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<h1 class="title">Checkmate</h1>
<h4 class="author"><em>Michel Lang</em></h4>
<h4 class="date"><em>2015-06-09</em></h4>
</div>
<p>Ever used an R function that produced a not-very-helpful error message, just to discover after minutes of debugging that you simply passed a wrong argument?</p>
<p>Blaming the laziness of the package author for not doing such standard checks (in a dynamically typed language such as R) is at least partially unfair, as R makes theses types of checks cumbersome and annoying. Well, that’s how it was in the past.</p>
<p>Enter checkmate.</p>
<p>Virtually <strong>every standard type of user error</strong> when passing arguments into function can be caught with a simple, readable line which produces an <strong>informative error message</strong> in case. A substantial part of the package was written in C to <strong>minimize any worries about execution time overhead</strong>.</p>
<div id="intro" class="section level2">
<h2>Intro</h2>
<p>As a motivational example, consider you have a function to calculate the faculty of a natural number and the user may choose between using either the stirling approximation or R’s <code>factorial</code> function (which internally uses the gamma function). Thus, you have two arguments, <code>n</code> and <code>method</code>. Argument <code>n</code> must obviously be a positive natural number and <code>method</code> must be either <code>"stirling"</code> or <code>"factorial"</code>. Here is a version of all the hoops you need to jump through to ensure that these simple requirements are met:</p>
<pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">fact <-<span class="st"> </span>function(n, <span class="dt">method =</span> <span class="st">"stirling"</span>) {
if (<span class="kw">length</span>(n) !=<span class="st"> </span><span class="dv">1</span>)
<span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">"Argument 'n' must have length 1"</span>)
if (!<span class="kw">is.numeric</span>(n))
<span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">"Argument 'n' must be numeric"</span>)
if (<span class="kw">is.na</span>(n))
<span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">"Argument 'n' may not be NA"</span>)
if (<span class="kw">is.double</span>(n)) {
if (<span class="kw">is.nan</span>(n))
<span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">"Argument 'n' may not be NaN"</span>)
if (<span class="kw">is.infinite</span>(n))
<span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">"Argument 'n' must be finite"</span>)
if (<span class="kw">abs</span>(n -<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">round</span>(n, <span class="dv">0</span>)) ><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">sqrt</span>(.Machine$double.eps))
<span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">"Argument 'n' must be an integerish value"</span>)
n <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">as.integer</span>(n)
}
if (n <<span class="st"> </span><span class="dv">0</span>)
<span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">"Argument 'n' must be >= 0"</span>)
if (<span class="kw">length</span>(method) !=<span class="st"> </span><span class="dv">1</span>)
<span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">"Argument 'method' must have length 1"</span>)
if (!<span class="kw">is.character</span>(method) ||<span class="st"> </span>!method %in%<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"stirling"</span>, <span class="st">"factorial"</span>))
<span class="kw">stop</span>(<span class="st">"Argument 'method' must be either 'stirling' or 'factorial'"</span>)
if (method ==<span class="st"> "factorial"</span>)
<span class="kw">factorial</span>(n)
else
<span class="kw">sqrt</span>(<span class="dv">2</span> *<span class="st"> </span>pi *<span class="st"> </span>n) *<span class="st"> </span>(n /<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">exp</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>))^n
}</code></pre>
<p>And for comparison, here is the same function using checkmate:</p>
<pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">fact <-<span class="st"> </span>function(n, <span class="dt">method =</span> <span class="st">"stirling"</span>) {
<span class="kw">library</span>(checkmate)
<span class="kw">assertCount</span>(n)
<span class="kw">assertChoice</span>(method, <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"stirling"</span>, <span class="st">"factorial"</span>))
if (method ==<span class="st"> "factorial"</span>)
<span class="kw">factorial</span>(n)
else
<span class="kw">sqrt</span>(<span class="dv">2</span> *<span class="st"> </span>pi *<span class="st"> </span>n) *<span class="st"> </span>(n /<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">exp</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>))^n
}</code></pre>
</div>
<div id="function-overview" class="section level2">
<h2>Function overview</h2>
<div id="scalars" class="section level3">
<h3>Scalars</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkFlag">checkFlag</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkCount">checkCount</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkInt">checkInt</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkNumber">checkNumber</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkString">checkString</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkScalar">checkScalar</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkScalarNA">checkScalarNA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkPercentage">checkPercentage</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="vectors" class="section level3">
<h3>Vectors</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkLogical">checkLogical</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkNumeric">checkNumeric</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkInteger">checkInteger</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkIntegerish">checkIntegerish</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkComplex">checkComplex</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkCharacter">checkCharacter</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkFactor">checkFactor</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkList">checkList</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkVector">checkVector</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkAtomic">checkAtomic</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkAtomicVector">checkAtomicVector</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="attributes" class="section level3">
<h3>Attributes</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkClass">checkClass</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkNames">checkNames</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkNamed">checkNamed</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="choices-and-subsets" class="section level3">
<h3>Choices and Subsets</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkChoice">checkChoice</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkSubset">checkSubset</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkSetEqual">checkSetEqual</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="matrices-arrays-and-data-frame" class="section level3">
<h3>Matrices, Arrays and Data Frame</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkMatrix">checkMatrix</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkArray">checkArray</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkDataFrame">checkDataFrame</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="safe-coercion-to-integer" class="section level3">
<h3>Safe Coercion to integer</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/asInteger">asCount</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/asInteger">asInt</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/asInteger">asInteger</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="other-builtin" class="section level3">
<h3>Other builtin</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkNull">checkNull</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkEnvironment">checkEnvironment</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkFunction">checkFunction</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="file-io" class="section level3">
<h3>File IO:</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkFile">checkFile</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkDirectory">checkDirectory</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/checkPathForOutput">checkPathForOutput</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="in-case-you-miss-flexibility" class="section level2">
<h2>In case you miss flexibility</h2>
<p>You can use <a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/assert">assert</a> to perform multiple checks at once and throw an assertion if all checks fail.</p>
</div>
<div id="argument-checks-for-the-lazy" class="section level2">
<h2>Argument Checks for the Lazy</h2>
<p>The follwoing functions allow a special syntax to define argument checks using a special pattern. E.g., <code>qassert(x, "I+")</code> asserts that <code>x</code> is an integer vector with at least one element and no missing values. This provide a completely alternative mini-language (or style) how to perform argument checks. You choose what you like best.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/qassert">qassert</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/checkmate/functions/qassert">qassertr</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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