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<!--Copyright (C) 1988-2005 by the Institute of Global Environment and Society (IGES). See file COPYRIGHT for more information.-->

<html>
<head>
<title>Page Control in GrADS</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="e0f0ff" text="#000000">

<h2><b>Page Control in GrADS</b></h2>
<p>

<h3><a name="real">Real and virtual pages</a></h3>
<p>
The "real" page is an 8.5x11 page in the landscape or portrait
orientation.  The orientation is specified when you first startup <a
href="gradcomdgrads.html">grads</a>. The graphics output window is a
representation of the real page on your computer screen. The graphics
window can be any size at all. You can set the dimensions explicitly
(in pixel coordinates) using the <a href="gradcomdsetxsize.html">set
xsize</a> command, or you can simply resize the graphics window using
your mouse. When it comes time to print the contents of the graphics
window to a real page, the screen coordinates (in pixels) will be
scaled so the graphics will fit in the real page in the same way they
fit in the graphics window.
<p>
The "virtual" page is a page-within-a-page that fits within the limits
of the real page. By default, the virtual page is the same as the real
page, so that real page coordinates are exactly the same as virtual
page coordinates. All graphics are drawn on the virtual page. The
limits of the virtual page may be changed by using the following
command:

<p>
<ul>
<code>
<a href="gradcomdsetvpage.html">set vpage</a> <i>xmin xmax ymin ymax</i>
</code>
</ul>

<p>
After entering a <a href="gradcomdsetvpage.html"><code>set
vpage</code></a> command, GrADS will return the size of the virtual
page in inches. Any arguments to graphics commands that require page
coordinates in inches are to be given in virtual page
coordinates. For example, to draw a plot in the lower left quadrant 
of the real page, use the following command:
<p>
<ul>
<code><a href="gradcomdsetvpage.html">set vpage</a> 0 5.5 0 4.25</code>
</ul>

<p>
GrADS will return the following virtual page dimensions: 

<p>
<ul>
<code>Virtual page size = 11 8.5</code>
</ul>

<p>
If the virtual page has the same aspect ratio as the real page, Grads 
will give it the same dimensions as the real page -- in this case the virtual page is a mini version of an 11"x8.5" page. Here's another example where the virtual page is a centered square: 

<p>
<ul>
<code><a href="gradcomdsetvpage.html">set vpage</a> 4 7 2.75 5.75</code>
</ul>

<p>
GrADS will return the following virtual page dimensions: 

<p>
<ul>
<code>Virtual page size = 8.5 8.5</code>
</ul>

<p>
On the <i>real page</i> the plot will be within a 3" square, but on
the <i>virtual page</i> in Grads the plot will be within an 8.5"
square. Remember that any arguments to graphics commands that require
page coordinates in inches are to be given in virtual page
coordinates.

<p>
To return to the default state where the virtual page equals the
real page, enter:
<p>
<ul>
<a href="gradcomdsetvpage.html"><code>set vpage off</code></a>
</ul>

<p>
<h3><a name="plotarea">Controlling the plot area</a></h3>
<p>
It is possible to control the area within the virtual page where GrADS
draws contour plots, maps, or line graphs. The command is:
<p>
<ul>
<code>
<a href="gradcomdsetparea.html">set parea</a> <i>xmin xmax ymin ymax</i>
</code>
</ul>

<p>
This area does not include axis labels, titles, color bars, etc., so
be sure to provide for adequate margins in order to see these
features. Note that the plot area is specified in terms of virtual
page units.

<p>
GrADS chooses an appropriate default plotting area depending on
the type of graphics output. To return to this default, enter:

<p>
<ul>
<code><a href="gradcomdsetparea.html">set parea</a> off</code>
</ul>

<p>
Line graphs and contour plots that don't contain a map will be scaled
to fill the entire plot area. Any plot that contains a map projection
will be scaled to fit within the plotting area while maintaining a
correct lat/lon aspect ratio. Thus, the map may not fill the entire
plotting area except under certain lat/lon ranges.  This feature may
be turned off by setting the map projection to "scaled". See the
reference page for <a href="gradcomdsetmproj.html">set mproj</a> for
additional map projection options.

<p>
<h3><a name="multipanel">Drawing Multi-Panel Plots</a></h3>

<p>
For drawing multi-panel plots, use <a
href="gradcomdsetvpage.html"><code>set vpage</code></a> to define
several virtual pages that fit within the limits of the real page. 
Virtual pages may overlap.
The sample script called 
<a href="ftp://cola.gmu.edu/grads/scripts/panels_demo.gs">
<code>panels_demo.gs</code></a> demonstrates how to set up virtual
page coordinates for a multi-panel plot with a specified number of
rows and columns. It uses a <a href="gsf.html">GrADS script function</a>
called <a href="ftp://cola.gmu.edu/grads/scripts/panels.gsf">
<code>panels.gsf</code></a>. 

<p>
If you want to place a label or some other graphic element in each panel, 
the position is given in virtual page coordinates. These coordinates
will be the same no matter which panel you're in. This makes it easy
to shift the labels in one direction or another to accomodate the
graphics.

<p>
Do not use <a href="gradcomdsetparea.html"><code>set parea</code></a>
to draw multiple plots on one page. That is not what
<code>parea</code> was designed for.  It is far better (and easier!) to
use the <a href="gradcomdsetvpage.html"><code>set vpage</code></a>
command as described above.


</body>
</html>

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