/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/visual/graph.py is in python-visual 1:5.12-1.6build5.
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from visual import *
__all__ = visual._fix_symbols( globals() ) + [
'gdisplay','gcurve','gdots','gvbars','ghbars','ghistogram']
# Visual 3 ten iterations 0.14 s each (labels for points)
# Visual 4 hundred iteractions 0.02 s each
# A graph package for plotting a curve, with labeled axes and autoscaling
# Bruce Sherwood, Carnegie Mellon University, begun April 2000
# minmax[xaxis][negaxis], minmax[yaxis][negaxis] refer to absolute values of minimum negative values;
# minmax[xaxis][posaxis], minmax[yaxis][posaxis] to maximum positive values.
# This graph package forces the origin (0,0) to be on screen, at the axes intersection.
grey = (0.7,0.7,0.7) # color of axes
tmajor = 10. # length of major tick marks in pixels
tminor = 5. # length of minor tick marks in pixels
border = 10. # border around graph
frac = 0.02 # fraction of range required before remaking axes
minorticks = 5 # number of minor tick intervals between major ticks
maxmajorticks = 3 # max number of major ticks (not including 0)
maxminorticks = (maxmajorticks+1)*minorticks # max number of minor ticks (4 between major ticks)
lastgdisplay = None # the most recently created gdisplay
gdotsize = 6.0 # diameter of gdot in pixels
dz = 0.01 # offset for plots relative to axes and labels
xaxis = 0
yaxis = 1
negaxis = 0
posaxis = 1
graphfont = ""
fontheight = -1 # font point size
charwidth = 12 # approximate character width
znormal = [0,0,1] # for faces
def labelnum(x): # determine what labels to show, in what format
if x >= 0.: sign = 1.
else: sign = -1.
mantissa, exponent = modf(log10(abs(x)))
number = 10.**mantissa
if number < 1.:
number = 10.*number
exponent = exponent-1.
if number >= 7.5:
number = 7.5
marks = [2.5, 5.0, 7.5]
extra = 1
elif number >= 5.:
number = 5.
marks = [2.5, 5.0]
extra = 1
elif number >= 4.:
number = 4.
marks = [2.0, 4.0]
extra = 0
elif number >= 3.:
number = 3.
marks = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
extra = 0
elif number >= 2.:
number = 3.
marks = [1.0, 2.0]
extra = 0
elif number >= 1.5:
number = 1.5
marks = [0.5, 1.0, 1.5]
extra = 1
else:
number = 1.
marks = [0.5, 1.0]
extra = 1
if exponent > 0:
digits = 0
else:
digits = int(-exponent)+extra
if digits < 3. and exponent <= 3.:
format = '%0.'+('%s' % digits)+'f'
else:
format = '%0.1E'
return (sign*(array(marks)*10.**exponent)).tolist(), format
def cleaneformat(string): # convert 2.5E-006 to 2.5E-6; 2.5E+006 to 2.5E6
index = string.find('E')
if index == -1: return string # not E format
index = index+1
if string[index] == '-':
index = index+1
elif string[index] == '+':
string = string[:index]+string[index+1:]
while index < len(string) and string[index] == '0':
string = string[:index]+string[index+1:]
if string[-1] == '-':
string = string[:-1]
if string[-1] == 'E':
string = string[:-1]
return string
class gdisplay:
def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, width=800, height=400,
title=None, xtitle=None, ytitle=None,
xmax=None, xmin=None, ymax=None, ymin=None,
foreground=None, background=None):
global lastgdisplay
lastgdisplay = self
currentdisplay = display.get_selected()
if title is None:
title = 'Graph'
self.width = width
self.height = height
if foreground is not None:
self.foreground = foreground
else:
self.foreground = color.white
if background is not None:
self.background = background
else:
self.background = color.black
self.display = display(title=title, x=x, y=y,
width=self.width, height=self.height,
foreground=self.foreground, background=self.background,
fov=0.01, userspin=0, uniform=0,
lights=[], ambient=color.gray(0))
distant_light(direction=(0,0,1), color=color.white)
self.autoscale = [1, 1]
self.title = [[xtitle, 0], [ytitle, 0]] # titles not displayed yet
if xtitle is not None:
self.xtitlewidth = len(xtitle)*charwidth
else:
self.xtitlewidth = 0
if ytitle is not None:
self.ytitlewidth = len(ytitle)*charwidth
else:
self.ytitlewidth = 0
# For all axis-related quantities: [x axis 0 or y axis 1][neg axis 0 or pos axis 1]
self.axis = [[None, None], [None, None]]
self.zero = [None, None]
self.lastlabel = [[0., 0.], [0., 0.]]
self.format = [None, None]
self.majormarks = [[None, None], [None, None]]
self.lastminmax = [[0., 0.], [0., 0.]]
self.minmax = [[0., 0.], [0., 0.]] # [x or y][negative 0 or positive 1]
if xmax is not None:
if xmax > 0:
self.minmax[xaxis][posaxis] = abs(xmax)
self.autoscale[xaxis] = 0
if xmin is not None:
if xmin < 0:
self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis] = abs(xmin)
self.autoscale[xaxis] = 0
if ymax is not None:
if ymax > 0:
self.minmax[yaxis][posaxis] = abs(ymax)
self.autoscale[yaxis] = 0
if ymin is not None:
if ymin < 0:
self.minmax[yaxis][negaxis] = abs(ymin)
self.autoscale[yaxis] = 0
if self.minmax[xaxis][posaxis]+self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis] == 0:
self.minmax[xaxis][posaxis] = self.lastminmax[xaxis][posaxis] = 1E-35
if self.minmax[yaxis][posaxis]+self.minmax[yaxis][negaxis] == 0:
self.minmax[yaxis][posaxis] = self.lastminmax[yaxis][posaxis] = 1E-35
self.gscale = self.calculategscale()
self.setcenter()
self.minorticks = [ [ [], [] ], [ [],[] ] ] # all the minor ticks we'll ever use
for axis in range(2):
for axissign in range(2):
for nn in range(maxminorticks):
if axis == xaxis:
self.minorticks[axis][axissign].append(label(display=self.display, yoffset=-tminor,
linecolor=grey, visible=0, box=0, opacity=0))
else:
self.minorticks[axis][axissign].append(label(display=self.display, xoffset=-tminor,
linecolor=grey, visible=0, box=0, opacity=0))
self.majorticks = [ [ [], [] ], [ [],[] ] ] # all the major ticks we'll ever use
for axis in range(2):
for axissign in range(2):
for nn in range(maxmajorticks):
if axis == xaxis:
self.majorticks[axis][axissign].append(label(display=self.display, yoffset=-tmajor,
font=graphfont, text='', border=0,
linecolor=grey, visible=0, box=0, opacity=0))
else:
self.majorticks[axis][axissign].append(label(display=self.display, xoffset=-tmajor,
font=graphfont, text='', border=2,
linecolor=grey, visible=0, box=0, opacity=0))
for axis in range(2):
for axissign in range(2):
self.axisdisplay(axis, axissign)
currentdisplay.select()
def setcenter(self):
if self.title[xaxis][1]:
xright = self.title[xaxis][0].x+0.5*self.xtitlewidth*self.display.range[0]/self.width
else:
xright = self.minmax[xaxis][posaxis]
xleft = self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis] # a positive number
ytop = self.minmax[yaxis][posaxis]
ybottom = self.minmax[yaxis][negaxis] # a positive number
if (xleft==0):
xleft += 3*tmajor/self.gscale[0]
if (ybottom==0):
ybottom += 3*tmajor/self.gscale[1]
x = (xright-xleft)/2.0
y = (ytop-ybottom)/2.0
self.display.center = array([x,y,0])
def calculategscale(self):
if self.title[xaxis][1]:
xright = self.title[xaxis][0].x+0.5*self.xtitlewidth*self.display.range[0]/self.width
else:
xright = self.minmax[xaxis][posaxis]
xleft = self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis] # a positive number
rangex = xleft+xright
rangex += self.xtitlewidth*rangex/self.width
ytop = self.minmax[yaxis][posaxis]
ybottom = self.minmax[yaxis][negaxis] # a positive number
rangey = ytop+ybottom
if (xleft==0):
rangex += 3*tmajor*rangex/self.width
if (ybottom==0):
rangey += 3*tmajor*rangey/self.height
self.display.range = (0.55*rangex,0.55*rangey,0.1)
return array([self.width/rangex,self.height/rangey,1.0])
def setxyparams(self):
global x0, y0
if self.minmax[xaxis][posaxis] >= 0 and self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis] >= 0:
x0 = 0.
else:
x0 = self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis]
if self.minmax[yaxis][posaxis] >= 0 and self.minmax[yaxis][negaxis] >= 0:
y0 = 0.
else:
y0 = self.minmax[yaxis][negaxis]
def axisdisplay(self, axis, axissign):
if self.minmax[axis][axissign] == 0.: return
self.setxyparams()
if axissign == posaxis: sign = 1.
else: sign = -1.
if self.axis[axis][axissign] is None: # new; no axis displayed up till now
if axis == xaxis:
axispos = array([(0,y0,0), (sign*self.minmax[axis][axissign],y0,0)])
titlepos = array([self.minmax[axis][posaxis],y0,0])
else:
axispos = array([(x0,0,0), (x0,sign*self.minmax[axis][axissign],0)])
titlepos = array([x0,self.minmax[axis][posaxis],0])
self.axis[axis][axissign] = curve(pos=axispos, color=grey, display=self.display)
if (self.title[axis][0] is not None) and (not self.title[axis][1]):
title = self.title[axis][0]
self.title[axis][0] = label(display=self.display, pos=titlepos, text=title,
font=graphfont, xoffset=tminor, opacity=0, box=0, line=0)
self.title[axis][1] = 1
if self.minmax[axis][posaxis] >= self.minmax[axis][negaxis]:
newmajormarks, format = labelnum(self.minmax[axis][posaxis])
else:
newmajormarks, format = labelnum(self.minmax[axis][negaxis])
self.format[axis] = format
if self.zero[axis] is None:
if axis == xaxis:
self.zero[axis] = label(display=self.display, pos=(0,0,0), text='0',
color=self.foreground,
font=graphfont, height=fontheight, border=0,
yoffset=-tmajor, linecolor=grey, box=0, opacity=0)
elif self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis] == 0:
self.zero[axis] = label(display=self.display, pos=(0,0,0), text='0',
color=self.foreground,
font=graphfont, height=fontheight, border=2,
xoffset=-tmajor, linecolor=grey, box=0, opacity=0)
d1 = newmajormarks[0]
d2 = d1/minorticks
nminor = 0
nmajor = 0
marks = []
for x1 in newmajormarks:
if x1 > self.minmax[axis][axissign]: break # newmajormarks can refer to opposite half-axis
marks.append(x1)
obj = self.majorticks[axis][axissign][nmajor]
obj.text = cleaneformat(self.format[axis] % (sign*x1))
obj.color = self.foreground
obj.visible = 1
if axis == xaxis:
obj.pos = array([sign*x1,y0,0])
obj.yoffset = -tmajor
else:
obj.pos = array([x0,sign*x1,0])
obj.xoffset = -tmajor
nmajor = nmajor+1
nminor = 0
for x2 in arange(0.+d2, self.minmax[axis][axissign]+1.01*d2, d2):
if x2 > self.minmax[axis][axissign]+0.01*d2: break
if x2 % d1 < d2/2.: continue # don't put minor tick where there is a major one
obj = self.minorticks[axis][axissign][nminor]
obj.visible = 1
if axis == xaxis:
obj.pos = array([sign*x2,y0,0])
else:
obj.pos = array([x0,sign*x2,0])
nminor = nminor+1
if marks != []:
self.majormarks[axis][axissign] = marks
self.lastlabel[axis][axissign] = self.majormarks[axis][axissign][-1]
else:
self.lastlabel[axis][axissign] = 0
else:
# Don't show y=0 label if there is a negative-x axis
if (self.zero[axis] is not None) and (axis == yaxis) and (self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis] != 0):
self.zero[axis].visible = 0
self.zero[axis] = None
# Extend axis, which has grown
if axis == xaxis:
self.axis[axis][axissign].pos = array([[0,0,0],[sign*self.minmax[axis][axissign], y0, 0]])
else:
self.axis[axis][axissign].pos = array([[0,0,0],[x0,sign*self.minmax[axis][axissign],0]])
# Reposition xtitle (at right) or ytitle (at top)
if self.title[axis][1] and axissign == posaxis:
if axis == xaxis:
titlepos = array([self.minmax[axis][posaxis],y0,0])
else:
titlepos = array([x0,self.minmax[axis][axissign],0])
self.title[axis][0].pos = titlepos
# See how many majormarks are now needed, and in what format
if self.minmax[axis][posaxis] >= self.minmax[axis][negaxis]:
newmajormarks, format = labelnum(self.minmax[axis][posaxis])
else:
newmajormarks, format = labelnum(self.minmax[axis][negaxis])
if (self.majormarks[axis][axissign] is not None) and (len(self.majormarks[axis][axissign]) > 0):
# this axis already has major tick marks/labels
oldd1 = self.majormarks[axis][axissign][0]
else:
oldd1 = 0.
oldd2 = oldd1/minorticks
while newmajormarks[-1] > self.minmax[axis][axissign]:
if len(newmajormarks) == 1: break
del newmajormarks[-1]
d1 = newmajormarks[0]
d2 = d1/minorticks
newformat = (format != self.format[axis])
self.format[axis] = format
needminor = (self.minmax[axis][axissign] >= self.lastlabel[axis][axissign]+d2) or (d2 != oldd2)
needmajor = ((self.majormarks[axis][axissign] is None)
or (newmajormarks[-1] != self.majormarks[axis][axissign][-1]) or newformat)
if needmajor: # need new labels
start = 0
if (self.majormarks[axis][axissign] is None) or newformat or (d1 != oldd1):
marks = []
else:
for num in newmajormarks:
if num > self.majormarks[axis][axissign][-1]:
start = num
break
marks = self.majormarks[axis][axissign]
for nmajor in range(maxmajorticks):
x1 = (nmajor+1)*d1
obj = self.majorticks[axis][axissign][nmajor]
if x1 > self.minmax[axis][axissign]:
obj.visible = 0
continue
if x1 < start: continue
marks.append(x1)
obj.text = cleaneformat(self.format[axis] % (sign*x1))
obj.color = self.foreground
obj.visible = 1
if axis == xaxis:
obj.pos = array([sign*x1,y0,0])
else:
obj.pos = array([x0,sign*x1,0])
if marks != []:
self.majormarks[axis][axissign] = marks
if needminor: # adjust minor tick marks
nminor = 0
for x2 in arange(0.+d2, self.minmax[axis][axissign]+1.01*d2, d2):
if x2 > self.minmax[axis][axissign]+0.01*d2: break
if x2 % d1 < d2/2.: continue # don't put minor tick where there is a major one
if (d2 != oldd2) or x2 > self.lastlabel[axis][axissign]-0.01*d2:
if axis == xaxis:
self.minorticks[axis][axissign][nminor].pos = array([sign*x2,y0,0])
else:
self.minorticks[axis][axissign][nminor].pos = array([x0,sign*x2,0])
self.minorticks[axis][axissign][nminor].visible = 1
nminor = nminor+1
while nminor < maxminorticks:
self.minorticks[axis][axissign][nminor].visible = 0
nminor = nminor+1
self.lastlabel[axis][axissign] = d2*int(self.minmax[axis][axissign]/d2)
def resize(self, x, y):
redox = redoy = 0
if self.autoscale[xaxis]:
if x > self.lastminmax[xaxis][posaxis]:
self.minmax[xaxis][posaxis] = x+frac*self.display.range[0]
if (self.lastminmax[xaxis][posaxis] == 0 or
(self.minmax[xaxis][posaxis] >= self.lastminmax[xaxis][posaxis])):
redox = 1
elif -x > self.lastminmax[xaxis][negaxis]:
self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis] = -x-frac*self.display.range[0]
if (self.lastminmax[xaxis][negaxis] == 0 or
(self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis] >= self.lastminmax[xaxis][negaxis])):
redox = 1
if self.autoscale[yaxis]:
if y > self.lastminmax[yaxis][posaxis]:
self.minmax[yaxis][posaxis] = y+frac*self.display.range[1]
if (self.lastminmax[yaxis][posaxis] == 0 or
(self.minmax[yaxis][posaxis] >= self.lastminmax[yaxis][posaxis])):
redoy = 1
elif -y > self.lastminmax[yaxis][negaxis]:
self.minmax[yaxis][negaxis] = -y-frac*self.display.range[1]
if (self.lastminmax[yaxis][negaxis] == 0 or
(self.minmax[yaxis][negaxis] >= self.lastminmax[yaxis][negaxis])):
redoy = 1
if (redox or redoy):
self.gscale = self.calculategscale()
if redox:
self.axisdisplay(xaxis,posaxis)
self.lastminmax[xaxis][posaxis] = self.minmax[xaxis][posaxis]
self.axisdisplay(xaxis,negaxis)
self.lastminmax[xaxis][negaxis] = self.minmax[xaxis][negaxis]
if redoy:
self.axisdisplay(yaxis,posaxis)
self.lastminmax[yaxis][posaxis] = self.minmax[yaxis][posaxis]
self.axisdisplay(yaxis,negaxis)
self.lastminmax[yaxis][negaxis] = self.minmax[yaxis][negaxis]
self.setcenter()
def getgdisplay():
return gdisplay()
def constructorargs(obj,arguments):
if arguments.has_key('gdisplay'):
obj.gdisplay = arguments['gdisplay']
else:
if lastgdisplay is None:
obj.gdisplay = getgdisplay()
else:
obj.gdisplay = lastgdisplay
if arguments.has_key('delta'):
obj.delta = arguments['delta']
else:
obj.delta = 1.
if arguments.has_key('color'):
obj.color = arguments['color']
else:
obj.color = obj.gdisplay.foreground
if arguments.has_key('pos'):
return arguments['pos']
else:
return None
def primitiveargs(obj,arguments):
if arguments.has_key('color'):
obj.color = arguments['color']
if arguments.has_key('pos'):
return arguments['pos']
else:
raise SyntaxError
class gcurve:
def __init__(self, **args):
pos = constructorargs(self,args)
self.gcurve = curve(display=self.gdisplay.display, color=self.color)
if pos is not None:
for xy in pos:
self.plot(pos=xy)
def plot(self, **args):
pos = primitiveargs(self,args)
self.gdisplay.resize(pos[0], pos[1])
self.gcurve.append(pos=(pos[0],pos[1],2*dz), color=self.color)
class gdots:
def __init__(self, **args):
pos = constructorargs(self,args)
self.size = 5
if args.has_key('size'):
self.size = args['size']
self.shape = 'round'
if args.has_key('shape'):
self.shape = args['shape']
# For now, restrict to single color
self.dots = points(display=self.gdisplay.display, color=self.color,
size=self.size, shape=self.shape, size_units="pixels")
if pos is not None:
for p in pos:
self.plot(pos=p)
else:
if type(self.color) is ndarray and c.shape[0] > 1:
raise RuntimeError, "Cannot give an array of colors without giving pos."
def plot(self, **args):
if args.has_key('pos'):
pos = array(args['pos'])
else:
raise RuntimeError, "Cannot plot without giving pos."
c = self.color
if args.has_key('color'):
c = args['color']
if pos.ndim == 1: # a single position
self.gdisplay.resize(pos[0], pos[1])
self.dots.append(pos=(pos[0],pos[1],2*dz), color=c)
else:
for p in pos: # an array of positions
self.gdisplay.resize(p[0], p[1])
self.dots.append(pos=(p[0],p[1],2*dz), color=c)
class gvbars:
def __init__(self, **args):
pos = constructorargs(self,args)
self.vbars = faces(display=self.gdisplay.display,
pos=[(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0)],
normal=znormal, color=self.color)
if pos is not None:
for xy in pos:
self.plot(pos=xy)
def makevbar(self, pos):
x,y = pos[0],pos[1]
if y < 0.0:
ymin = y
ymax = 0
else:
ymin = 0.0
ymax = y
d = self.delta/2.0
return [(x-d,ymin,dz),(x+d,ymin,dz),(x-d,ymax,dz),
(x-d,ymax,dz),(x+d,ymin,dz),(x+d,ymax,dz)]
def plot(self, **args):
pos = primitiveargs(self,args)
self.gdisplay.resize(pos[0], pos[1])
for pt in self.makevbar(pos):
self.vbars.append(pos=(pt[0],pt[1],dz), normal=znormal)
class ghbars:
def __init__(self, **args):
pos = constructorargs(self,args)
self.hbars = faces(display=self.gdisplay.display,
pos=[(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0)],
normal=znormal, color=self.color)
if pos is not None:
for xy in pos:
self.plot(pos=xy)
def makehbar(self, pos):
x,y = pos[0],pos[1]
if x < 0.0:
xmin = x
xmax = 0
else:
xmin = 0.0
xmax = x
d = self.delta/2.0
return [(xmin,y-d,dz),(xmax,y-d,dz),(xmin,y+d,dz),
(xmin,y+d,dz),(xmax,y-d,dz),(xmax,y+d,dz)]
def plot(self, **args):
pos = primitiveargs(self,args)
self.gdisplay.resize(pos[0], pos[1])
for pt in self.makehbar(pos):
self.hbars.append(pos=(pt[0],pt[1],dz), normal=znormal)
class ghistogram:
def __init__(self, bins=None, accumulate=0, average=0,
delta=None, gdisplay=None, color=None):
if gdisplay is None:
if lastgdisplay is None:
gdisplay = getgdisplay()
else:
gdisplay = lastgdisplay
self.gdisplay = gdisplay
self.bins = bins
self.nhist = 0 # number of calls to plot routine
self.accumulate = accumulate # add successive data sets
self.average = average # display accumulated histogram divided by self.nhist
if color is None:
self.color = self.gdisplay.foreground
else:
self.color = color
self.histaccum = zeros(len(bins))
if delta is None:
self.delta = (bins[1]-bins[0])
else:
self.delta = delta
self.vbars = faces(display=self.gdisplay.display,
pos=[(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0)],
normal=znormal, color=self.color)
self.gdisplay.resize(bins[0]-self.delta,1.0)
self.gdisplay.resize(bins[-1]+self.delta,1.0)
def makehistovbar(self, pos):
x,y = pos[0],pos[1]
d = 0.8*self.delta/2.0
return [(x-d,0.0,dz),(x+d,0.0,dz),(x-d,y,dz),
(x-d,y,dz),(x+d,0.0,dz),(x+d,y,dz)]
def plot(self, data=None, accumulate=None, average=None, color=None):
if color is None:
color = self.color
if accumulate is not None:
self.accumulate = accumulate
if average is not None:
self.average = average
if data is None: return
n = searchsorted(sort(data), self.bins)
n = concatenate([n, [len(data)]])
histo = n[1:]-n[:-1]
if self.accumulate:
self.histaccum = self.histaccum+histo
else:
self.histaccum = histo
self.nhist = self.nhist+1.
ymax = max(self.histaccum)
if ymax == 0.: ymax == 1.
self.gdisplay.resize(self.bins[-1],ymax)
for nbin in range(len(self.bins)):
pos = [self.bins[0]+(nbin+0.5)*self.delta, self.histaccum[nbin]]
if self.nhist == 1.:
for pt in self.makehistovbar(pos):
self.vbars.append(pos=pt, normal=znormal)
else:
if self.accumulate and self.average:
pos[1] /= self.nhist
# (nbin+1) because self.vbars was initialized with one dummy bar
self.vbars.pos[6*(nbin+1)+2][1] = pos[1]
self.vbars.pos[6*(nbin+1)+3][1] = pos[1]
self.vbars.pos[6*(nbin+1)+5][1] = pos[1]
if __name__ == '__main__':
from time import clock
# If xmax, xmin, ymax, or ymin specified, the related axis is not autoscaled
# Can turn off autoscaling with
# oscillation.autoscale[0]=0 for x or oscillation.autoscale[1]=0 for y
oscillation = gdisplay(title='Test Plotting', xtitle='Time', ytitle='Response',
x=0, y=0, width=800, height=400)
funct1 = gcurve(color=color.cyan)
funct2 = gvbars(color=color.red, delta=0.8)
funct3 = gdots(color=color.yellow)
print "start timing"
tt = clock()
for n in range(1):
for t in arange(-30, 76, 1):
funct1.plot(pos=(t, 5.0+5.0*cos(-0.2*t)*exp(0.015*t)) )
funct2.plot(pos=(t, 2.0+5.0*cos(-0.1*t)*exp(0.015*t)) )
funct3.plot(pos=(t, 5.0*cos(-0.03*t)*exp(0.015*t)) )
tt = clock()-tt
histo = gdisplay(title='Histogram', x=0, y=400, width=800,height=400)
datalist1 = [5, 37, 12, 21, 25, 28, 8, 63, 52, 75, 7]
data = ghistogram(bins=arange(-20, 80, 10), color=color.red)
data.plot(data=datalist1)
datalist2 = [7, 23, 25, 72, -15]
data.plot(data=datalist2, accumulate=1)
print '%0.1f sec' % tt
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