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<h3 class="section">9.2 Format of returned values of structure-based gradient and Hessian functions</h3>
<p><a name="index-structure_002dbased-gradients-97"></a><a name="index-structure_002dbased-Hessians-98"></a>
Structure-based gradient or Jacobian functions, including Jacobians of
general constraints, must return the partial derivatives as fields of a
structure under the respective parameter names. For gradients, the
partial derivatives are scalar. For Jacobians, the partial derivatives
must be column vectors.
<p>Structure-based Hessian functions must return the 2nd derivatives as
subfields in a two-level structure of parameter names. For example, if
the parameter names are <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>, the 2nd derivative with
respect to <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> must be in the field
<code>returned_structure.a.b</code> or <code>returned_structure.b.a</code> (there is
no need to specify both).
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