/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mysql/utilities/common/table.py is in mysql-utilities 1.6.1-2.
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# Copyright (c) 2010, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
#
"""
This module contains abstractions of a MySQL table and an index.
"""
import multiprocessing
import sys
from itertools import izip
from mysql.utilities.exception import UtilError, UtilDBError
from mysql.connector.conversion import MySQLConverter
from mysql.utilities.common.format import print_list
from mysql.utilities.common.database import Database
from mysql.utilities.common.lock import Lock
from mysql.utilities.common.server import Server
from mysql.utilities.common.sql_transform import (convert_special_characters,
quote_with_backticks,
remove_backtick_quoting,
is_quoted_with_backticks)
# Constants
_MAXPACKET_SIZE = 1024 * 1024
_MAXBULK_VALUES = 25000
_MAXTHREADS_INSERT = 6
_MAXROWS_PER_THREAD = 100000
_MAXAVERAGE_CALC = 100
_FOREIGN_KEY_QUERY = """
SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA,
REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME, REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = '%s' AND TABLE_NAME = '%s' AND
REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA IS NOT NULL
"""
class Index(object):
"""
The Index class encapsulates an index for a given table as defined by
the output of SHOW INDEXES FROM. The class has the following
capabilities:
- Check for duplicates
- Create DROP statement for index
- Print index CREATE statement
"""
def __init__(self, db, index_tuple, verbose=False):
"""Constructor
db[in] Name of database
index_tuple[in] A tuple from the get_tbl_indexes() result set
verbose[in] print extra data during operations (optional)
default value = False
"""
# Initialize and save values
self.db = db
self.q_db = quote_with_backticks(db)
self.verbose = verbose
self.columns = []
self.table = index_tuple[0]
self.q_table = quote_with_backticks(index_tuple[0])
self.unique = not int(index_tuple[1])
self.name = index_tuple[2]
self.q_name = quote_with_backticks(index_tuple[2])
col = (index_tuple[4], index_tuple[7])
self.columns.append(col)
self.accept_nulls = True if index_tuple[9] else False
self.type = index_tuple[10]
self.compared = False # mark as compared for speed
self.duplicate_of = None # saves duplicate index
if index_tuple[7] > 0:
self.column_subparts = True # check subparts e.g. a(20)
else:
self.column_subparts = False
@staticmethod
def __cmp_columns(col_a, col_b):
"""Compare two columns on name and subpart lengths if present
col_a[in] First column to compare
col_b[in] Second column to compare
Returns True if col_a has the same name as col_b and if the
subparts are col_a.sub <= col_b.sub.
"""
sz_this = col_a[1]
sz_that = col_b[1]
# if column has the same name
if col_a[0] == col_b[0]:
# if they both have sub_parts, compare them
if sz_this and sz_that:
if sz_this <= sz_that:
return True
else:
return False
# if this index has a sub_part and the other does
# not, it is potentially redundant
elif sz_this and sz_that is None:
return True
# if neither have sub_parts, it is a match
elif sz_this is None and sz_that is None:
return True
else:
return False # no longer a duplicate
def __check_column_list(self, index):
"""Compare the column list of this index with another
index[in] Instance of Index to compare
Returns True if column list is a subset of index.
"""
num_cols_this = len(self.columns)
num_cols_that = len(index.columns)
same_size = num_cols_this == num_cols_that
if self.type == "BTREE":
indexes = izip(self.columns, index.columns)
for idx_pair in indexes:
if not self.__cmp_columns(*idx_pair):
return False
# All index pairs are the same, so return index with smaller number
# of columns.
return num_cols_this <= num_cols_that
else: # HASH, RTREE, FULLTEXT
if self.type != "FULLTEXT":
# For RTREE or HASH type indexes, an index is redundant if
# it has the exact same columns on the exact same order.
indexes = izip(self.columns, index.columns)
return (same_size and
all((self.__cmp_columns(*idx_pair)
for idx_pair in indexes)))
else: # FULLTEXT index
# A FULLTEXT index A is redundant of FULLTEXT index B if
# the columns of A are a subset of B's columns, the order
# does not matter.
return all(any(self.__cmp_columns(col, icol) for
icol in index.columns) for col in self.columns)
def is_duplicate(self, index):
"""Compare this index with another
index[in] Instance of Index to compare
Returns True if this index is a subset of the Index presented.
"""
# Don't compare the same index - no two indexes can have the same name
if self.name == index.name:
return False
else:
return self.__check_column_list(index)
def contains_columns(self, col_names):
"""Check if the current index contains the columns of the given index.
Returns True if it contains all the columns of the given index,
otherwise False.
"""
if len(self.columns) < len(col_names):
# If has less columns than given index it does not contain all.
return False
else:
this_col_names = [col[0] for col in self.columns]
# Check if all index column are included in current one..
for col_name in col_names:
if col_name not in this_col_names:
return False # found one column not included.
# Pass previous verification; contains all the columns of given index.
return True
def add_column(self, column, sub_part, accept_null):
"""Add a column to the list of columns for this index
column[in] Column to add
sub_part[in] Sub part of colunm e.g. a(20)
accept_null[in] True to indicate the column accepts nulls
"""
col = (column, sub_part)
if sub_part > 0:
self.column_subparts = True
if accept_null:
self.accept_nulls = True
self.columns.append(col)
def get_drop_statement(self):
"""Get the drop statement for this index
Note: Ignores PRIMARY key indexes.
Returns the DROP statement for this index.
"""
if self.name == "PRIMARY":
return None
query_str = "ALTER TABLE {db}.{table} DROP INDEX {name}".format(
db=self.q_db, table=self.q_table, name=self.q_name
)
return query_str
def get_remove_columns_statement(self, col_names):
"""Get the ALTER TABLE statement to remove columns for this index.
col_names[in] list of columns names to remove from the index.
Returns the ALTER TABLE statement (DROP/ADD) to remove the given
columns names from the index.
"""
# Create the new columns list for the index.
idx_cols = [col[0] for col in self.columns if col[0] not in col_names]
if not idx_cols:
# Return a DROP statement if no columns are left.
query_str = "ALTER TABLE {db}.{table} DROP INDEX {name}".format(
db=self.q_db, table=self.q_table, name=self.q_name
)
else:
# Otherwise, return a DROP/ADD statement with remaining columns.
idx_cols_str = ', '.join(idx_cols)
query_str = ("ALTER TABLE {db}.{table} DROP INDEX {name}, "
"ADD INDEX {name} ({cols})".format(db=self.q_db,
table=self.q_table,
name=self.q_name,
cols=idx_cols_str))
return query_str
def __get_column_list(self, backtick_quoting=True):
"""Get the column list for an index
This method is used to print the CREATE and DROP statements.
backtick_quoting[in] Indicates if the columns names are to be quoted
with backticks or not. By default: True.
Returns a string representing the list of columns for a
column list. e.g. 'a, b(10), c'
"""
col_list = []
for col in self.columns:
name, sub_part = (col[0], col[1])
if backtick_quoting:
name = quote_with_backticks(name)
if sub_part > 0:
col_str = "{0}({1})".format(name, sub_part)
else:
col_str = name
col_list.append(col_str)
return ', '.join(col_list)
def print_index_sql(self):
"""Print the CREATE INDEX for indexes and ALTER TABLE for a primary key
"""
if self.name == "PRIMARY":
print("ALTER TABLE {db}.{table} ADD PRIMARY KEY ({cols})"
"".format(db=self.q_db, table=self.q_table,
cols=self.__get_column_list()))
else:
create_str = ("CREATE {unique}{fulltext}INDEX {name} ON "
"{db}.{table} ({cols}) {using}")
unique_str = 'UNIQUE ' if self.unique else ''
fulltext_str = 'FULLTEXT ' if self.type == 'FULLTEXT' else ''
if (self.type == "BTREE") or (self.type == "RTREE"):
using_str = 'USING {0}'.format(self.type)
else:
using_str = ''
print(create_str.format(unique=unique_str, fulltext=fulltext_str,
name=self.q_name, db=self.q_db,
table=self.q_table,
cols=self.__get_column_list(),
using=using_str))
def get_row(self, verbosity=0):
"""Return index information as a list of columns for tabular output.
"""
cols = self.__get_column_list(backtick_quoting=False)
if verbosity > 0:
return (self.db, self.table, self.name, self.type, self.unique,
self.accept_nulls, cols)
return (self.db, self.table, self.name, self.type, cols)
class Table(object):
"""
The Table class encapsulates a table for a given database. The class
has the following capabilities:
- Check to see if the table exists
- Check indexes for duplicates and redundancies
- Print list of indexes for the table
- Extract table data
- Import table data
- Copy table data
"""
def __init__(self, server1, name, options=None):
"""Constructor
server[in] A Server object
name[in] Name of table in the form (db.table)
options[in] options for class: verbose, quiet, get_cols,
quiet If True, do not print information messages
verbose print extra data during operations (optional)
(default is False)
get_cols If True, get the column metadata on construction
(default is False)
"""
if options is None:
options = {}
self.verbose = options.get('verbose', False)
self.quiet = options.get('quiet', False)
self.server = server1
# Keep table identifier considering backtick quotes
if is_quoted_with_backticks(name):
self.q_table = name
self.q_db_name, self.q_tbl_name = Database.parse_object_name(name)
self.db_name = remove_backtick_quoting(self.q_db_name)
self.tbl_name = remove_backtick_quoting(self.q_tbl_name)
self.table = ".".join([self.db_name, self.tbl_name])
else:
self.table = name
self.db_name, self.tbl_name = Database.parse_object_name(name)
self.q_db_name = quote_with_backticks(self.db_name)
self.q_tbl_name = quote_with_backticks(self.tbl_name)
self.q_table = ".".join([self.q_db_name, self.q_tbl_name])
self.obj_type = "TABLE"
self.pri_idx = None
# We store each type of index in a separate list to make it easier
# to manipulate
self.btree_indexes = []
self.hash_indexes = []
self.rtree_indexes = []
self.fulltext_indexes = []
self.unique_not_null_indexes = None
self.text_columns = []
self.blob_columns = []
self.column_format = None
self.column_names = []
self.column_name_type = []
self.q_column_names = []
self.indexes_q_names = []
if options.get('get_cols', False):
self.get_column_metadata()
self.dest_vals = None
self.storage_engine = None
# Get max allowed packet
res = self.server.exec_query("SELECT @@session.max_allowed_packet")
if res:
self.max_packet_size = res[0][0]
else:
self.max_packet_size = _MAXPACKET_SIZE
# Watch for invalid values
if self.max_packet_size > _MAXPACKET_SIZE:
self.max_packet_size = _MAXPACKET_SIZE
self._insert = "INSERT INTO %s.%s VALUES "
self.query_options = { # Used for skipping fetch of rows
'fetch': False
}
def exists(self, tbl_name=None):
"""Check to see if the table exists
tbl_name[in] table name (db.table)
(optional) If omitted, operation is performed
on the class instance table name.
return True = table exists, False = table does not exist
"""
db, table = (None, None)
if tbl_name:
db, table = Database.parse_object_name(tbl_name)
else:
db = self.db_name
table = self.tbl_name
res = self.server.exec_query("SELECT TABLE_NAME " +
"FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES " +
"WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = '%s'" % db +
" and TABLE_NAME = '%s'" % table)
return (res is not None and len(res) >= 1)
def get_column_metadata(self, columns=None):
"""Get information about the table for the bulk insert operation.
This method builds lists that describe the metadata of the table. This
includes lists for:
column names
column format for building VALUES clause
blob fields - for use in generating INSERT/UPDATE for blobs
text fields - for use in checking for single quotes
columns[in] if None, use EXPLAIN else use column list.
"""
if columns is None:
columns = self.server.exec_query("explain %s" % self.q_table)
stop = len(columns)
self.column_names = []
self.q_column_names = []
col_format_values = [''] * stop
if columns is not None:
for col in range(0, stop):
if is_quoted_with_backticks(columns[col][0]):
self.column_names.append(
remove_backtick_quoting(columns[col][0]))
self.q_column_names.append(columns[col][0])
else:
self.column_names.append(columns[col][0])
self.q_column_names.append(
quote_with_backticks(columns[col][0]))
col_type = columns[col][1].lower()
if ('char' in col_type or 'enum' in col_type
or 'set' in col_type or 'binary' in col_type):
self.text_columns.append(col)
col_format_values[col] = "'%s'"
elif 'blob' in col_type or 'text'in col_type:
self.blob_columns.append(col)
col_format_values[col] = "%s"
elif "date" in col_type or "time" in col_type:
col_format_values[col] = "'%s'"
else:
col_format_values[col] = "%s"
self.column_format = "%s%s%s" % \
(" (", ', '.join(col_format_values), ")")
def get_col_names(self, quote_backticks=False):
"""Get column names for the export operation.
quote_backticks[in] If True the column names will be quoted with
backticks. Default is False.
Return (list) column names
"""
if self.column_format is None:
self.column_names = []
self.q_column_names = []
rows = self.server.exec_query("explain {0}".format(self.q_table))
for row in rows:
self.column_names.append(row[0])
self.q_column_names.append(quote_with_backticks(row[0]))
return self.q_column_names if quote_backticks else self.column_names
def get_col_names_types(self, quote_backticks=False):
"""Get a list of tuples of column name and type.
quote_backticks[in] If True the column name will be quoted with
backticks. Default is False.
Return (list) of touple (column name, type)
"""
self.column_name_type = []
rows = self.server.exec_query("explain {0}".format(self.q_table))
for row in rows:
if quote_backticks:
self.column_name_type.append(
[quote_with_backticks(row[0])] + list(row[1:])
)
else:
self.column_name_type.append(row)
return self.column_name_type
def has_index(self, index_q_name):
"""A method to determine if this table has a determinate index using
his name.
index_q_name[in] the name of the index (must be quoted).
returns True if this Table has an index with the given name, otherwise
false.
"""
if [idx_q_name for idx_q_name in self.indexes_q_names
if idx_q_name == index_q_name]:
return True
return False
def get_not_null_unique_indexes(self, refresh=False):
"""get all the unique indexes which columns does not accepts null
values.
refresh[in] Boolean value used to force the method to read index
information directly from the server, instead of using
cached values.
Returns list of indexes.
"""
# First check if the instance variable exists.
if self.unique_not_null_indexes is None or refresh:
# Get the indexes for the table.
try:
self.get_indexes()
except UtilDBError:
# Table may not exist yet. Happens on import operations.
pass
# Now for each of them, check if they are UNIQUE and NOT NULL.
no_null_idxes = []
no_null_idxes.extend(
[idx for idx in self.btree_indexes if not idx.accept_nulls and
idx.unique]
)
no_null_idxes.extend(
[idx for idx in self.hash_indexes if not idx.accept_nulls and
idx.unique]
)
no_null_idxes.extend(
[idx for idx in self.rtree_indexes if not idx.accept_nulls and
idx.unique]
)
no_null_idxes.extend(
[idx for idx in self.fulltext_indexes if not idx.accept_nulls
and idx.unique]
)
self.unique_not_null_indexes = no_null_idxes
return self.unique_not_null_indexes
def _build_update_blob(self, row, new_db, name):
"""Build an UPDATE statement to update blob fields.
row[in] a row to process
new_db[in] new database name
name[in] name of the table
Returns UPDATE string
"""
if self.column_format is None:
self.get_column_metadata()
blob_insert = "UPDATE %s.%s SET " % (new_db, name)
where_values = []
do_commas = False
has_data = False
stop = len(row)
for col in range(0, stop):
col_name = self.q_column_names[col]
if col in self.blob_columns:
if row[col] is not None and len(row[col]) > 0:
if do_commas:
blob_insert += ", "
blob_insert += "%s = " % col_name + "%s" % \
MySQLConverter().quote(
convert_special_characters(row[col]))
has_data = True
do_commas = True
else:
# Convert None values to NULL (not '' to NULL)
if row[col] is None:
value = 'NULL'
else:
value = "'{0}'".format(row[col])
where_values.append("{0} = {1}".format(col_name, value))
if has_data:
return "{0} WHERE {1};".format(blob_insert,
" AND ".join(where_values))
return None
def _build_insert_blob(self, row, new_db, tbl_name):
"""Build an INSERT statement for the given row.
row[in] a row to process
new_db[in] new database name
tbl_name[in] name of the table
Returns INSERT string.
"""
if self.column_format is None:
self.get_column_metadata()
converter = MySQLConverter()
row_vals = []
# Deal with blob, special characters and NULL values.
for index, column in enumerate(row):
if index in self.blob_columns:
row_vals.append(converter.quote(
convert_special_characters(column)))
elif index in self.text_columns:
if column is None:
row_vals.append("NULL")
else:
row_vals.append(convert_special_characters(column))
else:
if column is None:
row_vals.append("NULL")
else:
row_vals.append(column)
# Create the insert statement.
insert_stm = ("INSERT INTO {0}.{1} VALUES {2};"
"".format(new_db, tbl_name,
self.column_format % tuple(row_vals)))
# Replace 'NULL' occurrences with NULL values.
insert_stm = insert_stm.replace("'NULL'", "NULL")
return insert_stm
def get_column_string(self, row, new_db, skip_blobs=False):
"""Return a formatted list of column data.
row[in] a row to process
new_db[in] new database name
skip_blobs[in] boolean value, if True, blob columns are skipped
Returns (string) column list
"""
if self.column_format is None:
self.get_column_metadata()
blob_inserts = []
values = list(row)
is_blob_insert = False
# find if we have some unique column indexes
unique_indexes = len(self.get_not_null_unique_indexes())
# If all columns are blobs or there aren't any UNIQUE NOT NULL indexes
# then rows won't be correctly copied using the update statement,
# so we must use insert statements instead.
if not skip_blobs and (len(self.blob_columns) == len(self.column_names)
or self.blob_columns and not unique_indexes):
blob_inserts.append(self._build_insert_blob(row, new_db,
self.q_tbl_name))
is_blob_insert = True
else:
# Find blobs
if self.blob_columns:
# Save blob updates for later...
blob = self._build_update_blob(row, new_db, self.q_tbl_name)
if blob is not None:
blob_inserts.append(blob)
for col in self.blob_columns:
values[col] = "NULL"
if not is_blob_insert:
# Replace single quotes located in the value for a text field with
# the correct special character escape sequence. This fixes SQL
# errors related to using single quotes in a string value that is
# single quoted. For example, 'this' is it' is changed to
# 'this\' is it'.
for col in self.text_columns:
#Check if the value is not None before replacing quotes
if values[col]:
# Apply escape sequences to special characters
values[col] = convert_special_characters(values[col])
# Build string (add quotes to "string" like types)
val_str = self.column_format % tuple(values)
# Change 'None' occurrences with "NULL"
val_str = val_str.replace(", None", ", NULL")
val_str = val_str.replace("(None", "(NULL")
val_str = val_str.replace(", 'None'", ", NULL")
val_str = val_str.replace("('None'", "(NULL")
else:
val_str = None
return val_str, blob_inserts
def make_bulk_insert(self, rows, new_db, columns_names=None,
skip_blobs=False):
"""Create bulk insert statements for the data
Reads data from a table (rows) and builds group INSERT statements for
bulk inserts.
Note: This method does not print any information to stdout.
rows[in] a list of rows to process
new_db[in] new database name
skip_blobs[in] boolean value, if True, blob columns are skipped
Returns (tuple) - (bulk insert statements, blob data inserts)
"""
if self.column_format is None:
self.get_column_metadata()
data_inserts = []
blob_inserts = []
row_count = 0
data_size = 0
val_str = None
for row in rows:
if row_count == 0:
if columns_names:
insert_str = "INSERT INTO {0}.{1} ({2}) VALUES ".format(
new_db, self.q_tbl_name, ", ".join(columns_names)
)
else:
insert_str = self._insert % (new_db, self.q_tbl_name)
if val_str:
row_count += 1
insert_str += val_str
data_size = len(insert_str)
col_data = self.get_column_string(row, new_db, skip_blobs)
if len(col_data[1]) > 0:
blob_inserts.extend(col_data[1])
if col_data[0]:
val_str = col_data[0]
row_size = len(val_str)
next_size = data_size + row_size + 3
if ((row_count >= _MAXBULK_VALUES) or
(next_size > (int(self.max_packet_size) - 512))):
# add to buffer
data_inserts.append(insert_str)
row_count = 0
else:
row_count += 1
if row_count > 1:
insert_str += ", "
insert_str += val_str
data_size += row_size + 3
if row_count > 0:
data_inserts.append(insert_str)
return data_inserts, blob_inserts
def get_storage_engine(self):
"""Get the storage engine (in UPPERCASE) for the table.
Returns the name in UPPERCASE of the storage engine use for the table
or None if the information is not found.
"""
self.server.exec_query("USE {0}".format(self.q_db_name),
self.query_options)
res = self.server.exec_query(
"SHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE name = '{0}'".format(self.tbl_name)
)
try:
# Return store engine converted to UPPER cases.
return res[0][1].upper() if res[0][1] else None
except IndexError:
# Return None if table status information is not available.
return None
def get_segment_size(self, num_conn=1):
"""Get the segment size based on number of connections (threads).
num_conn[in] Number of threads(connections) to use
Default = 1 (one large segment)
Returns (int) segment_size
Note: if num_conn <= 1 - returns number of rows
"""
# Get number of rows
num_rows = 0
try:
res = self.server.exec_query("USE %s" % self.q_db_name,
self.query_options)
except:
pass
res = self.server.exec_query("SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE '%s'" %
self.tbl_name)
if res:
num_rows = int(res[0][4])
if num_conn <= 1:
return num_rows
# Calculate number of threads and segment size to fetch
thread_limit = num_conn
if thread_limit > _MAXTHREADS_INSERT:
thread_limit = _MAXTHREADS_INSERT
if num_rows > (_MAXROWS_PER_THREAD * thread_limit):
max_threads = thread_limit
else:
max_threads = int(num_rows / _MAXROWS_PER_THREAD)
if max_threads == 0:
max_threads = 1
if max_threads > 1 and self.verbose:
print "# Using multi-threaded insert option. Number of " \
"threads = %d." % max_threads
return (num_rows / max_threads) + max_threads
def _bulk_insert(self, rows, new_db, destination=None):
"""Import data using bulk insert
Reads data from a table and builds group INSERT statements for writing
to the destination server specified (new_db.name).
This method is designed to be used in a thread for parallel inserts.
As such, it requires its own connection to the destination server.
Note: This method does not print any information to stdout.
rows[in] a list of rows to process
new_db[in] new database name
destination[in] the destination server
"""
if self.dest_vals is None:
self.dest_vals = self.get_dest_values(destination)
# Spawn a new connection
server_options = {
'conn_info': self.dest_vals,
'role': "thread",
}
dest = Server(server_options)
dest.connect()
# Test if SQL_MODE is 'NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES' in the destination server
if dest.select_variable("SQL_MODE") == "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES":
# Change temporarily the SQL_MODE in the destination server
dest.exec_query("SET @@SESSION.SQL_MODE=''")
# Issue the write lock
lock_list = [("%s.%s" % (new_db, self.q_tbl_name), 'WRITE')]
my_lock = Lock(dest, lock_list, {'locking': 'lock-all', })
# First, turn off foreign keys if turned on
dest.disable_foreign_key_checks(True)
if self.column_format is None:
self.get_column_metadata()
data_lists = self.make_bulk_insert(rows, new_db)
insert_data = data_lists[0]
blob_data = data_lists[1]
# Insert the data first
for data_insert in insert_data:
try:
dest.exec_query(data_insert, self.query_options)
except UtilError, e:
raise UtilError("Problem inserting data. "
"Error = %s" % e.errmsg)
# Now insert the blob data if there is any
for blob_insert in blob_data:
try:
dest.exec_query(blob_insert, self.query_options)
except UtilError, e:
raise UtilError("Problem updating blob field. "
"Error = %s" % e.errmsg)
# Now, turn on foreign keys if they were on at the start
dest.disable_foreign_key_checks(False)
my_lock.unlock()
del dest
def insert_rows(self, rows, new_db, destination=None, spawn=False):
"""Insert rows in the table using bulk copy.
This method opens a new connect to the destination server to insert
the data with a bulk copy. If spawn is True, the method spawns a new
process and returns it. This allows for using a multi-threaded insert
which can be faster on some platforms. If spawn is False, the method
will open a new connection to insert the data.
num_conn[in] Number of threads(connections) to use for insert
rows[in] List of rows to insert
new_db[in] Rename the db to this name
destination[in] Destination server
Default = None (copy to same server)
spawn[in] If True, spawn a new process for the insert
Default = False
Returns If spawn == True, process
If spawn == False, None
"""
if self.column_format is None:
self.get_column_metadata()
if self.dest_vals is None:
self.dest_vals = self.get_dest_values(destination)
proc = None
if spawn:
proc = multiprocessing.Process(target=self._bulk_insert,
args=(rows, new_db, destination))
else:
self._bulk_insert(rows, new_db, destination)
return proc
def _clone_data(self, new_db):
"""Clone table data.
This method will copy all of the data for a table
from the old database to the new database on the same server.
new_db[in] New database name for the table
"""
query_str = "INSERT INTO %s.%s SELECT * FROM %s.%s" % \
(new_db, self.q_tbl_name, self.q_db_name, self.q_tbl_name)
if self.verbose and not self.quiet:
print query_str
# Disable foreign key checks to allow data to be copied without running
# into foreign key referential integrity issues
self.server.disable_foreign_key_checks(True)
self.server.exec_query(query_str)
self.server.disable_foreign_key_checks(False)
def copy_data(self, destination, cloning=False, new_db=None,
connections=1):
"""Retrieve data from a table and copy to another server and database.
Reads data from a table and inserts the correct INSERT statements into
the file provided.
Note: if connections < 1 - retrieve the data one row at-a-time
destination[in] Destination server
cloning[in] If True, we are copying on the same server
new_db[in] Rename the db to this name
connections[in] Number of threads(connections) to use for insert
"""
if new_db is None:
new_db = self.q_db_name
else:
# If need quote new_db identifier with backticks
if not is_quoted_with_backticks(new_db):
new_db = quote_with_backticks(new_db)
num_conn = int(connections)
if cloning:
self._clone_data(new_db)
else:
# Read and copy the data
pthreads = []
for rows in self.retrieve_rows(num_conn):
p = self.insert_rows(rows, new_db, destination, num_conn > 1)
if p is not None:
p.start()
pthreads.append(p)
if num_conn > 1:
# Wait for all threads to finish
for p in pthreads:
p.join()
def retrieve_rows(self, num_conn=1):
"""Retrieve the table data in rows.
This method can be used to retrieve rows from a table as a generator
specifying how many rows to retrieve at one time (segment_size is
calculated based on number of rows / number of connections).
Note: if num_conn < 1 - retrieve the data one row at-a-time
num_conn[in] Number of threads(connections) to use
Default = 1 (one large segment)
Returns (yield) row data
"""
if num_conn > 1:
# Only get the segment size when needed.
segment_size = self.get_segment_size(num_conn)
# Execute query to get all of the data
cur = self.server.exec_query("SELECT * FROM {0}".format(self.q_table),
self.query_options)
while True:
rows = None
if num_conn < 1:
rows = []
row = cur.fetchone()
if row is None:
raise StopIteration()
rows.append(row)
#print "ROWS 1:", rows
elif num_conn == 1:
rows = cur.fetchall()
#print "ROWS 2:", rows
yield rows
raise StopIteration()
else:
rows = cur.fetchmany(segment_size)
if not rows:
raise StopIteration()
#print "ROWS 3:", rows
if rows is None:
raise StopIteration()
yield rows
cur.close()
def get_dest_values(self, destination=None):
"""Get the destination connection values if not already set.
destination[in] Connection values for destination server
Returns connection values for destination if set or self.server
"""
# Get connection to database
if destination is None:
conn_val = {
"host": self.server.host,
"user": self.server.user,
"passwd": self.server.passwd,
"unix_socket": self.server.socket,
"port": self.server.port
}
else:
conn_val = {
"host": destination.host,
"user": destination.user,
"passwd": destination.passwd,
"unix_socket": destination.socket,
"port": destination.port
}
return conn_val
def get_tbl_indexes(self):
"""Return a result set containing all indexes for a given table
Returns result set
"""
res = self.server.exec_query("SHOW INDEXES FROM %s" % self.q_table)
return res
def get_tbl_foreign_keys(self):
"""Return a result set containing all foreign keys for the table
Returns result set
"""
res = self.server.exec_query(_FOREIGN_KEY_QUERY % (self.db_name,
self.tbl_name))
return res
@staticmethod
def __append(indexes, index):
"""Encapsulated append() method to ensure the primary key index
is placed at the front of the list.
"""
# Put the primary key first so that it can be compared to all indexes
if index.name == "PRIMARY":
indexes.insert(0, index)
else:
indexes.append(index)
@staticmethod
def __check_index(index, indexes, master_list):
"""Check a single index for duplicate or redundancy against a list
of other Indexes.
index[in] The Index to compare
indexes[in] A list of Index instances to compare
master_list[in] A list of know duplicate Index instances
Returns a tuple of whether duplicates are found and if found the
list of duplicate indexes for this table
"""
duplicates_found = False
duplicate_list = []
if indexes and index:
for idx in indexes:
if index == idx:
continue
# Don't compare b == a when a == b has already occurred
if not index.compared and idx.is_duplicate(index):
# make sure we haven't already found this match
if not idx.column_subparts:
idx.compared = True
if idx not in master_list:
duplicates_found = True
# PRIMARY key can be identified as redundant of an
# unique index with more columns, in that case always
# mark the other as the duplicate.
if idx.name == "PRIMARY":
index.duplicate_of = idx
duplicate_list.append(index)
else:
idx.duplicate_of = index
duplicate_list.append(idx)
return (duplicates_found, duplicate_list)
def __check_index_list(self, indexes):
"""Check a list of Index instances for duplicates.
indexes[in] A list of Index instances to compare
Returns a tuple of whether duplicates are found and if found the
list of duplicate indexes for this table
"""
duplicates_found = False
duplicate_list = []
# Caller must ensure there are at least 2 elements in the list.
if len(indexes) < 2:
return (False, None)
for index in indexes:
res = self.__check_index(index, indexes, duplicate_list)
if res[0]:
duplicates_found = True
duplicate_list.extend(res[1])
return (duplicates_found, duplicate_list)
def __check_clustered_index_list(self, indexes):
""" Check for indexes containing the clustered index from the list.
indexes[in] list of indexes instances to check.
Returns the list of indexes that contain the clustered index or
None (if none found).
"""
redundant_indexes = []
if not self.pri_idx:
self.get_primary_index()
pri_idx_cols = [col[0] for col in self.pri_idx]
for index in indexes:
if index.name == 'PRIMARY':
# Skip primary key.
continue
elif index.contains_columns(pri_idx_cols):
redundant_indexes.append(index)
return redundant_indexes if redundant_indexes else []
def _get_index_list(self):
"""Get the list of indexes for a table.
Returns list containing indexes.
"""
rows = self.get_tbl_indexes()
return rows
def get_primary_index(self):
"""Retrieve the primary index columns for this table.
"""
pri_idx = []
rows = self.server.exec_query("EXPLAIN {0}".format(self.q_table))
# Return False if no indexes found.
if not rows:
return pri_idx
for row in rows:
if row[3] == 'PRI':
pri_idx.append(row)
self.pri_idx = pri_idx
return pri_idx
def get_column_explanation(self, column_name):
"""Retrieve the explain description for the given column.
"""
column_exp = []
rows = self.server.exec_query("EXPLAIN {0}".format(self.q_table))
# Return False if no indexes found.
if not rows:
return column_exp
for row in rows:
if row[0] == column_name:
column_exp.append(row)
return column_exp
def get_indexes(self):
"""Retrieve the indexes from the server and load them into lists
based on type.
Returns True - table has indexes, False - table has no indexes
"""
self.btree_indexes = []
self.hash_indexes = []
self.rtree_indexes = []
self.fulltext_indexes = []
self.indexes_q_names = []
if self.verbose:
print "# Getting indexes for %s" % (self.table)
rows = self._get_index_list()
# Return False if no indexes found.
if not rows:
return False
idx = None
prev_name = ""
for row in rows:
if (row[2] != prev_name) or (prev_name == ""):
prev_name = row[2]
idx = Index(self.db_name, row)
if idx.type == "BTREE":
self.__append(self.btree_indexes, idx)
elif idx.type == "HASH":
self.__append(self.hash_indexes, idx)
elif idx.type == "RTREE":
self.__append(self.rtree_indexes, idx)
else:
self.__append(self.fulltext_indexes, idx)
elif idx:
idx.add_column(row[4], row[7], row[9])
self.indexes_q_names.append(quote_with_backticks(row[2]))
return True
def check_indexes(self, show_drops=False):
"""Check for duplicate or redundant indexes and display all matches
show_drops[in] (optional) If True the DROP statements are printed
Note: You must call get_indexes() prior to calling this method. If
get_indexes() is not called, no duplicates will be found.
"""
dupes = []
res = self.__check_index_list(self.btree_indexes)
# if there are duplicates, add them to the dupes list
if res[0]:
dupes.extend(res[1])
res = self.__check_index_list(self.hash_indexes)
# if there are duplicates, add them to the dupes list
if res[0]:
dupes.extend(res[1])
res = self.__check_index_list(self.rtree_indexes)
# if there are duplicates, add them to the dupes list
if res[0]:
dupes.extend(res[1])
res = self.__check_index_list(self.fulltext_indexes)
# if there are duplicates, add them to the dupes list
if res[0]:
dupes.extend(res[1])
# Check if secondary keys contains the clustered index (i.e. Primary
# key). In InnoDB, each record in a secondary index contains the
# primary key columns. Therefore the use of keys that include the
# primary key might be redundant.
redundant_idxs = []
if not self.storage_engine:
self.storage_engine = self.get_storage_engine()
if self.storage_engine == 'INNODB':
all_indexes = self.btree_indexes
all_indexes.extend(self.hash_indexes)
all_indexes.extend(self.rtree_indexes)
all_indexes.extend(self.fulltext_indexes)
redundant_idxs = self.__check_clustered_index_list(all_indexes)
# Print duplicate and redundant keys on composite indexes.
if len(dupes) > 0:
plural_1, verb_conj, plural_2 = (
('', 'is a', '') if len(dupes) == 1 else ('es', 'are', 's')
)
print("# The following index{0} {1} duplicate{2} or redundant "
"for table {3}:".format(plural_1, verb_conj, plural_2,
self.table))
for index in dupes:
print("#")
index.print_index_sql()
print("# may be redundant or duplicate of:")
index.duplicate_of.print_index_sql()
if show_drops:
print("#\n# DROP statement{0}:\n#".format(plural_2))
for index in dupes:
print("{0};".format(index.get_drop_statement()))
print("#")
# Print redundant indexes containing clustered key.
if redundant_idxs:
plural, verb_conj, plural_2 = (
('', 's', '') if len(redundant_idxs) == 1 else ('es', '', 's')
)
print("# The following index{0} for table {1} contain{2} the "
"clustered index and might be redundant:".format(plural,
self.table,
verb_conj))
for index in redundant_idxs:
print("#")
index.print_index_sql()
if show_drops:
print("#\n# DROP/ADD statement{0}:\n#".format(plural_2))
# Get columns from primary key to be removed.
pri_idx_cols = [col[0] for col in self.pri_idx]
for index in redundant_idxs:
print("{0};".format(
index.get_remove_columns_statement(pri_idx_cols)
))
print("#")
if not self.quiet and not dupes and not redundant_idxs:
print("# Table {0} has no duplicate nor redundant "
"indexes.".format(self.table))
def show_special_indexes(self, fmt, limit, best=False):
"""Display a list of the best or worst queries for this table.
This shows the best (first n) or worst (last n) performing queries
for a given table.
fmt[in] format out output = sql, table, tab, csv
limit[in] number to limit the display
best[in] (optional) if True, print best performing indexes
if False, print worst performing indexes
"""
_QUERY = """
SELECT
t.TABLE_SCHEMA AS `db`, t.TABLE_NAME AS `table`,
s.INDEX_NAME AS `index name`, s.COLUMN_NAME AS `field name`,
s.SEQ_IN_INDEX `seq in index`, s2.max_columns AS `# cols`,
s.CARDINALITY AS `card`, t.TABLE_ROWS AS `est rows`,
ROUND(((s.CARDINALITY / IFNULL(
IF(t.TABLE_ROWS < s.CARDINALITY, s.CARDINALITY, t.TABLE_ROWS),
0.01)) * 100), 2) AS `sel_percent`
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS s
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES t
ON s.TABLE_SCHEMA = t.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND s.TABLE_NAME = t.TABLE_NAME
INNER JOIN (
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, INDEX_NAME,
MAX(SEQ_IN_INDEX) AS max_columns
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = %s AND TABLE_NAME = %s
AND INDEX_NAME != 'PRIMARY'
GROUP BY TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, INDEX_NAME
) AS s2
ON s.TABLE_SCHEMA = s2.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND s.TABLE_NAME = s2.TABLE_NAME
AND s.INDEX_NAME = s2.INDEX_NAME
WHERE t.TABLE_SCHEMA != 'mysql'
AND t.TABLE_ROWS > 10 /* Only tables with some rows */
AND s.CARDINALITY IS NOT NULL
AND (s.CARDINALITY / IFNULL(
IF(t.TABLE_ROWS < s.CARDINALITY, s.CARDINALITY, t.TABLE_ROWS),
0.01)) <= 1.00
ORDER BY `sel_percent`
"""
query_options = {
'params': (self.db_name, self.tbl_name,)
}
rows = []
idx_type = "best"
if not best:
idx_type = "worst"
if best:
rows = self.server.exec_query(_QUERY + "DESC LIMIT %s" % limit,
query_options)
else:
rows = self.server.exec_query(_QUERY + "LIMIT %s" % limit,
query_options)
if rows:
print("#")
if limit == 1:
print("# Showing the {0} performing index from "
"{1}:".format(idx_type, self.table))
else:
print("# Showing the top {0} {1} performing indexes from "
"{2}:".format(limit, idx_type, self.table))
print("#")
cols = ("database", "table", "name", "column", "sequence",
"num columns", "cardinality", "est. rows", "percent")
print_list(sys.stdout, fmt, cols, rows)
else:
print("# WARNING: Not enough data to calculate "
"best/worst indexes.")
@staticmethod
def __print_index_list(indexes, fmt, no_header=False, verbosity=0):
"""Print the list of indexes
indexes[in] list of indexes to print
fmt[in] format out output = sql, table, tab, csv
no_header[in] (optional) if True, do not print the header
"""
if fmt == "sql":
for index in indexes:
index.print_index_sql()
else:
if verbosity > 0:
cols = ("database", "table", "name", "type", "unique",
"accepts nulls", "columns")
else:
cols = ("database", "table", "name", "type", "columns")
rows = []
for index in indexes:
rows.append(index.get_row(verbosity))
print_list(sys.stdout, fmt, cols, rows, no_header)
def print_indexes(self, fmt, verbosity):
"""Print all indexes for this table
fmt[in] format out output = sql, table, tab, csv
"""
print "# Showing indexes from %s:\n#" % (self.table)
if fmt == "sql":
self.__print_index_list(self.btree_indexes, fmt,
verbosity=verbosity)
self.__print_index_list(self.hash_indexes, fmt, False,
verbosity=verbosity)
self.__print_index_list(self.rtree_indexes, fmt, False,
verbosity=verbosity)
self.__print_index_list(self.fulltext_indexes, fmt, False,
verbosity=verbosity)
else:
master_indexes = []
master_indexes.extend(self.btree_indexes)
master_indexes.extend(self.hash_indexes)
master_indexes.extend(self.rtree_indexes)
master_indexes.extend(self.fulltext_indexes)
self.__print_index_list(master_indexes, fmt,
verbosity=verbosity)
print "#"
def has_primary_key(self):
"""Check to see if there is a primary key.
Returns bool - True - a primary key was found,
False - no primary key.
"""
primary_key = False
rows = self._get_index_list()
for row in rows:
if row[2] == "PRIMARY":
primary_key = True
return primary_key
def has_unique_key(self):
"""Check to see if there is a unique key.
Returns bool - True - a unique key was found,
False - no unique key.
"""
unique_key = False
rows = self._get_index_list()
for row in rows:
if row[1] == '0':
unique_key = True
return unique_key
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