inn2 2.6.0-2 / usr / lib / news / bin / pgpverify

#! /usr/bin/perl -w
use lib '/usr/share/perl5'; use INN::Config;
# If running inside INN, uncomment the above and point to INN::Config.
#
# Written April 1996, <tale@isc.org> (David C Lawrence)
# Currently maintained by Russ Allbery <eagle@eyrie.org>
# Version 1.29, 2014-04-15
#
# NOTICE TO INN MAINTAINERS:  The version that is shipped with INN is the
# same as the version that I make available to the rest of the world
# (including non-INN sites), so please make all changes through me.
#
# This program requires Perl 5, probably at least about Perl 5.003 since
# that's when FileHandle was introduced.  If you want to use this program
# and your Perl is too old, please contact me (eagle@eyrie.org) and tell
# me about it; I want to know what old versions of Perl are still used in
# practice.
#
# Changes from 1.28 -> 1.29
# -- Disambiguate numbered lists from description lists in POD to silent
#    a pod2man warning.
# -- Add a --findid=<string> flag to explicitly search for <string> in the
#    output from PGP's analysis of the message.  In case the signature is
#    valid but does not contain <string>, pgpverify exits with the new
#    exit status 4.
#
# Changes from 1.27 -> 1.28
# -- Use the INN::Config Perl module instead of innshellvars.pl to
#    accomodate the new build process of INN 2.5.
#
# Changes from 1.26 -> 1.27
# -- Default to pubring.gpg when trustedkeys.gpg is not found in the
#    default key location, for backward compatibility.
#
# Changes from 1.25 -> 1.26
# -- Return the correct status code when the message isn't verified
#    instead of always returning 255.
#
# Changes from 1.24 -> 1.25
# -- Fix the -test switch to actually do something.
# -- Improve date generation when logging to standard output.
#
# Changes from 1.23 -> 1.24
# -- Fix bug in the recognition of wire-format articles.
#
# Changes from 1.15 -> 1.23
# -- Bump version number to match CVS revision number.
# -- Replaced all signature verification code with code that uses detached
#    signatures.  Signatures generated by GnuPG couldn't be verified using
#    attached signatures without adding a Hash: header, and this was the
#    path of least resistance plus avoids munging problems in the future.
#    Code taken from PGP::Sign.
#
# Changes from 1.14 -> 1.15
# -- Added POD documentation.
# -- Fixed the -test switch so that it works again.
# -- Dropped Perl 4 compatibility and reformatted.  Now passes use strict.
#
# Changes from 1.13.1 -> 1.14
# -- Native support for GnuPG without the pgpgpg wrapper, using GnuPG's
#    program interface by Marco d'Itri.
# -- Always use Sys::Syslog without any setlogsock call for Perl 5.6.0 or
#    later, since Sys::Syslog in those versions of Perl uses the C library
#    interface and is now portable.
# -- Default to expecting the key ring in $inn'newsetc/pgp if it exists.
# -- Fix a portability problem for Perl 4 introduced in 1.12.
#
# Changes from 1.13 -> 1.13.1
# -- Nothing functional, just moved the innshellvars.pl line to the head of
#    the script, to accomodate the build process of INN.
#
# Changes from 1.12 -> 1.13
# -- Use INN's syslog_facility if available.
#
# Changes from 1.11 -> 1.12
# -- Support for GnuPG.
# -- Use /usr/ucb/logger, if present, instead of /usr/bin/logger (the latter
#    of which, on Solaris at least, is some sort of brain damaged POSIX.2
#    command which doesn't use syslog).
# -- Made syslog work for dec_osf (version 4, at least).
# -- Fixed up priority of '.' operator vs bitwise operators.
#
# Changes from 1.10 -> 1.11
# -- Code to log error messages to syslog.
#    See $syslog and $syslog_method configurable variables.
# -- Configurably allow date stamp on stderr error messages.
# -- Added locking for multiple concurrent pgp instances.
# -- More clear error message if pgp exits abnormally.
# -- Identify PGP 5 "BAD signature" string.
# -- Minor diddling for INN (path to innshellvars.pl changed).
#
# Changes from 1.9 -> 1.10
# -- Minor diddling for INN 2.0:  use $inn'pathtmp if it exists, and
#    work with the new subst method to find innshellvars.pl.
# -- Do not truncate the tmp file when opening, in case it is really
#    linked to another file.
#
# Changes from 1.8 -> 1.9
# -- Match 'Bad signature' pgp output to return exit status 3 by removing
#    '^' in regexp matched on multiline string.
#
# Changes from 1.7 -> 1.8
# -- Ignore final dot-CRLF if article is in NNTP format.
#
# Changes from 1.6 -> 1.7
# -- Parse PGP 5.0 'good signature' lines.
# -- Allow -test switch; prints pgp input and output.
# -- Look for pgp in INN's innshellvars.pl.
# -- Changed regexp delimiters for stripping $0 to be compatible with old
#    Perl.
#
# Changes from 1.5 -> 1.6
# -- Handle articles encoded in NNTP format ('.' starting line is doubled,
#    \r\n at line end) by stripping NNTP encoding.
# -- Exit 255 with pointer to $HOME or $PGPPATH if pgp can't find key
#    ring.  (It probably doesn't match the necessary error message with
#    ViaCrypt PGP.)
# -- Failures also report Message-ID so the article can be looked up to
#    retry.
#
# Changes from 1.4 -> 1.5
# -- Force English language for 'Good signature from user' by passing
#    +language=en on pgp command line, rather than setting the
#    environment variable LANGUAGE to 'en'.
#
# Changes from 1.3 -> 1.4
# -- Now handles wrapped headers that have been unfolded.
#    (Though I do believe news software oughtn't be unfolding them.)
# -- Checks to ensure that the temporary file is really a file, and
#    not a link or some other weirdness.

# Path to the GnuPG gpgv binary, if you have GnuPG.  If you do, this will
# be used in preference to PGP.  For most current control messages, you
# need a version of GnuPG that can handle RSA signatures.  If you have INN
# and the script is able to successfully include your INN::Config module,
# the value of $INN::Config::gpgv will override this.
# $gpgv = '/usr/local/bin/gpgv';

# Path to pgp binary; for PGP 5.0, set the path to the pgpv binary.  If
# you have INN and the script is able to successfully include your
# INN::Config module, the value of $INN::Config::pgp will override this.
$pgp = '/usr/local/bin/pgp';

# If you keep your keyring somewhere that is not the default used by pgp,
# uncomment the next line and set appropriately.  If you have INN and the
# script is able to successfully include your INN::Config module, this
# will be set to $INN::Config::newsetc/pgp if that directory exists unless
# you set it explicitly.  GnuPG will use a file named pubring.gpg in this
# directory.
# $keyring = '/path/to/your/pgp/config';

# If you have INN and the script is able to successfully include your
# INN::Config module, the value of $INN::Config::pathtmp and
# $INN::Config::locks will override these.
$tmpdir = "/tmp";
$lockdir = $tmpdir;

# How should syslog be accessed?
#
# As it turns out, syslogging is very hard to do portably in versions of
# Perl prior to 5.6.0.  Sys::Syslog should work without difficulty in
# 5.6.0 or later and will be used automatically for those versions of Perl
# (unless $syslog_method is '').  For earlier versions of Perl, 'inet' is
# all that's available up to version 5.004_03.  If your syslog does not
# accept UDP log packets, such as when syslogd runs with the -l flag,
# 'inet' will not work.  A value of 'unix' will try to contact syslogd
# directly over a Unix domain socket built entirely in Perl code (no
# subprocesses).  If that is not working for you, and you have the
# 'logger' program on your system, set this variable to its full path name
# to have a subprocess contact syslogd.  If the method is just "logger",
# the script will search some known directories for that program.  If it
# can't be found & used, everything falls back on stderr logging.
#
# You can test the script's syslogging by running "pgpverify <
# /some/text/file" on a file that is not a valid news article.  The
# "non-header at line #" error should be syslogged.
#
# $syslog_method = 'unix';    # Unix doman socket, Perl 5.004_03 or higher.
# $syslog_method = 'inet';    # UDP to port 514 of localhost.
# $syslog_method = '';        # Don't ever try to do syslogging.
$syslog_method = 'logger';    # Search for the logger program.

# The next two variables are the values to be used for syslog's facility
# and level to use, as would be found in syslog.conf.  For various
# reasons, it is impossible to economically have the script figure out how
# to do syslogging correctly on the machine.  If you have INN and the
# script is able to successfully include you INN::Config module, then
# the value of $INN::Config::syslog_facility will override this value of
# $syslog_facility; $syslog_level is unaffected.
$syslog_facility = 'news';
$syslog_level = 'err';

# Prepend the error message with a timestamp?  This is only relevant if
# not syslogging, when errors go to stderr.
#
# $log_date = 0;  # Zero means don't do it.
# $log_date = 1;  # Non-zero means do it.
$log_date = -t STDOUT; # Do it if STDOUT is to a terminal.

# End of configuration section.


require 5;

use strict;
use vars qw($gpgv $pgp $keyring $tmp $tmpdir $lockdir $syslog_method
            $syslog_facility $syslog_level $log_date $findid $test $messageid);

use Fcntl qw(O_WRONLY O_CREAT O_EXCL);
use FileHandle;
use IPC::Open3 qw(open3);
use POSIX qw(strftime);
use Getopt::Long;

# Check the arguments passed to pgpverify.
# If a syntax error occurs, do not syslog it:  such an error is almost
# certainly from someone running the script manually.
Getopt::Long::Configure('bundling_override');
GetOptions(
  'test'      => sub { $test = 1 },
  'findid=s'  => \$findid
) or die "Usage: $0 [--findid='string'] [--test] < message\n";

# Grab various defaults from INN::Config if running inside INN.
$pgp = $INN::Config::pgp
    if $INN::Config::pgp && $INN::Config::pgp ne "no-pgp-found-during-configure";
$gpgv = $INN::Config::gpgv if $INN::Config::gpgv;
$tmp = ($INN::Config::pathtmp ? $INN::Config::pathtmp : $tmpdir) . "/pgp$$";
$lockdir = $INN::Config::locks if $INN::Config::locks;
$syslog_facility = $INN::Config::syslog_facility if $INN::Config::syslog_facility;
if (! $keyring && $INN::Config::newsetc) {
  $keyring = $INN::Config::newsetc . '/pgp' if -d $INN::Config::newsetc . '/pgp';
}

# Trim /path/to/prog to prog for error messages.
$0 =~ s%^.*/%%;

# Make sure that the signature verification program can be executed.
if ($gpgv) {
  if (! -x $gpgv) {
    &fail("$0: $gpgv: " . (-e _ ? "cannot execute" : "no such file") . "\n");
  }
} elsif (! -x $pgp) {
  &fail("$0: $pgp: " . (-e _ ? "cannot execute" : "no such file") . "\n");
}

# Parse the article headers and generate the PGP message.
my ($nntp_format, $header, $dup) = &parse_header();
exit 1 unless $$header{'X-PGP-Sig'};
my ($message, $signature, $version)
    = &generate_message($nntp_format, $header, $dup);
if ($test) {
  print "-----MESSAGE-----\n$message\n-----END MESSAGE-----\n\n";
  print "-----SIGNATURE-----\n$signature\n-----SIGNATURE-----\n\n";
}

# The call to pgp needs to be locked because it tries to both read and
# write a file named randseed.bin but doesn't do its own locking as it
# should, and the consequences of a multiprocess conflict is failure to
# verify.
my $lock;
unless ($gpgv) {
  $lock = "$lockdir/LOCK.$0";
  until (&shlock($lock) > 0) {
    sleep(2);
  }
}

# Verify the message.
my ($ok, $signer) = pgp_verify($signature, $version, $message);
unless ($gpgv) {
  unlink ($lock) or &errmsg("$0: unlink $lock: $!\n");
}
print "$signer\n" if $signer;
unless ($ok == 0) {
  &errmsg("$0: verification failed\n");
}
exit $ok;


# Parse the article headers and return a flag saying whether the message
# is in NNTP format and then two references to hashes.  The first hash
# contains all the header/value pairs, and the second contains entries for
# every header that's duplicated.  This is, by design, case-sensitive with
# regards to the headers it checks.  It's also insistent about the
# colon-space rule.
sub parse_header {
  my (%header, %dup, $label, $value, $nntp_format);
  while (<>) {
    # If the first header line ends with \r\n, this article is in the
    # encoding it would be in during an NNTP session.  Some article
    # storage managers keep them this way for efficiency.
    $nntp_format = /\r\n$/ if $. == 1;
    s/\r?\n$//;

    last if /^$/;
    if (/^(\S+):[ \t](.+)/) {
      ($label, $value) = ($1, $2);
      $dup{$label} = 1 if $header{$label};
      $header{$label} = $value;
    } elsif (/^\s/) {
      &fail("$0: non-header at line $.: $_\n") unless $label;
      $header{$label} .= "\n$_";
    } else {
      &fail("$0: non-header at line $.: $_\n");
    }
  }
  $messageid = $header{'Message-ID'};
  return ($nntp_format, \%header, \%dup);
}

# Generate the PGP message to verify.  Takes a flag indicating wire
# format, the hash of headers and header duplicates returned by
# parse_header and returns a list of three elements.  The first is the
# message to verify, the second is the signature, and the third is the
# version number.
sub generate_message {
  my ($nntp_format, $header, $dup) = @_;

  # The regexp below might be too strict about the structure of PGP
  # signature lines.

  # The $sep value means the separator between the radix64 signature lines
  # can have any amount of spaces or tabs, but must have at least one
  # space or tab; if there is a newline then the space or tab has to
  # follow the newline.  Any number of newlines can appear as long as each
  # is followed by at least one space or tab.  *phew*
  my $sep = "[ \t]*(\n?[ \t]+)+";

  # Match all of the characters in a radix64 string.
  my $r64 = '[a-zA-Z0-9+/]';

  local $_ = $$header{'X-PGP-Sig'};
  &fail("$0: X-PGP-Sig not in expected format\n")
    unless /^(\S+)$sep(\S+)(($sep$r64{64})+$sep$r64+=?=?$sep=$r64{4})$/;

  my ($version, $signed_headers, $signature) = ($1, $3, $4);
  $signature =~ s/$sep/\n/g;
  $signature =~ s/^\s+//;

  my $message = "X-Signed-Headers: $signed_headers\n";
  my $label;
  foreach $label (split(",", $signed_headers)) {
    &fail("$0: duplicate signed $label header, can't verify\n")
      if $$dup{$label};
    $message .= "$label: ";
    $message .= "$$header{$label}" if $$header{$label};
    $message .= "\n";
  }
  $message .= "\n";             # end of headers

  while (<>) {                  # read body lines
    if ($nntp_format) {
      # Check for end of article; some news servers (eg, Highwind's
      # "Breeze") include the dot-CRLF of the NNTP protocol in the article
      # data passed to this script.
      last if $_ eq ".\r\n";

      # Remove NNTP encoding.
      s/^\.\./\./;
      s/\r\n$/\n/;
    }
    $message .= $_;
  }

  # Strip off all trailing whitespaces for compatibility with the way that
  # pgpverify used to work, using attached signatures.
  $message =~ s/[ \t]+\n/\n/g;

  return ($message, $signature, $version);
}

# Check a detached signature for given data.  Takes a signature block (in
# the form of an ASCII-armored string with embedded newlines), a version
# number (which may be undef), and the message.  We return an exit status
# and the key id if the signature is verified.  0 means good signature, 1
# means bad data, 2 means an unknown signer, 3 means a bad signature, and
# 4 means good signature without having found the argument given to the
# --findid flag.
# In the event of an error, we report with errmsg.
#
# This code is taken almost verbatim from PGP::Sign except for the code to
# figure out the PGP style.
sub pgp_verify {
  my ($signature, $version, $message) = @_;
  chomp $signature;

  # Ignore SIGPIPE, since we're going to be talking to PGP.
  local $SIG{PIPE} = 'IGNORE';

  # Set the PGP style based on whether $gpgv is set.
  my $pgpstyle = ($gpgv ? 'GPG' : 'PGP2');

  # Because this is a detached signature, we actually need to save both
  # the signature and the data to files and then run PGP on the signature
  # file to make it verify the signature.  Because this is a detached
  # signature, though, we don't have to do any data mangling, which makes
  # our lives much easier.  It would be nice to do this without having to
  # use temporary files, but I don't see any way to do so without running
  # into mangling problems.
  #
  # PGP v5 *requires* there be some subheader or another.  *sigh*.  So we
  # supply one if Version isn't given.  :)
  my $umask = umask 077;
  my $filename = $tmpdir . '/pgp' . time . '.' . $$;
  my $sigfile = new FileHandle "$filename.asc", O_WRONLY|O_EXCL|O_CREAT;
  unless ($sigfile) {
    &errmsg ("Unable to open temp file $filename.asc: $!\n");
    return (255, undef);
  }
  if ($pgpstyle eq 'PGP2') {
    print $sigfile "-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----\n";
  } else {
    print $sigfile "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\n";
  }
  if (defined $version) {
    print $sigfile "Version: $version\n";
  } elsif ($pgpstyle ne 'GPG') {
    print $sigfile "Comment: Use GnuPG; it's better :)\n";
  }
  print $sigfile "\n", $signature;
  if ($pgpstyle eq 'PGP2') {
    print $sigfile "\n-----END PGP MESSAGE-----\n";
  } else {
    print $sigfile "\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n";
  }
  close $sigfile;

  # Signature saved.  Now save the actual message.
  my $datafile = new FileHandle "$filename", O_WRONLY|O_EXCL|O_CREAT;
  unless ($datafile) {
    &errmsg ("Unable to open temp file $filename: $!\n");
    unlink "$filename.asc";
    return (255, undef);
  }
  print $datafile $message;
  close $datafile;

  # Figure out what command line we'll be using.
  my @command;
  if ($pgpstyle eq 'GPG') {
    @command = ($gpgv, qw/--quiet --status-fd=1 --logger-fd=1/);
  } else {
    @command = ($pgp, '+batchmode', '+language=en');
  }

  # Now, call PGP to check the signature.  Because we've written
  # everything out to a file, this is actually fairly simple; all we need
  # to do is grab stdout.  PGP prints its banner information to stderr, so
  # just ignore stderr.  Set PGPPATH if desired.
  #
  # For GnuPG, use pubring.gpg if an explicit keyring was configured or
  # found.  Otherwise, use trustedkeys.gpg in the default keyring location
  # if found and non-zero, or fall back on pubring.gpg.  This is
  # definitely not the logic that I would use if writing this from
  # scratch, but it has the most backward compatibility.
  local $ENV{PGPPATH} = $keyring if ($keyring && $pgpstyle ne 'GPG');
  if ($pgpstyle eq 'GPG') {
    if ($keyring) {
      push (@command, "--keyring=$keyring/pubring.gpg");
    } else {
      my $home = $ENV{GNUPGHOME} || $ENV{HOME};
      $home .= '/.gnupg' if $home;
      if ($home && ! -s "$home/trustedkeys.gpg" && -f "$home/pubring.gpg") {
        push (@command, "--keyring=pubring.gpg");
      }
    }
  }
  push (@command, "$filename.asc");
  push (@command, $filename);
  my $input = new FileHandle;
  my $output = new FileHandle;
  my $pid = eval { open3 ($input, $output, $output, @command) };
  if ($@) {
    &errmsg ($@);
    &errmsg ("Execution of $command[0] failed.\n");
    unlink ($filename, "$filename.asc");
    return (255, undef);
  }
  close $input;

  # Check for the message that gives us the key status and return the
  # appropriate thing to our caller.  This part is a zoo due to all of the
  # different formats used.  GPG has finally done the right thing and
  # implemented a separate status stream with parseable data.
  #
  # MIT PGP 2.6.2 and PGP 6.5.2:
  #   Good signature from user "Russ Allbery <rra@stanford.edu>".
  # ViaCrypt PGP 4.0:
  #   Good signature from user:  Russ Allbery <rra@stanford.edu>
  # PGP 5.0:
  #   Good signature made 1999-02-10 03:29 GMT by key:
  #     1024 bits, Key ID 0AFC7476, Created 1999-02-10
  #      "Russ Allbery <rra@stanford.edu>"
  #
  # Also, PGP v2 prints out "Bad signature" while PGP v5 uses "BAD
  # signature", and PGP v6 reverts back to "Bad signature".
  local $_;
  local $/ = '';
  my $signer;
  my $ok = 255;
  while (<$output>) {
    print if $test;
    if ($pgpstyle eq 'GPG') {
      if (/\[GNUPG:\]\s+GOODSIG\s+\S+\s+(\S+)/) {
        $ok = 0;
        $signer = $1;
      } elsif (/\[GNUPG:\]\s+NODATA/ || /\[GNUPG:\]\s+UNEXPECTED/) {
        $ok = 1;
        last;
      } elsif (/\[GNUPG:\]\s+NO_PUBKEY/) {
        $ok = 2;
        last;
      } elsif (/\[GNUPG:\]\s+BADSIG\s+/) {
        $ok = 3;
        last;
      }
    } else {
      if (/^Good signature from user(?::\s+(.*)|\s+\"(.*)\"\.)$/m) {
        $signer = $+;
        $ok = 0;
      } elsif (/^Good signature made .* by key:\n.+\n\s+\"(.*)\"/m) {
        $signer = $1;
        $ok = 0;
      } elsif (/^\S+: Good signature from \"(.*)\"/m) {
        $signer = $1;
        $ok = 0;
      } elsif (/^(?:\S+: )?Bad signature /im) {
        $ok = 3;
        last;
      }
    }
    # If the --findid flag is used, and the signature is good,
    # override the value of the signer with the string specified in
    # the --findid flag.
    if (defined ($findid) and $ok eq 0) {
      $signer = $findid if (/$findid/);
    }
  }
  close $input;
  waitpid ($pid, 0);
  unlink ($filename, "$filename.asc");
  umask $umask;

  if (defined ($findid) and $ok eq 0 and $signer ne $findid) {
    $ok = 4;
  }

  return ($ok, $signer || '');
}

# Log an error message, attempting syslog first based on $syslog_method
# and falling back on stderr.
sub errmsg {
  my ($message) = @_;
  $message =~ s/\n$//;

  my $date = '';
  if ($log_date) {
    $date = strftime ('%Y-%m-%d %T ', localtime);
  }

  if ($syslog_method && $] >= 5.006) {
    eval "use Sys::Syslog";
    $syslog_method = 'internal';
  }

  if ($syslog_method eq "logger") {
    my @loggers = ('/usr/ucb/logger', '/usr/bin/logger',
                   '/usr/local/bin/logger');
    my $try;
    foreach $try (@loggers) {
      if (-x $try) {
        $syslog_method = $try;
        last;
      }
    }
    $syslog_method = '' if $syslog_method eq 'logger';
  }

  if ($syslog_method ne '' && $syslog_method !~ m%/logger$%) {
    eval "use Sys::Syslog";
  }

  if ($@ || $syslog_method eq '') {
    warn $date, "$0: trying to use Perl's syslog: $@\n" if $@;
    warn $date, $message, "\n";
    warn $date, "... while processing $messageid\n"
      if $messageid;

  } else {
    $message .= " processing $messageid"
      if $messageid;

    if ($syslog_method =~ m%/logger$%) {
      unless (system($syslog_method, "-i", "-p",
                     "$syslog_facility.$syslog_level", $message) == 0) {
        if ($? >> 8) {
          warn $date, "$0: $syslog_method exited status ",  $? >>  8, "\n";
        } else {
          warn $date, "$0: $syslog_method died on signal ", $? & 255, "\n";
        }
        $syslog_method = '';
        &errmsg($message);
      }

    } else {
      # setlogsock arrived in Perl 5.004_03 to enable Sys::Syslog to use a
      # Unix domain socket to talk to syslogd, which is the only way to do
      # it when syslog runs with the -l switch.
      if ($syslog_method eq "unix") {
        if ($^O eq "dec_osf" && $] >= 5) {
          eval 'sub Sys::Syslog::_PATH_LOG { "/dev/log" }';
        }
        if ($] <= 5.00403 || ! eval "setlogsock('unix')") {
          warn $date, "$0: cannot use syslog_method 'unix' on this system\n";
          $syslog_method = '';
          &errmsg($message);
          return;
        }
      }

      # Unfortunately, there is no way to definitively know in this
      # program if the message was logged.  I wish there were a way to
      # send a message to stderr if and only if the syslog attempt failed.
      &openlog($0, 'pid', $syslog_facility);
      &syslog($syslog_level, $_[0]);
      &closelog();
    }
  }
}

sub fail {
  &errmsg($_[0]);
  exit 255;
}

# Get a lock in essentially the same fashion as INN's shlock.  return 1 on
# success, 0 for normal failure, -1 for abnormal failure.  "normal
# failure" is that a lock is apparently in use by someone else.
sub shlock {
  my ($file) = @_;
  my ($ltmp, $pid);

  unless (defined(&ENOENT)) {
    eval "require POSIX qw(:errno_h)";
    if ($@) {
      # values taken from BSD/OS 3.1
      sub ENOENT {  2 }
      sub ESRCH  {  3 }
      sub EEXIST { 17 }
    }
  }

  $ltmp = ($file =~ m%(.*/)%)[0] . "shlock$$";

  # This should really attempt to use another temp name.
  -e $ltmp && (unlink($ltmp) || return -1);

  open(LTMP, ">$ltmp") || return -1;
  print LTMP "$$\n" || (unlink($ltmp), return -1);
  close(LTMP) || (unlink($ltmp), return -1);

  if (!link($ltmp, $file)) {
    if ($! == &EEXIST) {
      if (open(LOCK, "<$file")) {
        $pid = <LOCK>;
        if ($pid =~ /^\d+$/ && (kill(0, $pid) == 1 || $! != &ESRCH)) {
          unlink($ltmp);
          return 0;
        }

        # OK, the pid in the lockfile is not a number or no longer exists.
        close(LOCK);            # silent failure is ok here

        # Unlink failed.
        if (unlink($file) != 1 && $! != &ENOENT) {
          unlink($ltmp);
          return 0;
        }

      # Check if open failed for reason other than file no longer present.
      } elsif ($! != &ENOENT) {
        unlink($ltmp);
        return -1;
      }

      # Either this process unlinked the lockfile because it was bogus, or
      # between this process's link() and open() the other process holding
      # the lock unlinked it.  This process can now try to acquire.
      if (! link($ltmp, $file)) {
        unlink($ltmp);
        return $! == &EEXIST ? 0 : -1; # Maybe another proc grabbed the lock.
      }

    } else {                    # First attempt to link failed.
      unlink($ltmp);
      return 0;
    }
  }
  unlink($ltmp);
  return 1;
}

=head1 NAME

pgpverify - Cryptographically verify Usenet control messages

=head1 SYNOPSIS

B<pgpverify> [B<--findid>=I<string>] [B<--test>] < I<message>

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The B<pgpverify> program reads (on standard input) a Usenet control
message that has been cryptographically signed using the B<signcontrol>
program (or some other program that produces a compatible format).
B<pgpverify> then uses a PGP implementation to determine who signed the
control message.  If the control message has a valid signature,
B<pgpverify> prints (to stdout) the user ID of the key that signed the
message.  Otherwise, it exits with a non-zero exit status.

If B<pgpverify> is installed as part of INN, it uses INN's configuration
to determine what signature verification program to use, how to log
errors, what temporary directory to use, and what keyring to use.
Otherwise, all of those parameters can be set by editing the beginning of
this script.

By default, when running as part of INN, B<pgpverify> expects the PGP key
ring to be found in I<pathetc>/pgp (as either F<pubring.pgp> or
F<pubring.gpg> depending on whether PGP or GnuPG is used to verify
signatures).  If that directory doesn't exist, it will fall back on using
the default key ring, which is in a F<.pgp> or F<.gnupg> subdirectory of
the running user's home directory.

INN, when using GnuPG, configures B<pgpverify> to use B<gpgv>, which by
default expects keys to be in a keyring named F<trustedkeys.gpg>, since it
doesn't implement trust checking directly.  B<pgpverify> uses that file if
present but falls back to F<pubring.gpg> if it's not found.  This bypasses
the trust model for checking keys, but is compatible with the way that
B<pgpverify> used to behave.  Of course, if a keyring is found in
I<pathetc>/pgp or configured at the top of the script, that overrides all of
this behavior.

=head1 OPTIONS

=over 4

=item B<--findid>=I<string>

The B<--findid> flag causes B<pgpverify> to explicitly search for
I<string> in the output from PGP's analysis of the message.  This option
is useful when several UIDs are defined on a single PGP key, and the
caller to B<pgpverify> needs checking whether a given one is defined on
this key.  In case the signature is valid but does not contain I<string>,
B<pgpverify> exits with exit status 4.

=item B<--test>

The B<--test> flag causes B<pgpverify> to print out the input that it is
passing to PGP (which is a reconstructed version of the input that
supposedly created the control message) as well as the output from PGP's
analysis of the message.

=back

=head1 EXIT STATUS

B<pgpverify> may exit with the following statuses:

=over 4

=item 0Z<>

The control message had a good PGP signature.

=item 1Z<>

The control message had no PGP signature.

=item 2Z<>

The control message had an unknown PGP signature.

=item 3Z<>

The control message had a bad PGP signature.

=item 4Z<>

The control message had a good PGP signature but the argument given
to the B<--findid> flag had non been found in the output from PGP's
analysis of the message.

=item 255Z<>

A problem occurred not directly related to PGP analysis of signature.

=back

=head1 ENVIRONMENT

B<pgpverify> does not modify or otherwise alter the environment before
invoking the B<pgp> or B<gpgv> program.  It is the responsibility of the
person who installs B<pgpverify> to ensure that when B<pgp> or B<gpgv>
runs, it has the ability to locate and read a PGP key file that contains
the PGP public keys for the appropriate Usenet hierarchy administrators.
B<pgpverify> can be pointed to an appropriate key ring by editing
variables at the beginning of this script.

=head1 NOTES

Historically, Usenet news server administrators have configured their news
servers to automatically honor Usenet control messages based on the
originator of the control messages and the hierarchies for which the
control messages applied.  For example, in the past, David Lawrence always
issued control messages for the S<"Big 8"> hierarchies (comp, humanities,
misc, news, rec, sci, soc, talk).  Usenet news administrators would
configure their news server software to automatically honor newgroup and
rmgroup control messages that originated from David Lawrence and applied
to any of the S<Big 8> hierarchies.

Unfortunately, Usenet news articles (including control messages) are
notoriously easy to forge.  Soon, malicious users realized they could
create or remove (at least temporarily) any S<Big 8> newsgroup they wanted by
simply forging an appropriate control message in David Lawrence's name.
As Usenet became more widely used, forgeries became more common.

The B<pgpverify> program was designed to allow Usenet news administrators
to configure their servers to cryptographically verify control messages
before automatically acting on them.  Under the B<pgpverify> system, a Usenet
hierarchy maintainer creates a PGP public/private key pair and
disseminates the public key.  Whenever the hierarchy maintainer issues a
control message, he uses the B<signcontrol> program to sign the control
message with the PGP private key.  Usenet news administrators configure
their news servers to run the B<pgpverify> program on the appropriate
control messages, and take action based on the PGP key User ID that signed
the control message, not the name and address that appear in the control
message's From: or Sender: headers.

Thus, appropriate use of the B<signcontrol> and B<pgpverify> programs
essentially eliminates the possibility of malicious users forging Usenet
control messages that sites will act upon, as such users would have to
obtain the PGP private key in order to forge a control message that would
pass the cryptographic verification step.  If the hierarchy administrators
properly protect their PGP private keys, the only way a malicious user
could forge a validly-signed control message would be by breaking the
public key encryption algorithm, which (at least at this time) is believed
to be prohibitively difficult for PGP keys of a sufficient bit length.

=head1 HISTORY

B<pgpverify> was written by David C Lawrence <tale@isc.org>.  Manual page
provided by James Ralston.  It is currently maintained by Russ Allbery
<eagle@eyrie.org>.

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

David Lawrence wrote:  "Our lawyer told me to include the following.  The
upshot of it is that you can use the software for free as much as you
like."

Copyright (c) 1996 UUNET Technologies, Inc.
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:

=over 4

=item 1.

Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

=item 2.

Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

=item 3.

All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must
display the following acknowledgement:

  This product includes software developed by UUNET Technologies, Inc.

=item 4.

The name of UUNET Technologies ("UUNET") may not be used to endorse or
promote products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.

=back

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY UUNET "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN
NO EVENT SHALL UUNET BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

=head1 SEE ALSO

gpgv(1), pgp(1).

L<ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/> is where the most recent versions of
B<signcontrol> and B<pgpverify> live, along with PGP public keys used for
hierarchy administration.

=cut

# Local variables:
# cperl-indent-level: 2
# fill-column: 74
# End: