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<a name="CROSSTABS"></a>
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Next: <a href="FACTOR.html#FACTOR" accesskey="n" rel="next">FACTOR</a>, Previous: <a href="CORRELATIONS.html#CORRELATIONS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CORRELATIONS</a>, Up: <a href="Statistics.html#Statistics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Statistics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-Index.html#Function-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<hr>
<a name="CROSSTABS-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">15.6 CROSSTABS</h3>

<a name="index-CROSSTABS"></a>
<div class="display">
<pre class="display">CROSSTABS
        /TABLES=<var>var_list</var> BY <var>var_list</var> [BY <var>var_list</var>]&hellip;
        /MISSING={TABLE,INCLUDE,REPORT}
        /WRITE={NONE,CELLS,ALL}
        /FORMAT={TABLES,NOTABLES}
                {PIVOT,NOPIVOT}
                {AVALUE,DVALUE}
                {NOINDEX,INDEX}
                {BOX,NOBOX}
        /CELLS={COUNT,ROW,COLUMN,TOTAL,EXPECTED,RESIDUAL,SRESIDUAL,
                ASRESIDUAL,ALL,NONE}
        /STATISTICS={CHISQ,PHI,CC,LAMBDA,UC,BTAU,CTAU,RISK,GAMMA,D,
                     KAPPA,ETA,CORR,ALL,NONE}
        /BARCHART
        
(Integer mode.)
        /VARIABLES=<var>var_list</var> (<var>low</var>,<var>high</var>)&hellip;
</pre></div>

<p>The <code>CROSSTABS</code> procedure displays crosstabulation
tables requested by the user.  It can calculate several statistics for
each cell in the crosstabulation tables.  In addition, a number of
statistics can be calculated for each table itself.
</p>
<p>The <code>TABLES</code> subcommand is used to specify the tables to be reported.  Any
number of dimensions is permitted, and any number of variables per
dimension is allowed.  The <code>TABLES</code> subcommand may be repeated as many
times as needed.  This is the only required subcommand in <em>general
mode</em>.  
</p>
<p>Occasionally, one may want to invoke a special mode called <em>integer
mode</em>.  Normally, in general mode, <small>PSPP</small> automatically determines
what values occur in the data.  In integer mode, the user specifies the
range of values that the data assumes.  To invoke this mode, specify the
<code>VARIABLES</code> subcommand, giving a range of data values in parentheses for
each variable to be used on the <code>TABLES</code> subcommand.  Data values inside
the range are truncated to the nearest integer, then assigned to that
value.  If values occur outside this range, they are discarded.  When it
is present, the <code>VARIABLES</code> subcommand must precede the <code>TABLES</code>
subcommand.
</p>
<p>In general mode, numeric and string variables may be specified on
TABLES.  In integer mode, only numeric variables are allowed.
</p>
<p>The <code>MISSING</code> subcommand determines the handling of user-missing values.
When set to <code>TABLE</code>, the default, missing values are dropped on a table by
table basis.  When set to <code>INCLUDE</code>, user-missing values are included in
tables and statistics.  When set to <code>REPORT</code>, which is allowed only in
integer mode, user-missing values are included in tables but marked with
an &lsquo;<samp>M</samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;missing&rdquo;) and excluded from statistical
calculations.
</p>
<p>Currently the <code>WRITE</code> subcommand is ignored.
</p>
<p>The <code>FORMAT</code> subcommand controls the characteristics of the
crosstabulation tables to be displayed.  It has a number of possible
settings:
</p>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><!-- /@w --> <code>TABLES</code>, the default, causes crosstabulation tables to be output.
<code>NOTABLES</code> suppresses them.

</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>PIVOT</code>, the default, causes each <code>TABLES</code> subcommand to be displayed in a
pivot table format.  <code>NOPIVOT</code> causes the old-style crosstabulation format
to be used.

</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>AVALUE</code>, the default, causes values to be sorted in ascending order.
<code>DVALUE</code> asserts a descending sort order.

</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>INDEX</code> and <code>NOINDEX</code> are currently ignored.

</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>BOX</code> and <code>NOBOX</code> is currently ignored.
</li></ul>

<p>The <code>CELLS</code> subcommand controls the contents of each cell in the displayed
crosstabulation table.  The possible settings are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>COUNT</dt>
<dd><p>Frequency count.
</p></dd>
<dt>ROW</dt>
<dd><p>Row percent.
</p></dd>
<dt>COLUMN</dt>
<dd><p>Column percent.
</p></dd>
<dt>TOTAL</dt>
<dd><p>Table percent.
</p></dd>
<dt>EXPECTED</dt>
<dd><p>Expected value.
</p></dd>
<dt>RESIDUAL</dt>
<dd><p>Residual.
</p></dd>
<dt>SRESIDUAL</dt>
<dd><p>Standardized residual.
</p></dd>
<dt>ASRESIDUAL</dt>
<dd><p>Adjusted standardized residual.
</p></dd>
<dt>ALL</dt>
<dd><p>All of the above.
</p></dd>
<dt>NONE</dt>
<dd><p>Suppress cells entirely.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>&lsquo;<samp>/CELLS</samp>&rsquo; without any settings specified requests <code>COUNT</code>, <code>ROW</code>,
<code>COLUMN</code>, and <code>TOTAL</code>.  
If <code>CELLS</code> is not specified at all then only <code>COUNT</code>
will be selected.
</p>
<p>The <code>STATISTICS</code> subcommand selects statistics for computation:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>CHISQ</dt>
<dd><a name="index-chisquare"></a>
<a name="index-chi_002dsquare"></a>

<p>Pearson chi-square, likelihood ratio, Fisher&rsquo;s exact test, continuity
correction, linear-by-linear association.
</p></dd>
<dt>PHI</dt>
<dd><p>Phi.
</p></dd>
<dt>CC</dt>
<dd><p>Contingency coefficient.
</p></dd>
<dt>LAMBDA</dt>
<dd><p>Lambda.
</p></dd>
<dt>UC</dt>
<dd><p>Uncertainty coefficient.
</p></dd>
<dt>BTAU</dt>
<dd><p>Tau-b.
</p></dd>
<dt>CTAU</dt>
<dd><p>Tau-c.
</p></dd>
<dt>RISK</dt>
<dd><p>Risk estimate.
</p></dd>
<dt>GAMMA</dt>
<dd><p>Gamma.
</p></dd>
<dt>D</dt>
<dd><p>Somers&rsquo; D.
</p></dd>
<dt>KAPPA</dt>
<dd><p>Cohen&rsquo;s Kappa.
</p></dd>
<dt>ETA</dt>
<dd><p>Eta.
</p></dd>
<dt>CORR</dt>
<dd><p>Spearman correlation, Pearson&rsquo;s r.
</p></dd>
<dt>ALL</dt>
<dd><p>All of the above.
</p></dd>
<dt>NONE</dt>
<dd><p>No statistics.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>Selected statistics are only calculated when appropriate for the
statistic.  Certain statistics require tables of a particular size, and
some statistics are calculated only in integer mode.
</p>
<p>&lsquo;<samp>/STATISTICS</samp>&rsquo; without any settings selects CHISQ.  If the
<code>STATISTICS</code> subcommand is not given, no statistics are calculated.
</p>
<a name="index-bar-chart-1"></a>
<p>The &lsquo;<samp>/BARCHART</samp>&rsquo; subcommand produces a clustered bar chart for the first two
variables on each table.
If a table has more than two variables, the counts for the third and subsequent levels 
will be aggregated and the chart will be produces as if there were only two variables.  
</p>

<p><strong>Please note:</strong> Currently the implementation of <code>CROSSTABS</code> has the
following limitations:
</p>
<ul>
<li> Significance of some symmetric and directional measures is not calculated.
</li><li> Asymptotic standard error is not calculated for
Goodman and Kruskal&rsquo;s tau or symmetric Somers&rsquo; d.
</li><li> Approximate T is not calculated for symmetric uncertainty coefficient.
</li></ul>

<p>Fixes for any of these deficiencies would be welcomed.
</p>
<hr>
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Next: <a href="FACTOR.html#FACTOR" accesskey="n" rel="next">FACTOR</a>, Previous: <a href="CORRELATIONS.html#CORRELATIONS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">CORRELATIONS</a>, Up: <a href="Statistics.html#Statistics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Statistics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-Index.html#Function-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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