/usr/bin/mate-polkit is in mate-polkit-bin 1.12.0-3.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o755.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
1 2 3 | #!/bin/sh
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/polkit-mate/polkit-mate-authentication-agent-1 &
|