/usr/share/doc/ffmpeg/manual/ffplay-all.html is in ffmpeg-doc 7:2.8.6-1ubuntu2.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
4989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5009
5010
5011
5012
5013
5014
5015
5016
5017
5018
5019
5020
5021
5022
5023
5024
5025
5026
5027
5028
5029
5030
5031
5032
5033
5034
5035
5036
5037
5038
5039
5040
5041
5042
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5048
5049
5050
5051
5052
5053
5054
5055
5056
5057
5058
5059
5060
5061
5062
5063
5064
5065
5066
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5073
5074
5075
5076
5077
5078
5079
5080
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
5087
5088
5089
5090
5091
5092
5093
5094
5095
5096
5097
5098
5099
5100
5101
5102
5103
5104
5105
5106
5107
5108
5109
5110
5111
5112
5113
5114
5115
5116
5117
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5130
5131
5132
5133
5134
5135
5136
5137
5138
5139
5140
5141
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5147
5148
5149
5150
5151
5152
5153
5154
5155
5156
5157
5158
5159
5160
5161
5162
5163
5164
5165
5166
5167
5168
5169
5170
5171
5172
5173
5174
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5180
5181
5182
5183
5184
5185
5186
5187
5188
5189
5190
5191
5192
5193
5194
5195
5196
5197
5198
5199
5200
5201
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5207
5208
5209
5210
5211
5212
5213
5214
5215
5216
5217
5218
5219
5220
5221
5222
5223
5224
5225
5226
5227
5228
5229
5230
5231
5232
5233
5234
5235
5236
5237
5238
5239
5240
5241
5242
5243
5244
5245
5246
5247
5248
5249
5250
5251
5252
5253
5254
5255
5256
5257
5258
5259
5260
5261
5262
5263
5264
5265
5266
5267
5268
5269
5270
5271
5272
5273
5274
5275
5276
5277
5278
5279
5280
5281
5282
5283
5284
5285
5286
5287
5288
5289
5290
5291
5292
5293
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5300
5301
5302
5303
5304
5305
5306
5307
5308
5309
5310
5311
5312
5313
5314
5315
5316
5317
5318
5319
5320
5321
5322
5323
5324
5325
5326
5327
5328
5329
5330
5331
5332
5333
5334
5335
5336
5337
5338
5339
5340
5341
5342
5343
5344
5345
5346
5347
5348
5349
5350
5351
5352
5353
5354
5355
5356
5357
5358
5359
5360
5361
5362
5363
5364
5365
5366
5367
5368
5369
5370
5371
5372
5373
5374
5375
5376
5377
5378
5379
5380
5381
5382
5383
5384
5385
5386
5387
5388
5389
5390
5391
5392
5393
5394
5395
5396
5397
5398
5399
5400
5401
5402
5403
5404
5405
5406
5407
5408
5409
5410
5411
5412
5413
5414
5415
5416
5417
5418
5419
5420
5421
5422
5423
5424
5425
5426
5427
5428
5429
5430
5431
5432
5433
5434
5435
5436
5437
5438
5439
5440
5441
5442
5443
5444
5445
5446
5447
5448
5449
5450
5451
5452
5453
5454
5455
5456
5457
5458
5459
5460
5461
5462
5463
5464
5465
5466
5467
5468
5469
5470
5471
5472
5473
5474
5475
5476
5477
5478
5479
5480
5481
5482
5483
5484
5485
5486
5487
5488
5489
5490
5491
5492
5493
5494
5495
5496
5497
5498
5499
5500
5501
5502
5503
5504
5505
5506
5507
5508
5509
5510
5511
5512
5513
5514
5515
5516
5517
5518
5519
5520
5521
5522
5523
5524
5525
5526
5527
5528
5529
5530
5531
5532
5533
5534
5535
5536
5537
5538
5539
5540
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
5547
5548
5549
5550
5551
5552
5553
5554
5555
5556
5557
5558
5559
5560
5561
5562
5563
5564
5565
5566
5567
5568
5569
5570
5571
5572
5573
5574
5575
5576
5577
5578
5579
5580
5581
5582
5583
5584
5585
5586
5587
5588
5589
5590
5591
5592
5593
5594
5595
5596
5597
5598
5599
5600
5601
5602
5603
5604
5605
5606
5607
5608
5609
5610
5611
5612
5613
5614
5615
5616
5617
5618
5619
5620
5621
5622
5623
5624
5625
5626
5627
5628
5629
5630
5631
5632
5633
5634
5635
5636
5637
5638
5639
5640
5641
5642
5643
5644
5645
5646
5647
5648
5649
5650
5651
5652
5653
5654
5655
5656
5657
5658
5659
5660
5661
5662
5663
5664
5665
5666
5667
5668
5669
5670
5671
5672
5673
5674
5675
5676
5677
5678
5679
5680
5681
5682
5683
5684
5685
5686
5687
5688
5689
5690
5691
5692
5693
5694
5695
5696
5697
5698
5699
5700
5701
5702
5703
5704
5705
5706
5707
5708
5709
5710
5711
5712
5713
5714
5715
5716
5717
5718
5719
5720
5721
5722
5723
5724
5725
5726
5727
5728
5729
5730
5731
5732
5733
5734
5735
5736
5737
5738
5739
5740
5741
5742
5743
5744
5745
5746
5747
5748
5749
5750
5751
5752
5753
5754
5755
5756
5757
5758
5759
5760
5761
5762
5763
5764
5765
5766
5767
5768
5769
5770
5771
5772
5773
5774
5775
5776
5777
5778
5779
5780
5781
5782
5783
5784
5785
5786
5787
5788
5789
5790
5791
5792
5793
5794
5795
5796
5797
5798
5799
5800
5801
5802
5803
5804
5805
5806
5807
5808
5809
5810
5811
5812
5813
5814
5815
5816
5817
5818
5819
5820
5821
5822
5823
5824
5825
5826
5827
5828
5829
5830
5831
5832
5833
5834
5835
5836
5837
5838
5839
5840
5841
5842
5843
5844
5845
5846
5847
5848
5849
5850
5851
5852
5853
5854
5855
5856
5857
5858
5859
5860
5861
5862
5863
5864
5865
5866
5867
5868
5869
5870
5871
5872
5873
5874
5875
5876
5877
5878
5879
5880
5881
5882
5883
5884
5885
5886
5887
5888
5889
5890
5891
5892
5893
5894
5895
5896
5897
5898
5899
5900
5901
5902
5903
5904
5905
5906
5907
5908
5909
5910
5911
5912
5913
5914
5915
5916
5917
5918
5919
5920
5921
5922
5923
5924
5925
5926
5927
5928
5929
5930
5931
5932
5933
5934
5935
5936
5937
5938
5939
5940
5941
5942
5943
5944
5945
5946
5947
5948
5949
5950
5951
5952
5953
5954
5955
5956
5957
5958
5959
5960
5961
5962
5963
5964
5965
5966
5967
5968
5969
5970
5971
5972
5973
5974
5975
5976
5977
5978
5979
5980
5981
5982
5983
5984
5985
5986
5987
5988
5989
5990
5991
5992
5993
5994
5995
5996
5997
5998
5999
6000
6001
6002
6003
6004
6005
6006
6007
6008
6009
6010
6011
6012
6013
6014
6015
6016
6017
6018
6019
6020
6021
6022
6023
6024
6025
6026
6027
6028
6029
6030
6031
6032
6033
6034
6035
6036
6037
6038
6039
6040
6041
6042
6043
6044
6045
6046
6047
6048
6049
6050
6051
6052
6053
6054
6055
6056
6057
6058
6059
6060
6061
6062
6063
6064
6065
6066
6067
6068
6069
6070
6071
6072
6073
6074
6075
6076
6077
6078
6079
6080
6081
6082
6083
6084
6085
6086
6087
6088
6089
6090
6091
6092
6093
6094
6095
6096
6097
6098
6099
6100
6101
6102
6103
6104
6105
6106
6107
6108
6109
6110
6111
6112
6113
6114
6115
6116
6117
6118
6119
6120
6121
6122
6123
6124
6125
6126
6127
6128
6129
6130
6131
6132
6133
6134
6135
6136
6137
6138
6139
6140
6141
6142
6143
6144
6145
6146
6147
6148
6149
6150
6151
6152
6153
6154
6155
6156
6157
6158
6159
6160
6161
6162
6163
6164
6165
6166
6167
6168
6169
6170
6171
6172
6173
6174
6175
6176
6177
6178
6179
6180
6181
6182
6183
6184
6185
6186
6187
6188
6189
6190
6191
6192
6193
6194
6195
6196
6197
6198
6199
6200
6201
6202
6203
6204
6205
6206
6207
6208
6209
6210
6211
6212
6213
6214
6215
6216
6217
6218
6219
6220
6221
6222
6223
6224
6225
6226
6227
6228
6229
6230
6231
6232
6233
6234
6235
6236
6237
6238
6239
6240
6241
6242
6243
6244
6245
6246
6247
6248
6249
6250
6251
6252
6253
6254
6255
6256
6257
6258
6259
6260
6261
6262
6263
6264
6265
6266
6267
6268
6269
6270
6271
6272
6273
6274
6275
6276
6277
6278
6279
6280
6281
6282
6283
6284
6285
6286
6287
6288
6289
6290
6291
6292
6293
6294
6295
6296
6297
6298
6299
6300
6301
6302
6303
6304
6305
6306
6307
6308
6309
6310
6311
6312
6313
6314
6315
6316
6317
6318
6319
6320
6321
6322
6323
6324
6325
6326
6327
6328
6329
6330
6331
6332
6333
6334
6335
6336
6337
6338
6339
6340
6341
6342
6343
6344
6345
6346
6347
6348
6349
6350
6351
6352
6353
6354
6355
6356
6357
6358
6359
6360
6361
6362
6363
6364
6365
6366
6367
6368
6369
6370
6371
6372
6373
6374
6375
6376
6377
6378
6379
6380
6381
6382
6383
6384
6385
6386
6387
6388
6389
6390
6391
6392
6393
6394
6395
6396
6397
6398
6399
6400
6401
6402
6403
6404
6405
6406
6407
6408
6409
6410
6411
6412
6413
6414
6415
6416
6417
6418
6419
6420
6421
6422
6423
6424
6425
6426
6427
6428
6429
6430
6431
6432
6433
6434
6435
6436
6437
6438
6439
6440
6441
6442
6443
6444
6445
6446
6447
6448
6449
6450
6451
6452
6453
6454
6455
6456
6457
6458
6459
6460
6461
6462
6463
6464
6465
6466
6467
6468
6469
6470
6471
6472
6473
6474
6475
6476
6477
6478
6479
6480
6481
6482
6483
6484
6485
6486
6487
6488
6489
6490
6491
6492
6493
6494
6495
6496
6497
6498
6499
6500
6501
6502
6503
6504
6505
6506
6507
6508
6509
6510
6511
6512
6513
6514
6515
6516
6517
6518
6519
6520
6521
6522
6523
6524
6525
6526
6527
6528
6529
6530
6531
6532
6533
6534
6535
6536
6537
6538
6539
6540
6541
6542
6543
6544
6545
6546
6547
6548
6549
6550
6551
6552
6553
6554
6555
6556
6557
6558
6559
6560
6561
6562
6563
6564
6565
6566
6567
6568
6569
6570
6571
6572
6573
6574
6575
6576
6577
6578
6579
6580
6581
6582
6583
6584
6585
6586
6587
6588
6589
6590
6591
6592
6593
6594
6595
6596
6597
6598
6599
6600
6601
6602
6603
6604
6605
6606
6607
6608
6609
6610
6611
6612
6613
6614
6615
6616
6617
6618
6619
6620
6621
6622
6623
6624
6625
6626
6627
6628
6629
6630
6631
6632
6633
6634
6635
6636
6637
6638
6639
6640
6641
6642
6643
6644
6645
6646
6647
6648
6649
6650
6651
6652
6653
6654
6655
6656
6657
6658
6659
6660
6661
6662
6663
6664
6665
6666
6667
6668
6669
6670
6671
6672
6673
6674
6675
6676
6677
6678
6679
6680
6681
6682
6683
6684
6685
6686
6687
6688
6689
6690
6691
6692
6693
6694
6695
6696
6697
6698
6699
6700
6701
6702
6703
6704
6705
6706
6707
6708
6709
6710
6711
6712
6713
6714
6715
6716
6717
6718
6719
6720
6721
6722
6723
6724
6725
6726
6727
6728
6729
6730
6731
6732
6733
6734
6735
6736
6737
6738
6739
6740
6741
6742
6743
6744
6745
6746
6747
6748
6749
6750
6751
6752
6753
6754
6755
6756
6757
6758
6759
6760
6761
6762
6763
6764
6765
6766
6767
6768
6769
6770
6771
6772
6773
6774
6775
6776
6777
6778
6779
6780
6781
6782
6783
6784
6785
6786
6787
6788
6789
6790
6791
6792
6793
6794
6795
6796
6797
6798
6799
6800
6801
6802
6803
6804
6805
6806
6807
6808
6809
6810
6811
6812
6813
6814
6815
6816
6817
6818
6819
6820
6821
6822
6823
6824
6825
6826
6827
6828
6829
6830
6831
6832
6833
6834
6835
6836
6837
6838
6839
6840
6841
6842
6843
6844
6845
6846
6847
6848
6849
6850
6851
6852
6853
6854
6855
6856
6857
6858
6859
6860
6861
6862
6863
6864
6865
6866
6867
6868
6869
6870
6871
6872
6873
6874
6875
6876
6877
6878
6879
6880
6881
6882
6883
6884
6885
6886
6887
6888
6889
6890
6891
6892
6893
6894
6895
6896
6897
6898
6899
6900
6901
6902
6903
6904
6905
6906
6907
6908
6909
6910
6911
6912
6913
6914
6915
6916
6917
6918
6919
6920
6921
6922
6923
6924
6925
6926
6927
6928
6929
6930
6931
6932
6933
6934
6935
6936
6937
6938
6939
6940
6941
6942
6943
6944
6945
6946
6947
6948
6949
6950
6951
6952
6953
6954
6955
6956
6957
6958
6959
6960
6961
6962
6963
6964
6965
6966
6967
6968
6969
6970
6971
6972
6973
6974
6975
6976
6977
6978
6979
6980
6981
6982
6983
6984
6985
6986
6987
6988
6989
6990
6991
6992
6993
6994
6995
6996
6997
6998
6999
7000
7001
7002
7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012
7013
7014
7015
7016
7017
7018
7019
7020
7021
7022
7023
7024
7025
7026
7027
7028
7029
7030
7031
7032
7033
7034
7035
7036
7037
7038
7039
7040
7041
7042
7043
7044
7045
7046
7047
7048
7049
7050
7051
7052
7053
7054
7055
7056
7057
7058
7059
7060
7061
7062
7063
7064
7065
7066
7067
7068
7069
7070
7071
7072
7073
7074
7075
7076
7077
7078
7079
7080
7081
7082
7083
7084
7085
7086
7087
7088
7089
7090
7091
7092
7093
7094
7095
7096
7097
7098
7099
7100
7101
7102
7103
7104
7105
7106
7107
7108
7109
7110
7111
7112
7113
7114
7115
7116
7117
7118
7119
7120
7121
7122
7123
7124
7125
7126
7127
7128
7129
7130
7131
7132
7133
7134
7135
7136
7137
7138
7139
7140
7141
7142
7143
7144
7145
7146
7147
7148
7149
7150
7151
7152
7153
7154
7155
7156
7157
7158
7159
7160
7161
7162
7163
7164
7165
7166
7167
7168
7169
7170
7171
7172
7173
7174
7175
7176
7177
7178
7179
7180
7181
7182
7183
7184
7185
7186
7187
7188
7189
7190
7191
7192
7193
7194
7195
7196
7197
7198
7199
7200
7201
7202
7203
7204
7205
7206
7207
7208
7209
7210
7211
7212
7213
7214
7215
7216
7217
7218
7219
7220
7221
7222
7223
7224
7225
7226
7227
7228
7229
7230
7231
7232
7233
7234
7235
7236
7237
7238
7239
7240
7241
7242
7243
7244
7245
7246
7247
7248
7249
7250
7251
7252
7253
7254
7255
7256
7257
7258
7259
7260
7261
7262
7263
7264
7265
7266
7267
7268
7269
7270
7271
7272
7273
7274
7275
7276
7277
7278
7279
7280
7281
7282
7283
7284
7285
7286
7287
7288
7289
7290
7291
7292
7293
7294
7295
7296
7297
7298
7299
7300
7301
7302
7303
7304
7305
7306
7307
7308
7309
7310
7311
7312
7313
7314
7315
7316
7317
7318
7319
7320
7321
7322
7323
7324
7325
7326
7327
7328
7329
7330
7331
7332
7333
7334
7335
7336
7337
7338
7339
7340
7341
7342
7343
7344
7345
7346
7347
7348
7349
7350
7351
7352
7353
7354
7355
7356
7357
7358
7359
7360
7361
7362
7363
7364
7365
7366
7367
7368
7369
7370
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7376
7377
7378
7379
7380
7381
7382
7383
7384
7385
7386
7387
7388
7389
7390
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395
7396
7397
7398
7399
7400
7401
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7414
7415
7416
7417
7418
7419
7420
7421
7422
7423
7424
7425
7426
7427
7428
7429
7430
7431
7432
7433
7434
7435
7436
7437
7438
7439
7440
7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
7448
7449
7450
7451
7452
7453
7454
7455
7456
7457
7458
7459
7460
7461
7462
7463
7464
7465
7466
7467
7468
7469
7470
7471
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7477
7478
7479
7480
7481
7482
7483
7484
7485
7486
7487
7488
7489
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
7497
7498
7499
7500
7501
7502
7503
7504
7505
7506
7507
7508
7509
7510
7511
7512
7513
7514
7515
7516
7517
7518
7519
7520
7521
7522
7523
7524
7525
7526
7527
7528
7529
7530
7531
7532
7533
7534
7535
7536
7537
7538
7539
7540
7541
7542
7543
7544
7545
7546
7547
7548
7549
7550
7551
7552
7553
7554
7555
7556
7557
7558
7559
7560
7561
7562
7563
7564
7565
7566
7567
7568
7569
7570
7571
7572
7573
7574
7575
7576
7577
7578
7579
7580
7581
7582
7583
7584
7585
7586
7587
7588
7589
7590
7591
7592
7593
7594
7595
7596
7597
7598
7599
7600
7601
7602
7603
7604
7605
7606
7607
7608
7609
7610
7611
7612
7613
7614
7615
7616
7617
7618
7619
7620
7621
7622
7623
7624
7625
7626
7627
7628
7629
7630
7631
7632
7633
7634
7635
7636
7637
7638
7639
7640
7641
7642
7643
7644
7645
7646
7647
7648
7649
7650
7651
7652
7653
7654
7655
7656
7657
7658
7659
7660
7661
7662
7663
7664
7665
7666
7667
7668
7669
7670
7671
7672
7673
7674
7675
7676
7677
7678
7679
7680
7681
7682
7683
7684
7685
7686
7687
7688
7689
7690
7691
7692
7693
7694
7695
7696
7697
7698
7699
7700
7701
7702
7703
7704
7705
7706
7707
7708
7709
7710
7711
7712
7713
7714
7715
7716
7717
7718
7719
7720
7721
7722
7723
7724
7725
7726
7727
7728
7729
7730
7731
7732
7733
7734
7735
7736
7737
7738
7739
7740
7741
7742
7743
7744
7745
7746
7747
7748
7749
7750
7751
7752
7753
7754
7755
7756
7757
7758
7759
7760
7761
7762
7763
7764
7765
7766
7767
7768
7769
7770
7771
7772
7773
7774
7775
7776
7777
7778
7779
7780
7781
7782
7783
7784
7785
7786
7787
7788
7789
7790
7791
7792
7793
7794
7795
7796
7797
7798
7799
7800
7801
7802
7803
7804
7805
7806
7807
7808
7809
7810
7811
7812
7813
7814
7815
7816
7817
7818
7819
7820
7821
7822
7823
7824
7825
7826
7827
7828
7829
7830
7831
7832
7833
7834
7835
7836
7837
7838
7839
7840
7841
7842
7843
7844
7845
7846
7847
7848
7849
7850
7851
7852
7853
7854
7855
7856
7857
7858
7859
7860
7861
7862
7863
7864
7865
7866
7867
7868
7869
7870
7871
7872
7873
7874
7875
7876
7877
7878
7879
7880
7881
7882
7883
7884
7885
7886
7887
7888
7889
7890
7891
7892
7893
7894
7895
7896
7897
7898
7899
7900
7901
7902
7903
7904
7905
7906
7907
7908
7909
7910
7911
7912
7913
7914
7915
7916
7917
7918
7919
7920
7921
7922
7923
7924
7925
7926
7927
7928
7929
7930
7931
7932
7933
7934
7935
7936
7937
7938
7939
7940
7941
7942
7943
7944
7945
7946
7947
7948
7949
7950
7951
7952
7953
7954
7955
7956
7957
7958
7959
7960
7961
7962
7963
7964
7965
7966
7967
7968
7969
7970
7971
7972
7973
7974
7975
7976
7977
7978
7979
7980
7981
7982
7983
7984
7985
7986
7987
7988
7989
7990
7991
7992
7993
7994
7995
7996
7997
7998
7999
8000
8001
8002
8003
8004
8005
8006
8007
8008
8009
8010
8011
8012
8013
8014
8015
8016
8017
8018
8019
8020
8021
8022
8023
8024
8025
8026
8027
8028
8029
8030
8031
8032
8033
8034
8035
8036
8037
8038
8039
8040
8041
8042
8043
8044
8045
8046
8047
8048
8049
8050
8051
8052
8053
8054
8055
8056
8057
8058
8059
8060
8061
8062
8063
8064
8065
8066
8067
8068
8069
8070
8071
8072
8073
8074
8075
8076
8077
8078
8079
8080
8081
8082
8083
8084
8085
8086
8087
8088
8089
8090
8091
8092
8093
8094
8095
8096
8097
8098
8099
8100
8101
8102
8103
8104
8105
8106
8107
8108
8109
8110
8111
8112
8113
8114
8115
8116
8117
8118
8119
8120
8121
8122
8123
8124
8125
8126
8127
8128
8129
8130
8131
8132
8133
8134
8135
8136
8137
8138
8139
8140
8141
8142
8143
8144
8145
8146
8147
8148
8149
8150
8151
8152
8153
8154
8155
8156
8157
8158
8159
8160
8161
8162
8163
8164
8165
8166
8167
8168
8169
8170
8171
8172
8173
8174
8175
8176
8177
8178
8179
8180
8181
8182
8183
8184
8185
8186
8187
8188
8189
8190
8191
8192
8193
8194
8195
8196
8197
8198
8199
8200
8201
8202
8203
8204
8205
8206
8207
8208
8209
8210
8211
8212
8213
8214
8215
8216
8217
8218
8219
8220
8221
8222
8223
8224
8225
8226
8227
8228
8229
8230
8231
8232
8233
8234
8235
8236
8237
8238
8239
8240
8241
8242
8243
8244
8245
8246
8247
8248
8249
8250
8251
8252
8253
8254
8255
8256
8257
8258
8259
8260
8261
8262
8263
8264
8265
8266
8267
8268
8269
8270
8271
8272
8273
8274
8275
8276
8277
8278
8279
8280
8281
8282
8283
8284
8285
8286
8287
8288
8289
8290
8291
8292
8293
8294
8295
8296
8297
8298
8299
8300
8301
8302
8303
8304
8305
8306
8307
8308
8309
8310
8311
8312
8313
8314
8315
8316
8317
8318
8319
8320
8321
8322
8323
8324
8325
8326
8327
8328
8329
8330
8331
8332
8333
8334
8335
8336
8337
8338
8339
8340
8341
8342
8343
8344
8345
8346
8347
8348
8349
8350
8351
8352
8353
8354
8355
8356
8357
8358
8359
8360
8361
8362
8363
8364
8365
8366
8367
8368
8369
8370
8371
8372
8373
8374
8375
8376
8377
8378
8379
8380
8381
8382
8383
8384
8385
8386
8387
8388
8389
8390
8391
8392
8393
8394
8395
8396
8397
8398
8399
8400
8401
8402
8403
8404
8405
8406
8407
8408
8409
8410
8411
8412
8413
8414
8415
8416
8417
8418
8419
8420
8421
8422
8423
8424
8425
8426
8427
8428
8429
8430
8431
8432
8433
8434
8435
8436
8437
8438
8439
8440
8441
8442
8443
8444
8445
8446
8447
8448
8449
8450
8451
8452
8453
8454
8455
8456
8457
8458
8459
8460
8461
8462
8463
8464
8465
8466
8467
8468
8469
8470
8471
8472
8473
8474
8475
8476
8477
8478
8479
8480
8481
8482
8483
8484
8485
8486
8487
8488
8489
8490
8491
8492
8493
8494
8495
8496
8497
8498
8499
8500
8501
8502
8503
8504
8505
8506
8507
8508
8509
8510
8511
8512
8513
8514
8515
8516
8517
8518
8519
8520
8521
8522
8523
8524
8525
8526
8527
8528
8529
8530
8531
8532
8533
8534
8535
8536
8537
8538
8539
8540
8541
8542
8543
8544
8545
8546
8547
8548
8549
8550
8551
8552
8553
8554
8555
8556
8557
8558
8559
8560
8561
8562
8563
8564
8565
8566
8567
8568
8569
8570
8571
8572
8573
8574
8575
8576
8577
8578
8579
8580
8581
8582
8583
8584
8585
8586
8587
8588
8589
8590
8591
8592
8593
8594
8595
8596
8597
8598
8599
8600
8601
8602
8603
8604
8605
8606
8607
8608
8609
8610
8611
8612
8613
8614
8615
8616
8617
8618
8619
8620
8621
8622
8623
8624
8625
8626
8627
8628
8629
8630
8631
8632
8633
8634
8635
8636
8637
8638
8639
8640
8641
8642
8643
8644
8645
8646
8647
8648
8649
8650
8651
8652
8653
8654
8655
8656
8657
8658
8659
8660
8661
8662
8663
8664
8665
8666
8667
8668
8669
8670
8671
8672
8673
8674
8675
8676
8677
8678
8679
8680
8681
8682
8683
8684
8685
8686
8687
8688
8689
8690
8691
8692
8693
8694
8695
8696
8697
8698
8699
8700
8701
8702
8703
8704
8705
8706
8707
8708
8709
8710
8711
8712
8713
8714
8715
8716
8717
8718
8719
8720
8721
8722
8723
8724
8725
8726
8727
8728
8729
8730
8731
8732
8733
8734
8735
8736
8737
8738
8739
8740
8741
8742
8743
8744
8745
8746
8747
8748
8749
8750
8751
8752
8753
8754
8755
8756
8757
8758
8759
8760
8761
8762
8763
8764
8765
8766
8767
8768
8769
8770
8771
8772
8773
8774
8775
8776
8777
8778
8779
8780
8781
8782
8783
8784
8785
8786
8787
8788
8789
8790
8791
8792
8793
8794
8795
8796
8797
8798
8799
8800
8801
8802
8803
8804
8805
8806
8807
8808
8809
8810
8811
8812
8813
8814
8815
8816
8817
8818
8819
8820
8821
8822
8823
8824
8825
8826
8827
8828
8829
8830
8831
8832
8833
8834
8835
8836
8837
8838
8839
8840
8841
8842
8843
8844
8845
8846
8847
8848
8849
8850
8851
8852
8853
8854
8855
8856
8857
8858
8859
8860
8861
8862
8863
8864
8865
8866
8867
8868
8869
8870
8871
8872
8873
8874
8875
8876
8877
8878
8879
8880
8881
8882
8883
8884
8885
8886
8887
8888
8889
8890
8891
8892
8893
8894
8895
8896
8897
8898
8899
8900
8901
8902
8903
8904
8905
8906
8907
8908
8909
8910
8911
8912
8913
8914
8915
8916
8917
8918
8919
8920
8921
8922
8923
8924
8925
8926
8927
8928
8929
8930
8931
8932
8933
8934
8935
8936
8937
8938
8939
8940
8941
8942
8943
8944
8945
8946
8947
8948
8949
8950
8951
8952
8953
8954
8955
8956
8957
8958
8959
8960
8961
8962
8963
8964
8965
8966
8967
8968
8969
8970
8971
8972
8973
8974
8975
8976
8977
8978
8979
8980
8981
8982
8983
8984
8985
8986
8987
8988
8989
8990
8991
8992
8993
8994
8995
8996
8997
8998
8999
9000
9001
9002
9003
9004
9005
9006
9007
9008
9009
9010
9011
9012
9013
9014
9015
9016
9017
9018
9019
9020
9021
9022
9023
9024
9025
9026
9027
9028
9029
9030
9031
9032
9033
9034
9035
9036
9037
9038
9039
9040
9041
9042
9043
9044
9045
9046
9047
9048
9049
9050
9051
9052
9053
9054
9055
9056
9057
9058
9059
9060
9061
9062
9063
9064
9065
9066
9067
9068
9069
9070
9071
9072
9073
9074
9075
9076
9077
9078
9079
9080
9081
9082
9083
9084
9085
9086
9087
9088
9089
9090
9091
9092
9093
9094
9095
9096
9097
9098
9099
9100
9101
9102
9103
9104
9105
9106
9107
9108
9109
9110
9111
9112
9113
9114
9115
9116
9117
9118
9119
9120
9121
9122
9123
9124
9125
9126
9127
9128
9129
9130
9131
9132
9133
9134
9135
9136
9137
9138
9139
9140
9141
9142
9143
9144
9145
9146
9147
9148
9149
9150
9151
9152
9153
9154
9155
9156
9157
9158
9159
9160
9161
9162
9163
9164
9165
9166
9167
9168
9169
9170
9171
9172
9173
9174
9175
9176
9177
9178
9179
9180
9181
9182
9183
9184
9185
9186
9187
9188
9189
9190
9191
9192
9193
9194
9195
9196
9197
9198
9199
9200
9201
9202
9203
9204
9205
9206
9207
9208
9209
9210
9211
9212
9213
9214
9215
9216
9217
9218
9219
9220
9221
9222
9223
9224
9225
9226
9227
9228
9229
9230
9231
9232
9233
9234
9235
9236
9237
9238
9239
9240
9241
9242
9243
9244
9245
9246
9247
9248
9249
9250
9251
9252
9253
9254
9255
9256
9257
9258
9259
9260
9261
9262
9263
9264
9265
9266
9267
9268
9269
9270
9271
9272
9273
9274
9275
9276
9277
9278
9279
9280
9281
9282
9283
9284
9285
9286
9287
9288
9289
9290
9291
9292
9293
9294
9295
9296
9297
9298
9299
9300
9301
9302
9303
9304
9305
9306
9307
9308
9309
9310
9311
9312
9313
9314
9315
9316
9317
9318
9319
9320
9321
9322
9323
9324
9325
9326
9327
9328
9329
9330
9331
9332
9333
9334
9335
9336
9337
9338
9339
9340
9341
9342
9343
9344
9345
9346
9347
9348
9349
9350
9351
9352
9353
9354
9355
9356
9357
9358
9359
9360
9361
9362
9363
9364
9365
9366
9367
9368
9369
9370
9371
9372
9373
9374
9375
9376
9377
9378
9379
9380
9381
9382
9383
9384
9385
9386
9387
9388
9389
9390
9391
9392
9393
9394
9395
9396
9397
9398
9399
9400
9401
9402
9403
9404
9405
9406
9407
9408
9409
9410
9411
9412
9413
9414
9415
9416
9417
9418
9419
9420
9421
9422
9423
9424
9425
9426
9427
9428
9429
9430
9431
9432
9433
9434
9435
9436
9437
9438
9439
9440
9441
9442
9443
9444
9445
9446
9447
9448
9449
9450
9451
9452
9453
9454
9455
9456
9457
9458
9459
9460
9461
9462
9463
9464
9465
9466
9467
9468
9469
9470
9471
9472
9473
9474
9475
9476
9477
9478
9479
9480
9481
9482
9483
9484
9485
9486
9487
9488
9489
9490
9491
9492
9493
9494
9495
9496
9497
9498
9499
9500
9501
9502
9503
9504
9505
9506
9507
9508
9509
9510
9511
9512
9513
9514
9515
9516
9517
9518
9519
9520
9521
9522
9523
9524
9525
9526
9527
9528
9529
9530
9531
9532
9533
9534
9535
9536
9537
9538
9539
9540
9541
9542
9543
9544
9545
9546
9547
9548
9549
9550
9551
9552
9553
9554
9555
9556
9557
9558
9559
9560
9561
9562
9563
9564
9565
9566
9567
9568
9569
9570
9571
9572
9573
9574
9575
9576
9577
9578
9579
9580
9581
9582
9583
9584
9585
9586
9587
9588
9589
9590
9591
9592
9593
9594
9595
9596
9597
9598
9599
9600
9601
9602
9603
9604
9605
9606
9607
9608
9609
9610
9611
9612
9613
9614
9615
9616
9617
9618
9619
9620
9621
9622
9623
9624
9625
9626
9627
9628
9629
9630
9631
9632
9633
9634
9635
9636
9637
9638
9639
9640
9641
9642
9643
9644
9645
9646
9647
9648
9649
9650
9651
9652
9653
9654
9655
9656
9657
9658
9659
9660
9661
9662
9663
9664
9665
9666
9667
9668
9669
9670
9671
9672
9673
9674
9675
9676
9677
9678
9679
9680
9681
9682
9683
9684
9685
9686
9687
9688
9689
9690
9691
9692
9693
9694
9695
9696
9697
9698
9699
9700
9701
9702
9703
9704
9705
9706
9707
9708
9709
9710
9711
9712
9713
9714
9715
9716
9717
9718
9719
9720
9721
9722
9723
9724
9725
9726
9727
9728
9729
9730
9731
9732
9733
9734
9735
9736
9737
9738
9739
9740
9741
9742
9743
9744
9745
9746
9747
9748
9749
9750
9751
9752
9753
9754
9755
9756
9757
9758
9759
9760
9761
9762
9763
9764
9765
9766
9767
9768
9769
9770
9771
9772
9773
9774
9775
9776
9777
9778
9779
9780
9781
9782
9783
9784
9785
9786
9787
9788
9789
9790
9791
9792
9793
9794
9795
9796
9797
9798
9799
9800
9801
9802
9803
9804
9805
9806
9807
9808
9809
9810
9811
9812
9813
9814
9815
9816
9817
9818
9819
9820
9821
9822
9823
9824
9825
9826
9827
9828
9829
9830
9831
9832
9833
9834
9835
9836
9837
9838
9839
9840
9841
9842
9843
9844
9845
9846
9847
9848
9849
9850
9851
9852
9853
9854
9855
9856
9857
9858
9859
9860
9861
9862
9863
9864
9865
9866
9867
9868
9869
9870
9871
9872
9873
9874
9875
9876
9877
9878
9879
9880
9881
9882
9883
9884
9885
9886
9887
9888
9889
9890
9891
9892
9893
9894
9895
9896
9897
9898
9899
9900
9901
9902
9903
9904
9905
9906
9907
9908
9909
9910
9911
9912
9913
9914
9915
9916
9917
9918
9919
9920
9921
9922
9923
9924
9925
9926
9927
9928
9929
9930
9931
9932
9933
9934
9935
9936
9937
9938
9939
9940
9941
9942
9943
9944
9945
9946
9947
9948
9949
9950
9951
9952
9953
9954
9955
9956
9957
9958
9959
9960
9961
9962
9963
9964
9965
9966
9967
9968
9969
9970
9971
9972
9973
9974
9975
9976
9977
9978
9979
9980
9981
9982
9983
9984
9985
9986
9987
9988
9989
9990
9991
9992
9993
9994
9995
9996
9997
9998
9999
10000
10001
10002
10003
10004
10005
10006
10007
10008
10009
10010
10011
10012
10013
10014
10015
10016
10017
10018
10019
10020
10021
10022
10023
10024
10025
10026
10027
10028
10029
10030
10031
10032
10033
10034
10035
10036
10037
10038
10039
10040
10041
10042
10043
10044
10045
10046
10047
10048
10049
10050
10051
10052
10053
10054
10055
10056
10057
10058
10059
10060
10061
10062
10063
10064
10065
10066
10067
10068
10069
10070
10071
10072
10073
10074
10075
10076
10077
10078
10079
10080
10081
10082
10083
10084
10085
10086
10087
10088
10089
10090
10091
10092
10093
10094
10095
10096
10097
10098
10099
10100
10101
10102
10103
10104
10105
10106
10107
10108
10109
10110
10111
10112
10113
10114
10115
10116
10117
10118
10119
10120
10121
10122
10123
10124
10125
10126
10127
10128
10129
10130
10131
10132
10133
10134
10135
10136
10137
10138
10139
10140
10141
10142
10143
10144
10145
10146
10147
10148
10149
10150
10151
10152
10153
10154
10155
10156
10157
10158
10159
10160
10161
10162
10163
10164
10165
10166
10167
10168
10169
10170
10171
10172
10173
10174
10175
10176
10177
10178
10179
10180
10181
10182
10183
10184
10185
10186
10187
10188
10189
10190
10191
10192
10193
10194
10195
10196
10197
10198
10199
10200
10201
10202
10203
10204
10205
10206
10207
10208
10209
10210
10211
10212
10213
10214
10215
10216
10217
10218
10219
10220
10221
10222
10223
10224
10225
10226
10227
10228
10229
10230
10231
10232
10233
10234
10235
10236
10237
10238
10239
10240
10241
10242
10243
10244
10245
10246
10247
10248
10249
10250
10251
10252
10253
10254
10255
10256
10257
10258
10259
10260
10261
10262
10263
10264
10265
10266
10267
10268
10269
10270
10271
10272
10273
10274
10275
10276
10277
10278
10279
10280
10281
10282
10283
10284
10285
10286
10287
10288
10289
10290
10291
10292
10293
10294
10295
10296
10297
10298
10299
10300
10301
10302
10303
10304
10305
10306
10307
10308
10309
10310
10311
10312
10313
10314
10315
10316
10317
10318
10319
10320
10321
10322
10323
10324
10325
10326
10327
10328
10329
10330
10331
10332
10333
10334
10335
10336
10337
10338
10339
10340
10341
10342
10343
10344
10345
10346
10347
10348
10349
10350
10351
10352
10353
10354
10355
10356
10357
10358
10359
10360
10361
10362
10363
10364
10365
10366
10367
10368
10369
10370
10371
10372
10373
10374
10375
10376
10377
10378
10379
10380
10381
10382
10383
10384
10385
10386
10387
10388
10389
10390
10391
10392
10393
10394
10395
10396
10397
10398
10399
10400
10401
10402
10403
10404
10405
10406
10407
10408
10409
10410
10411
10412
10413
10414
10415
10416
10417
10418
10419
10420
10421
10422
10423
10424
10425
10426
10427
10428
10429
10430
10431
10432
10433
10434
10435
10436
10437
10438
10439
10440
10441
10442
10443
10444
10445
10446
10447
10448
10449
10450
10451
10452
10453
10454
10455
10456
10457
10458
10459
10460
10461
10462
10463
10464
10465
10466
10467
10468
10469
10470
10471
10472
10473
10474
10475
10476
10477
10478
10479
10480
10481
10482
10483
10484
10485
10486
10487
10488
10489
10490
10491
10492
10493
10494
10495
10496
10497
10498
10499
10500
10501
10502
10503
10504
10505
10506
10507
10508
10509
10510
10511
10512
10513
10514
10515
10516
10517
10518
10519
10520
10521
10522
10523
10524
10525
10526
10527
10528
10529
10530
10531
10532
10533
10534
10535
10536
10537
10538
10539
10540
10541
10542
10543
10544
10545
10546
10547
10548
10549
10550
10551
10552
10553
10554
10555
10556
10557
10558
10559
10560
10561
10562
10563
10564
10565
10566
10567
10568
10569
10570
10571
10572
10573
10574
10575
10576
10577
10578
10579
10580
10581
10582
10583
10584
10585
10586
10587
10588
10589
10590
10591
10592
10593
10594
10595
10596
10597
10598
10599
10600
10601
10602
10603
10604
10605
10606
10607
10608
10609
10610
10611
10612
10613
10614
10615
10616
10617
10618
10619
10620
10621
10622
10623
10624
10625
10626
10627
10628
10629
10630
10631
10632
10633
10634
10635
10636
10637
10638
10639
10640
10641
10642
10643
10644
10645
10646
10647
10648
10649
10650
10651
10652
10653
10654
10655
10656
10657
10658
10659
10660
10661
10662
10663
10664
10665
10666
10667
10668
10669
10670
10671
10672
10673
10674
10675
10676
10677
10678
10679
10680
10681
10682
10683
10684
10685
10686
10687
10688
10689
10690
10691
10692
10693
10694
10695
10696
10697
10698
10699
10700
10701
10702
10703
10704
10705
10706
10707
10708
10709
10710
10711
10712
10713
10714
10715
10716
10717
10718
10719
10720
10721
10722
10723
10724
10725
10726
10727
10728
10729
10730
10731
10732
10733
10734
10735
10736
10737
10738
10739
10740
10741
10742
10743
10744
10745
10746
10747
10748
10749
10750
10751
10752
10753
10754
10755
10756
10757
10758
10759
10760
10761
10762
10763
10764
10765
10766
10767
10768
10769
10770
10771
10772
10773
10774
10775
10776
10777
10778
10779
10780
10781
10782
10783
10784
10785
10786
10787
10788
10789
10790
10791
10792
10793
10794
10795
10796
10797
10798
10799
10800
10801
10802
10803
10804
10805
10806
10807
10808
10809
10810
10811
10812
10813
10814
10815
10816
10817
10818
10819
10820
10821
10822
10823
10824
10825
10826
10827
10828
10829
10830
10831
10832
10833
10834
10835
10836
10837
10838
10839
10840
10841
10842
10843
10844
10845
10846
10847
10848
10849
10850
10851
10852
10853
10854
10855
10856
10857
10858
10859
10860
10861
10862
10863
10864
10865
10866
10867
10868
10869
10870
10871
10872
10873
10874
10875
10876
10877
10878
10879
10880
10881
10882
10883
10884
10885
10886
10887
10888
10889
10890
10891
10892
10893
10894
10895
10896
10897
10898
10899
10900
10901
10902
10903
10904
10905
10906
10907
10908
10909
10910
10911
10912
10913
10914
10915
10916
10917
10918
10919
10920
10921
10922
10923
10924
10925
10926
10927
10928
10929
10930
10931
10932
10933
10934
10935
10936
10937
10938
10939
10940
10941
10942
10943
10944
10945
10946
10947
10948
10949
10950
10951
10952
10953
10954
10955
10956
10957
10958
10959
10960
10961
10962
10963
10964
10965
10966
10967
10968
10969
10970
10971
10972
10973
10974
10975
10976
10977
10978
10979
10980
10981
10982
10983
10984
10985
10986
10987
10988
10989
10990
10991
10992
10993
10994
10995
10996
10997
10998
10999
11000
11001
11002
11003
11004
11005
11006
11007
11008
11009
11010
11011
11012
11013
11014
11015
11016
11017
11018
11019
11020
11021
11022
11023
11024
11025
11026
11027
11028
11029
11030
11031
11032
11033
11034
11035
11036
11037
11038
11039
11040
11041
11042
11043
11044
11045
11046
11047
11048
11049
11050
11051
11052
11053
11054
11055
11056
11057
11058
11059
11060
11061
11062
11063
11064
11065
11066
11067
11068
11069
11070
11071
11072
11073
11074
11075
11076
11077
11078
11079
11080
11081
11082
11083
11084
11085
11086
11087
11088
11089
11090
11091
11092
11093
11094
11095
11096
11097
11098
11099
11100
11101
11102
11103
11104
11105
11106
11107
11108
11109
11110
11111
11112
11113
11114
11115
11116
11117
11118
11119
11120
11121
11122
11123
11124
11125
11126
11127
11128
11129
11130
11131
11132
11133
11134
11135
11136
11137
11138
11139
11140
11141
11142
11143
11144
11145
11146
11147
11148
11149
11150
11151
11152
11153
11154
11155
11156
11157
11158
11159
11160
11161
11162
11163
11164
11165
11166
11167
11168
11169
11170
11171
11172
11173
11174
11175
11176
11177
11178
11179
11180
11181
11182
11183
11184
11185
11186
11187
11188
11189
11190
11191
11192
11193
11194
11195
11196
11197
11198
11199
11200
11201
11202
11203
11204
11205
11206
11207
11208
11209
11210
11211
11212
11213
11214
11215
11216
11217
11218
11219
11220
11221
11222
11223
11224
11225
11226
11227
11228
11229
11230
11231
11232
11233
11234
11235
11236
11237
11238
11239
11240
11241
11242
11243
11244
11245
11246
11247
11248
11249
11250
11251
11252
11253
11254
11255
11256
11257
11258
11259
11260
11261
11262
11263
11264
11265
11266
11267
11268
11269
11270
11271
11272
11273
11274
11275
11276
11277
11278
11279
11280
11281
11282
11283
11284
11285
11286
11287
11288
11289
11290
11291
11292
11293
11294
11295
11296
11297
11298
11299
11300
11301
11302
11303
11304
11305
11306
11307
11308
11309
11310
11311
11312
11313
11314
11315
11316
11317
11318
11319
11320
11321
11322
11323
11324
11325
11326
11327
11328
11329
11330
11331
11332
11333
11334
11335
11336
11337
11338
11339
11340
11341
11342
11343
11344
11345
11346
11347
11348
11349
11350
11351
11352
11353
11354
11355
11356
11357
11358
11359
11360
11361
11362
11363
11364
11365
11366
11367
11368
11369
11370
11371
11372
11373
11374
11375
11376
11377
11378
11379
11380
11381
11382
11383
11384
11385
11386
11387
11388
11389
11390
11391
11392
11393
11394
11395
11396
11397
11398
11399
11400
11401
11402
11403
11404
11405
11406
11407
11408
11409
11410
11411
11412
11413
11414
11415
11416
11417
11418
11419
11420
11421
11422
11423
11424
11425
11426
11427
11428
11429
11430
11431
11432
11433
11434
11435
11436
11437
11438
11439
11440
11441
11442
11443
11444
11445
11446
11447
11448
11449
11450
11451
11452
11453
11454
11455
11456
11457
11458
11459
11460
11461
11462
11463
11464
11465
11466
11467
11468
11469
11470
11471
11472
11473
11474
11475
11476
11477
11478
11479
11480
11481
11482
11483
11484
11485
11486
11487
11488
11489
11490
11491
11492
11493
11494
11495
11496
11497
11498
11499
11500
11501
11502
11503
11504
11505
11506
11507
11508
11509
11510
11511
11512
11513
11514
11515
11516
11517
11518
11519
11520
11521
11522
11523
11524
11525
11526
11527
11528
11529
11530
11531
11532
11533
11534
11535
11536
11537
11538
11539
11540
11541
11542
11543
11544
11545
11546
11547
11548
11549
11550
11551
11552
11553
11554
11555
11556
11557
11558
11559
11560
11561
11562
11563
11564
11565
11566
11567
11568
11569
11570
11571
11572
11573
11574
11575
11576
11577
11578
11579
11580
11581
11582
11583
11584
11585
11586
11587
11588
11589
11590
11591
11592
11593
11594
11595
11596
11597
11598
11599
11600
11601
11602
11603
11604
11605
11606
11607
11608
11609
11610
11611
11612
11613
11614
11615
11616
11617
11618
11619
11620
11621
11622
11623
11624
11625
11626
11627
11628
11629
11630
11631
11632
11633
11634
11635
11636
11637
11638
11639
11640
11641
11642
11643
11644
11645
11646
11647
11648
11649
11650
11651
11652
11653
11654
11655
11656
11657
11658
11659
11660
11661
11662
11663
11664
11665
11666
11667
11668
11669
11670
11671
11672
11673
11674
11675
11676
11677
11678
11679
11680
11681
11682
11683
11684
11685
11686
11687
11688
11689
11690
11691
11692
11693
11694
11695
11696
11697
11698
11699
11700
11701
11702
11703
11704
11705
11706
11707
11708
11709
11710
11711
11712
11713
11714
11715
11716
11717
11718
11719
11720
11721
11722
11723
11724
11725
11726
11727
11728
11729
11730
11731
11732
11733
11734
11735
11736
11737
11738
11739
11740
11741
11742
11743
11744
11745
11746
11747
11748
11749
11750
11751
11752
11753
11754
11755
11756
11757
11758
11759
11760
11761
11762
11763
11764
11765
11766
11767
11768
11769
11770
11771
11772
11773
11774
11775
11776
11777
11778
11779
11780
11781
11782
11783
11784
11785
11786
11787
11788
11789
11790
11791
11792
11793
11794
11795
11796
11797
11798
11799
11800
11801
11802
11803
11804
11805
11806
11807
11808
11809
11810
11811
11812
11813
11814
11815
11816
11817
11818
11819
11820
11821
11822
11823
11824
11825
11826
11827
11828
11829
11830
11831
11832
11833
11834
11835
11836
11837
11838
11839
11840
11841
11842
11843
11844
11845
11846
11847
11848
11849
11850
11851
11852
11853
11854
11855
11856
11857
11858
11859
11860
11861
11862
11863
11864
11865
11866
11867
11868
11869
11870
11871
11872
11873
11874
11875
11876
11877
11878
11879
11880
11881
11882
11883
11884
11885
11886
11887
11888
11889
11890
11891
11892
11893
11894
11895
11896
11897
11898
11899
11900
11901
11902
11903
11904
11905
11906
11907
11908
11909
11910
11911
11912
11913
11914
11915
11916
11917
11918
11919
11920
11921
11922
11923
11924
11925
11926
11927
11928
11929
11930
11931
11932
11933
11934
11935
11936
11937
11938
11939
11940
11941
11942
11943
11944
11945
11946
11947
11948
11949
11950
11951
11952
11953
11954
11955
11956
11957
11958
11959
11960
11961
11962
11963
11964
11965
11966
11967
11968
11969
11970
11971
11972
11973
11974
11975
11976
11977
11978
11979
11980
11981
11982
11983
11984
11985
11986
11987
11988
11989
11990
11991
11992
11993
11994
11995
11996
11997
11998
11999
12000
12001
12002
12003
12004
12005
12006
12007
12008
12009
12010
12011
12012
12013
12014
12015
12016
12017
12018
12019
12020
12021
12022
12023
12024
12025
12026
12027
12028
12029
12030
12031
12032
12033
12034
12035
12036
12037
12038
12039
12040
12041
12042
12043
12044
12045
12046
12047
12048
12049
12050
12051
12052
12053
12054
12055
12056
12057
12058
12059
12060
12061
12062
12063
12064
12065
12066
12067
12068
12069
12070
12071
12072
12073
12074
12075
12076
12077
12078
12079
12080
12081
12082
12083
12084
12085
12086
12087
12088
12089
12090
12091
12092
12093
12094
12095
12096
12097
12098
12099
12100
12101
12102
12103
12104
12105
12106
12107
12108
12109
12110
12111
12112
12113
12114
12115
12116
12117
12118
12119
12120
12121
12122
12123
12124
12125
12126
12127
12128
12129
12130
12131
12132
12133
12134
12135
12136
12137
12138
12139
12140
12141
12142
12143
12144
12145
12146
12147
12148
12149
12150
12151
12152
12153
12154
12155
12156
12157
12158
12159
12160
12161
12162
12163
12164
12165
12166
12167
12168
12169
12170
12171
12172
12173
12174
12175
12176
12177
12178
12179
12180
12181
12182
12183
12184
12185
12186
12187
12188
12189
12190
12191
12192
12193
12194
12195
12196
12197
12198
12199
12200
12201
12202
12203
12204
12205
12206
12207
12208
12209
12210
12211
12212
12213
12214
12215
12216
12217
12218
12219
12220
12221
12222
12223
12224
12225
12226
12227
12228
12229
12230
12231
12232
12233
12234
12235
12236
12237
12238
12239
12240
12241
12242
12243
12244
12245
12246
12247
12248
12249
12250
12251
12252
12253
12254
12255
12256
12257
12258
12259
12260
12261
12262
12263
12264
12265
12266
12267
12268
12269
12270
12271
12272
12273
12274
12275
12276
12277
12278
12279
12280
12281
12282
12283
12284
12285
12286
12287
12288
12289
12290
12291
12292
12293
12294
12295
12296
12297
12298
12299
12300
12301
12302
12303
12304
12305
12306
12307
12308
12309
12310
12311
12312
12313
12314
12315
12316
12317
12318
12319
12320
12321
12322
12323
12324
12325
12326
12327
12328
12329
12330
12331
12332
12333
12334
12335
12336
12337
12338
12339
12340
12341
12342
12343
12344
12345
12346
12347
12348
12349
12350
12351
12352
12353
12354
12355
12356
12357
12358
12359
12360
12361
12362
12363
12364
12365
12366
12367
12368
12369
12370
12371
12372
12373
12374
12375
12376
12377
12378
12379
12380
12381
12382
12383
12384
12385
12386
12387
12388
12389
12390
12391
12392
12393
12394
12395
12396
12397
12398
12399
12400
12401
12402
12403
12404
12405
12406
12407
12408
12409
12410
12411
12412
12413
12414
12415
12416
12417
12418
12419
12420
12421
12422
12423
12424
12425
12426
12427
12428
12429
12430
12431
12432
12433
12434
12435
12436
12437
12438
12439
12440
12441
12442
12443
12444
12445
12446
12447
12448
12449
12450
12451
12452
12453
12454
12455
12456
12457
12458
12459
12460
12461
12462
12463
12464
12465
12466
12467
12468
12469
12470
12471
12472
12473
12474
12475
12476
12477
12478
12479
12480
12481
12482
12483
12484
12485
12486
12487
12488
12489
12490
12491
12492
12493
12494
12495
12496
12497
12498
12499
12500
12501
12502
12503
12504
12505
12506
12507
12508
12509
12510
12511
12512
12513
12514
12515
12516
12517
12518
12519
12520
12521
12522
12523
12524
12525
12526
12527
12528
12529
12530
12531
12532
12533
12534
12535
12536
12537
12538
12539
12540
12541
12542
12543
12544
12545
12546
12547
12548
12549
12550
12551
12552
12553
12554
12555
12556
12557
12558
12559
12560
12561
12562
12563
12564
12565
12566
12567
12568
12569
12570
12571
12572
12573
12574
12575
12576
12577
12578
12579
12580
12581
12582
12583
12584
12585
12586
12587
12588
12589
12590
12591
12592
12593
12594
12595
12596
12597
12598
12599
12600
12601
12602
12603
12604
12605
12606
12607
12608
12609
12610
12611
12612
12613
12614
12615
12616
12617
12618
12619
12620
12621
12622
12623
12624
12625
12626
12627
12628
12629
12630
12631
12632
12633
12634
12635
12636
12637
12638
12639
12640
12641
12642
12643
12644
12645
12646
12647
12648
12649
12650
12651
12652
12653
12654
12655
12656
12657
12658
12659
12660
12661
12662
12663
12664
12665
12666
12667
12668
12669
12670
12671
12672
12673
12674
12675
12676
12677
12678
12679
12680
12681
12682
12683
12684
12685
12686
12687
12688
12689
12690
12691
12692
12693
12694
12695
12696
12697
12698
12699
12700
12701
12702
12703
12704
12705
12706
12707
12708
12709
12710
12711
12712
12713
12714
12715
12716
12717
12718
12719
12720
12721
12722
12723
12724
12725
12726
12727
12728
12729
12730
12731
12732
12733
12734
12735
12736
12737
12738
12739
12740
12741
12742
12743
12744
12745
12746
12747
12748
12749
12750
12751
12752
12753
12754
12755
12756
12757
12758
12759
12760
12761
12762
12763
12764
12765
12766
12767
12768
12769
12770
12771
12772
12773
12774
12775
12776
12777
12778
12779
12780
12781
12782
12783
12784
12785
12786
12787
12788
12789
12790
12791
12792
12793
12794
12795
12796
12797
12798
12799
12800
12801
12802
12803
12804
12805
12806
12807
12808
12809
12810
12811
12812
12813
12814
12815
12816
12817
12818
12819
12820
12821
12822
12823
12824
12825
12826
12827
12828
12829
12830
12831
12832
12833
12834
12835
12836
12837
12838
12839
12840
12841
12842
12843
12844
12845
12846
12847
12848
12849
12850
12851
12852
12853
12854
12855
12856
12857
12858
12859
12860
12861
12862
12863
12864
12865
12866
12867
12868
12869
12870
12871
12872
12873
12874
12875
12876
12877
12878
12879
12880
12881
12882
12883
12884
12885
12886
12887
12888
12889
12890
12891
12892
12893
12894
12895
12896
12897
12898
12899
12900
12901
12902
12903
12904
12905
12906
12907
12908
12909
12910
12911
12912
12913
12914
12915
12916
12917
12918
12919
12920
12921
12922
12923
12924
12925
12926
12927
12928
12929
12930
12931
12932
12933
12934
12935
12936
12937
12938
12939
12940
12941
12942
12943
12944
12945
12946
12947
12948
12949
12950
12951
12952
12953
12954
12955
12956
12957
12958
12959
12960
12961
12962
12963
12964
12965
12966
12967
12968
12969
12970
12971
12972
12973
12974
12975
12976
12977
12978
12979
12980
12981
12982
12983
12984
12985
12986
12987
12988
12989
12990
12991
12992
12993
12994
12995
12996
12997
12998
12999
13000
13001
13002
13003
13004
13005
13006
13007
13008
13009
13010
13011
13012
13013
13014
13015
13016
13017
13018
13019
13020
13021
13022
13023
13024
13025
13026
13027
13028
13029
13030
13031
13032
13033
13034
13035
13036
13037
13038
13039
13040
13041
13042
13043
13044
13045
13046
13047
13048
13049
13050
13051
13052
13053
13054
13055
13056
13057
13058
13059
13060
13061
13062
13063
13064
13065
13066
13067
13068
13069
13070
13071
13072
13073
13074
13075
13076
13077
13078
13079
13080
13081
13082
13083
13084
13085
13086
13087
13088
13089
13090
13091
13092
13093
13094
13095
13096
13097
13098
13099
13100
13101
13102
13103
13104
13105
13106
13107
13108
13109
13110
13111
13112
13113
13114
13115
13116
13117
13118
13119
13120
13121
13122
13123
13124
13125
13126
13127
13128
13129
13130
13131
13132
13133
13134
13135
13136
13137
13138
13139
13140
13141
13142
13143
13144
13145
13146
13147
13148
13149
13150
13151
13152
13153
13154
13155
13156
13157
13158
13159
13160
13161
13162
13163
13164
13165
13166
13167
13168
13169
13170
13171
13172
13173
13174
13175
13176
13177
13178
13179
13180
13181
13182
13183
13184
13185
13186
13187
13188
13189
13190
13191
13192
13193
13194
13195
13196
13197
13198
13199
13200
13201
13202
13203
13204
13205
13206
13207
13208
13209
13210
13211
13212
13213
13214
13215
13216
13217
13218
13219
13220
13221
13222
13223
13224
13225
13226
13227
13228
13229
13230
13231
13232
13233
13234
13235
13236
13237
13238
13239
13240
13241
13242
13243
13244
13245
13246
13247
13248
13249
13250
13251
13252
13253
13254
13255
13256
13257
13258
13259
13260
13261
13262
13263
13264
13265
13266
13267
13268
13269
13270
13271
13272
13273
13274
13275
13276
13277
13278
13279
13280
13281
13282
13283
13284
13285
13286
13287
13288
13289
13290
13291
13292
13293
13294
13295
13296
13297
13298
13299
13300
13301
13302
13303
13304
13305
13306
13307
13308
13309
13310
13311
13312
13313
13314
13315
13316
13317
13318
13319
13320
13321
13322
13323
13324
13325
13326
13327
13328
13329
13330
13331
13332
13333
13334
13335
13336
13337
13338
13339
13340
13341
13342
13343
13344
13345
13346
13347
13348
13349
13350
13351
13352
13353
13354
13355
13356
13357
13358
13359
13360
13361
13362
13363
13364
13365
13366
13367
13368
13369
13370
13371
13372
13373
13374
13375
13376
13377
13378
13379
13380
13381
13382
13383
13384
13385
13386
13387
13388
13389
13390
13391
13392
13393
13394
13395
13396
13397
13398
13399
13400
13401
13402
13403
13404
13405
13406
13407
13408
13409
13410
13411
13412
13413
13414
13415
13416
13417
13418
13419
13420
13421
13422
13423
13424
13425
13426
13427
13428
13429
13430
13431
13432
13433
13434
13435
13436
13437
13438
13439
13440
13441
13442
13443
13444
13445
13446
13447
13448
13449
13450
13451
13452
13453
13454
13455
13456
13457
13458
13459
13460
13461
13462
13463
13464
13465
13466
13467
13468
13469
13470
13471
13472
13473
13474
13475
13476
13477
13478
13479
13480
13481
13482
13483
13484
13485
13486
13487
13488
13489
13490
13491
13492
13493
13494
13495
13496
13497
13498
13499
13500
13501
13502
13503
13504
13505
13506
13507
13508
13509
13510
13511
13512
13513
13514
13515
13516
13517
13518
13519
13520
13521
13522
13523
13524
13525
13526
13527
13528
13529
13530
13531
13532
13533
13534
13535
13536
13537
13538
13539
13540
13541
13542
13543
13544
13545
13546
13547
13548
13549
13550
13551
13552
13553
13554
13555
13556
13557
13558
13559
13560
13561
13562
13563
13564
13565
13566
13567
13568
13569
13570
13571
13572
13573
13574
13575
13576
13577
13578
13579
13580
13581
13582
13583
13584
13585
13586
13587
13588
13589
13590
13591
13592
13593
13594
13595
13596
13597
13598
13599
13600
13601
13602
13603
13604
13605
13606
13607
13608
13609
13610
13611
13612
13613
13614
13615
13616
13617
13618
13619
13620
13621
13622
13623
13624
13625
13626
13627
13628
13629
13630
13631
13632
13633
13634
13635
13636
13637
13638
13639
13640
13641
13642
13643
13644
13645
13646
13647
13648
13649
13650
13651
13652
13653
13654
13655
13656
13657
13658
13659
13660
13661
13662
13663
13664
13665
13666
13667
13668
13669
13670
13671
13672
13673
13674
13675
13676
13677
13678
13679
13680
13681
13682
13683
13684
13685
13686
13687
13688
13689
13690
13691
13692
13693
13694
13695
13696
13697
13698
13699
13700
13701
13702
13703
13704
13705
13706
13707
13708
13709
13710
13711
13712
13713
13714
13715
13716
13717
13718
13719
13720
13721
13722
13723
13724
13725
13726
13727
13728
13729
13730
13731
13732
13733
13734
13735
13736
13737
13738
13739
13740
13741
13742
13743
13744
13745
13746
13747
13748
13749
13750
13751
13752
13753
13754
13755
13756
13757
13758
13759
13760
13761
13762
13763
13764
13765
13766
13767
13768
13769
13770
13771
13772
13773
13774
13775
13776
13777
13778
13779
13780
13781
13782
13783
13784
13785
13786
13787
13788
13789
13790
13791
13792
13793
13794
13795
13796
13797
13798
13799
13800
13801
13802
13803
13804
13805
13806
13807
13808
13809
13810
13811
13812
13813
13814
13815
13816
13817
13818
13819
13820
13821
13822
13823
13824
13825
13826
13827
13828
13829
13830
13831
13832
13833
13834
13835
13836
13837
13838
13839
13840
13841
13842
13843
13844
13845
13846
13847
13848
13849
13850
13851
13852
13853
13854
13855
13856
13857
13858
13859
13860
13861
13862
13863
13864
13865
13866
13867
13868
13869
13870
13871
13872
13873
13874
13875
13876
13877
13878
13879
13880
13881
13882
13883
13884
13885
13886
13887
13888
13889
13890
13891
13892
13893
13894
13895
13896
13897
13898
13899
13900
13901
13902
13903
13904
13905
13906
13907
13908
13909
13910
13911
13912
13913
13914
13915
13916
13917
13918
13919
13920
13921
13922
13923
13924
13925
13926
13927
13928
13929
13930
13931
13932
13933
13934
13935
13936
13937
13938
13939
13940
13941
13942
13943
13944
13945
13946
13947
13948
13949
13950
13951
13952
13953
13954
13955
13956
13957
13958
13959
13960
13961
13962
13963
13964
13965
13966
13967
13968
13969
13970
13971
13972
13973
13974
13975
13976
13977
13978
13979
13980
13981
13982
13983
13984
13985
13986
13987
13988
13989
13990
13991
13992
13993
13994
13995
13996
13997
13998
13999
14000
14001
14002
14003
14004
14005
14006
14007
14008
14009
14010
14011
14012
14013
14014
14015
14016
14017
14018
14019
14020
14021
14022
14023
14024
14025
14026
14027
14028
14029
14030
14031
14032
14033
14034
14035
14036
14037
14038
14039
14040
14041
14042
14043
14044
14045
14046
14047
14048
14049
14050
14051
14052
14053
14054
14055
14056
14057
14058
14059
14060
14061
14062
14063
14064
14065
14066
14067
14068
14069
14070
14071
14072
14073
14074
14075
14076
14077
14078
14079
14080
14081
14082
14083
14084
14085
14086
14087
14088
14089
14090
14091
14092
14093
14094
14095
14096
14097
14098
14099
14100
14101
14102
14103
14104
14105
14106
14107
14108
14109
14110
14111
14112
14113
14114
14115
14116
14117
14118
14119
14120
14121
14122
14123
14124
14125
14126
14127
14128
14129
14130
14131
14132
14133
14134
14135
14136
14137
14138
14139
14140
14141
14142
14143
14144
14145
14146
14147
14148
14149
14150
14151
14152
14153
14154
14155
14156
14157
14158
14159
14160
14161
14162
14163
14164
14165
14166
14167
14168
14169
14170
14171
14172
14173
14174
14175
14176
14177
14178
14179
14180
14181
14182
14183
14184
14185
14186
14187
14188
14189
14190
14191
14192
14193
14194
14195
14196
14197
14198
14199
14200
14201
14202
14203
14204
14205
14206
14207
14208
14209
14210
14211
14212
14213
14214
14215
14216
14217
14218
14219
14220
14221
14222
14223
14224
14225
14226
14227
14228
14229
14230
14231
14232
14233
14234
14235
14236
14237
14238
14239
14240
14241
14242
14243
14244
14245
14246
14247
14248
14249
14250
14251
14252
14253
14254
14255
14256
14257
14258
14259
14260
14261
14262
14263
14264
14265
14266
14267
14268
14269
14270
14271
14272
14273
14274
14275
14276
14277
14278
14279
14280
14281
14282
14283
14284
14285
14286
14287
14288
14289
14290
14291
14292
14293
14294
14295
14296
14297
14298
14299
14300
14301
14302
14303
14304
14305
14306
14307
14308
14309
14310
14311
14312
14313
14314
14315
14316
14317
14318
14319
14320
14321
14322
14323
14324
14325
14326
14327
14328
14329
14330
14331
14332
14333
14334
14335
14336
14337
14338
14339
14340
14341
14342
14343
14344
14345
14346
14347
14348
14349
14350
14351
14352
14353
14354
14355
14356
14357
14358
14359
14360
14361
14362
14363
14364
14365
14366
14367
14368
14369
14370
14371
14372
14373
14374
14375
14376
14377
14378
14379
14380
14381
14382
14383
14384
14385
14386
14387
14388
14389
14390
14391
14392
14393
14394
14395
14396
14397
14398
14399
14400
14401
14402
14403
14404
14405
14406
14407
14408
14409
14410
14411
14412
14413
14414
14415
14416
14417
14418
14419
14420
14421
14422
14423
14424
14425
14426
14427
14428
14429
14430
14431
14432
14433
14434
14435
14436
14437
14438
14439
14440
14441
14442
14443
14444
14445
14446
14447
14448
14449
14450
14451
14452
14453
14454
14455
14456
14457
14458
14459
14460
14461
14462
14463
14464
14465
14466
14467
14468
14469
14470
14471
14472
14473
14474
14475
14476
14477
14478
14479
14480
14481
14482
14483
14484
14485
14486
14487
14488
14489
14490
14491
14492
14493
14494
14495
14496
14497
14498
14499
14500
14501
14502
14503
14504
14505
14506
14507
14508
14509
14510
14511
14512
14513
14514
14515
14516
14517
14518
14519
14520
14521
14522
14523
14524
14525
14526
14527
14528
14529
14530
14531
14532
14533
14534
14535
14536
14537
14538
14539
14540
14541
14542
14543
14544
14545
14546
14547
14548
14549
14550
14551
14552
14553
14554
14555
14556
14557
14558
14559
14560
14561
14562
14563
14564
14565
14566
14567
14568
14569
14570
14571
14572
14573
14574
14575
14576
14577
14578
14579
14580
14581
14582
14583
14584
14585
14586
14587
14588
14589
14590
14591
14592
14593
14594
14595
14596
14597
14598
14599
14600
14601
14602
14603
14604
14605
14606
14607
14608
14609
14610
14611
14612
14613
14614
14615
14616
14617
14618
14619
14620
14621
14622
14623
14624
14625
14626
14627
14628
14629
14630
14631
14632
14633
14634
14635
14636
14637
14638
14639
14640
14641
14642
14643
14644
14645
14646
14647
14648
14649
14650
14651
14652
14653
14654
14655
14656
14657
14658
14659
14660
14661
14662
14663
14664
14665
14666
14667
14668
14669
14670
14671
14672
14673
14674
14675
14676
14677
14678
14679
14680
14681
14682
14683
14684
14685
14686
14687
14688
14689
14690
14691
14692
14693
14694
14695
14696
14697
14698
14699
14700
14701
14702
14703
14704
14705
14706
14707
14708
14709
14710
14711
14712
14713
14714
14715
14716
14717
14718
14719
14720
14721
14722
14723
14724
14725
14726
14727
14728
14729
14730
14731
14732
14733
14734
14735
14736
14737
14738
14739
14740
14741
14742
14743
14744
14745
14746
14747
14748
14749
14750
14751
14752
14753
14754
14755
14756
14757
14758
14759
14760
14761
14762
14763
14764
14765
14766
14767
14768
14769
14770
14771
14772
14773
14774
14775
14776
14777
14778
14779
14780
14781
14782
14783
14784
14785
14786
14787
14788
14789
14790
14791
14792
14793
14794
14795
14796
14797
14798
14799
14800
14801
14802
14803
14804
14805
14806
14807
14808
14809
14810
14811
14812
14813
14814
14815
14816
14817
14818
14819
14820
14821
14822
14823
14824
14825
14826
14827
14828
14829
14830
14831
14832
14833
14834
14835
14836
14837
14838
14839
14840
14841
14842
14843
14844
14845
14846
14847
14848
14849
14850
14851
14852
14853
14854
14855
14856
14857
14858
14859
14860
14861
14862
14863
14864
14865
14866
14867
14868
14869
14870
14871
14872
14873
14874
14875
14876
14877
14878
14879
14880
14881
14882
14883
14884
14885
14886
14887
14888
14889
14890
14891
14892
14893
14894
14895
14896
14897
14898
14899
14900
14901
14902
14903
14904
14905
14906
14907
14908
14909
14910
14911
14912
14913
14914
14915
14916
14917
14918
14919
14920
14921
14922
14923
14924
14925
14926
14927
14928
14929
14930
14931
14932
14933
14934
14935
14936
14937
14938
14939
14940
14941
14942
14943
14944
14945
14946
14947
14948
14949
14950
14951
14952
14953
14954
14955
14956
14957
14958
14959
14960
14961
14962
14963
14964
14965
14966
14967
14968
14969
14970
14971
14972
14973
14974
14975
14976
14977
14978
14979
14980
14981
14982
14983
14984
14985
14986
14987
14988
14989
14990
14991
14992
14993
14994
14995
14996
14997
14998
14999
15000
15001
15002
15003
15004
15005
15006
15007
15008
15009
15010
15011
15012
15013
15014
15015
15016
15017
15018
15019
15020
15021
15022
15023
15024
15025
15026
15027
15028
15029
15030
15031
15032
15033
15034
15035
15036
15037
15038
15039
15040
15041
15042
15043
15044
15045
15046
15047
15048
15049
15050
15051
15052
15053
15054
15055
15056
15057
15058
15059
15060
15061
15062
15063
15064
15065
15066
15067
15068
15069
15070
15071
15072
15073
15074
15075
15076
15077
15078
15079
15080
15081
15082
15083
15084
15085
15086
15087
15088
15089
15090
15091
15092
15093
15094
15095
15096
15097
15098
15099
15100
15101
15102
15103
15104
15105
15106
15107
15108
15109
15110
15111
15112
15113
15114
15115
15116
15117
15118
15119
15120
15121
15122
15123
15124
15125
15126
15127
15128
15129
15130
15131
15132
15133
15134
15135
15136
15137
15138
15139
15140
15141
15142
15143
15144
15145
15146
15147
15148
15149
15150
15151
15152
15153
15154
15155
15156
15157
15158
15159
15160
15161
15162
15163
15164
15165
15166
15167
15168
15169
15170
15171
15172
15173
15174
15175
15176
15177
15178
15179
15180
15181
15182
15183
15184
15185
15186
15187
15188
15189
15190
15191
15192
15193
15194
15195
15196
15197
15198
15199
15200
15201
15202
15203
15204
15205
15206
15207
15208
15209
15210
15211
15212
15213
15214
15215
15216
15217
15218
15219
15220
15221
15222
15223
15224
15225
15226
15227
15228
15229
15230
15231
15232
15233
15234
15235
15236
15237
15238
15239
15240
15241
15242
15243
15244
15245
15246
15247
15248
15249
15250
15251
15252
15253
15254
15255
15256
15257
15258
15259
15260
15261
15262
15263
15264
15265
15266
15267
15268
15269
15270
15271
15272
15273
15274
15275
15276
15277
15278
15279
15280
15281
15282
15283
15284
15285
15286
15287
15288
15289
15290
15291
15292
15293
15294
15295
15296
15297
15298
15299
15300
15301
15302
15303
15304
15305
15306
15307
15308
15309
15310
15311
15312
15313
15314
15315
15316
15317
15318
15319
15320
15321
15322
15323
15324
15325
15326
15327
15328
15329
15330
15331
15332
15333
15334
15335
15336
15337
15338
15339
15340
15341
15342
15343
15344
15345
15346
15347
15348
15349
15350
15351
15352
15353
15354
15355
15356
15357
15358
15359
15360
15361
15362
15363
15364
15365
15366
15367
15368
15369
15370
15371
15372
15373
15374
15375
15376
15377
15378
15379
15380
15381
15382
15383
15384
15385
15386
15387
15388
15389
15390
15391
15392
15393
15394
15395
15396
15397
15398
15399
15400
15401
15402
15403
15404
15405
15406
15407
15408
15409
15410
15411
15412
15413
15414
15415
15416
15417
15418
15419
15420
15421
15422
15423
15424
15425
15426
15427
15428
15429
15430
15431
15432
15433
15434
15435
15436
15437
15438
15439
15440
15441
15442
15443
15444
15445
15446
15447
15448
15449
15450
15451
15452
15453
15454
15455
15456
15457
15458
15459
15460
15461
15462
15463
15464
15465
15466
15467
15468
15469
15470
15471
15472
15473
15474
15475
15476
15477
15478
15479
15480
15481
15482
15483
15484
15485
15486
15487
15488
15489
15490
15491
15492
15493
15494
15495
15496
15497
15498
15499
15500
15501
15502
15503
15504
15505
15506
15507
15508
15509
15510
15511
15512
15513
15514
15515
15516
15517
15518
15519
15520
15521
15522
15523
15524
15525
15526
15527
15528
15529
15530
15531
15532
15533
15534
15535
15536
15537
15538
15539
15540
15541
15542
15543
15544
15545
15546
15547
15548
15549
15550
15551
15552
15553
15554
15555
15556
15557
15558
15559
15560
15561
15562
15563
15564
15565
15566
15567
15568
15569
15570
15571
15572
15573
15574
15575
15576
15577
15578
15579
15580
15581
15582
15583
15584
15585
15586
15587
15588
15589
15590
15591
15592
15593
15594
15595
15596
15597
15598
15599
15600
15601
15602
15603
15604
15605
15606
15607
15608
15609
15610
15611
15612
15613
15614
15615
15616
15617
15618
15619
15620
15621
15622
15623
15624
15625
15626
15627
15628
15629
15630
15631
15632
15633
15634
15635
15636
15637
15638
15639
15640
15641
15642
15643
15644
15645
15646
15647
15648
15649
15650
15651
15652
15653
15654
15655
15656
15657
15658
15659
15660
15661
15662
15663
15664
15665
15666
15667
15668
15669
15670
15671
15672
15673
15674
15675
15676
15677
15678
15679
15680
15681
15682
15683
15684
15685
15686
15687
15688
15689
15690
15691
15692
15693
15694
15695
15696
15697
15698
15699
15700
15701
15702
15703
15704
15705
15706
15707
15708
15709
15710
15711
15712
15713
15714
15715
15716
15717
15718
15719
15720
15721
15722
15723
15724
15725
15726
15727
15728
15729
15730
15731
15732
15733
15734
15735
15736
15737
15738
15739
15740
15741
15742
15743
15744
15745
15746
15747
15748
15749
15750
15751
15752
15753
15754
15755
15756
15757
15758
15759
15760
15761
15762
15763
15764
15765
15766
15767
15768
15769
15770
15771
15772
15773
15774
15775
15776
15777
15778
15779
15780
15781
15782
15783
15784
15785
15786
15787
15788
15789
15790
15791
15792
15793
15794
15795
15796
15797
15798
15799
15800
15801
15802
15803
15804
15805
15806
15807
15808
15809
15810
15811
15812
15813
15814
15815
15816
15817
15818
15819
15820
15821
15822
15823
15824
15825
15826
15827
15828
15829
15830
15831
15832
15833
15834
15835
15836
15837
15838
15839
15840
15841
15842
15843
15844
15845
15846
15847
15848
15849
15850
15851
15852
15853
15854
15855
15856
15857
15858
15859
15860
15861
15862
15863
15864
15865
15866
15867
15868
15869
15870
15871
15872
15873
15874
15875
15876
15877
15878
15879
15880
15881
15882
15883
15884
15885
15886
15887
15888
15889
15890
15891
15892
15893
15894
15895
15896
15897
15898
15899
15900
15901
15902
15903
15904
15905
15906
15907
15908
15909
15910
15911
15912
15913
15914
15915
15916
15917
15918
15919
15920
15921
15922
15923
15924
15925
15926
15927
15928
15929
15930
15931
15932
15933
15934
15935
15936
15937
15938
15939
15940
15941
15942
15943
15944
15945
15946
15947
15948
15949
15950
15951
15952
15953
15954
15955
15956
15957
15958
15959
15960
15961
15962
15963
15964
15965
15966
15967
15968
15969
15970
15971
15972
15973
15974
15975
15976
15977
15978
15979
15980
15981
15982
15983
15984
15985
15986
15987
15988
15989
15990
15991
15992
15993
15994
15995
15996
15997
15998
15999
16000
16001
16002
16003
16004
16005
16006
16007
16008
16009
16010
16011
16012
16013
16014
16015
16016
16017
16018
16019
16020
16021
16022
16023
16024
16025
16026
16027
16028
16029
16030
16031
16032
16033
16034
16035
16036
16037
16038
16039
16040
16041
16042
16043
16044
16045
16046
16047
16048
16049
16050
16051
16052
16053
16054
16055
16056
16057
16058
16059
16060
16061
16062
16063
16064
16065
16066
16067
16068
16069
16070
16071
16072
16073
16074
16075
16076
16077
16078
16079
16080
16081
16082
16083
16084
16085
16086
16087
16088
16089
16090
16091
16092
16093
16094
16095
16096
16097
16098
16099
16100
16101
16102
16103
16104
16105
16106
16107
16108
16109
16110
16111
16112
16113
16114
16115
16116
16117
16118
16119
16120
16121
16122
16123
16124
16125
16126
16127
16128
16129
16130
16131
16132
16133
16134
16135
16136
16137
16138
16139
16140
16141
16142
16143
16144
16145
16146
16147
16148
16149
16150
16151
16152
16153
16154
16155
16156
16157
16158
16159
16160
16161
16162
16163
16164
16165
16166
16167
16168
16169
16170
16171
16172
16173
16174
16175
16176
16177
16178
16179
16180
16181
16182
16183
16184
16185
16186
16187
16188
16189
16190
16191
16192
16193
16194
16195
16196
16197
16198
16199
16200
16201
16202
16203
16204
16205
16206
16207
16208
16209
16210
16211
16212
16213
16214
16215
16216
16217
16218
16219
16220
16221
16222
16223
16224
16225
16226
16227
16228
16229
16230
16231
16232
16233
16234
16235
16236
16237
16238
16239
16240
16241
16242
16243
16244
16245
16246
16247
16248
16249
16250
16251
16252
16253
16254
16255
16256
16257
16258
16259
16260
16261
16262
16263
16264
16265
16266
16267
16268
16269
16270
16271
16272
16273
16274
16275
16276
16277
16278
16279
16280
16281
16282
16283
16284
16285
16286
16287
16288
16289
16290
16291
16292
16293
16294
16295
16296
16297
16298
16299
16300
16301
16302
16303
16304
16305
16306
16307
16308
16309
16310
16311
16312
16313
16314
16315
16316
16317
16318
16319
16320
16321
16322
16323
16324
16325
16326
16327
16328
16329
16330
16331
16332
16333
16334
16335
16336
16337
16338
16339
16340
16341
16342
16343
16344
16345
16346
16347
16348
16349
16350
16351
16352
16353
16354
16355
16356
16357
16358
16359
16360
16361
16362
16363
16364
16365
16366
16367
16368
16369
16370
16371
16372
16373
16374
16375
16376
16377
16378
16379
16380
16381
16382
16383
16384
16385
16386
16387
16388
16389
16390
16391
16392
16393
16394
16395
16396
16397
16398
16399
16400
16401
16402
16403
16404
16405
16406
16407
16408
16409
16410
16411
16412
16413
16414
16415
16416
16417
16418
16419
16420
16421
16422
16423
16424
16425
16426
16427
16428
16429
16430
16431
16432
16433
16434
16435
16436
16437
16438
16439
16440
16441
16442
16443
16444
16445
16446
16447
16448
16449
16450
16451
16452
16453
16454
16455
16456
16457
16458
16459
16460
16461
16462
16463
16464
16465
16466
16467
16468
16469
16470
16471
16472
16473
16474
16475
16476
16477
16478
16479
16480
16481
16482
16483
16484
16485
16486
16487
16488
16489
16490
16491
16492
16493
16494
16495
16496
16497
16498
16499
16500
16501
16502
16503
16504
16505
16506
16507
16508
16509
16510
16511
16512
16513
16514
16515
16516
16517
16518
16519
16520
16521
16522
16523
16524
16525
16526
16527
16528
16529
16530
16531
16532
16533
16534
16535
16536
16537
16538
16539
16540
16541
16542
16543
16544
16545
16546
16547
16548
16549
16550
16551
16552
16553
16554
16555
16556
16557
16558
16559
16560
16561
16562
16563
16564
16565
16566
16567
16568
16569
16570
16571
16572
16573
16574
16575
16576
16577
16578
16579
16580
16581
16582
16583
16584
16585
16586
16587
16588
16589
16590
16591
16592
16593
16594
16595
16596
16597
16598
16599
16600
16601
16602
16603
16604
16605
16606
16607
16608
16609
16610
16611
16612
16613
16614
16615
16616
16617
16618
16619
16620
16621
16622
16623
16624
16625
16626
16627
16628
16629
16630
16631
16632
16633
16634
16635
16636
16637
16638
16639
16640
16641
16642
16643
16644
16645
16646
16647
16648
16649
16650
16651
16652
16653
16654
16655
16656
16657
16658
16659
16660
16661
16662
16663
16664
16665
16666
16667
16668
16669
16670
16671
16672
16673
16674
16675
16676
16677
16678
16679
16680
16681
16682
16683
16684
16685
16686
16687
16688
16689
16690
16691
16692
16693
16694
16695
16696
16697
16698
16699
16700
16701
16702
16703
16704
16705
16706
16707
16708
16709
16710
16711
16712
16713
16714
16715
16716
16717
16718
16719
16720
16721
16722
16723
16724
16725
16726
16727
16728
16729
16730
16731
16732
16733
16734
16735
16736
16737
16738
16739
16740
16741
16742
16743
16744
16745
16746
16747
16748
16749
16750
16751
16752
16753
16754
16755
16756
16757
16758
16759
16760
16761
16762
16763
16764
16765
16766
16767
16768
16769
16770
16771
16772
16773
16774
16775
16776
16777
16778
16779
16780
16781
16782
16783
16784
16785
16786
16787
16788
16789
16790
16791
16792
16793
16794
16795
16796
16797
16798
16799
16800
16801
16802
16803
16804
16805
16806
16807
16808
16809
16810
16811
16812
16813
16814
16815
16816
16817
16818
16819
16820
16821
16822
16823
16824
16825
16826
16827
16828
16829
16830
16831
16832
16833
16834
16835
16836
16837
16838
16839
16840
16841
16842
16843
16844
16845
16846
16847
16848
16849
16850
16851
16852
16853
16854
16855
16856
16857
16858
16859
16860
16861
16862
16863
16864
16865
16866
16867
16868
16869
16870
16871
16872
16873
16874
16875
16876
16877
16878
16879
16880
16881
16882
16883
16884
16885
16886
16887
16888
16889
16890
16891
16892
16893
16894
16895
16896
16897
16898
16899
16900
16901
16902
16903
16904
16905
16906
16907
16908
16909
16910
16911
16912
16913
16914
16915
16916
16917
16918
16919
16920
16921
16922
16923
16924
16925
16926
16927
16928
16929
16930
16931
16932
16933
16934
16935
16936
16937
16938
16939
16940
16941
16942
16943
16944
16945
16946
16947
16948
16949
16950
16951
16952
16953
16954
16955
16956
16957
16958
16959
16960
16961
16962
16963
16964
16965
16966
16967
16968
16969
16970
16971
16972
16973
16974
16975
16976
16977
16978
16979
16980
16981
16982
16983
16984
16985
16986
16987
16988
16989
16990
16991
16992
16993
16994
16995
16996
16997
16998
16999
17000
17001
17002
17003
17004
17005
17006
17007
17008
17009
17010
17011
17012
17013
17014
17015
17016
17017
17018
17019
17020
17021
17022
17023
17024
17025
17026
17027
17028
17029
17030
17031
17032
17033
17034
17035
17036
17037
17038
17039
17040
17041
17042
17043
17044
17045
17046
17047
17048
17049
17050
17051
17052
17053
17054
17055
17056
17057
17058
17059
17060
17061
17062
17063
17064
17065
17066
17067
17068
17069
17070
17071
17072
17073
17074
17075
17076
17077
17078
17079
17080
17081
17082
17083
17084
17085
17086
17087
17088
17089
17090
17091
17092
17093
17094
17095
17096
17097
17098
17099
17100
17101
17102
17103
17104
17105
17106
17107
17108
17109
17110
17111
17112
17113
17114
17115
17116
17117
17118
17119
17120
17121
17122
17123
17124
17125
17126
17127
17128
17129
17130
17131
17132
17133
17134
17135
17136
17137
17138
17139
17140
17141
17142
17143
17144
17145
17146
17147
17148
17149
17150
17151
17152
17153
17154
17155
17156
17157
17158
17159
17160
17161
17162
17163
17164
17165
17166
17167
17168
17169
17170
17171
17172
17173
17174
17175
17176
17177
17178
17179
17180
17181
17182
17183
17184
17185
17186
17187
17188
17189
17190
17191
17192
17193
17194
17195
17196
17197
17198
17199
17200
17201
17202
17203
17204
17205
17206
17207
17208
17209
17210
17211
17212
17213
17214
17215
17216
17217
17218
17219
17220
17221
17222
17223
17224
17225
17226
17227
17228
17229
17230
17231
17232
17233
17234
17235
17236
17237
17238
17239
17240
17241
17242
17243
17244
17245
17246
17247
17248
17249
17250
17251
17252
17253
17254
17255
17256
17257
17258
17259
17260
17261
17262
17263
17264
17265
17266
17267
17268
17269
17270
17271
17272
17273
17274
17275
17276
17277
17278
17279
17280
17281
17282
17283
17284
17285
17286
17287
17288
17289
17290
17291
17292
17293
17294
17295
17296
17297
17298
17299
17300
17301
17302
17303
17304
17305
17306
17307
17308
17309
17310
17311
17312
17313
17314
17315
17316
17317
17318
17319
17320
17321
17322
17323
17324
17325
17326
17327
17328
17329
17330
17331
17332
17333
17334
17335
17336
17337
17338
17339
17340
17341
17342
17343
17344
17345
17346
17347
17348
17349
17350
17351
17352
17353
17354
17355
17356
17357
17358
17359
17360
17361
17362
17363
17364
17365
17366
17367
17368
17369
17370
17371
17372
17373
17374
17375
17376
17377
17378
17379
17380
17381
17382
17383
17384
17385
17386
17387
17388
17389
17390
17391
17392
17393
17394
17395
17396
17397
17398
17399
17400
17401
17402
17403
17404
17405
17406
17407
17408
17409
17410
17411
17412
17413
17414
17415
17416
17417
17418
17419
17420
17421
17422
17423
17424
17425
17426
17427
17428
17429
17430
17431
17432
17433
17434
17435
17436
17437
17438
17439
17440
17441
17442
17443
17444
17445
17446
17447
17448
17449
17450
17451
17452
17453
17454
17455
17456
17457
17458
17459
17460
17461
17462
17463
17464
17465
17466
17467
17468
17469
17470
17471
17472
17473
17474
17475
17476
17477
17478
17479
17480
17481
17482
17483
17484
17485
17486
17487
17488
17489
17490
17491
17492
17493
17494
17495
17496
17497
17498
17499
17500
17501
17502
17503
17504
17505
17506
17507
17508
17509
17510
17511
17512
17513
17514
17515
17516
17517
17518
17519
17520
17521
17522
17523
17524
17525
17526
17527
17528
17529
17530
17531
17532
17533
17534
17535
17536
17537
17538
17539
17540
17541
17542
17543
17544
17545
17546
17547
17548
17549
17550
17551
17552
17553
17554
17555
17556
17557
17558
17559
17560
17561
17562
17563
17564
17565
17566
17567
17568
17569
17570
17571
17572
17573
17574
17575
17576
17577
17578
17579
17580
17581
17582
17583
17584
17585
17586
17587
17588
17589
17590
17591
17592
17593
17594
17595
17596
17597
17598
17599
17600
17601
17602
17603
17604
17605
17606
17607
17608
17609
17610
17611
17612
17613
17614
17615
17616
17617
17618
17619
17620
17621
17622
17623
17624
17625
17626
17627
17628
17629
17630
17631
17632
17633
17634
17635
17636
17637
17638
17639
17640
17641
17642
17643
17644
17645
17646
17647
17648
17649
17650
17651
17652
17653
17654
17655
17656
17657
17658
17659
17660
17661
17662
17663
17664
17665
17666
17667
17668
17669
17670
17671
17672
17673
17674
17675
17676
17677
17678
17679
17680
17681
17682
17683
17684
17685
17686
17687
17688
17689
17690
17691
17692
17693
17694
17695
17696
17697
17698
17699
17700
17701
17702
17703
17704
17705
17706
17707
17708
17709
17710
17711
17712
17713
17714
17715
17716
17717
17718
17719
17720
17721
17722
17723
17724
17725
17726
17727
17728
17729
17730
17731
17732
17733
17734
17735
17736
17737
17738
17739
17740
17741
17742
17743
17744
17745
17746
17747
17748
17749
17750
17751
17752
17753
17754
17755
17756
17757
17758
17759
17760
17761
17762
17763
17764
17765
17766
17767
17768
17769
17770
17771
17772
17773
17774
17775
17776
17777
17778
17779
17780
17781
17782
17783
17784
17785
17786
17787
17788
17789
17790
17791
17792
17793
17794
17795
17796
17797
17798
17799
17800
17801
17802
17803
17804
17805
17806
17807
17808
17809
17810
17811
17812
17813
17814
17815
17816
17817
17818
17819
17820
17821
17822
17823
17824
17825
17826
17827
17828
17829
17830
17831
17832
17833
17834
17835
17836
17837
17838
17839
17840
17841
17842
17843
17844
17845
17846
17847
17848
17849
17850
17851
17852
17853
17854
17855
17856
17857
17858
17859
17860
17861
17862
17863
17864
17865
17866
17867
17868
17869
17870
17871
17872
17873
17874
17875
17876
17877
17878
17879
17880
17881
17882
17883
17884
17885
17886
17887
17888
17889
17890
17891
17892
17893
17894
17895
17896
17897
17898
17899
17900
17901
17902
17903
17904
17905
17906
17907
17908
17909
17910
17911
17912
17913
17914
17915
17916
17917
17918
17919
17920
17921
17922
17923
17924
17925
17926
17927
17928
17929
17930
17931
17932
17933
17934
17935
17936
17937
17938
17939
17940
17941
17942
17943
17944
17945
17946
17947
17948
17949
17950
17951
17952
17953
17954
17955
17956
17957
17958
17959
17960
17961
17962
17963
17964
17965
17966
17967
17968
17969
17970
17971
17972
17973
17974
17975
17976
17977
17978
17979
17980
17981
17982
17983
17984
17985
17986
17987
17988
17989
17990
17991
17992
17993
17994
17995
17996
17997
17998
17999
18000
18001
18002
18003
18004
18005
18006
18007
18008
18009
18010
18011
18012
18013
18014
18015
18016
18017
18018
18019
18020
18021
18022
18023
18024
18025
18026
18027
18028
18029
18030
18031
18032
18033
18034
18035
18036
18037
18038
18039
18040
18041
18042
18043
18044
18045
18046
18047
18048
18049
18050
18051
18052
18053
18054
18055
18056
18057
18058
18059
18060
18061
18062
18063
18064
18065
18066
18067
18068
18069
18070
18071
18072
18073
18074
18075
18076
18077
18078
18079
18080
18081
18082
18083
18084
18085
18086
18087
18088
18089
18090
18091
18092
18093
18094
18095
18096
18097
18098
18099
18100
18101
18102
18103
18104
18105
18106
18107
18108
18109
18110
18111
18112
18113
18114
18115
18116
18117
18118
18119
18120
18121
18122
18123
18124
18125
18126
18127
18128
18129
18130
18131
18132
18133
18134
18135
18136
18137
18138
18139
18140
18141
18142
18143
18144
18145
18146
18147
18148
18149
18150
18151
18152
18153
18154
18155
18156
18157
18158
18159
18160
18161
18162
18163
18164
18165
18166
18167
18168
18169
18170
18171
18172
18173
18174
18175
18176
18177
18178
18179
18180
18181
18182
18183
18184
18185
18186
18187
18188
18189
18190
18191
18192
18193
18194
18195
18196
18197
18198
18199
18200
18201
18202
18203
18204
18205
18206
18207
18208
18209
18210
18211
18212
18213
18214
18215
18216
18217
18218
18219
18220
18221
18222
18223
18224
18225
18226
18227
18228
18229
18230
18231
18232
18233
18234
18235
18236
18237
18238
18239
18240
18241
18242
18243
18244
18245
18246
18247
18248
18249
18250
18251
18252
18253
18254
18255
18256
18257
18258
18259
18260
18261
18262
18263
18264
18265
18266
18267
18268
18269
18270
18271
18272
18273
18274
18275
18276
18277
18278
18279
18280
18281
18282
18283
18284
18285
18286
18287
18288
18289
18290
18291
18292
18293
18294
18295
18296
18297
18298
18299
18300
18301
18302
18303
18304
18305
18306
18307
18308
18309
18310
18311
18312
18313
18314
18315
18316
18317
18318
18319
18320
18321
18322
18323
18324
18325
18326
18327
18328
18329
18330
18331
18332
18333
18334
18335
18336
18337
18338
18339
18340
18341
18342
18343
18344
18345
18346
18347
18348
18349
18350
18351
18352
18353
18354
18355
18356
18357
18358
18359
18360
18361
18362
18363
18364
18365
18366
18367
18368
18369
18370
18371
18372
18373
18374
18375
18376
18377
18378
18379
18380
18381
18382
18383
18384
18385
18386
18387
18388
18389
18390
18391
18392
18393
18394
18395
18396
18397
18398
18399
18400
18401
18402
18403
18404
18405
18406
18407
18408
18409
18410
18411
18412
18413
18414
18415
18416
18417
18418
18419
18420
18421
18422
18423
18424
18425
18426
18427
18428
18429
18430
18431
18432
18433
18434
18435
18436
18437
18438
18439
18440
18441
18442
18443
18444
18445
18446
18447
18448
18449
18450
18451
18452
18453
18454
18455
18456
18457
18458
18459
18460
18461
18462
18463
18464
18465
18466
18467
18468
18469
18470
18471
18472
18473
18474
18475
18476
18477
18478
18479
18480
18481
18482
18483
18484
18485
18486
18487
18488
18489
18490
18491
18492
18493
18494
18495
18496
18497
18498
18499
18500
18501
18502
18503
18504
18505
18506
18507
18508
18509
18510
18511
18512
18513
18514
18515
18516
18517
18518
18519
18520
18521
18522
18523
18524
18525
18526
18527
18528
18529
18530
18531
18532
18533
18534
18535
18536
18537
18538
18539
18540
18541
18542
18543
18544
18545
18546
18547
18548
18549
18550
18551
18552
18553
18554
18555
18556
18557
18558
18559
18560
18561
18562
18563
18564
18565
18566
18567
18568
18569
18570
18571
18572
18573
18574
18575
18576
18577
18578
18579
18580
18581
18582
18583
18584
18585
18586
18587
18588
18589
18590
18591
18592
18593
18594
18595
18596
18597
18598
18599
18600
18601
18602
18603
18604
18605
18606
18607
18608
18609
18610
18611
18612
18613
18614
18615
18616
18617
18618
18619
18620
18621
18622
18623
18624
18625
18626
18627
18628
18629
18630
18631
18632
18633
18634
18635
18636
18637
18638
18639
18640
18641
18642
18643
18644
18645
18646
18647
18648
18649
18650
18651
18652
18653
18654
18655
18656
18657
18658
18659
18660
18661
18662
18663
18664
18665
18666
18667
18668
18669
18670
18671
18672
18673
18674
18675
18676
18677
18678
18679
18680
18681
18682
18683
18684
18685
18686
18687
18688
18689
18690
18691
18692
18693
18694
18695
18696
18697
18698
18699
18700
18701
18702
18703
18704
18705
18706
18707
18708
18709
18710
18711
18712
18713
18714
18715
18716
18717
18718
18719
18720
18721
18722
18723
18724
18725
18726
18727
18728
18729
18730
18731
18732
18733
18734
18735
18736
18737
18738
18739
18740
18741
18742
18743
18744
18745
18746
18747
18748
18749
18750
18751
18752
18753
18754
18755
18756
18757
18758
18759
18760
18761
18762
18763
18764
18765
18766
18767
18768
18769
18770
18771
18772
18773
18774
18775
18776
18777
18778
18779
18780
18781
18782
18783
18784
18785
18786
18787
18788
18789
18790
18791
18792
18793
18794
18795
18796
18797
18798
18799
18800
18801
18802
18803
18804
18805
18806
18807
18808
18809
18810
18811
18812
18813
18814
18815
18816
18817
18818
18819
18820
18821
18822
18823
18824
18825
18826
18827
18828
18829
18830
18831
18832
18833
18834
18835
18836
18837
18838
18839
18840
18841
18842
18843
18844
18845
18846
18847
18848
18849
18850
18851
18852
18853
18854
18855
18856
18857
18858
18859
18860
18861
18862
18863
18864
18865
18866
18867
18868
18869
18870
18871
18872
18873
18874
18875
18876
18877
18878
18879
18880
18881
18882
18883
18884
18885
18886
18887
18888
18889
18890
18891
18892
18893
18894
18895
18896
18897
18898
18899
18900
18901
18902
18903
18904
18905
18906
18907
18908
18909
18910
18911
18912
18913
18914
18915
18916
18917
18918
18919
18920
18921
18922
18923
18924
18925
18926
18927
18928
18929
18930
18931
18932
18933
18934
18935
18936
18937
18938
18939
18940
18941
18942
18943
18944
18945
18946
18947
18948
18949
18950
18951
18952
18953
18954
18955
18956
18957
18958
18959
18960
18961
18962
18963
18964
18965
18966
18967
18968
18969
18970
18971
18972
18973
18974
18975
18976
18977
18978
18979
18980
18981
18982
18983
18984
18985
18986
18987
18988
18989
18990
18991
18992
18993
18994
18995
18996
18997
18998
18999
19000
19001
19002
19003
19004
19005
19006
19007
19008
19009
19010
19011
19012
19013
19014
19015
19016
19017
19018
19019
19020
19021
19022
19023
19024
19025
19026
19027
19028
19029
19030
19031
19032
19033
19034
19035
19036
19037
19038
19039
19040
19041
19042
19043
19044
19045
19046
19047
19048
19049
19050
19051
19052
19053
19054
19055
19056
19057
19058
19059
19060
19061
19062
19063
19064
19065
19066
19067
19068
19069
19070
19071
19072
19073
19074
19075
19076
19077
19078
19079
19080
19081
19082
19083
19084
19085
19086
19087
19088
19089
19090
19091
19092
19093
19094
19095
19096
19097
19098
19099
19100
19101
19102
19103
19104
19105
19106
19107
19108
19109
19110
19111
19112
19113
19114
19115
19116
19117
19118
19119
19120
19121
19122
19123
19124
19125
19126
19127
19128
19129
19130
19131
19132
19133
19134
19135
19136
19137
19138
19139
19140
19141
19142
19143
19144
19145
19146
19147
19148
19149
19150
19151
19152
19153
19154
19155
19156
19157
19158
19159
19160
19161
19162
19163
19164
19165
19166
19167
19168
19169
19170
19171
19172
19173
19174
19175
19176
19177
19178
19179
19180
19181
19182
19183
19184
19185
19186
19187
19188
19189
19190
19191
19192
19193
19194
19195
19196
19197
19198
19199
19200
19201
19202
19203
19204
19205
19206
19207
19208
19209
19210
19211
19212
19213
19214
19215
19216
19217
19218
19219
19220
19221
19222
19223
19224
19225
19226
19227
19228
19229
19230
19231
19232
19233
19234
19235
19236
19237
19238
19239
19240
19241
19242
19243
19244
19245
19246
19247
19248
19249
19250
19251
19252
19253
19254
19255
19256
19257
19258
19259
19260
19261
19262
19263
19264
19265
19266
19267
19268
19269
19270
19271
19272
19273
19274
19275
19276
19277
19278
19279
19280
19281
19282
19283
19284
19285
19286
19287
19288
19289
19290
19291
19292
19293
19294
19295
19296
19297
19298
19299
19300
19301
19302
19303
19304
19305
19306
19307
19308
19309
19310
19311
19312
19313
19314
19315
19316
19317
19318
19319
19320
19321
19322
19323
19324
19325
19326
19327
19328
19329
19330
19331
19332
19333
19334
19335
19336
19337
19338
19339
19340
19341
19342
19343
19344
19345
19346
19347
19348
19349
19350
19351
19352
19353
19354
19355
19356
19357
19358
19359
19360
19361
19362
19363
19364
19365
19366
19367
19368
19369
19370
19371
19372
19373
19374
19375
19376
19377
19378
19379
19380
19381
19382
19383
19384
19385
19386
19387
19388
19389
19390
19391
19392
19393
19394
19395
19396
19397
19398
19399
19400
19401
19402
19403
19404
19405
19406
19407
19408
19409
19410
19411
19412
19413
19414
19415
19416
19417
19418
19419
19420
19421
19422
19423
19424
19425
19426
19427
19428
19429
19430
19431
19432
19433
19434
19435
19436
19437
19438
19439
19440
19441
19442
19443
19444
19445
19446
19447
19448
19449
19450
19451
19452
19453
19454
19455
19456
19457
19458
19459
19460
19461
19462
19463
19464
19465
19466
19467
19468
19469
19470
19471
19472
19473
19474
19475
19476
19477
19478
19479
19480
19481
19482
19483
19484
19485
19486
19487
19488
19489
19490
19491
19492
19493
19494
19495
19496
19497
19498
19499
19500
19501
19502
19503
19504
19505
19506
19507
19508
19509
19510
19511
19512
19513
19514
19515
19516
19517
19518
19519
19520
19521
19522
19523
19524
19525
19526
19527
19528
19529
19530
19531
19532
19533
19534
19535
19536
19537
19538
19539
19540
19541
19542
19543
19544
19545
19546
19547
19548
19549
19550
19551
19552
19553
19554
19555
19556
19557
19558
19559
19560
19561
19562
19563
19564
19565
19566
19567
19568
19569
19570
19571
19572
19573
19574
19575
19576
19577
19578
19579
19580
19581
19582
19583
19584
19585
19586
19587
19588
19589
19590
19591
19592
19593
19594
19595
19596
19597
19598
19599
19600
19601
19602
19603
19604
19605
19606
19607
19608
19609
19610
19611
19612
19613
19614
19615
19616
19617
19618
19619
19620
19621
19622
19623
19624
19625
19626
19627
19628
19629
19630
19631
19632
19633
19634
19635
19636
19637
19638
19639
19640
19641
19642
19643
19644
19645
19646
19647
19648
19649
19650
19651
19652
19653
19654
19655
19656
19657
19658
19659
19660
19661
19662
19663
19664
19665
19666
19667
19668
19669
19670
19671
19672
19673
19674
19675
19676
19677
19678
19679
19680
19681
19682
19683
19684
19685
19686
19687
19688
19689
19690
19691
19692
19693
19694
19695
19696
19697
19698
19699
19700
19701
19702
19703
19704
19705
19706
19707
19708
19709
19710
19711
19712
19713
19714
19715
19716
19717
19718
19719
19720
19721
19722
19723
19724
19725
19726
19727
19728
19729
19730
19731
19732
19733
19734
19735
19736
19737
19738
19739
19740
19741
19742
19743
19744
19745
19746
19747
19748
19749
19750
19751
19752
19753
19754
19755
19756
19757
19758
19759
19760
19761
19762
19763
19764
19765
19766
19767
19768
19769
19770
19771
19772
19773
19774
19775
19776
19777
19778
19779
19780
19781
19782
19783
19784
19785
19786
19787
19788
19789
19790
19791
19792
19793
19794
19795
19796
19797
19798
19799
19800
19801
19802
19803
19804
19805
19806
19807
19808
19809
19810
19811
19812
19813
19814
19815
19816
19817
19818
19819
19820
19821
19822
19823
19824
19825
19826
19827
19828
19829
19830
19831
19832
19833
19834
19835
19836
19837
19838
19839
19840
19841
19842
19843
19844
19845
19846
19847
19848
19849
19850
19851
19852
19853
19854
19855
19856
19857
19858
19859
19860
19861
19862
19863
19864
19865
19866
19867
19868
19869
19870
19871
19872
19873
19874
19875
19876
19877
19878
19879
19880
19881
19882
19883
19884
19885
19886
19887
19888
19889
19890
19891
19892
19893
19894
19895
19896
19897
19898
19899
19900
19901
19902
19903
19904
19905
19906
19907
19908
19909
19910
19911
19912
19913
19914
19915
19916
19917
19918
19919
19920
19921
19922
19923
19924
19925
19926
19927
19928
19929
19930
19931
19932
19933
19934
19935
19936
19937
19938
19939
19940
19941
19942
19943
19944
19945
19946
19947
19948
19949
19950
19951
19952
19953
19954
19955
19956
19957
19958
19959
19960
19961
19962
19963
19964
19965
19966
19967
19968
19969
19970
19971
19972
19973
19974
19975
19976
19977
19978
19979
19980
19981
19982
19983
19984
19985
19986
19987
19988
19989
19990
19991
19992
19993
19994
19995
19996
19997
19998
19999
20000
20001
20002
20003
20004
20005
20006
20007
20008
20009
20010
20011
20012
20013
20014
20015
20016
20017
20018
20019
20020
20021
20022
20023
20024
20025
20026
20027
20028
20029
20030
20031
20032
20033
20034
20035
20036
20037
20038
20039
20040
20041
20042
20043
20044
20045
20046
20047
20048
20049
20050
20051
20052
20053
20054
20055
20056
20057
20058
20059
20060
20061
20062
20063
20064
20065
20066
20067
20068
20069
20070
20071
20072
20073
20074
20075
20076
20077
20078
20079
20080
20081
20082
20083
20084
20085
20086
20087
20088
20089
20090
20091
20092
20093
20094
20095
20096
20097
20098
20099
20100
20101
20102
20103
20104
20105
20106
20107
20108
20109
20110
20111
20112
20113
20114
20115
20116
20117
20118
20119
20120
20121
20122
20123
20124
20125
20126
20127
20128
20129
20130
20131
20132
20133
20134
20135
20136
20137
20138
20139
20140
20141
20142
20143
20144
20145
20146
20147
20148
20149
20150
20151
20152
20153
20154
20155
20156
20157
20158
20159
20160
20161
20162
20163
20164
20165
20166
20167
20168
20169
20170
20171
20172
20173
20174
20175
20176
20177
20178
20179
20180
20181
20182
20183
20184
20185
20186
20187
20188
20189
20190
20191
20192
20193
20194
20195
20196
20197
20198
20199
20200
20201
20202
20203
20204
20205
20206
20207
20208
20209
20210
20211
20212
20213
20214
20215
20216
20217
20218
20219
20220
20221
20222
20223
20224
20225
20226
20227
20228
20229
20230
20231
20232
20233
20234
20235
20236
20237
20238
20239
20240
20241
20242
20243
20244
20245
20246
20247
20248
20249
20250
20251
20252
20253
20254
20255
20256
20257
20258
20259
20260
20261
20262
20263
20264
20265
20266
20267
20268
20269
20270
20271
20272
20273
20274
20275
20276
20277
20278
20279
20280
20281
20282
20283
20284
20285
20286
20287
20288
20289
20290
20291
20292
20293
20294
20295
20296
20297
20298
20299
20300
20301
20302
20303
20304
20305
20306
20307
20308
20309
20310
20311
20312
20313
20314
20315
20316
20317
20318
20319
20320
20321
20322
20323
20324
20325
20326
20327
20328
20329
20330
20331
20332
20333
20334
20335
20336
20337
20338
20339
20340
20341
20342
20343
20344
20345
20346
20347
20348
20349
20350
20351
20352
20353
20354
20355
20356
20357
20358
20359
20360
20361
20362
20363
20364
20365
20366
20367
20368
20369
20370
20371
20372
20373
20374
20375
20376
20377
20378
20379
20380
20381
20382
20383
20384
20385
20386
20387
20388
20389
20390
20391
20392
20393
20394
20395
20396
20397
20398
20399
20400
20401
20402
20403
20404
20405
20406
20407
20408
20409
20410
20411
20412
20413
20414
20415
20416
20417
20418
20419
20420
20421
20422
20423
20424
20425
20426
20427
20428
20429
20430
20431
20432
20433
20434
20435
20436
20437
20438
20439
20440
20441
20442
20443
20444
20445
20446
20447
20448
20449
20450
20451
20452
20453
20454
20455
20456
20457
20458
20459
20460
20461
20462
20463
20464
20465
20466
20467
20468
20469
20470
20471
20472
20473
20474
20475
20476
20477
20478
20479
20480
20481
20482
20483
20484
20485
20486
20487
20488
20489
20490
20491
20492
20493
20494
20495
20496
20497
20498
20499
20500
20501
20502
20503
20504
20505
20506
20507
20508
20509
20510
20511
20512
20513
20514
20515
20516
20517
20518
20519
20520
20521
20522
20523
20524
20525
20526
20527
20528
20529
20530
20531
20532
20533
20534
20535
20536
20537
20538
20539
20540
20541
20542
20543
20544
20545
20546
20547
20548
20549
20550
20551
20552
20553
20554
20555
20556
20557
20558
20559
20560
20561
20562
20563
20564
20565
20566
20567
20568
20569
20570
20571
20572
20573
20574
20575
20576
20577
20578
20579
20580
20581
20582
20583
20584
20585
20586
20587
20588
20589
20590
20591
20592
20593
20594
20595
20596
20597
20598
20599
20600
20601
20602
20603
20604
20605
20606
20607
20608
20609
20610
20611
20612
20613
20614
20615
20616
20617
20618
20619
20620
20621
20622
20623
20624
20625
20626
20627
20628
20629
20630
20631
20632
20633
20634
20635
20636
20637
20638
20639
20640
20641
20642
20643
20644
20645
20646
20647
20648
20649
20650
20651
20652
20653
20654
20655
20656
20657
20658
20659
20660
20661
20662
20663
20664
20665
20666
20667
20668
20669
20670
20671
20672
20673
20674
20675
20676
20677
20678
20679
20680
20681
20682
20683
20684
20685
20686
20687
20688
20689
20690
20691
20692
20693
20694
20695
20696
20697
20698
20699
20700
20701
20702
20703
20704
20705
20706
20707
20708
20709
20710
20711
20712
20713
20714
20715
20716
20717
20718
20719
20720
20721
20722
20723
20724
20725
20726
20727
20728
20729
20730
20731
20732
20733
20734
20735
20736
20737
20738
20739
20740
20741
20742
20743
20744
20745
20746
20747
20748
20749
20750
20751
20752
20753
20754
20755
20756
20757
20758
20759
20760
20761
20762
20763
20764
20765
20766
20767
20768
20769
20770
20771
20772
20773
20774
20775
20776
20777
20778
20779
20780
20781
20782
20783
20784
20785
20786
20787
20788
20789
20790
20791
20792
20793
20794
20795
20796
20797
20798
20799
20800
20801
20802
20803
20804
20805
20806
20807
20808
20809
20810
20811
20812
20813
20814
20815
20816
20817
20818
20819
20820
20821
20822
20823
20824
20825
20826
20827
20828
20829
20830
20831
20832
20833
20834
20835
20836
20837
20838
20839
20840
20841
20842
20843
20844
20845
20846
20847
20848
20849
20850
20851
20852
20853
20854
20855
20856
20857
20858
20859
20860
20861
20862
20863
20864
20865
20866
20867
20868
20869
20870
20871
20872
20873
20874
20875
20876
20877
20878
20879
20880
20881
20882
20883
20884
20885
20886
20887
20888
20889
20890
20891
20892
20893
20894
20895
20896
20897
20898
20899
20900
20901
20902
20903
20904
20905
20906
20907
20908
20909
20910
20911
20912
20913
20914
20915
20916
20917
20918
20919
20920
20921
20922
20923
20924
20925
20926
20927
20928
20929
20930
20931
20932
20933
20934
20935
20936
20937
20938
20939
20940
20941
20942
20943
20944
20945
20946
20947
20948
20949
20950
20951
20952
20953
20954
20955
20956
20957
20958
20959
20960
20961
20962
20963
20964
20965
20966
20967
20968
20969
20970
20971
20972
20973
20974
20975
20976
20977
20978
20979
20980
20981
20982
20983
20984
20985
20986
20987
20988
20989
20990
20991
20992
20993
20994
20995
20996
20997
20998
20999
21000
21001
21002
21003
21004
21005
21006
21007
21008
21009
21010
21011
21012
21013
21014
21015
21016
21017
21018
21019
21020
21021
21022
21023
21024
21025
21026
21027
21028
21029
21030
21031
21032
21033
21034
21035
21036
21037
21038
21039
21040
21041
21042
21043
21044
21045
21046
21047
21048
21049
21050
21051
21052
21053
21054
21055
21056
21057
21058
21059
21060
21061
21062
21063
21064
21065
21066
21067
21068
21069
21070
21071
21072
21073
21074
21075
21076
21077
21078
21079
21080
21081
21082
21083
21084
21085
21086
21087
21088
21089
21090
21091
21092
21093
21094
21095
21096
21097
21098
21099
21100
21101
21102
21103
21104
21105
21106
21107
21108
21109
21110
21111
21112
21113
21114
21115
21116
21117
21118
21119
21120
21121
21122
21123
21124
21125
21126
21127
21128
21129
21130
21131
21132
21133
21134
21135
21136
21137
21138
21139
21140
21141
21142
21143
21144
21145
21146
21147
21148
21149
21150
21151
21152
21153
21154
21155
21156
21157
21158
21159
21160
21161
21162
21163
21164
21165
21166
21167
21168
21169
21170
21171
21172
21173
21174
21175
21176
21177
21178
21179
21180
21181
21182
21183
21184
21185
21186
21187
21188
21189
21190
21191
21192
21193
21194
21195
21196
21197
21198
21199
21200
21201
21202
21203
21204
21205
21206
21207
21208
21209
21210
21211
21212
21213
21214
21215
21216
21217
21218
21219
21220
21221
21222
21223
21224
21225
21226
21227
21228
21229
21230
21231
21232
21233
21234
21235
21236
21237
21238
21239
21240
21241
21242
21243
21244
21245
21246
21247
21248
21249
21250
21251
21252
21253
21254
21255
21256
21257
21258
21259
21260
21261
21262
21263
21264
21265
21266
21267
21268
21269
21270
21271
21272
21273
21274
21275
21276
21277
21278
21279
21280
21281
21282
21283
21284
21285
21286
21287
21288
21289
21290
21291
21292
21293
21294
21295
21296
21297
21298
21299
21300
21301
21302
21303
21304
21305
21306
21307
21308
21309
21310
21311
21312
21313
21314
21315
21316
21317
21318
21319
21320
21321
21322
21323
21324
21325
21326
21327
21328
21329
21330
21331
21332
21333
21334
21335
21336
21337
21338
21339
21340
21341
21342
21343
21344
21345
21346
21347
21348
21349
21350
21351
21352
21353
21354
21355
21356
21357
21358
21359
21360
21361
21362
21363
21364
21365
21366
21367
21368
21369
21370
21371
21372
21373
21374
21375
21376
21377
21378
21379
21380
21381
21382
21383
21384
21385
21386
21387
21388
21389
21390
21391
21392
21393
21394
21395
21396
21397
21398
21399
21400
21401
21402
21403
21404
21405
21406
21407
21408
21409
21410
21411
21412
21413
21414
21415
21416
21417
21418
21419
21420
21421
21422
21423
21424
21425
21426
21427
21428
21429
21430
21431
21432
21433
21434
21435
21436
21437
21438
21439
21440
21441
21442
21443
21444
21445
21446
21447
21448
21449
21450
21451
21452
21453
21454
21455
21456
21457
21458
21459
21460
21461
21462
21463
21464
21465
21466
21467
21468
21469
21470
21471
21472
21473
21474
21475
21476
21477
21478
21479
21480
21481
21482
21483
21484
21485
21486
21487
21488
21489
21490
21491
21492
21493
21494
21495
21496
21497
21498
21499
21500
21501
21502
21503
21504
21505
21506
21507
21508
21509
21510
21511
21512
21513
21514
21515
21516
21517
21518
21519
21520
21521
21522
21523
21524
21525
21526
21527
21528
21529
21530
21531
21532
21533
21534
21535
21536
21537
21538
21539
21540
21541
21542
21543
21544
21545
21546
21547
21548
21549
21550
21551
21552
21553
21554
21555
21556
21557
21558
21559
21560
21561
21562
21563
21564
21565
21566
21567
21568
21569
21570
21571
21572
21573
21574
21575
21576
21577
21578
21579
21580
21581
21582
21583
21584
21585
21586
21587
21588
21589
21590
21591
21592
21593
21594
21595
21596
21597
21598
21599
21600
21601
21602
21603
21604
21605
21606
21607
21608
21609
21610
21611
21612
21613
21614
21615
21616
21617
21618
21619
21620
21621
21622
21623
21624
21625
21626
21627
21628
21629
21630
21631
21632
21633
21634
21635
21636
21637
21638
21639
21640
21641
21642
21643
21644
21645
21646
21647
21648
21649
21650
21651
21652
21653
21654
21655
21656
21657
21658
21659
21660
21661
21662
21663
21664
21665
21666
21667
21668
21669
21670
21671
21672
21673
21674
21675
21676
21677
21678
21679
21680
21681
21682
21683
21684
21685
21686
21687
21688
21689
21690
21691
21692
21693
21694
21695
21696
21697
21698
21699
21700
21701
21702
21703
21704
21705
21706
21707
21708
21709
21710
21711
21712
21713
21714
21715
21716
21717
21718
21719
21720
21721
21722
21723
21724
21725
21726
21727
21728
21729
21730
21731
21732
21733
21734
21735
21736
21737
21738
21739
21740
21741
21742
21743
21744
21745
21746
21747
21748
21749
21750
21751
21752
21753
21754
21755
21756
21757
21758
21759
21760
21761
21762
21763
21764
21765
21766
21767
21768
21769
21770
21771
21772
21773
21774
21775
21776
21777
21778
21779
21780
21781
21782
21783
21784
21785
21786
21787
21788
21789
21790
21791
21792
21793
21794
21795
21796
21797
21798
21799
21800
21801
21802
21803
21804
21805
21806
21807
21808
21809
21810
21811
21812
21813
21814
21815
21816
21817
21818
21819
21820
21821
21822
21823
21824
21825
21826
21827
21828
21829
21830
21831
21832
21833
21834
21835
21836
21837
21838
21839
21840
21841
21842
21843
21844
21845
21846
21847
21848
21849
21850
21851
21852
21853
21854
21855
21856
21857
21858
21859
21860
21861
21862
21863
21864
21865
21866
21867
21868
21869
21870
21871
21872
21873
21874
21875
21876
21877
21878
21879
21880
21881
21882
21883
21884
21885
21886
21887
21888
21889
21890
21891
21892
21893
21894
21895
21896
21897
21898
21899
21900
21901
21902
21903
21904
21905
21906
21907
21908
21909
21910
21911
21912
21913
21914
21915
21916
21917
21918
21919
21920
21921
21922
21923
21924
21925
21926
21927
21928
21929
21930
21931
21932
21933
21934
21935
21936
21937
21938
21939
21940
21941
21942
21943
21944
21945
21946
21947
21948
21949
21950
21951
21952
21953
21954
21955
21956
21957
21958
21959
21960
21961
21962
21963
21964
21965
21966
21967
21968
21969
21970
21971
21972
21973
21974
21975
21976
21977
21978
21979
21980
21981
21982
21983
21984
21985
21986
21987
21988
21989
21990
21991
21992
21993
21994
21995
21996
21997
21998
21999
22000
22001
22002
22003
22004
22005
22006
22007
22008
22009
22010
22011
22012
22013
22014
22015
22016
22017
22018
22019
22020
22021
22022
22023
22024
22025
22026
22027
22028
22029
22030
22031
22032
22033
22034
22035
22036
22037
22038
22039
22040
22041
22042
22043
22044
22045
22046
22047
22048
22049
22050
22051
22052
22053
22054
22055
22056
22057
22058
22059
22060
22061
22062
22063
22064
22065
22066
22067
22068
22069
22070
22071
22072
22073
22074
22075
22076
22077
22078
22079
22080
22081
22082
22083
22084
22085
22086
22087
22088
22089
22090
22091
22092
22093
22094
22095
22096
22097
22098
22099
22100
22101
22102
22103
22104
22105
22106
22107
22108
22109
22110
22111
22112
22113
22114
22115
22116
22117
22118
22119
22120
22121
22122
22123
22124
22125
22126
22127
22128
22129
22130
22131
22132
22133
22134
22135
22136
22137
22138
22139
22140
22141
22142
22143
22144
22145
22146
22147
22148
22149
22150
22151
22152
22153
22154
22155
22156
22157
22158
22159
22160
22161
22162
22163
22164
22165
22166
22167
22168
22169
22170
22171
22172
22173
22174
22175
22176
22177
22178
22179
22180
22181
22182
22183
22184
22185
22186
22187
22188
22189
22190
22191
22192
22193
22194
22195
22196
22197
22198
22199
22200
22201
22202
22203
22204
22205
22206
22207
22208
22209
22210
22211
22212
22213
22214
22215
22216
22217
22218
22219
22220
22221
22222
22223
22224
22225
22226
22227
22228
22229
22230
22231
22232
22233
22234
22235
22236
22237
22238
22239
22240
22241
22242
22243
22244
22245
22246
22247
22248
22249
22250
22251
22252
22253
22254
22255
22256
22257
22258
22259
22260
22261
22262
22263
22264
22265
22266
22267
22268
22269
22270
22271
22272
22273
22274
22275
22276
22277
22278
22279
22280
22281
22282
22283
22284
22285
22286
22287
22288
22289
22290
22291
22292
22293
22294
22295
22296
22297
22298
22299
22300
22301
22302
22303
22304
22305
22306
22307
22308
22309
22310
22311
22312
22313
22314
22315
22316
22317
22318
22319
22320
22321
22322
22323
22324
22325
22326
22327
22328
22329
22330
22331
22332
22333
22334
22335
22336
22337
22338
22339
22340
22341
22342
22343
22344
22345
22346
22347
22348
22349
22350
22351
22352
22353
22354
22355
22356
22357
22358
22359
22360
22361
22362
22363
22364
22365
22366
22367
22368
22369
22370
22371
22372
22373
22374
22375
22376
22377
22378
22379
22380
22381
22382
22383
22384
22385
22386
22387
22388
22389
22390
22391
22392
22393
22394
22395
22396
22397
22398
22399
22400
22401
22402
22403
22404
22405
22406
22407
22408
22409
22410
22411
22412
22413
22414
22415
22416
22417
22418
22419
22420
22421
22422
22423
22424
22425
22426
22427
22428
22429
22430
22431
22432
22433
22434
22435
22436
22437
22438
22439
22440
22441
22442
22443
22444
22445
22446
22447
22448
22449
22450
22451
22452
22453
22454
22455
22456
22457
22458
22459
22460
22461
22462
22463
22464
22465
22466
22467
22468
22469
22470
22471
22472
22473
22474
22475
22476
22477
22478
22479
22480
22481
22482
22483
22484
22485
22486
22487
22488
22489
22490
22491
22492
22493
22494
22495
22496
22497
22498
22499
22500
22501
22502
22503
22504
22505
22506
22507
22508
22509
22510
22511
22512
22513
22514
22515
22516
22517
22518
22519
22520
22521
22522
22523
22524
22525
22526
22527
22528
22529
22530
22531
22532
22533
22534
22535
22536
22537
22538
22539
22540
22541
22542
22543
22544
22545
22546
22547
22548
22549
22550
22551
22552
22553
22554
22555
22556
22557
22558
22559
22560
22561
22562
22563
22564
22565
22566
22567
22568
22569
22570
22571
22572
22573
22574
22575
22576
22577
22578
22579
22580
22581
22582
22583
22584
22585
22586
22587
22588
22589
22590
22591
22592
22593
22594
22595
22596
22597
22598
22599
22600
22601
22602
22603
22604
22605
22606
22607
22608
22609
22610
22611
22612
22613
22614
22615
22616
22617
22618
22619
22620
22621
22622
22623
22624
22625
22626
22627
22628
22629
22630
22631
22632
22633
22634
22635
22636
22637
22638
22639
22640
22641
22642
22643
22644
22645
22646
22647
22648
22649
22650
22651
22652
22653
22654
22655
22656
22657
22658
22659
22660
22661
22662
22663
22664
22665
22666
22667
22668
22669
22670
22671
22672
22673
22674
22675
22676
22677
22678
22679
22680
22681
22682
22683
22684
22685
22686
22687
22688
22689
22690
22691
22692
22693
22694
22695
22696
22697
22698
22699
22700
22701
22702
22703
22704
22705
22706
22707
22708
22709
22710
22711
22712
22713
22714
22715
22716
22717
22718
22719
22720
22721
22722
22723
22724
22725
22726
22727
22728
22729
22730
22731
22732
22733
22734
22735
22736
22737
22738
22739
22740
22741
22742
22743
22744
22745
22746
22747
22748
22749
22750
22751
22752
22753
22754
22755
22756
22757
22758
22759
22760
22761
22762
22763
22764
22765
22766
22767
22768
22769
22770
22771
22772
22773
22774
22775
22776
22777
22778
22779
22780
22781
22782
22783
22784
22785
22786
22787
22788
22789
22790
22791
22792
22793
22794
22795
22796
22797
22798
22799
22800
22801
22802
22803
22804
22805
22806
22807
22808
22809
22810
22811
22812
22813
22814
22815
22816
22817
22818
22819
22820
22821
22822
22823
22824
22825
22826
22827
22828
22829
22830
22831
22832
22833
22834
22835
22836
22837
22838
22839
22840
22841
22842
22843
22844
22845
22846
22847
22848
22849
22850
22851
22852
22853
22854
22855
22856
22857
22858
22859
22860
22861
22862
22863
22864
22865
22866
22867
22868
22869
22870
22871
22872
22873
22874
22875
22876
22877
22878
22879
22880
22881
22882
22883
22884
22885
22886
22887
22888
22889
22890
22891
22892
22893
22894
22895
22896
22897
22898
22899
22900
22901
22902
22903
22904
22905
22906
22907
22908
22909
22910
22911
22912
22913
22914
22915
22916
22917
22918
22919
22920
22921
22922
22923
22924
22925
22926
22927
22928
22929
22930
22931
22932
22933
22934
22935
22936
22937
22938
22939
22940
22941
22942
22943
22944
22945
22946
22947
22948
22949
22950
22951
22952
22953
22954
22955
22956
22957
22958
22959
22960
22961
22962
22963
22964
22965
22966
22967
22968
22969
22970
22971
22972
22973
22974
22975
22976
22977
22978
22979
22980
22981
22982
22983
22984
22985
22986
22987
22988
22989
22990
22991
22992
22993
22994
22995
22996
22997
22998
22999
23000
23001
23002
23003
23004
23005
23006
23007
23008
23009
23010
23011
23012
23013
23014
23015
23016
23017
23018
23019
23020
23021
23022
23023
23024
23025
23026
23027
23028
23029
23030
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
23036
23037
23038
23039
23040
23041
23042
23043
23044
23045
23046
23047
23048
23049
23050
23051
23052
23053
23054
23055
23056
23057
23058
23059
23060
23061
23062
23063
23064
23065
23066
23067
23068
23069
23070
23071
23072
23073
23074
23075
23076
23077
23078
23079
23080
23081
23082
23083
23084
23085
23086
23087
23088
23089
23090
23091
23092
23093
23094
23095
23096
23097
23098
23099
23100
23101
23102
23103
23104
23105
23106
23107
23108
23109
23110
23111
23112
23113
23114
23115
23116
23117
23118
23119
23120
23121
23122
23123
23124
23125
23126
23127
23128
23129
23130
23131
23132
23133
23134
23135
23136
23137
23138
23139
23140
23141
23142
23143
23144
23145
23146
23147
23148
23149
23150
23151
23152
23153
23154
23155
23156
23157
23158
23159
23160
23161
23162
23163
23164
23165
23166
23167
23168
23169
23170
23171
23172
23173
23174
23175
23176
23177
23178
23179
23180
23181
23182
23183
23184
23185
23186
23187
23188
23189
23190
23191
23192
23193
23194
23195
23196
23197
23198
23199
23200
23201
23202
23203
23204
23205
23206
23207
23208
23209
23210
23211
23212
23213
23214
23215
23216
23217
23218
23219
23220
23221
23222
23223
23224
23225
23226
23227
23228
23229
23230
23231
23232
23233
23234
23235
23236
23237
23238
23239
23240
23241
23242
23243
23244
23245
23246
23247
23248
23249
23250
23251
23252
23253
23254
23255
23256
23257
23258
23259
23260
23261
23262
23263
23264
23265
23266
23267
23268
23269
23270
23271
23272
23273
23274
23275
23276
23277
23278
23279
23280
23281
23282
23283
23284
23285
23286
23287
23288
23289
23290
23291
23292
23293
23294
23295
23296
23297
23298
23299
23300
23301
23302
23303
23304
23305
23306
23307
23308
23309
23310
23311
23312
23313
23314
23315
23316
23317
23318
23319
23320
23321
23322
23323
23324
23325
23326
23327
23328
23329
23330
23331
23332
23333
23334
23335
23336
23337
23338
23339
23340
23341
23342
23343
23344
23345
23346
23347
23348
23349
23350
23351
23352
23353
23354
23355
23356
23357
23358
23359
23360
23361
23362
23363
23364
23365
23366
23367
23368
23369
23370
23371
23372
23373
23374
23375
23376
23377
23378
23379
23380
23381
23382
23383
23384
23385
23386
23387
23388
23389
23390
23391
23392
23393
23394
23395
23396
23397
23398
23399
23400
23401
23402
23403
23404
23405
23406
23407
23408
23409
23410
23411
23412
23413
23414
23415
23416
23417
23418
23419
23420
23421
23422
23423
23424
23425
23426
23427
23428
23429
23430
23431
23432
23433
23434
23435
23436
23437
23438
23439
23440
23441
23442
23443
23444
23445
23446
23447
23448
23449
23450
23451
23452
23453
23454
23455
23456
23457
23458
23459
23460
23461
23462
23463
23464
23465
23466
23467
23468
23469
23470
23471
23472
23473
23474
23475
23476
23477
23478
23479
23480
23481
23482
23483
23484
23485
23486
23487
23488
23489
23490
23491
23492
23493
23494
23495
23496
23497
23498
23499
23500
23501
23502
23503
23504
23505
23506
23507
23508
23509
23510
23511
23512
23513
23514
23515
23516
23517
23518
23519
23520
23521
23522
23523
23524
23525
23526
23527
23528
23529
23530
23531
23532
23533
23534
23535
23536
23537
23538
23539
23540
23541
23542
23543
23544
23545
23546
23547
23548
23549
23550
23551
23552
23553
23554
23555
23556
23557
23558
23559
23560
23561
23562
23563
23564
23565
23566
23567
23568
23569
23570
23571
23572
23573
23574
23575
23576
23577
23578
23579
23580
23581
23582
23583
23584
23585
23586
23587
23588
23589
23590
23591
23592
23593
23594
23595
23596
23597
23598
23599
23600
23601
23602
23603
23604
23605
23606
23607
23608
23609
23610
23611
23612
23613
23614
23615
23616
23617
23618
23619
23620
23621
23622
23623
23624
23625
23626
23627
23628
23629
23630
23631
23632
23633
23634
23635
23636
23637
23638
23639
23640
23641
23642
23643
23644
23645
23646
23647
23648
23649
23650
23651
23652
23653
23654
23655
23656
23657
23658
23659
23660
23661
23662
23663
23664
23665
23666
23667
23668
23669
23670
23671
23672
23673
23674
23675
23676
23677
23678
23679
23680
23681
23682
23683
23684
23685
23686
23687
23688
23689
23690
23691
23692
23693
23694
23695
23696
23697
23698
23699
23700
23701
23702
23703
23704
23705
23706
23707
23708
23709
23710
23711
23712
23713
23714
23715
23716
23717
23718
23719
23720
23721
23722
23723
23724
23725
23726
23727
23728
23729
23730
23731
23732
23733
23734
23735
23736
23737
23738
23739
23740
23741
23742
23743
23744
23745
23746
23747
23748
23749
23750
23751
23752
23753
23754
23755
23756
23757
23758
23759
23760
23761
23762
23763
23764
23765
23766
23767
23768
23769
23770
23771
23772
23773
23774
23775
23776
23777
23778
23779
23780
23781
23782
23783
23784
23785
23786
23787
23788
23789
23790
23791
23792
23793
23794
23795
23796
23797
23798
23799
23800
23801
23802
23803
23804
23805
23806
23807
23808
23809
23810
23811
23812
23813
23814
23815
23816
23817
23818
23819
23820
23821
23822
23823
23824
23825
23826
23827
23828
23829
23830
23831
23832
23833
23834
23835
23836
23837
23838
23839
23840
23841
23842
23843
23844
23845
23846
23847
23848
23849
23850
23851
23852
23853
23854
23855
23856
23857
23858
23859
23860
23861
23862
23863
23864
23865
23866
23867
23868
23869
23870
23871
23872
23873
23874
23875
23876
23877
23878
23879
23880
23881
23882
23883
23884
23885
23886
23887
23888
23889
23890
23891
23892
23893
23894
23895
23896
23897
23898
23899
23900
23901
23902
23903
23904
23905
23906
23907
23908
23909
23910
23911
23912
23913
23914
23915
23916
23917
23918
23919
23920
23921
23922
23923
23924
23925
23926
23927
23928
23929
23930
23931
23932
23933
23934
23935
23936
23937
23938
23939
23940
23941
23942
23943
23944
23945
23946
23947
23948
23949
23950
23951
23952
23953
23954
23955
23956
23957
23958
23959
23960
23961
23962
23963
23964
23965
23966
23967
23968
23969
23970
23971
23972
23973
23974
23975
23976
23977
23978
23979
23980
23981
23982
23983
23984
23985
23986
23987
23988
23989
23990
23991
23992
23993
23994
23995
23996
23997
23998
23999
24000
24001
24002
24003
24004
24005
24006
24007
24008
24009
24010
24011
24012
24013
24014
24015
24016
24017
24018
24019
24020
24021
24022
24023
24024
24025
24026
24027
24028
24029
24030
24031
24032
24033
24034
24035
24036
24037
24038
24039
24040
24041
24042
24043
24044
24045
24046
24047
24048
24049
24050
24051
24052
24053
24054
24055
24056
24057
24058
24059
24060
24061
24062
24063
24064
24065
24066
24067
24068
24069
24070
24071
24072
24073
24074
24075
24076
24077
24078
24079
24080
24081
24082
24083
24084
24085
24086
24087
24088
24089
24090
24091
24092
24093
24094
24095
24096
24097
24098
24099
24100
24101
24102
24103
24104
24105
24106
24107
24108
24109
24110
24111
24112
24113
24114
24115
24116
24117
24118
24119
24120
24121
24122
24123
24124
24125
24126
24127
24128
24129
24130
24131
24132
24133
24134
24135
24136
24137
24138
24139
24140
24141
24142
24143
24144
24145
24146
24147
24148
24149
24150
24151
24152
24153
24154
24155
24156
24157
24158
24159
24160
24161
24162
24163
24164
24165
24166
24167
24168
24169
24170
24171
24172
24173
24174
24175
24176
24177
24178
24179
24180
24181
24182
24183
24184
24185
24186
24187
24188
24189
24190
24191
24192
24193
24194
24195
24196
24197
24198
24199
24200
24201
24202
24203
24204
24205
24206
24207
24208
24209
24210
24211
24212
24213
24214
24215
24216
24217
24218
24219
24220
24221
24222
24223
24224
24225
24226
24227
24228
24229
24230
24231
24232
24233
24234
24235
24236
24237
24238
24239
24240
24241
24242
24243
24244
24245
24246
24247
24248
24249
24250
24251
24252
24253
24254
24255
24256
24257
24258
24259
24260 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.1, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>
ffplay Documentation
</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div style="width: 95%; margin: auto">
<h1>
ffplay Documentation
</h1>
<div align="center">
</div>
<a name="SEC_Top"></a>
<a name="SEC_Contents"></a>
<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Synopsis" href="#Synopsis">1 Synopsis</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Description" href="#Description">2 Description</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Options" href="#Options">3 Options</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Stream-specifiers-1" href="#Stream-specifiers-1">3.1 Stream specifiers</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Generic-options" href="#Generic-options">3.2 Generic options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-AVOptions" href="#AVOptions">3.3 AVOptions</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Main-options" href="#Main-options">3.4 Main options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Advanced-options" href="#Advanced-options">3.5 Advanced options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-While-playing" href="#While-playing">3.6 While playing</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Syntax" href="#Syntax">4 Syntax</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Quoting-and-escaping" href="#Quoting-and-escaping">4.1 Quoting and escaping</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples" href="#Examples">4.1.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Date" href="#Date">4.2 Date</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Time-duration" href="#Time-duration">4.3 Time duration</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-1" href="#Examples-1">4.3.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Video-size" href="#Video-size">4.4 Video size</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Video-rate" href="#Video-rate">4.5 Video rate</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Ratio" href="#Ratio">4.6 Ratio</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Color" href="#Color">4.7 Color</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Channel-Layout" href="#Channel-Layout">4.8 Channel Layout</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Expression-Evaluation" href="#Expression-Evaluation">5 Expression Evaluation</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-OpenCL-Options" href="#OpenCL-Options">6 OpenCL Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Codec-Options" href="#Codec-Options">7 Codec Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Decoders" href="#Decoders">8 Decoders</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Video-Decoders" href="#Video-Decoders">9 Video Decoders</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-hevc" href="#hevc">9.1 hevc</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rawvideo" href="#rawvideo">9.2 rawvideo</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-1" href="#Options-1">9.2.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Audio-Decoders" href="#Audio-Decoders">10 Audio Decoders</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-ac3" href="#ac3">10.1 ac3</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-AC_002d3-Decoder-Options" href="#AC_002d3-Decoder-Options">10.1.1 AC-3 Decoder Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-flac" href="#flac">10.2 flac</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-FLAC-Decoder-options" href="#FLAC-Decoder-options">10.2.1 FLAC Decoder options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-ffwavesynth" href="#ffwavesynth">10.3 ffwavesynth</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-libcelt" href="#libcelt">10.4 libcelt</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-libgsm" href="#libgsm">10.5 libgsm</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-libilbc" href="#libilbc">10.6 libilbc</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-2" href="#Options-2">10.6.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-libopencore_002damrnb" href="#libopencore_002damrnb">10.7 libopencore-amrnb</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-libopencore_002damrwb" href="#libopencore_002damrwb">10.8 libopencore-amrwb</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-libopus" href="#libopus">10.9 libopus</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Subtitles-Decoders" href="#Subtitles-Decoders">11 Subtitles Decoders</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-dvbsub" href="#dvbsub">11.1 dvbsub</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-3" href="#Options-3">11.1.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-dvdsub" href="#dvdsub">11.2 dvdsub</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-4" href="#Options-4">11.2.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-libzvbi_002dteletext" href="#libzvbi_002dteletext">11.3 libzvbi-teletext</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-5" href="#Options-5">11.3.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Bitstream-Filters" href="#Bitstream-Filters">12 Bitstream Filters</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-aac_005fadtstoasc" href="#aac_005fadtstoasc">12.1 aac_adtstoasc</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-chomp" href="#chomp">12.2 chomp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-dump_005fextra" href="#dump_005fextra">12.3 dump_extra</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-h264_005fmp4toannexb" href="#h264_005fmp4toannexb">12.4 h264_mp4toannexb</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-imxdump" href="#imxdump">12.5 imxdump</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-mjpeg2jpeg" href="#mjpeg2jpeg">12.6 mjpeg2jpeg</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-mjpega_005fdump_005fheader" href="#mjpega_005fdump_005fheader">12.7 mjpega_dump_header</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-movsub" href="#movsub">12.8 movsub</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-mp3_005fheader_005fdecompress" href="#mp3_005fheader_005fdecompress">12.9 mp3_header_decompress</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-mpeg4_005funpack_005fbframes" href="#mpeg4_005funpack_005fbframes">12.10 mpeg4_unpack_bframes</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-noise" href="#noise">12.11 noise</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-remove_005fextra" href="#remove_005fextra">12.12 remove_extra</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Format-Options" href="#Format-Options">13 Format Options</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Format-stream-specifiers-1" href="#Format-stream-specifiers-1">13.1 Format stream specifiers</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Demuxers" href="#Demuxers">14 Demuxers</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-aa" href="#aa">14.1 aa</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-applehttp" href="#applehttp">14.2 applehttp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-apng" href="#apng">14.3 apng</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-asf" href="#asf">14.4 asf</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-concat-1" href="#concat-1">14.5 concat</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Syntax-1" href="#Syntax-1">14.5.1 Syntax</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Options-6" href="#Options-6">14.5.2 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-flv" href="#flv">14.6 flv</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-libgme" href="#libgme">14.7 libgme</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-libquvi" href="#libquvi">14.8 libquvi</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-gif" href="#gif">14.9 gif</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-image2" href="#image2">14.10 image2</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-2" href="#Examples-2">14.10.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-mov_002fmp4_002f3gp_002fQuicktme" href="#mov_002fmp4_002f3gp_002fQuicktme">14.11 mov/mp4/3gp/Quicktme</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-mpegts" href="#mpegts">14.12 mpegts</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rawvideo-1" href="#rawvideo-1">14.13 rawvideo</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-sbg" href="#sbg">14.14 sbg</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-tedcaptions" href="#tedcaptions">14.15 tedcaptions</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Metadata" href="#Metadata">15 Metadata</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Protocols" href="#Protocols">16 Protocols</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-async" href="#async">16.1 async</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-bluray" href="#bluray">16.2 bluray</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-cache" href="#cache">16.3 cache</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-concat-2" href="#concat-2">16.4 concat</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-crypto" href="#crypto">16.5 crypto</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-data" href="#data">16.6 data</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-file" href="#file">16.7 file</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-ftp" href="#ftp">16.8 ftp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-gopher" href="#gopher">16.9 gopher</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-hls" href="#hls">16.10 hls</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-http" href="#http">16.11 http</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-HTTP-Cookies" href="#HTTP-Cookies">16.11.1 HTTP Cookies</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Icecast" href="#Icecast">16.12 Icecast</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-mmst" href="#mmst">16.13 mmst</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-mmsh" href="#mmsh">16.14 mmsh</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-md5" href="#md5">16.15 md5</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-pipe" href="#pipe">16.16 pipe</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rtmp" href="#rtmp">16.17 rtmp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rtmpe" href="#rtmpe">16.18 rtmpe</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rtmps" href="#rtmps">16.19 rtmps</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rtmpt" href="#rtmpt">16.20 rtmpt</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rtmpte" href="#rtmpte">16.21 rtmpte</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rtmpts" href="#rtmpts">16.22 rtmpts</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-libsmbclient" href="#libsmbclient">16.23 libsmbclient</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-libssh" href="#libssh">16.24 libssh</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-librtmp-rtmp_002c-rtmpe_002c-rtmps_002c-rtmpt_002c-rtmpte" href="#librtmp-rtmp_002c-rtmpe_002c-rtmps_002c-rtmpt_002c-rtmpte">16.25 librtmp rtmp, rtmpe, rtmps, rtmpt, rtmpte</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rtp" href="#rtp">16.26 rtp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-rtsp" href="#rtsp">16.27 rtsp</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-3" href="#Examples-3">16.27.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-sap" href="#sap">16.28 sap</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Muxer" href="#Muxer">16.28.1 Muxer</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Demuxer" href="#Demuxer">16.28.2 Demuxer</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-sctp" href="#sctp">16.29 sctp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-srtp" href="#srtp">16.30 srtp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-subfile" href="#subfile">16.31 subfile</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-tcp" href="#tcp">16.32 tcp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-tls" href="#tls">16.33 tls</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-udp" href="#udp">16.34 udp</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-4" href="#Examples-4">16.34.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-unix" href="#unix">16.35 unix</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Device-Options" href="#Device-Options">17 Device Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Input-Devices" href="#Input-Devices">18 Input Devices</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-alsa" href="#alsa">18.1 alsa</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-7" href="#Options-7">18.1.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-avfoundation" href="#avfoundation">18.2 avfoundation</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-8" href="#Options-8">18.2.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-5" href="#Examples-5">18.2.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-bktr" href="#bktr">18.3 bktr</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-9" href="#Options-9">18.3.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-decklink" href="#decklink">18.4 decklink</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-10" href="#Options-10">18.4.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-6" href="#Examples-6">18.4.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-dshow" href="#dshow">18.5 dshow</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-11" href="#Options-11">18.5.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-7" href="#Examples-7">18.5.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-dv1394" href="#dv1394">18.6 dv1394</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-12" href="#Options-12">18.6.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-fbdev" href="#fbdev">18.7 fbdev</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-13" href="#Options-13">18.7.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-gdigrab" href="#gdigrab">18.8 gdigrab</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-14" href="#Options-14">18.8.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-iec61883" href="#iec61883">18.9 iec61883</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-15" href="#Options-15">18.9.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-8" href="#Examples-8">18.9.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-jack" href="#jack">18.10 jack</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-16" href="#Options-16">18.10.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-lavfi" href="#lavfi">18.11 lavfi</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-17" href="#Options-17">18.11.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-9" href="#Examples-9">18.11.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-libcdio" href="#libcdio">18.12 libcdio</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-18" href="#Options-18">18.12.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-libdc1394" href="#libdc1394">18.13 libdc1394</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-openal" href="#openal">18.14 openal</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-19" href="#Options-19">18.14.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-10" href="#Examples-10">18.14.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-oss" href="#oss">18.15 oss</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-20" href="#Options-20">18.15.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-pulse" href="#pulse">18.16 pulse</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-21" href="#Options-21">18.16.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-11" href="#Examples-11">18.16.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-qtkit" href="#qtkit">18.17 qtkit</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-22" href="#Options-22">18.17.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-sndio" href="#sndio">18.18 sndio</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-23" href="#Options-23">18.18.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-video4linux2_002c-v4l2" href="#video4linux2_002c-v4l2">18.19 video4linux2, v4l2</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-24" href="#Options-24">18.19.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-vfwcap" href="#vfwcap">18.20 vfwcap</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-25" href="#Options-25">18.20.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-x11grab" href="#x11grab">18.21 x11grab</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-26" href="#Options-26">18.21.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-grab_005fx-grab_005fy-AVOption" href="#grab_005fx-grab_005fy-AVOption">18.21.2 <var>grab_x</var> <var>grab_y</var> AVOption</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Resampler-Options" href="#Resampler-Options">19 Resampler Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Scaler-Options" href="#Scaler-Options">20 Scaler Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Filtering-Introduction" href="#Filtering-Introduction">21 Filtering Introduction</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-graph2dot" href="#graph2dot">22 graph2dot</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Filtergraph-description" href="#Filtergraph-description">23 Filtergraph description</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Filtergraph-syntax-1" href="#Filtergraph-syntax-1">23.1 Filtergraph syntax</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Notes-on-filtergraph-escaping" href="#Notes-on-filtergraph-escaping">23.2 Notes on filtergraph escaping</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Timeline-editing" href="#Timeline-editing">24 Timeline editing</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Audio-Filters" href="#Audio-Filters">25 Audio Filters</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-acrossfade" href="#acrossfade">25.1 acrossfade</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-12" href="#Examples-12">25.1.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-adelay" href="#adelay">25.2 adelay</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-13" href="#Examples-13">25.2.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-aecho" href="#aecho">25.3 aecho</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-14" href="#Examples-14">25.3.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-aeval" href="#aeval">25.4 aeval</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-15" href="#Examples-15">25.4.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-afade-1" href="#afade-1">25.5 afade</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-16" href="#Examples-16">25.5.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-aformat-1" href="#aformat-1">25.6 aformat</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-allpass" href="#allpass">25.7 allpass</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-amerge-1" href="#amerge-1">25.8 amerge</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-17" href="#Examples-17">25.8.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-amix" href="#amix">25.9 amix</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-anull" href="#anull">25.10 anull</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-apad" href="#apad">25.11 apad</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-18" href="#Examples-18">25.11.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-aphaser" href="#aphaser">25.12 aphaser</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-aresample-1" href="#aresample-1">25.13 aresample</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-19" href="#Examples-19">25.13.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-asetnsamples" href="#asetnsamples">25.14 asetnsamples</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-asetrate" href="#asetrate">25.15 asetrate</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-ashowinfo" href="#ashowinfo">25.16 ashowinfo</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-astats-1" href="#astats-1">25.17 astats</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-astreamsync" href="#astreamsync">25.18 astreamsync</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-20" href="#Examples-20">25.18.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-asyncts" href="#asyncts">25.19 asyncts</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-atempo" href="#atempo">25.20 atempo</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-21" href="#Examples-21">25.20.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-atrim" href="#atrim">25.21 atrim</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-bandpass" href="#bandpass">25.22 bandpass</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-bandreject" href="#bandreject">25.23 bandreject</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-bass" href="#bass">25.24 bass</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-biquad" href="#biquad">25.25 biquad</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-bs2b" href="#bs2b">25.26 bs2b</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-channelmap" href="#channelmap">25.27 channelmap</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-channelsplit" href="#channelsplit">25.28 channelsplit</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-chorus" href="#chorus">25.29 chorus</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-22" href="#Examples-22">25.29.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-compand" href="#compand">25.30 compand</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-23" href="#Examples-23">25.30.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-dcshift" href="#dcshift">25.31 dcshift</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-dynaudnorm" href="#dynaudnorm">25.32 dynaudnorm</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-earwax" href="#earwax">25.33 earwax</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-equalizer" href="#equalizer">25.34 equalizer</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-24" href="#Examples-24">25.34.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-flanger" href="#flanger">25.35 flanger</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-highpass" href="#highpass">25.36 highpass</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-join" href="#join">25.37 join</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-ladspa" href="#ladspa">25.38 ladspa</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-25" href="#Examples-25">25.38.1 Examples</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Commands" href="#Commands">25.38.2 Commands</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-lowpass" href="#lowpass">25.39 lowpass</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-pan-1" href="#pan-1">25.40 pan</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Mixing-examples" href="#Mixing-examples">25.40.1 Mixing examples</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Remapping-examples" href="#Remapping-examples">25.40.2 Remapping examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-replaygain" href="#replaygain">25.41 replaygain</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-resample" href="#resample">25.42 resample</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-sidechaincompress" href="#sidechaincompress">25.43 sidechaincompress</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-26" href="#Examples-26">25.43.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-silencedetect" href="#silencedetect">25.44 silencedetect</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-27" href="#Examples-27">25.44.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-silenceremove" href="#silenceremove">25.45 silenceremove</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-28" href="#Examples-28">25.45.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-treble" href="#treble">25.46 treble</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-volume" href="#volume">25.47 volume</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Commands-1" href="#Commands-1">25.47.1 Commands</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-29" href="#Examples-29">25.47.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-volumedetect" href="#volumedetect">25.48 volumedetect</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-30" href="#Examples-30">25.48.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Audio-Sources" href="#Audio-Sources">26 Audio Sources</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-abuffer" href="#abuffer">26.1 abuffer</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-31" href="#Examples-31">26.1.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-aevalsrc" href="#aevalsrc">26.2 aevalsrc</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-32" href="#Examples-32">26.2.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-anullsrc" href="#anullsrc">26.3 anullsrc</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-33" href="#Examples-33">26.3.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-flite" href="#flite">26.4 flite</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-34" href="#Examples-34">26.4.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-sine" href="#sine">26.5 sine</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-35" href="#Examples-35">26.5.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Audio-Sinks" href="#Audio-Sinks">27 Audio Sinks</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-abuffersink" href="#abuffersink">27.1 abuffersink</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-anullsink" href="#anullsink">27.2 anullsink</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Video-Filters" href="#Video-Filters">28 Video Filters</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-alphaextract" href="#alphaextract">28.1 alphaextract</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-alphamerge" href="#alphamerge">28.2 alphamerge</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-ass" href="#ass">28.3 ass</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-atadenoise" href="#atadenoise">28.4 atadenoise</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-bbox" href="#bbox">28.5 bbox</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-blackdetect" href="#blackdetect">28.6 blackdetect</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-blackframe" href="#blackframe">28.7 blackframe</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-blend_002c-tblend" href="#blend_002c-tblend">28.8 blend, tblend</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-36" href="#Examples-36">28.8.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-boxblur" href="#boxblur">28.9 boxblur</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-37" href="#Examples-37">28.9.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-codecview" href="#codecview">28.10 codecview</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-38" href="#Examples-38">28.10.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-colorbalance" href="#colorbalance">28.11 colorbalance</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-39" href="#Examples-39">28.11.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-colorkey" href="#colorkey">28.12 colorkey</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-40" href="#Examples-40">28.12.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-colorlevels" href="#colorlevels">28.13 colorlevels</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-41" href="#Examples-41">28.13.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-colorchannelmixer" href="#colorchannelmixer">28.14 colorchannelmixer</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-42" href="#Examples-42">28.14.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-colormatrix" href="#colormatrix">28.15 colormatrix</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-copy" href="#copy">28.16 copy</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-crop" href="#crop">28.17 crop</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-43" href="#Examples-43">28.17.1 Examples</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Commands-2" href="#Commands-2">28.17.2 Commands</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-cropdetect" href="#cropdetect">28.18 cropdetect</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-curves-1" href="#curves-1">28.19 curves</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-44" href="#Examples-44">28.19.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-dctdnoiz" href="#dctdnoiz">28.20 dctdnoiz</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-45" href="#Examples-45">28.20.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-deband" href="#deband">28.21 deband</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-decimate-1" href="#decimate-1">28.22 decimate</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-deflate" href="#deflate">28.23 deflate</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-dejudder" href="#dejudder">28.24 dejudder</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-delogo" href="#delogo">28.25 delogo</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-46" href="#Examples-46">28.25.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-deshake" href="#deshake">28.26 deshake</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-detelecine" href="#detelecine">28.27 detelecine</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-dilation" href="#dilation">28.28 dilation</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-drawbox" href="#drawbox">28.29 drawbox</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-47" href="#Examples-47">28.29.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-drawgraph_002c-adrawgraph" href="#drawgraph_002c-adrawgraph">28.30 drawgraph, adrawgraph</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-drawgrid" href="#drawgrid">28.31 drawgrid</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-48" href="#Examples-48">28.31.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-drawtext-1" href="#drawtext-1">28.32 drawtext</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Syntax-2" href="#Syntax-2">28.32.1 Syntax</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-expansion" href="#Text-expansion">28.32.2 Text expansion</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-49" href="#Examples-49">28.32.3 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-edgedetect" href="#edgedetect">28.33 edgedetect</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-50" href="#Examples-50">28.33.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-eq" href="#eq">28.34 eq</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Commands-3" href="#Commands-3">28.34.1 Commands</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-erosion" href="#erosion">28.35 erosion</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-extractplanes" href="#extractplanes">28.36 extractplanes</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-51" href="#Examples-51">28.36.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-elbg" href="#elbg">28.37 elbg</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-fade" href="#fade">28.38 fade</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-52" href="#Examples-52">28.38.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-fftfilt" href="#fftfilt">28.39 fftfilt</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-53" href="#Examples-53">28.39.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-field" href="#field">28.40 field</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-fieldmatch" href="#fieldmatch">28.41 fieldmatch</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-p_002fc_002fn_002fu_002fb-meaning-1" href="#p_002fc_002fn_002fu_002fb-meaning-1">28.41.1 p/c/n/u/b meaning</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-p_002fc_002fn" href="#p_002fc_002fn">28.41.1.1 p/c/n</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-u_002fb" href="#u_002fb">28.41.1.2 u/b</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-54" href="#Examples-54">28.41.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-fieldorder" href="#fieldorder">28.42 fieldorder</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-fifo" href="#fifo">28.43 fifo</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-find_005frect" href="#find_005frect">28.44 find_rect</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-55" href="#Examples-55">28.44.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-cover_005frect" href="#cover_005frect">28.45 cover_rect</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-56" href="#Examples-56">28.45.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-format-1" href="#format-1">28.46 format</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-57" href="#Examples-57">28.46.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-fps-1" href="#fps-1">28.47 fps</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-58" href="#Examples-58">28.47.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-framepack" href="#framepack">28.48 framepack</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-framerate" href="#framerate">28.49 framerate</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-framestep" href="#framestep">28.50 framestep</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-frei0r-1" href="#frei0r-1">28.51 frei0r</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-59" href="#Examples-59">28.51.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-fspp" href="#fspp">28.52 fspp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-geq" href="#geq">28.53 geq</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-60" href="#Examples-60">28.53.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-gradfun" href="#gradfun">28.54 gradfun</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-61" href="#Examples-61">28.54.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-haldclut-1" href="#haldclut-1">28.55 haldclut</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Workflow-examples" href="#Workflow-examples">28.55.1 Workflow examples</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Hald-CLUT-video-stream" href="#Hald-CLUT-video-stream">28.55.1.1 Hald CLUT video stream</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Hald-CLUT-with-preview" href="#Hald-CLUT-with-preview">28.55.1.2 Hald CLUT with preview</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-hflip" href="#hflip">28.56 hflip</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-histeq" href="#histeq">28.57 histeq</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-histogram" href="#histogram">28.58 histogram</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-62" href="#Examples-62">28.58.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-hqdn3d-1" href="#hqdn3d-1">28.59 hqdn3d</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-hqx" href="#hqx">28.60 hqx</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-hstack" href="#hstack">28.61 hstack</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-hue" href="#hue">28.62 hue</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-63" href="#Examples-63">28.62.1 Examples</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Commands-4" href="#Commands-4">28.62.2 Commands</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-idet" href="#idet">28.63 idet</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-il" href="#il">28.64 il</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-inflate" href="#inflate">28.65 inflate</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-interlace" href="#interlace">28.66 interlace</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-kerndeint" href="#kerndeint">28.67 kerndeint</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-64" href="#Examples-64">28.67.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-lenscorrection" href="#lenscorrection">28.68 lenscorrection</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-27" href="#Options-27">28.68.1 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-lut3d-1" href="#lut3d-1">28.69 lut3d</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-lut_002c-lutrgb_002c-lutyuv" href="#lut_002c-lutrgb_002c-lutyuv">28.70 lut, lutrgb, lutyuv</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-65" href="#Examples-65">28.70.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-mergeplanes" href="#mergeplanes">28.71 mergeplanes</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-66" href="#Examples-66">28.71.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-mcdeint" href="#mcdeint">28.72 mcdeint</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-mpdecimate" href="#mpdecimate">28.73 mpdecimate</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-negate" href="#negate">28.74 negate</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-noformat" href="#noformat">28.75 noformat</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-67" href="#Examples-67">28.75.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-noise-1" href="#noise-1">28.76 noise</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-68" href="#Examples-68">28.76.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-null" href="#null">28.77 null</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-ocv" href="#ocv">28.78 ocv</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-dilate-1" href="#dilate-1">28.78.1 dilate</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-erode" href="#erode">28.78.2 erode</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-smooth" href="#smooth">28.78.3 smooth</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-overlay-1" href="#overlay-1">28.79 overlay</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Commands-5" href="#Commands-5">28.79.1 Commands</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-69" href="#Examples-69">28.79.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-owdenoise" href="#owdenoise">28.80 owdenoise</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-pad-1" href="#pad-1">28.81 pad</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-70" href="#Examples-70">28.81.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-palettegen-1" href="#palettegen-1">28.82 palettegen</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-71" href="#Examples-71">28.82.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-paletteuse" href="#paletteuse">28.83 paletteuse</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-72" href="#Examples-72">28.83.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-perspective" href="#perspective">28.84 perspective</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-phase" href="#phase">28.85 phase</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-pixdesctest" href="#pixdesctest">28.86 pixdesctest</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-pp" href="#pp">28.87 pp</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-73" href="#Examples-73">28.87.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-pp7" href="#pp7">28.88 pp7</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-psnr" href="#psnr">28.89 psnr</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-pullup-1" href="#pullup-1">28.90 pullup</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-qp" href="#qp">28.91 qp</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-74" href="#Examples-74">28.91.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-random" href="#random">28.92 random</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-removegrain" href="#removegrain">28.93 removegrain</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-removelogo" href="#removelogo">28.94 removelogo</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-repeatfields" href="#repeatfields">28.95 repeatfields</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-reverse_002c-areverse" href="#reverse_002c-areverse">28.96 reverse, areverse</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-75" href="#Examples-75">28.96.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-rotate" href="#rotate">28.97 rotate</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-76" href="#Examples-76">28.97.1 Examples</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Commands-6" href="#Commands-6">28.97.2 Commands</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-sab" href="#sab">28.98 sab</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-scale-1" href="#scale-1">28.99 scale</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-28" href="#Options-28">28.99.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-77" href="#Examples-77">28.99.2 Examples</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Commands-7" href="#Commands-7">28.99.3 Commands</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-scale2ref" href="#scale2ref">28.100 scale2ref</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-78" href="#Examples-78">28.100.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-separatefields" href="#separatefields">28.101 separatefields</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-setdar_002c-setsar" href="#setdar_002c-setsar">28.102 setdar, setsar</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-79" href="#Examples-79">28.102.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-setfield-1" href="#setfield-1">28.103 setfield</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-showinfo" href="#showinfo">28.104 showinfo</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-showpalette" href="#showpalette">28.105 showpalette</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-shuffleplanes" href="#shuffleplanes">28.106 shuffleplanes</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-signalstats-1" href="#signalstats-1">28.107 signalstats</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-80" href="#Examples-80">28.107.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-smartblur-1" href="#smartblur-1">28.108 smartblur</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-ssim" href="#ssim">28.109 ssim</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-stereo3d" href="#stereo3d">28.110 stereo3d</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-81" href="#Examples-81">28.110.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-spp-1" href="#spp-1">28.111 spp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-subtitles-1" href="#subtitles-1">28.112 subtitles</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-super2xsai" href="#super2xsai">28.113 super2xsai</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-swapuv" href="#swapuv">28.114 swapuv</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-telecine" href="#telecine">28.115 telecine</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-thumbnail" href="#thumbnail">28.116 thumbnail</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-82" href="#Examples-82">28.116.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-tile" href="#tile">28.117 tile</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-83" href="#Examples-83">28.117.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-tinterlace" href="#tinterlace">28.118 tinterlace</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-transpose" href="#transpose">28.119 transpose</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-trim" href="#trim">28.120 trim</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-unsharp-1" href="#unsharp-1">28.121 unsharp</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-84" href="#Examples-84">28.121.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-uspp" href="#uspp">28.122 uspp</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-vectorscope" href="#vectorscope">28.123 vectorscope</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-vidstabdetect-1" href="#vidstabdetect-1">28.124 vidstabdetect</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-85" href="#Examples-85">28.124.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-vidstabtransform-1" href="#vidstabtransform-1">28.125 vidstabtransform</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Options-29" href="#Options-29">28.125.1 Options</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-86" href="#Examples-86">28.125.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-vflip" href="#vflip">28.126 vflip</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-vignette-1" href="#vignette-1">28.127 vignette</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Expressions" href="#Expressions">28.127.1 Expressions</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-87" href="#Examples-87">28.127.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-vstack" href="#vstack">28.128 vstack</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-w3fdif" href="#w3fdif">28.129 w3fdif</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-waveform" href="#waveform">28.130 waveform</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-xbr" href="#xbr">28.131 xbr</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-yadif-1" href="#yadif-1">28.132 yadif</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-zoompan" href="#zoompan">28.133 zoompan</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-88" href="#Examples-88">28.133.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Video-Sources" href="#Video-Sources">29 Video Sources</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-buffer" href="#buffer">29.1 buffer</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-cellauto" href="#cellauto">29.2 cellauto</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-89" href="#Examples-89">29.2.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-mandelbrot" href="#mandelbrot">29.3 mandelbrot</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-mptestsrc" href="#mptestsrc">29.4 mptestsrc</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-frei0r_005fsrc" href="#frei0r_005fsrc">29.5 frei0r_src</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-life" href="#life">29.6 life</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-90" href="#Examples-90">29.6.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" href="#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc">29.7 allrgb, allyuv, color, haldclutsrc, nullsrc, rgbtestsrc, smptebars, smptehdbars, testsrc</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Commands-8" href="#Commands-8">29.7.1 Commands</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Video-Sinks" href="#Video-Sinks">30 Video Sinks</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-buffersink" href="#buffersink">30.1 buffersink</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-nullsink" href="#nullsink">30.2 nullsink</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Multimedia-Filters" href="#Multimedia-Filters">31 Multimedia Filters</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-aphasemeter" href="#aphasemeter">31.1 aphasemeter</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-avectorscope" href="#avectorscope">31.2 avectorscope</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-91" href="#Examples-91">31.2.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-concat-3" href="#concat-3">31.3 concat</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-92" href="#Examples-92">31.3.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-ebur128-1" href="#ebur128-1">31.4 ebur128</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-93" href="#Examples-93">31.4.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-interleave_002c-ainterleave" href="#interleave_002c-ainterleave">31.5 interleave, ainterleave</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-94" href="#Examples-94">31.5.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-perms_002c-aperms" href="#perms_002c-aperms">31.6 perms, aperms</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-select_002c-aselect" href="#select_002c-aselect">31.7 select, aselect</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-95" href="#Examples-95">31.7.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-sendcmd_002c-asendcmd" href="#sendcmd_002c-asendcmd">31.8 sendcmd, asendcmd</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Commands-syntax" href="#Commands-syntax">31.8.1 Commands syntax</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Examples-96" href="#Examples-96">31.8.2 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-setpts_002c-asetpts" href="#setpts_002c-asetpts">31.9 setpts, asetpts</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-97" href="#Examples-97">31.9.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-settb_002c-asettb" href="#settb_002c-asettb">31.10 settb, asettb</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-98" href="#Examples-98">31.10.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-showcqt" href="#showcqt">31.11 showcqt</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-99" href="#Examples-99">31.11.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-showfreqs" href="#showfreqs">31.12 showfreqs</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-showspectrum" href="#showspectrum">31.13 showspectrum</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-100" href="#Examples-100">31.13.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-showvolume" href="#showvolume">31.14 showvolume</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-showwaves" href="#showwaves">31.15 showwaves</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-101" href="#Examples-101">31.15.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-showwavespic" href="#showwavespic">31.16 showwavespic</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-102" href="#Examples-102">31.16.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-split_002c-asplit" href="#split_002c-asplit">31.17 split, asplit</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-103" href="#Examples-103">31.17.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-zmq_002c-azmq" href="#zmq_002c-azmq">31.18 zmq, azmq</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-104" href="#Examples-104">31.18.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-Multimedia-Sources" href="#Multimedia-Sources">32 Multimedia Sources</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-amovie" href="#amovie">32.1 amovie</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-movie-1" href="#movie-1">32.2 movie</a>
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="toc-Examples-105" href="#Examples-105">32.2.1 Examples</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="toc-See-Also" href="#See-Also">33 See Also</a></li>
<li><a name="toc-Authors" href="#Authors">34 Authors</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<a name="Synopsis"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">1 Synopsis<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Synopsis" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Synopsis" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>ffplay [<var>options</var>] [<samp>input_file</samp>]
</p>
<a name="Description"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">2 Description<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Description" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Description" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>FFplay is a very simple and portable media player using the FFmpeg
libraries and the SDL library. It is mostly used as a testbed for the
various FFmpeg APIs.
</p>
<a name="Options"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">3 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>All the numerical options, if not specified otherwise, accept a string
representing a number as input, which may be followed by one of the SI
unit prefixes, for example: ’K’, ’M’, or ’G’.
</p>
<p>If ’i’ is appended to the SI unit prefix, the complete prefix will be
interpreted as a unit prefix for binary multiples, which are based on
powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000. Appending ’B’ to the SI unit
prefix multiplies the value by 8. This allows using, for example:
’KB’, ’MiB’, ’G’ and ’B’ as number suffixes.
</p>
<p>Options which do not take arguments are boolean options, and set the
corresponding value to true. They can be set to false by prefixing
the option name with "no". For example using "-nofoo"
will set the boolean option with name "foo" to false.
</p>
<a name="Stream-specifiers"></a><a name="Stream-specifiers-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.1 Stream specifiers<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Stream-specifiers-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Stream-specifiers-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Some options are applied per-stream, e.g. bitrate or codec. Stream specifiers
are used to precisely specify which stream(s) a given option belongs to.
</p>
<p>A stream specifier is a string generally appended to the option name and
separated from it by a colon. E.g. <code>-codec:a:1 ac3</code> contains the
<code>a:1</code> stream specifier, which matches the second audio stream. Therefore, it
would select the ac3 codec for the second audio stream.
</p>
<p>A stream specifier can match several streams, so that the option is applied to all
of them. E.g. the stream specifier in <code>-b:a 128k</code> matches all audio
streams.
</p>
<p>An empty stream specifier matches all streams. For example, <code>-codec copy</code>
or <code>-codec: copy</code> would copy all the streams without reencoding.
</p>
<p>Possible forms of stream specifiers are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp><var>stream_index</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Matches the stream with this index. E.g. <code>-threads:1 4</code> would set the
thread count for the second stream to 4.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp><var>stream_type</var>[:<var>stream_index</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p><var>stream_type</var> is one of following: ’v’ or ’V’ for video, ’a’ for audio, ’s’
for subtitle, ’d’ for data, and ’t’ for attachments. ’v’ matches all video
streams, ’V’ only matches video streams which are not attached pictures, video
thumbnails or cover arts. If <var>stream_index</var> is given, then it matches
stream number <var>stream_index</var> of this type. Otherwise, it matches all
streams of this type.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>p:<var>program_id</var>[:<var>stream_index</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If <var>stream_index</var> is given, then it matches the stream with number <var>stream_index</var>
in the program with the id <var>program_id</var>. Otherwise, it matches all streams in the
program.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>#<var>stream_id</var> or i:<var>stream_id</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Match the stream by stream id (e.g. PID in MPEG-TS container).
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>m:<var>key</var>[:<var>value</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Matches streams with the metadata tag <var>key</var> having the specified value. If
<var>value</var> is not given, matches streams that contain the given tag with any
value.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>u</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Matches streams with usable configuration, the codec must be defined and the
essential information such as video dimension or audio sample rate must be present.
</p>
<p>Note that in <code>ffmpeg</code>, matching by metadata will only work properly for
input files.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Generic-options"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.2 Generic options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Generic-options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Generic-options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>These options are shared amongst the ff* tools.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-L</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show license.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-h, -?, -help, --help [<var>arg</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show help. An optional parameter may be specified to print help about a specific
item. If no argument is specified, only basic (non advanced) tool
options are shown.
</p>
<p>Possible values of <var>arg</var> are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>long</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print advanced tool options in addition to the basic tool options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>full</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print complete list of options, including shared and private options
for encoders, decoders, demuxers, muxers, filters, etc.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>decoder=<var>decoder_name</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print detailed information about the decoder named <var>decoder_name</var>. Use the
<samp>-decoders</samp> option to get a list of all decoders.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>encoder=<var>encoder_name</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print detailed information about the encoder named <var>encoder_name</var>. Use the
<samp>-encoders</samp> option to get a list of all encoders.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>demuxer=<var>demuxer_name</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print detailed information about the demuxer named <var>demuxer_name</var>. Use the
<samp>-formats</samp> option to get a list of all demuxers and muxers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>muxer=<var>muxer_name</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print detailed information about the muxer named <var>muxer_name</var>. Use the
<samp>-formats</samp> option to get a list of all muxers and demuxers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>filter=<var>filter_name</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print detailed information about the filter name <var>filter_name</var>. Use the
<samp>-filters</samp> option to get a list of all filters.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-version</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show version.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-formats</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show available formats (including devices).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-devices</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show available devices.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-codecs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show all codecs known to libavcodec.
</p>
<p>Note that the term ’codec’ is used throughout this documentation as a shortcut
for what is more correctly called a media bitstream format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-decoders</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show available decoders.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-encoders</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show all available encoders.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-bsfs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show available bitstream filters.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-protocols</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show available protocols.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-filters</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show available libavfilter filters.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-pix_fmts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show available pixel formats.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-sample_fmts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show available sample formats.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-layouts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show channel names and standard channel layouts.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-colors</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show recognized color names.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-sources <var>device</var>[,<var>opt1</var>=<var>val1</var>[,<var>opt2</var>=<var>val2</var>]...]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show autodetected sources of the intput device.
Some devices may provide system-dependent source names that cannot be autodetected.
The returned list cannot be assumed to be always complete.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -sources pulse,server=192.168.0.4
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-sinks <var>device</var>[,<var>opt1</var>=<var>val1</var>[,<var>opt2</var>=<var>val2</var>]...]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show autodetected sinks of the output device.
Some devices may provide system-dependent sink names that cannot be autodetected.
The returned list cannot be assumed to be always complete.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -sinks pulse,server=192.168.0.4
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-loglevel [repeat+]<var>loglevel</var> | -v [repeat+]<var>loglevel</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the logging level used by the library.
Adding "repeat+" indicates that repeated log output should not be compressed
to the first line and the "Last message repeated n times" line will be
omitted. "repeat" can also be used alone.
If "repeat" is used alone, and with no prior loglevel set, the default
loglevel will be used. If multiple loglevel parameters are given, using
’repeat’ will not change the loglevel.
<var>loglevel</var> is a string or a number containing one of the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>quiet, -8</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show nothing at all; be silent.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>panic, 0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Only show fatal errors which could lead the process to crash, such as
and assert failure. This is not currently used for anything.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>fatal, 8</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Only show fatal errors. These are errors after which the process absolutely
cannot continue after.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>error, 16</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show all errors, including ones which can be recovered from.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>warning, 24</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show all warnings and errors. Any message related to possibly
incorrect or unexpected events will be shown.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>info, 32</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show informative messages during processing. This is in addition to
warnings and errors. This is the default value.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>verbose, 40</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Same as <code>info</code>, except more verbose.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>debug, 48</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show everything, including debugging information.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>trace, 56</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>By default the program logs to stderr, if coloring is supported by the
terminal, colors are used to mark errors and warnings. Log coloring
can be disabled setting the environment variable
<code>AV_LOG_FORCE_NOCOLOR</code> or <code>NO_COLOR</code>, or can be forced setting
the environment variable <code>AV_LOG_FORCE_COLOR</code>.
The use of the environment variable <code>NO_COLOR</code> is deprecated and
will be dropped in a following FFmpeg version.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-report</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Dump full command line and console output to a file named
<code><var>program</var>-<var>YYYYMMDD</var>-<var>HHMMSS</var>.log</code> in the current
directory.
This file can be useful for bug reports.
It also implies <code>-loglevel verbose</code>.
</p>
<p>Setting the environment variable <code>FFREPORT</code> to any value has the
same effect. If the value is a ’:’-separated key=value sequence, these
options will affect the report; option values must be escaped if they
contain special characters or the options delimiter ’:’ (see the
“Quoting and escaping” section in the ffmpeg-utils manual).
</p>
<p>The following options are recognized:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>file</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set the file name to use for the report; <code>%p</code> is expanded to the name
of the program, <code>%t</code> is expanded to a timestamp, <code>%%</code> is expanded
to a plain <code>%</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>level</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set the log verbosity level using a numerical value (see <code>-loglevel</code>).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example, to output a report to a file named <samp>ffreport.log</samp>
using a log level of <code>32</code> (alias for log level <code>info</code>):
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">FFREPORT=file=ffreport.log:level=32 ffmpeg -i input output
</pre></div>
<p>Errors in parsing the environment variable are not fatal, and will not
appear in the report.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-hide_banner</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Suppress printing banner.
</p>
<p>All FFmpeg tools will normally show a copyright notice, build options
and library versions. This option can be used to suppress printing
this information.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-cpuflags flags (<em>global</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Allows setting and clearing cpu flags. This option is intended
for testing. Do not use it unless you know what you’re doing.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -cpuflags -sse+mmx ...
ffmpeg -cpuflags mmx ...
ffmpeg -cpuflags 0 ...
</pre></div>
<p>Possible flags for this option are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>x86</samp>’</dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>mmx</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>mmxext</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sse</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sse2</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sse2slow</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sse3</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sse3slow</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>ssse3</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>atom</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sse4.1</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sse4.2</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>avx</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>avx2</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>xop</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>fma3</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>fma4</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>3dnow</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>3dnowext</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>bmi1</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>bmi2</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>cmov</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ARM</samp>’</dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>armv5te</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>armv6</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>armv6t2</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>vfp</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>vfpv3</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>neon</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>setend</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>AArch64</samp>’</dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>armv8</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>vfp</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>neon</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>PowerPC</samp>’</dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>altivec</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Specific Processors</samp>’</dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>pentium2</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>pentium3</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>pentium4</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>k6</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>k62</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>athlon</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>athlonxp</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>k8</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-opencl_bench</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This option is used to benchmark all available OpenCL devices and print the
results. This option is only available when FFmpeg has been compiled with
<code>--enable-opencl</code>.
</p>
<p>When FFmpeg is configured with <code>--enable-opencl</code>, the options for the
global OpenCL context are set via <samp>-opencl_options</samp>. See the
"OpenCL Options" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual for the complete list of
supported options. Amongst others, these options include the ability to select
a specific platform and device to run the OpenCL code on. By default, FFmpeg
will run on the first device of the first platform. While the options for the
global OpenCL context provide flexibility to the user in selecting the OpenCL
device of their choice, most users would probably want to select the fastest
OpenCL device for their system.
</p>
<p>This option assists the selection of the most efficient configuration by
identifying the appropriate device for the user’s system. The built-in
benchmark is run on all the OpenCL devices and the performance is measured for
each device. The devices in the results list are sorted based on their
performance with the fastest device listed first. The user can subsequently
invoke <code>ffmpeg</code> using the device deemed most appropriate via
<samp>-opencl_options</samp> to obtain the best performance for the OpenCL
accelerated code.
</p>
<p>Typical usage to use the fastest OpenCL device involve the following steps.
</p>
<p>Run the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -opencl_bench
</pre></div>
<p>Note down the platform ID (<var>pidx</var>) and device ID (<var>didx</var>) of the first
i.e. fastest device in the list.
Select the platform and device using the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -opencl_options platform_idx=<var>pidx</var>:device_idx=<var>didx</var> ...
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-opencl_options options (<em>global</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set OpenCL environment options. This option is only available when
FFmpeg has been compiled with <code>--enable-opencl</code>.
</p>
<p><var>options</var> must be a list of <var>key</var>=<var>value</var> option pairs
separated by ’:’. See the “OpenCL Options” section in the
ffmpeg-utils manual for the list of supported options.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="AVOptions"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.3 AVOptions<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#AVOptions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-AVOptions" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>These options are provided directly by the libavformat, libavdevice and
libavcodec libraries. To see the list of available AVOptions, use the
<samp>-help</samp> option. They are separated into two categories:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>generic</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These options can be set for any container, codec or device. Generic options
are listed under AVFormatContext options for containers/devices and under
AVCodecContext options for codecs.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>private</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These options are specific to the given container, device or codec. Private
options are listed under their corresponding containers/devices/codecs.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example to write an ID3v2.3 header instead of a default ID3v2.4 to
an MP3 file, use the <samp>id3v2_version</samp> private option of the MP3
muxer:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input.flac -id3v2_version 3 out.mp3
</pre></div>
<p>All codec AVOptions are per-stream, and thus a stream specifier
should be attached to them.
</p>
<p>Note: the <samp>-nooption</samp> syntax cannot be used for boolean
AVOptions, use <samp>-option 0</samp>/<samp>-option 1</samp>.
</p>
<p>Note: the old undocumented way of specifying per-stream AVOptions by
prepending v/a/s to the options name is now obsolete and will be
removed soon.
</p>
<a name="Main-options"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.4 Main options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Main-options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Main-options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-x <var>width</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force displayed width.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-y <var>height</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force displayed height.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-s <var>size</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frame size (WxH or abbreviation), needed for videos which do
not contain a header with the frame size like raw YUV. This option
has been deprecated in favor of private options, try -video_size.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-fs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Start in fullscreen mode.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-an</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Disable audio.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-vn</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Disable video.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-sn</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Disable subtitles.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-ss <var>pos</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Seek to <var>pos</var>. Note that in most formats it is not possible to seek
exactly, so <code>ffplay</code> will seek to the nearest seek point to
<var>pos</var>.
</p>
<p><var>pos</var> must be a time duration specification,
see <a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-t <var>duration</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Play <var>duration</var> seconds of audio/video.
</p>
<p><var>duration</var> must be a time duration specification,
see <a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-bytes</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Seek by bytes.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-nodisp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Disable graphical display.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-f <var>fmt</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force format.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-window_title <var>title</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set window title (default is the input filename).
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-loop <var>number</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Loops movie playback <number> times. 0 means forever.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-showmode <var>mode</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the show mode to use.
Available values for <var>mode</var> are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>0, video</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>show video
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>1, waves</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>show audio waves
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>2, rdft</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>show audio frequency band using RDFT ((Inverse) Real Discrete Fourier Transform)
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is "video", if video is not present or cannot be played
"rdft" is automatically selected.
</p>
<p>You can interactively cycle through the available show modes by
pressing the key <tt class="key">w</tt>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-vf <var>filtergraph</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Create the filtergraph specified by <var>filtergraph</var> and use it to
filter the video stream.
</p>
<p><var>filtergraph</var> is a description of the filtergraph to apply to
the stream, and must have a single video input and a single video
output. In the filtergraph, the input is associated to the label
<code>in</code>, and the output to the label <code>out</code>. See the
ffmpeg-filters manual for more information about the filtergraph
syntax.
</p>
<p>You can specify this parameter multiple times and cycle through the specified
filtergraphs along with the show modes by pressing the key <tt class="key">w</tt>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-af <var>filtergraph</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p><var>filtergraph</var> is a description of the filtergraph to apply to
the input audio.
Use the option "-filters" to show all the available filters (including
sources and sinks).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-i <var>input_file</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Read <var>input_file</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Advanced-options"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.5 Advanced options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Advanced-options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Advanced-options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-pix_fmt <var>format</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set pixel format.
This option has been deprecated in favor of private options, try -pixel_format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-stats</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print several playback statistics, in particular show the stream
duration, the codec parameters, the current position in the stream and
the audio/video synchronisation drift. It is on by default, to
explicitly disable it you need to specify <code>-nostats</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-fast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Non-spec-compliant optimizations.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-genpts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Generate pts.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-sync <var>type</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the master clock to audio (<code>type=audio</code>), video
(<code>type=video</code>) or external (<code>type=ext</code>). Default is audio. The
master clock is used to control audio-video synchronization. Most media
players use audio as master clock, but in some cases (streaming or high
quality broadcast) it is necessary to change that. This option is mainly
used for debugging purposes.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-ast <var>audio_stream_specifier</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the desired audio stream using the given stream specifier. The stream
specifiers are described in the <a href="#Stream-specifiers">Stream specifiers</a> chapter. If this option
is not specified, the "best" audio stream is selected in the program of the
already selected video stream.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-vst <var>video_stream_specifier</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the desired video stream using the given stream specifier. The stream
specifiers are described in the <a href="#Stream-specifiers">Stream specifiers</a> chapter. If this option
is not specified, the "best" video stream is selected.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-sst <var>subtitle_stream_specifier</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the desired subtitle stream using the given stream specifier. The stream
specifiers are described in the <a href="#Stream-specifiers">Stream specifiers</a> chapter. If this option
is not specified, the "best" subtitle stream is selected in the program of the
already selected video or audio stream.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-autoexit</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Exit when video is done playing.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-exitonkeydown</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Exit if any key is pressed.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-exitonmousedown</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Exit if any mouse button is pressed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-codec:<var>media_specifier</var> <var>codec_name</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force a specific decoder implementation for the stream identified by
<var>media_specifier</var>, which can assume the values <code>a</code> (audio),
<code>v</code> (video), and <code>s</code> subtitle.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-acodec <var>codec_name</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force a specific audio decoder.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-vcodec <var>codec_name</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force a specific video decoder.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-scodec <var>codec_name</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force a specific subtitle decoder.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-autorotate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Automatically rotate the video according to file metadata. Enabled by
default, use <samp>-noautorotate</samp> to disable it.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-framedrop</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Drop video frames if video is out of sync. Enabled by default if the master
clock is not set to video. Use this option to enable frame dropping for all
master clock sources, use <samp>-noframedrop</samp> to disable it.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-infbuf</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Do not limit the input buffer size, read as much data as possible from the
input as soon as possible. Enabled by default for realtime streams, where data
may be dropped if not read in time. Use this option to enable infinite buffers
for all inputs, use <samp>-noinfbuf</samp> to disable it.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="While-playing"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.6 While playing<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#While-playing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-While-playing" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><tt class="key">q, ESC</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Quit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">f</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Toggle full screen.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">p, SPC</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Pause.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">a</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Cycle audio channel in the current program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">v</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Cycle video channel.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">t</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Cycle subtitle channel in the current program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">c</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Cycle program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">w</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Cycle video filters or show modes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">s</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Step to the next frame.
</p>
<p>Pause if the stream is not already paused, step to the next video
frame, and pause.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">left/right</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Seek backward/forward 10 seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">down/up</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Seek backward/forward 1 minute.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">page down/page up</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Seek to the previous/next chapter.
or if there are no chapters
Seek backward/forward 10 minutes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="key">mouse click</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Seek to percentage in file corresponding to fraction of width.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Syntax"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">4 Syntax<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Syntax" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Syntax" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>This section documents the syntax and formats employed by the FFmpeg
libraries and tools.
</p>
<a name="quoting_005fand_005fescaping"></a><a name="Quoting-and-escaping"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.1 Quoting and escaping<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Quoting-and-escaping" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Quoting-and-escaping" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>FFmpeg adopts the following quoting and escaping mechanism, unless
explicitly specified. The following rules are applied:
</p>
<ul>
<li> ‘<samp>'</samp>’ and ‘<samp>\</samp>’ are special characters (respectively used for
quoting and escaping). In addition to them, there might be other
special characters depending on the specific syntax where the escaping
and quoting are employed.
</li><li> A special character is escaped by prefixing it with a ‘<samp>\</samp>’.
</li><li> All characters enclosed between ‘<samp>''</samp>’ are included literally in the
parsed string. The quote character ‘<samp>'</samp>’ itself cannot be quoted,
so you may need to close the quote and escape it.
</li><li> Leading and trailing whitespaces, unless escaped or quoted, are
removed from the parsed string.
</li></ul>
<p>Note that you may need to add a second level of escaping when using
the command line or a script, which depends on the syntax of the
adopted shell language.
</p>
<p>The function <code>av_get_token</code> defined in
<samp>libavutil/avstring.h</samp> can be used to parse a token quoted or
escaped according to the rules defined above.
</p>
<p>The tool <samp>tools/ffescape</samp> in the FFmpeg source tree can be used
to automatically quote or escape a string in a script.
</p>
<a name="Examples"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">4.1.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Escape the string <code>Crime d'Amour</code> containing the <code>'</code> special
character:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">Crime d\'Amour
</pre></div>
</li><li> The string above contains a quote, so the <code>'</code> needs to be escaped
when quoting it:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">'Crime d'\''Amour'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Include leading or trailing whitespaces using quoting:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">' this string starts and ends with whitespaces '
</pre></div>
</li><li> Escaping and quoting can be mixed together:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">' The string '\'string\'' is a string '
</pre></div>
</li><li> To include a literal ‘<samp>\</samp>’ you can use either escaping or quoting:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">'c:\foo' can be written as c:\\foo
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="date-syntax"></a><a name="Date"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.2 Date<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Date" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Date" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The accepted syntax is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">[(YYYY-MM-DD|YYYYMMDD)[T|t| ]]((HH:MM:SS[.m...]]])|(HHMMSS[.m...]]]))[Z]
now
</pre></div>
<p>If the value is "now" it takes the current time.
</p>
<p>Time is local time unless Z is appended, in which case it is
interpreted as UTC.
If the year-month-day part is not specified it takes the current
year-month-day.
</p>
<a name="time-duration-syntax"></a><a name="Time-duration"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.3 Time duration<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Time-duration" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Time-duration" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>There are two accepted syntaxes for expressing time duration.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">[-][<var>HH</var>:]<var>MM</var>:<var>SS</var>[.<var>m</var>...]
</pre></div>
<p><var>HH</var> expresses the number of hours, <var>MM</var> the number of minutes
for a maximum of 2 digits, and <var>SS</var> the number of seconds for a
maximum of 2 digits. The <var>m</var> at the end expresses decimal value for
<var>SS</var>.
</p>
<p><em>or</em>
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">[-]<var>S</var>+[.<var>m</var>...]
</pre></div>
<p><var>S</var> expresses the number of seconds, with the optional decimal part
<var>m</var>.
</p>
<p>In both expressions, the optional ‘<samp>-</samp>’ indicates negative duration.
</p>
<a name="Examples-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">4.3.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The following examples are all valid time duration:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>55</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>55 seconds
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>12:03:45</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>12 hours, 03 minutes and 45 seconds
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>23.189</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>23.189 seconds
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="video-size-syntax"></a><a name="Video-size"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.4 Video size<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Video-size" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Video-size" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Specify the size of the sourced video, it may be a string of the form
<var>width</var>x<var>height</var>, or the name of a size abbreviation.
</p>
<p>The following abbreviations are recognized:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>ntsc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>720x480
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pal</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>720x576
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qntsc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>352x240
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qpal</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>352x288
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sntsc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>640x480
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>spal</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>768x576
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>film</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>352x240
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ntsc-film</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>352x240
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sqcif</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>128x96
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qcif</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>176x144
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>cif</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>352x288
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>4cif</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>704x576
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>16cif</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1408x1152
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qqvga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>160x120
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qvga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>320x240
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>640x480
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>svga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>800x600
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>xga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1024x768
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>uxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1600x1200
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2048x1536
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1280x1024
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qsxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2560x2048
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hsxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>5120x4096
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>wvga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>852x480
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>wxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1366x768
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>wsxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1600x1024
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>wuxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1920x1200
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>woxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2560x1600
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>wqsxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>3200x2048
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>wquxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>3840x2400
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>whsxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>6400x4096
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>whuxga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>7680x4800
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>cga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>320x200
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ega</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>640x350
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hd480</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>852x480
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hd720</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1280x720
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hd1080</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1920x1080
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>2k</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2048x1080
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>2kflat</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>1998x1080
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>2kscope</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2048x858
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>4k</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>4096x2160
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>4kflat</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>3996x2160
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>4kscope</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>4096x1716
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nhd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>640x360
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hqvga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>240x160
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>wqvga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>400x240
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>fwqvga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>432x240
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hvga</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>480x320
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qhd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>960x540
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>2kdci</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2048x1080
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>4kdci</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>4096x2160
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>uhd2160</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>3840x2160
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>uhd4320</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>7680x4320
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="video-rate-syntax"></a><a name="Video-rate"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.5 Video rate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Video-rate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Video-rate" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Specify the frame rate of a video, expressed as the number of frames
generated per second. It has to be a string in the format
<var>frame_rate_num</var>/<var>frame_rate_den</var>, an integer number, a float
number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation.
</p>
<p>The following abbreviations are recognized:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>ntsc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>30000/1001
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pal</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>25/1
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qntsc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>30000/1001
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qpal</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>25/1
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sntsc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>30000/1001
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>spal</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>25/1
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>film</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>24/1
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ntsc-film</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>24000/1001
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="ratio-syntax"></a><a name="Ratio"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.6 Ratio<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Ratio" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Ratio" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>A ratio can be expressed as an expression, or in the form
<var>numerator</var>:<var>denominator</var>.
</p>
<p>Note that a ratio with infinite (1/0) or negative value is
considered valid, so you should check on the returned value if you
want to exclude those values.
</p>
<p>The undefined value can be expressed using the "0:0" string.
</p>
<a name="color-syntax"></a><a name="Color"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.7 Color<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Color" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Color" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>It can be the name of a color as defined below (case insensitive match) or a
<code>[0x|#]RRGGBB[AA]</code> sequence, possibly followed by @ and a string
representing the alpha component.
</p>
<p>The alpha component may be a string composed by "0x" followed by an
hexadecimal number or a decimal number between 0.0 and 1.0, which
represents the opacity value (‘<samp>0x00</samp>’ or ‘<samp>0.0</samp>’ means completely
transparent, ‘<samp>0xff</samp>’ or ‘<samp>1.0</samp>’ completely opaque). If the alpha
component is not specified then ‘<samp>0xff</samp>’ is assumed.
</p>
<p>The string ‘<samp>random</samp>’ will result in a random color.
</p>
<p>The following names of colors are recognized:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>AliceBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF0F8FF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>AntiqueWhite</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFAEBD7
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Aqua</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x00FFFF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Aquamarine</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x7FFFD4
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Azure</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF0FFFF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Beige</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF5F5DC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Bisque</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFE4C4
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Black</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x000000
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>BlanchedAlmond</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFEBCD
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Blue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x0000FF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>BlueViolet</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x8A2BE2
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Brown</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xA52A2A
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>BurlyWood</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xDEB887
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>CadetBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x5F9EA0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Chartreuse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x7FFF00
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Chocolate</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xD2691E
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Coral</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFF7F50
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>CornflowerBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x6495ED
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Cornsilk</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFF8DC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Crimson</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xDC143C
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Cyan</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x00FFFF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x00008B
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkCyan</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x008B8B
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkGoldenRod</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xB8860B
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkGray</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xA9A9A9
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x006400
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkKhaki</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xBDB76B
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkMagenta</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x8B008B
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkOliveGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x556B2F
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Darkorange</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFF8C00
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkOrchid</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x9932CC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkRed</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x8B0000
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkSalmon</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xE9967A
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkSeaGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x8FBC8F
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkSlateBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x483D8B
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkSlateGray</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x2F4F4F
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkTurquoise</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x00CED1
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DarkViolet</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x9400D3
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DeepPink</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFF1493
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DeepSkyBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x00BFFF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DimGray</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x696969
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DodgerBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x1E90FF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>FireBrick</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xB22222
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>FloralWhite</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFFAF0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ForestGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x228B22
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Fuchsia</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFF00FF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Gainsboro</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xDCDCDC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>GhostWhite</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF8F8FF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Gold</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFD700
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>GoldenRod</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xDAA520
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Gray</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x808080
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Green</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x008000
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>GreenYellow</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xADFF2F
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>HoneyDew</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF0FFF0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>HotPink</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFF69B4
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>IndianRed</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xCD5C5C
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Indigo</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x4B0082
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Ivory</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFFFF0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Khaki</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF0E68C
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Lavender</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xE6E6FA
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LavenderBlush</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFF0F5
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LawnGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x7CFC00
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LemonChiffon</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFFACD
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xADD8E6
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightCoral</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF08080
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightCyan</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xE0FFFF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightGoldenRodYellow</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFAFAD2
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x90EE90
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightGrey</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xD3D3D3
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightPink</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFB6C1
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightSalmon</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFA07A
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightSeaGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x20B2AA
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightSkyBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x87CEFA
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightSlateGray</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x778899
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightSteelBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xB0C4DE
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LightYellow</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFFFE0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Lime</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x00FF00
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LimeGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x32CD32
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Linen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFAF0E6
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Magenta</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFF00FF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Maroon</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x800000
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MediumAquaMarine</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x66CDAA
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MediumBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x0000CD
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MediumOrchid</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xBA55D3
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MediumPurple</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x9370D8
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MediumSeaGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x3CB371
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MediumSlateBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x7B68EE
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MediumSpringGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x00FA9A
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MediumTurquoise</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x48D1CC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MediumVioletRed</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xC71585
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MidnightBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x191970
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MintCream</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF5FFFA
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>MistyRose</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFE4E1
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Moccasin</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFE4B5
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>NavajoWhite</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFDEAD
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Navy</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x000080
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>OldLace</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFDF5E6
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Olive</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x808000
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>OliveDrab</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x6B8E23
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Orange</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFA500
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>OrangeRed</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFF4500
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Orchid</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xDA70D6
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>PaleGoldenRod</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xEEE8AA
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>PaleGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x98FB98
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>PaleTurquoise</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xAFEEEE
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>PaleVioletRed</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xD87093
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>PapayaWhip</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFEFD5
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>PeachPuff</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFDAB9
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Peru</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xCD853F
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Pink</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFC0CB
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Plum</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xDDA0DD
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>PowderBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xB0E0E6
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Purple</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x800080
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Red</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFF0000
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>RosyBrown</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xBC8F8F
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>RoyalBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x4169E1
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SaddleBrown</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x8B4513
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Salmon</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFA8072
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SandyBrown</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF4A460
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SeaGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x2E8B57
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SeaShell</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFF5EE
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Sienna</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xA0522D
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Silver</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xC0C0C0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SkyBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x87CEEB
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SlateBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x6A5ACD
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SlateGray</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x708090
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Snow</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFFAFA
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SpringGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x00FF7F
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SteelBlue</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x4682B4
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Tan</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xD2B48C
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Teal</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x008080
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Thistle</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xD8BFD8
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Tomato</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFF6347
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Turquoise</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x40E0D0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Violet</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xEE82EE
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Wheat</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF5DEB3
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>White</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFFFFF
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>WhiteSmoke</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xF5F5F5
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>Yellow</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0xFFFF00
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>YellowGreen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0x9ACD32
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="channel-layout-syntax"></a><a name="Channel-Layout"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.8 Channel Layout<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Channel-Layout" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Channel-Layout" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>A channel layout specifies the spatial disposition of the channels in
a multi-channel audio stream. To specify a channel layout, FFmpeg
makes use of a special syntax.
</p>
<p>Individual channels are identified by an id, as given by the table
below:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>FL</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>front left
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>FR</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>front right
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>FC</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>front center
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LFE</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>low frequency
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>BL</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>back left
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>BR</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>back right
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>FLC</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>front left-of-center
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>FRC</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>front right-of-center
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>BC</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>back center
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SL</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>side left
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SR</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>side right
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>TC</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>top center
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>TFL</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>top front left
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>TFC</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>top front center
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>TFR</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>top front right
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>TBL</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>top back left
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>TBC</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>top back center
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>TBR</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>top back right
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DL</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>downmix left
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>DR</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>downmix right
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>WL</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>wide left
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>WR</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>wide right
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SDL</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>surround direct left
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>SDR</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>surround direct right
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>LFE2</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>low frequency 2
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Standard channel layout compositions can be specified by using the
following identifiers:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>mono</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>stereo</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>2.1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+LFE
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>3.0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>3.0(back)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+BC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>4.0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>quad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+BL+BR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>quad(side)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>3.1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>5.0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BL+BR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>5.0(side)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>4.1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>5.1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>5.1(side)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>6.0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BC+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>6.0(front)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hexagonal</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>6.1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>6.1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+BC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>6.1(front)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>7.0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>7.0(front)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>7.1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>7.1(wide)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+FLC+FRC
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>7.1(wide-side)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>octagonal</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC+SL+SR
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>downmix</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>DL+DR
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>A custom channel layout can be specified as a sequence of terms, separated by
’+’ or ’|’. Each term can be:
</p><ul>
<li> the name of a standard channel layout (e.g. ‘<samp>mono</samp>’,
‘<samp>stereo</samp>’, ‘<samp>4.0</samp>’, ‘<samp>quad</samp>’, ‘<samp>5.0</samp>’, etc.)
</li><li> the name of a single channel (e.g. ‘<samp>FL</samp>’, ‘<samp>FR</samp>’, ‘<samp>FC</samp>’, ‘<samp>LFE</samp>’, etc.)
</li><li> a number of channels, in decimal, optionally followed by ’c’, yielding
the default channel layout for that number of channels (see the
function <code>av_get_default_channel_layout</code>)
</li><li> a channel layout mask, in hexadecimal starting with "0x" (see the
<code>AV_CH_*</code> macros in <samp>libavutil/channel_layout.h</samp>.
</li></ul>
<p>Starting from libavutil version 53 the trailing character "c" to
specify a number of channels will be required, while a channel layout
mask could also be specified as a decimal number (if and only if not
followed by "c").
</p>
<p>See also the function <code>av_get_channel_layout</code> defined in
<samp>libavutil/channel_layout.h</samp>.
</p>
<a name="Expression-Evaluation"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">5 Expression Evaluation<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Expression-Evaluation" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Expression-Evaluation" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>When evaluating an arithmetic expression, FFmpeg uses an internal
formula evaluator, implemented through the <samp>libavutil/eval.h</samp>
interface.
</p>
<p>An expression may contain unary, binary operators, constants, and
functions.
</p>
<p>Two expressions <var>expr1</var> and <var>expr2</var> can be combined to form
another expression "<var>expr1</var>;<var>expr2</var>".
<var>expr1</var> and <var>expr2</var> are evaluated in turn, and the new
expression evaluates to the value of <var>expr2</var>.
</p>
<p>The following binary operators are available: <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>,
<code>*</code>, <code>/</code>, <code>^</code>.
</p>
<p>The following unary operators are available: <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>.
</p>
<p>The following functions are available:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>abs(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute absolute value of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>acos(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute arccosine of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>asin(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute arcsine of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>atan(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute arctangent of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>between(x, min, max)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is greater than or equal to <var>min</var> and lesser than or
equal to <var>max</var>, 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bitand(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bitor(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute bitwise and/or operation on <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>.
</p>
<p>The results of the evaluation of <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are converted to
integers before executing the bitwise operation.
</p>
<p>Note that both the conversion to integer and the conversion back to
floating point can lose precision. Beware of unexpected results for
large numbers (usually 2^53 and larger).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ceil(expr)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Round the value of expression <var>expr</var> upwards to the nearest
integer. For example, "ceil(1.5)" is "2.0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>clip(x, min, max)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of <var>x</var> clipped between <var>min</var> and <var>max</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cos(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute cosine of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cosh(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute hyperbolic cosine of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>eq(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are equivalent, 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>exp(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute exponential of <var>x</var> (with base <code>e</code>, the Euler’s number).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>floor(expr)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Round the value of expression <var>expr</var> downwards to the nearest
integer. For example, "floor(-1.5)" is "-2.0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gauss(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute Gauss function of <var>x</var>, corresponding to
<code>exp(-x*x/2) / sqrt(2*PI)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gcd(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the greatest common divisor of <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>. If both <var>x</var> and
<var>y</var> are 0 or either or both are less than zero then behavior is undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gt(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is greater than <var>y</var>, 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gte(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is greater than or equal to <var>y</var>, 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hypot(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This function is similar to the C function with the same name; it returns
"sqrt(<var>x</var>*<var>x</var> + <var>y</var>*<var>y</var>)", the length of the hypotenuse of a
right triangle with sides of length <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>, or the distance of the
point (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) from the origin.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>if(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate <var>x</var>, and if the result is non-zero return the result of
the evaluation of <var>y</var>, return 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>if(x, y, z)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate <var>x</var>, and if the result is non-zero return the evaluation
result of <var>y</var>, otherwise the evaluation result of <var>z</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ifnot(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate <var>x</var>, and if the result is zero return the result of the
evaluation of <var>y</var>, return 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ifnot(x, y, z)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate <var>x</var>, and if the result is zero return the evaluation
result of <var>y</var>, otherwise the evaluation result of <var>z</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>isinf(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return 1.0 if <var>x</var> is +/-INFINITY, 0.0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>isnan(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return 1.0 if <var>x</var> is NAN, 0.0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ld(var)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Load the value of the internal variable with number
<var>var</var>, which was previously stored with st(<var>var</var>, <var>expr</var>).
The function returns the loaded value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>log(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute natural logarithm of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lt(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is lesser than <var>y</var>, 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lte(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return 1 if <var>x</var> is lesser than or equal to <var>y</var>, 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the maximum between <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>min(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the maximum between <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mod(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute the remainder of division of <var>x</var> by <var>y</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>not(expr)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return 1.0 if <var>expr</var> is zero, 0.0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pow(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute the power of <var>x</var> elevated <var>y</var>, it is equivalent to
"(<var>x</var>)^(<var>y</var>)".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>print(t)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>print(t, l)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print the value of expression <var>t</var> with loglevel <var>l</var>. If
<var>l</var> is not specified then a default log level is used.
Returns the value of the expression printed.
</p>
<p>Prints t with loglevel l
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>random(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return a pseudo random value between 0.0 and 1.0. <var>x</var> is the index of the
internal variable which will be used to save the seed/state.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>root(expr, max)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Find an input value for which the function represented by <var>expr</var>
with argument <var>ld(0)</var> is 0 in the interval 0..<var>max</var>.
</p>
<p>The expression in <var>expr</var> must denote a continuous function or the
result is undefined.
</p>
<p><var>ld(0)</var> is used to represent the function input value, which means
that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times with
various input values that the expression can access through
<code>ld(0)</code>. When the expression evaluates to 0 then the
corresponding input value will be returned.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sin(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute sine of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sinh(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute hyperbolic sine of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sqrt(expr)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute the square root of <var>expr</var>. This is equivalent to
"(<var>expr</var>)^.5".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>squish(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute expression <code>1/(1 + exp(4*x))</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>st(var, expr)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Store the value of the expression <var>expr</var> in an internal
variable. <var>var</var> specifies the number of the variable where to
store the value, and it is a value ranging from 0 to 9. The function
returns the value stored in the internal variable.
Note, Variables are currently not shared between expressions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tan(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute tangent of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tanh(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute hyperbolic tangent of <var>x</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>taylor(expr, x)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>taylor(expr, x, id)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate a Taylor series at <var>x</var>, given an expression representing
the <code>ld(id)</code>-th derivative of a function at 0.
</p>
<p>When the series does not converge the result is undefined.
</p>
<p><var>ld(id)</var> is used to represent the derivative order in <var>expr</var>,
which means that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times
with various input values that the expression can access through
<code>ld(id)</code>. If <var>id</var> is not specified then 0 is assumed.
</p>
<p>Note, when you have the derivatives at y instead of 0,
<code>taylor(expr, x-y)</code> can be used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>time(0)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the current (wallclock) time in seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>trunc(expr)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Round the value of expression <var>expr</var> towards zero to the nearest
integer. For example, "trunc(-1.5)" is "-1.0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>while(cond, expr)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate expression <var>expr</var> while the expression <var>cond</var> is
non-zero, and returns the value of the last <var>expr</var> evaluation, or
NAN if <var>cond</var> was always false.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The following constants are available:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>PI</samp></dt>
<dd><p>area of the unit disc, approximately 3.14
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>E</samp></dt>
<dd><p>exp(1) (Euler’s number), approximately 2.718
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>PHI</samp></dt>
<dd><p>golden ratio (1+sqrt(5))/2, approximately 1.618
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Assuming that an expression is considered "true" if it has a non-zero
value, note that:
</p>
<p><code>*</code> works like AND
</p>
<p><code>+</code> works like OR
</p>
<p>For example the construct:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">if (A AND B) then C
</pre></div>
<p>is equivalent to:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">if(A*B, C)
</pre></div>
<p>In your C code, you can extend the list of unary and binary functions,
and define recognized constants, so that they are available for your
expressions.
</p>
<p>The evaluator also recognizes the International System unit prefixes.
If ’i’ is appended after the prefix, binary prefixes are used, which
are based on powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000.
The ’B’ postfix multiplies the value by 8, and can be appended after a
unit prefix or used alone. This allows using for example ’KB’, ’MiB’,
’G’ and ’B’ as number postfix.
</p>
<p>The list of available International System prefixes follows, with
indication of the corresponding powers of 10 and of 2.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-24 / 2^-80
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>z</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-21 / 2^-70
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-18 / 2^-60
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-15 / 2^-50
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>p</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-12 / 2^-40
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-9 / 2^-30
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>u</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-6 / 2^-20
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>m</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-3 / 2^-10
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-2
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^-1
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^2
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>k</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^3 / 2^10
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>K</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^3 / 2^10
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>M</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^6 / 2^20
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>G</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^9 / 2^30
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>T</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^12 / 2^40
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>P</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^15 / 2^40
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>E</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^18 / 2^50
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>Z</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^21 / 2^60
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>Y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>10^24 / 2^70
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="OpenCL-Options"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">6 OpenCL Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#OpenCL-Options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-OpenCL-Options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>When FFmpeg is configured with <code>--enable-opencl</code>, it is possible
to set the options for the global OpenCL context.
</p>
<p>The list of supported options follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>build_options</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set build options used to compile the registered kernels.
</p>
<p>See reference "OpenCL Specification Version: 1.2 chapter 5.6.4".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>platform_idx</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the index of the platform to run OpenCL code.
</p>
<p>The specified index must be one of the indexes in the device list
which can be obtained with <code>ffmpeg -opencl_bench</code> or <code>av_opencl_get_device_list()</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>device_idx</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the index of the device used to run OpenCL code.
</p>
<p>The specified index must be one of the indexes in the device list which
can be obtained with <code>ffmpeg -opencl_bench</code> or <code>av_opencl_get_device_list()</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="codec_002doptions"></a><a name="Codec-Options"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">7 Codec Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Codec-Options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Codec-Options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>libavcodec provides some generic global options, which can be set on
all the encoders and decoders. In addition each codec may support
so-called private options, which are specific for a given codec.
</p>
<p>Sometimes, a global option may only affect a specific kind of codec,
and may be nonsensical or ignored by another, so you need to be aware
of the meaning of the specified options. Also some options are
meant only for decoding or encoding.
</p>
<p>Options may be set by specifying -<var>option</var> <var>value</var> in the
FFmpeg tools, or by setting the value explicitly in the
<code>AVCodecContext</code> options or using the <samp>libavutil/opt.h</samp> API
for programmatic use.
</p>
<p>The list of supported options follow:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>b <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set bitrate in bits/s. Default value is 200K.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ab <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set audio bitrate (in bits/s). Default value is 128K.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bt <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set video bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). In 1-pass mode, bitrate
tolerance specifies how far ratecontrol is willing to deviate from the
target average bitrate value. This is not related to min/max
bitrate. Lowering tolerance too much has an adverse effect on quality.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>flags <var>flags</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,audio,video,subtitles</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set generic flags.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>mv4</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use four motion vector by macroblock (mpeg4).
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qpel</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use 1/4 pel motion compensation.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>loop</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use loop filter.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qscale</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use fixed qscale.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>gmc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use gmc.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>mv0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Always try a mb with mv=<0,0>.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>input_preserved</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>pass1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use internal 2pass ratecontrol in first pass mode.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pass2</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use internal 2pass ratecontrol in second pass mode.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>gray</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Only decode/encode grayscale.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>emu_edge</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Do not draw edges.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>psnr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set error[?] variables during encoding.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>truncated</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>naq</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Normalize adaptive quantization.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ildct</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use interlaced DCT.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>low_delay</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Force low delay.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>global_header</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Place global headers in extradata instead of every keyframe.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bitexact</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Only write platform-, build- and time-independent data. (except (I)DCT).
This ensures that file and data checksums are reproducible and match between
platforms. Its primary use is for regression testing.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>aic</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Apply H263 advanced intra coding / mpeg4 ac prediction.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>cbp</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qprd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ilme</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Apply interlaced motion estimation.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>cgop</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use closed gop.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>me_method <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set motion estimation method.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>zero</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>zero motion estimation (fastest)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>full</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>full motion estimation (slowest)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>epzs</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>EPZS motion estimation (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>esa</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>esa motion estimation (alias for full)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>tesa</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>tesa motion estimation
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dia</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>dia motion estimation (alias for epzs)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>log</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>log motion estimation
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>phods</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>phods motion estimation
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>x1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>X1 motion estimation
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hex</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>hex motion estimation
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>umh</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>umh motion estimation
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>iter</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>iter motion estimation
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>extradata_size <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set extradata size.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>time_base <var>rational number</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set codec time base.
</p>
<p>It is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms of which
frame timestamps are represented. For fixed-fps content, timebase
should be <code>1 / frame_rate</code> and timestamp increments should be
identically 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>g <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the group of picture size. Default value is 12.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ar <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set audio sampling rate (in Hz).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ac <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of audio channels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cutoff <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set cutoff bandwidth.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>frame_size <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set audio frame size.
</p>
<p>Each submitted frame except the last must contain exactly frame_size
samples per channel. May be 0 when the codec has
CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE set, in that case the frame size is not
restricted. It is set by some decoders to indicate constant frame
size.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>frame_number <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frame number.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>delay <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>qcomp <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set video quantizer scale compression (VBR). It is used as a constant
in the ratecontrol equation. Recommended range for default rc_eq:
0.0-1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>qblur <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set video quantizer scale blur (VBR).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>qmin <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set min video quantizer scale (VBR). Must be included between -1 and
69, default value is 2.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>qmax <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set max video quantizer scale (VBR). Must be included between -1 and
1024, default value is 31.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>qdiff <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set max difference between the quantizer scale (VBR).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bf <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set max number of B frames between non-B-frames.
</p>
<p>Must be an integer between -1 and 16. 0 means that B-frames are
disabled. If a value of -1 is used, it will choose an automatic value
depending on the encoder.
</p>
<p>Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>b_qfactor <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set qp factor between P and B frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rc_strategy <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set ratecontrol method.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>b_strategy <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set strategy to choose between I/P/B-frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ps <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set RTP payload size in bytes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mv_bits <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>header_bits <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>i_tex_bits <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>p_tex_bits <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>i_count <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>p_count <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>skip_count <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>misc_bits <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>frame_bits <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>codec_tag <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bug <var>flags</var> (<em>decoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Workaround not auto detected encoder bugs.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>autodetect</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>old_msmpeg4</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>some old lavc generated msmpeg4v3 files (no autodetection)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>xvid_ilace</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Xvid interlacing bug (autodetected if fourcc==XVIX)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ump4</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>(autodetected if fourcc==UMP4)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>no_padding</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>padding bug (autodetected)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>amv</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>ac_vlc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>illegal vlc bug (autodetected per fourcc)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qpel_chroma</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>std_qpel</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>old standard qpel (autodetected per fourcc/version)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qpel_chroma2</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>direct_blocksize</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>direct-qpel-blocksize bug (autodetected per fourcc/version)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>edge</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>edge padding bug (autodetected per fourcc/version)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hpel_chroma</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>dc_clip</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>ms</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Workaround various bugs in microsoft broken decoders.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>trunc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>trancated frames
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lelim <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set single coefficient elimination threshold for luminance (negative
values also consider DC coefficient).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>celim <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set single coefficient elimination threshold for chrominance (negative
values also consider dc coefficient)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>strict <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify how strictly to follow the standards.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>very</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>strictly conform to a older more strict version of the spec or reference software
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>strict</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>strictly conform to all the things in the spec no matter what consequences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>normal</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>unofficial</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>allow unofficial extensions
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>experimental</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>allow non standardized experimental things, experimental
(unfinished/work in progress/not well tested) decoders and encoders.
Note: experimental decoders can pose a security risk, do not use this for
decoding untrusted input.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>b_qoffset <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set QP offset between P and B frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>err_detect <var>flags</var> (<em>decoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set error detection flags.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>crccheck</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>verify embedded CRCs
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bitstream</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>detect bitstream specification deviations
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>buffer</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>detect improper bitstream length
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>explode</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>abort decoding on minor error detection
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ignore_err</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>ignore decoding errors, and continue decoding.
This is useful if you want to analyze the content of a video and thus want
everything to be decoded no matter what. This option will not result in a video
that is pleasing to watch in case of errors.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>careful</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>consider things that violate the spec and have not been seen in the wild as errors
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>compliant</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>consider all spec non compliancies as errors
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>aggressive</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>consider things that a sane encoder should not do as an error
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>has_b_frames <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>block_align <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>mpeg_quant <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Use MPEG quantizers instead of H.263.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>qsquish <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>How to keep quantizer between qmin and qmax (0 = clip, 1 = use
differentiable function).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rc_qmod_amp <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set experimental quantizer modulation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rc_qmod_freq <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set experimental quantizer modulation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rc_override_count <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>rc_eq <var>string</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set rate control equation. When computing the expression, besides the
standard functions defined in the section ’Expression Evaluation’, the
following functions are available: bits2qp(bits), qp2bits(qp). Also
the following constants are available: iTex pTex tex mv fCode iCount
mcVar var isI isP isB avgQP qComp avgIITex avgPITex avgPPTex avgBPTex
avgTex.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>maxrate <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set max bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). Requires bufsize to be set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>minrate <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set min bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). Most useful in setting up a CBR
encode. It is of little use elsewise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bufsize <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set ratecontrol buffer size (in bits).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rc_buf_aggressivity <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Currently useless.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>i_qfactor <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set QP factor between P and I frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>i_qoffset <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set QP offset between P and I frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rc_init_cplx <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set initial complexity for 1-pass encoding.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dct <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set DCT algorithm.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>autoselect a good one (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>fastint</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>fast integer
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>int</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>accurate integer
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>mmx</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>altivec</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>faan</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>floating point AAN DCT
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lumi_mask <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compress bright areas stronger than medium ones.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tcplx_mask <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set temporal complexity masking.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>scplx_mask <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set spatial complexity masking.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>p_mask <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set inter masking.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dark_mask <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compress dark areas stronger than medium ones.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>idct <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select IDCT implementation.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>int</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>simple</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>simplemmx</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>simpleauto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Automatically pick a IDCT compatible with the simple one
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>arm</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>altivec</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sh4</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>simplearm</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>simplearmv5te</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>simplearmv6</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>simpleneon</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>simplealpha</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>ipp</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>xvidmmx</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>faani</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>floating point AAN IDCT
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>slice_count <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ec <var>flags</var> (<em>decoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set error concealment strategy.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>guess_mvs</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>iterative motion vector (MV) search (slow)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>deblock</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>use strong deblock filter for damaged MBs
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>favor_inter</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>favor predicting from the previous frame instead of the current
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bits_per_coded_sample <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>pred <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set prediction method.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>left</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>plane</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>median</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>aspect <var>rational number</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set sample aspect ratio.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>debug <var>flags</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,audio,video,subtitles</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print specific debug info.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>pict</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>picture info
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>rate control
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bitstream</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>mb_type</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>macroblock (MB) type
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>qp</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>per-block quantization parameter (QP)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>mv</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>motion vector
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dct_coeff</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>green_metadata</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>display complexity metadata for the upcoming frame, GoP or for a given duration.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>skip</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>startcode</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>pts</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>er</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>error recognition
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>mmco</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>memory management control operations (H.264)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bugs</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>vis_qp</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>visualize quantization parameter (QP), lower QP are tinted greener
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vis_mb_type</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>visualize block types
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>buffers</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>picture buffer allocations
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>thread_ops</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>threading operations
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nomc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>skip motion compensation
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>vismv <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Visualize motion vectors (MVs).
</p>
<p>This option is deprecated, see the codecview filter instead.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>pf</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>forward predicted MVs of P-frames
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bf</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>forward predicted MVs of B-frames
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bb</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>backward predicted MVs of B-frames
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cmp <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set full pel me compare function.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>sad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared errors
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>satd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dct</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute DCT transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>psnr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bit</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>number of bits needed for the block
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>rate distortion optimal, slow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>zero</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>noise preserving sum of squared differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w53</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w97</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dctmax</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>chroma</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>subcmp <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set sub pel me compare function.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>sad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared errors
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>satd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dct</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute DCT transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>psnr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bit</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>number of bits needed for the block
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>rate distortion optimal, slow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>zero</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>noise preserving sum of squared differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w53</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w97</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dctmax</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>chroma</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mbcmp <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set macroblock compare function.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>sad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared errors
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>satd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dct</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute DCT transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>psnr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bit</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>number of bits needed for the block
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>rate distortion optimal, slow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>zero</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>noise preserving sum of squared differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w53</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w97</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dctmax</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>chroma</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ildctcmp <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set interlaced dct compare function.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>sad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared errors
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>satd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dct</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute DCT transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>psnr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bit</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>number of bits needed for the block
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>rate distortion optimal, slow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>zero</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>noise preserving sum of squared differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w53</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w97</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dctmax</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>chroma</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dia_size <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set diamond type & size for motion estimation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>last_pred <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set amount of motion predictors from the previous frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>preme <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set pre motion estimation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>precmp <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set pre motion estimation compare function.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>sad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared errors
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>satd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dct</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute DCT transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>psnr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bit</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>number of bits needed for the block
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>rate distortion optimal, slow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>zero</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>noise preserving sum of squared differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w53</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w97</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dctmax</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>chroma</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pre_dia_size <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set diamond type & size for motion estimation pre-pass.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>subq <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set sub pel motion estimation quality.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dtg_active_format <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>me_range <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set limit motion vectors range (1023 for DivX player).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ibias <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set intra quant bias.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pbias <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set inter quant bias.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>color_table_id <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>global_quality <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>coder <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>vlc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>variable length coder / huffman coder
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ac</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>arithmetic coder
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>raw</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>raw (no encoding)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rle</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>run-length coder
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>deflate</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>deflate-based coder
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>context <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set context model.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>slice_flags <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>xvmc_acceleration <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>mbd <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set macroblock decision algorithm (high quality mode).
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>simple</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>use mbcmp (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bits</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>use fewest bits
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>use best rate distortion
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stream_codec_tag <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>sc_threshold <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set scene change threshold.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lmin <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set min lagrange factor (VBR).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lmax <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set max lagrange factor (VBR).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nr <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set noise reduction.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rc_init_occupancy <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of bits which should be loaded into the rc buffer before
decoding starts.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>flags2 <var>flags</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>fast</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Allow non spec compliant speedup tricks.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sgop</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>noout</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Skip bitstream encoding.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ignorecrop</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Ignore cropping information from sps.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>local_header</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Place global headers at every keyframe instead of in extradata.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>chunks</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Frame data might be split into multiple chunks.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>showall</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show all frames before the first keyframe.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>skiprd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>export_mvs</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Export motion vectors into frame side-data (see <code>AV_FRAME_DATA_MOTION_VECTORS</code>)
for codecs that support it. See also <samp>doc/examples/export_mvs.c</samp>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>error <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>qns <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>threads <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>detect a good number of threads
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>me_threshold <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set motion estimation threshold.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mb_threshold <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set macroblock threshold.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dc <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set intra_dc_precision.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nssew <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set nsse weight.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>skip_top <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of macroblock rows at the top which are skipped.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>skip_bottom <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of macroblock rows at the bottom which are skipped.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>profile <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>unknown</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>aac_main</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>aac_low</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>aac_ssr</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>aac_ltp</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>aac_he</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>aac_he_v2</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>aac_ld</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>aac_eld</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>mpeg2_aac_low</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>mpeg2_aac_he</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>mpeg4_sp</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>mpeg4_core</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>mpeg4_main</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>mpeg4_asp</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>dts</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>dts_es</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>dts_96_24</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>dts_hd_hra</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>dts_hd_ma</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>level <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>unknown</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lowres <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Decode at 1= 1/2, 2=1/4, 3=1/8 resolutions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>skip_threshold <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frame skip threshold.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>skip_factor <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frame skip factor.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>skip_exp <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frame skip exponent.
Negative values behave identical to the corresponding positive ones, except
that the score is normalized.
Positive values exist primarily for compatibility reasons and are not so useful.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>skipcmp <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frame skip compare function.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>sad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared errors
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>satd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dct</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute DCT transformed differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>psnr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bit</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>number of bits needed for the block
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>rate distortion optimal, slow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>zero</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>0
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsad</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of absolute vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sum of squared vertical differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nsse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>noise preserving sum of squared differences
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w53</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w97</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dctmax</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>chroma</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>border_mask <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Increase the quantizer for macroblocks close to borders.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mblmin <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set min macroblock lagrange factor (VBR).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mblmax <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set max macroblock lagrange factor (VBR).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mepc <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set motion estimation bitrate penalty compensation (1.0 = 256).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>skip_loop_filter <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>skip_idct <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>skip_frame <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Make decoder discard processing depending on the frame type selected
by the option value.
</p>
<p><samp>skip_loop_filter</samp> skips frame loop filtering, <samp>skip_idct</samp>
skips frame IDCT/dequantization, <samp>skip_frame</samp> skips decoding.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Discard no frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>default</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Discard useless frames like 0-sized frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>noref</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Discard all non-reference frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bidir</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Discard all bidirectional frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nokey</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Discard all frames excepts keyframes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>all</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Discard all frames.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>default</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bidir_refine <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Refine the two motion vectors used in bidirectional macroblocks.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>brd_scale <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Downscale frames for dynamic B-frame decision.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>keyint_min <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set minimum interval between IDR-frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>refs <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set reference frames to consider for motion compensation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chromaoffset <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set chroma qp offset from luma.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>trellis <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set rate-distortion optimal quantization.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sc_factor <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set value multiplied by qscale for each frame and added to
scene_change_score.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mv0_threshold <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>b_sensitivity <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust sensitivity of b_frame_strategy 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>compression_level <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>min_prediction_order <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>max_prediction_order <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>timecode_frame_start <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set GOP timecode frame start number, in non drop frame format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>request_channels <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set desired number of audio channels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bits_per_raw_sample <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>channel_layout <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Possible values:
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>request_channel_layout <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Possible values:
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>rc_max_vbv_use <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>rc_min_vbv_use <var>float</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ticks_per_frame <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,audio,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>color_primaries <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>color_trc <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>colorspace <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>color_range <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If used as input parameter, it serves as a hint to the decoder, which
color_range the input has.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_sample_location <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>log_level_offset <var>integer</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the log level offset.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>slices <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Number of slices, used in parallelized encoding.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>thread_type <var>flags</var> (<em>decoding/encoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select which multithreading methods to use.
</p>
<p>Use of ‘<samp>frame</samp>’ will increase decoding delay by one frame per
thread, so clients which cannot provide future frames should not use
it.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>slice</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Decode more than one part of a single frame at once.
</p>
<p>Multithreading using slices works only when the video was encoded with
slices.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>frame</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Decode more than one frame at once.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>slice+frame</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>audio_service_type <var>integer</var> (<em>encoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set audio service type.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>ma</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Main Audio Service
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ef</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Effects
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vi</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Visually Impaired
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hi</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Hearing Impaired
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>di</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Dialogue
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>co</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Commentary
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>em</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Emergency
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vo</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Voice Over
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ka</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Karaoke
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>request_sample_fmt <var>sample_fmt</var> (<em>decoding,audio</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set sample format audio decoders should prefer. Default value is
<code>none</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pkt_timebase <var>rational number</var></samp></dt>
<dt><samp>sub_charenc <var>encoding</var> (<em>decoding,subtitles</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the input subtitles character encoding.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>field_order <var>field_order</var> (<em>video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set/override the field order of the video.
Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>progressive</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Progressive video
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>tt</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Interlaced video, top field coded and displayed first
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bb</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Interlaced video, bottom field coded and displayed first
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>tb</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Interlaced video, top coded first, bottom displayed first
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bt</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Interlaced video, bottom coded first, top displayed first
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>skip_alpha <var>integer</var> (<em>decoding,video</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set to 1 to disable processing alpha (transparency). This works like the
‘<samp>gray</samp>’ flag in the <samp>flags</samp> option which skips chroma information
instead of alpha. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>codec_whitelist <var>list</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>"," separated List of allowed decoders. By default all are allowed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dump_separator <var>string</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Separator used to separate the fields printed on the command line about the
Stream parameters.
For example to separate the fields with newlines and indention:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffprobe -dump_separator "
" -i ~/videos/matrixbench_mpeg2.mpg
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Decoders"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">8 Decoders<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Decoders" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Decoders" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Decoders are configured elements in FFmpeg which allow the decoding of
multimedia streams.
</p>
<p>When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported native decoders
are enabled by default. Decoders requiring an external library must be enabled
manually via the corresponding <code>--enable-lib</code> option. You can list all
available decoders using the configure option <code>--list-decoders</code>.
</p>
<p>You can disable all the decoders with the configure option
<code>--disable-decoders</code> and selectively enable / disable single decoders
with the options <code>--enable-decoder=<var>DECODER</var></code> /
<code>--disable-decoder=<var>DECODER</var></code>.
</p>
<p>The option <code>-decoders</code> of the ff* tools will display the list of
enabled decoders.
</p>
<a name="Video-Decoders"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">9 Video Decoders<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Video-Decoders" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Video-Decoders" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>A description of some of the currently available video decoders
follows.
</p>
<a name="hevc"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.1 hevc<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#hevc" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-hevc" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>HEVC / H.265 decoder.
</p>
<p>Note: the <samp>skip_loop_filter</samp> option has effect only at level
<code>all</code>.
</p>
<a name="rawvideo"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.2 rawvideo<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rawvideo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rawvideo" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Raw video decoder.
</p>
<p>This decoder decodes rawvideo streams.
</p>
<a name="Options-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.2.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>top <var>top_field_first</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the assumed field type of the input video.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the video is assumed to be progressive (default)
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>0</samp></dt>
<dd><p>bottom-field-first is assumed
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>top-field-first is assumed
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Audio-Decoders"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">10 Audio Decoders<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Audio-Decoders" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Audio-Decoders" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>A description of some of the currently available audio decoders
follows.
</p>
<a name="ac3"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.1 ac3<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ac3" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ac3" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>AC-3 audio decoder.
</p>
<p>This decoder implements part of ATSC A/52:2010 and ETSI TS 102 366, as well as
the undocumented RealAudio 3 (a.k.a. dnet).
</p>
<a name="AC_002d3-Decoder-Options"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.1 AC-3 Decoder Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#AC_002d3-Decoder-Options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-AC_002d3-Decoder-Options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-drc_scale <var>value</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Dynamic Range Scale Factor. The factor to apply to dynamic range values
from the AC-3 stream. This factor is applied exponentially.
There are 3 notable scale factor ranges:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>drc_scale == 0</samp></dt>
<dd><p>DRC disabled. Produces full range audio.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>0 < drc_scale <= 1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>DRC enabled. Applies a fraction of the stream DRC value.
Audio reproduction is between full range and full compression.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>drc_scale > 1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>DRC enabled. Applies drc_scale asymmetrically.
Loud sounds are fully compressed. Soft sounds are enhanced.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="flac"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.2 flac<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#flac" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-flac" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>FLAC audio decoder.
</p>
<p>This decoder aims to implement the complete FLAC specification from Xiph.
</p>
<a name="FLAC-Decoder-options"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">10.2.1 FLAC Decoder options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#FLAC-Decoder-options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-FLAC-Decoder-options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-use_buggy_lpc</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The lavc FLAC encoder used to produce buggy streams with high lpc values
(like the default value). This option makes it possible to decode such streams
correctly by using lavc’s old buggy lpc logic for decoding.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="ffwavesynth"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.3 ffwavesynth<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ffwavesynth" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ffwavesynth" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Internal wave synthetizer.
</p>
<p>This decoder generates wave patterns according to predefined sequences. Its
use is purely internal and the format of the data it accepts is not publicly
documented.
</p>
<a name="libcelt"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.4 libcelt<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libcelt" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libcelt" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>libcelt decoder wrapper.
</p>
<p>libcelt allows libavcodec to decode the Xiph CELT ultra-low delay audio codec.
Requires the presence of the libcelt headers and library during configuration.
You need to explicitly configure the build with <code>--enable-libcelt</code>.
</p>
<a name="libgsm"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.5 libgsm<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libgsm" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libgsm" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>libgsm decoder wrapper.
</p>
<p>libgsm allows libavcodec to decode the GSM full rate audio codec. Requires
the presence of the libgsm headers and library during configuration. You need
to explicitly configure the build with <code>--enable-libgsm</code>.
</p>
<p>This decoder supports both the ordinary GSM and the Microsoft variant.
</p>
<a name="libilbc"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.6 libilbc<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libilbc" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libilbc" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>libilbc decoder wrapper.
</p>
<p>libilbc allows libavcodec to decode the Internet Low Bitrate Codec (iLBC)
audio codec. Requires the presence of the libilbc headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
<code>--enable-libilbc</code>.
</p>
<a name="Options-2"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">10.6.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-2" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The following option is supported by the libilbc wrapper.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>enhance</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Enable the enhancement of the decoded audio when set to 1. The default
value is 0 (disabled).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="libopencore_002damrnb"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.7 libopencore-amrnb<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libopencore_002damrnb" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libopencore_002damrnb" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>libopencore-amrnb decoder wrapper.
</p>
<p>libopencore-amrnb allows libavcodec to decode the Adaptive Multi-Rate
Narrowband audio codec. Using it requires the presence of the
libopencore-amrnb headers and library during configuration. You need to
explicitly configure the build with <code>--enable-libopencore-amrnb</code>.
</p>
<p>An FFmpeg native decoder for AMR-NB exists, so users can decode AMR-NB
without this library.
</p>
<a name="libopencore_002damrwb"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.8 libopencore-amrwb<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libopencore_002damrwb" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libopencore_002damrwb" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>libopencore-amrwb decoder wrapper.
</p>
<p>libopencore-amrwb allows libavcodec to decode the Adaptive Multi-Rate
Wideband audio codec. Using it requires the presence of the
libopencore-amrwb headers and library during configuration. You need to
explicitly configure the build with <code>--enable-libopencore-amrwb</code>.
</p>
<p>An FFmpeg native decoder for AMR-WB exists, so users can decode AMR-WB
without this library.
</p>
<a name="libopus"></a>
<h3 class="section">10.9 libopus<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libopus" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libopus" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>libopus decoder wrapper.
</p>
<p>libopus allows libavcodec to decode the Opus Interactive Audio Codec.
Requires the presence of the libopus headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
<code>--enable-libopus</code>.
</p>
<p>An FFmpeg native decoder for Opus exists, so users can decode Opus
without this library.
</p>
<a name="Subtitles-Decoders"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">11 Subtitles Decoders<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Subtitles-Decoders" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Subtitles-Decoders" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<a name="dvbsub"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.1 dvbsub<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dvbsub" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dvbsub" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<a name="Options-3"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">11.1.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-3" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-3" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>compute_clut</samp></dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Compute clut if no matching CLUT is in the stream.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>0</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Never compute CLUT
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Always compute CLUT and override the one provided in the stream.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dvb_substream</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Selects the dvb substream, or all substreams if -1 which is default.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="dvdsub"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.2 dvdsub<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dvdsub" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dvdsub" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>This codec decodes the bitmap subtitles used in DVDs; the same subtitles can
also be found in VobSub file pairs and in some Matroska files.
</p>
<a name="Options-4"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">11.2.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-4" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-4" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>palette</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the global palette used by the bitmaps. When stored in VobSub, the
palette is normally specified in the index file; in Matroska, the palette is
stored in the codec extra-data in the same format as in VobSub. In DVDs, the
palette is stored in the IFO file, and therefore not available when reading
from dumped VOB files.
</p>
<p>The format for this option is a string containing 16 24-bits hexadecimal
numbers (without 0x prefix) separated by comas, for example <code>0d00ee,
ee450d, 101010, eaeaea, 0ce60b, ec14ed, ebff0b, 0d617a, 7b7b7b, d1d1d1,
7b2a0e, 0d950c, 0f007b, cf0dec, cfa80c, 7c127b</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ifo_palette</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the IFO file from which the global palette is obtained.
(experimental)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>forced_subs_only</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Only decode subtitle entries marked as forced. Some titles have forced
and non-forced subtitles in the same track. Setting this flag to <code>1</code>
will only keep the forced subtitles. Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="libzvbi_002dteletext"></a>
<h3 class="section">11.3 libzvbi-teletext<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libzvbi_002dteletext" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libzvbi_002dteletext" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Libzvbi allows libavcodec to decode DVB teletext pages and DVB teletext
subtitles. Requires the presence of the libzvbi headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
<code>--enable-libzvbi</code>.
</p>
<a name="Options-5"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">11.3.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-5" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-5" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>txt_page</samp></dt>
<dd><p>List of teletext page numbers to decode. You may use the special * string to
match all pages. Pages that do not match the specified list are dropped.
Default value is *.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>txt_chop_top</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Discards the top teletext line. Default value is 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>txt_format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the format of the decoded subtitles. The teletext decoder is capable
of decoding the teletext pages to bitmaps or to simple text, you should use
"bitmap" for teletext pages, because certain graphics and colors cannot be
expressed in simple text. You might use "text" for teletext based subtitles if
your application can handle simple text based subtitles. Default value is
bitmap.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>txt_left</samp></dt>
<dd><p>X offset of generated bitmaps, default is 0.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>txt_top</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Y offset of generated bitmaps, default is 0.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>txt_chop_spaces</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Chops leading and trailing spaces and removes empty lines from the generated
text. This option is useful for teletext based subtitles where empty spaces may
be present at the start or at the end of the lines or empty lines may be
present between the subtitle lines because of double-sized teletext charactes.
Default value is 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>txt_duration</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Sets the display duration of the decoded teletext pages or subtitles in
miliseconds. Default value is 30000 which is 30 seconds.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>txt_transparent</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force transparent background of the generated teletext bitmaps. Default value
is 0 which means an opaque (black) background.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Bitstream-Filters"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">12 Bitstream Filters<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Bitstream-Filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Bitstream-Filters" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported bitstream
filters are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using
the configure option <code>--list-bsfs</code>.
</p>
<p>You can disable all the bitstream filters using the configure option
<code>--disable-bsfs</code>, and selectively enable any bitstream filter using
the option <code>--enable-bsf=BSF</code>, or you can disable a particular
bitstream filter using the option <code>--disable-bsf=BSF</code>.
</p>
<p>The option <code>-bsfs</code> of the ff* tools will display the list of
all the supported bitstream filters included in your build.
</p>
<p>The ff* tools have a -bsf option applied per stream, taking a
comma-separated list of filters, whose parameters follow the filter
name after a ’=’.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -c:v copy -bsf:v filter1[=opt1=str1/opt2=str2][,filter2] OUTPUT
</pre></div>
<p>Below is a description of the currently available bitstream filters,
with their parameters, if any.
</p>
<a name="aac_005fadtstoasc"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.1 aac_adtstoasc<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#aac_005fadtstoasc" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-aac_005fadtstoasc" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert MPEG-2/4 AAC ADTS to MPEG-4 Audio Specific Configuration
bitstream filter.
</p>
<p>This filter creates an MPEG-4 AudioSpecificConfig from an MPEG-2/4
ADTS header and removes the ADTS header.
</p>
<p>This is required for example when copying an AAC stream from a raw
ADTS AAC container to a FLV or a MOV/MP4 file.
</p>
<a name="chomp"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.2 chomp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#chomp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-chomp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Remove zero padding at the end of a packet.
</p>
<a name="dump_005fextra"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.3 dump_extra<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dump_005fextra" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dump_005fextra" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Add extradata to the beginning of the filtered packets.
</p>
<p>The additional argument specifies which packets should be filtered.
It accepts the values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>a</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>add extradata to all key packets, but only if <var>local_header</var> is
set in the <samp>flags2</samp> codec context field
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>k</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>add extradata to all key packets
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>e</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>add extradata to all packets
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If not specified it is assumed ‘<samp>k</samp>’.
</p>
<p>For example the following <code>ffmpeg</code> command forces a global
header (thus disabling individual packet headers) in the H.264 packets
generated by the <code>libx264</code> encoder, but corrects them by adding
the header stored in extradata to the key packets:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -flags:v +global_header -c:v libx264 -bsf:v dump_extra out.ts
</pre></div>
<a name="h264_005fmp4toannexb"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.4 h264_mp4toannexb<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#h264_005fmp4toannexb" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-h264_005fmp4toannexb" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert an H.264 bitstream from length prefixed mode to start code
prefixed mode (as defined in the Annex B of the ITU-T H.264
specification).
</p>
<p>This is required by some streaming formats, typically the MPEG-2
transport stream format ("mpegts").
</p>
<p>For example to remux an MP4 file containing an H.264 stream to mpegts
format with <code>ffmpeg</code>, you can use the command:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT.mp4 -codec copy -bsf:v h264_mp4toannexb OUTPUT.ts
</pre></div>
<a name="imxdump"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.5 imxdump<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#imxdump" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-imxdump" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Modifies the bitstream to fit in MOV and to be usable by the Final Cut
Pro decoder. This filter only applies to the mpeg2video codec, and is
likely not needed for Final Cut Pro 7 and newer with the appropriate
<samp>-tag:v</samp>.
</p>
<p>For example, to remux 30 MB/sec NTSC IMX to MOV:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input.mxf -c copy -bsf:v imxdump -tag:v mx3n output.mov
</pre></div>
<a name="mjpeg2jpeg"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.6 mjpeg2jpeg<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mjpeg2jpeg" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mjpeg2jpeg" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert MJPEG/AVI1 packets to full JPEG/JFIF packets.
</p>
<p>MJPEG is a video codec wherein each video frame is essentially a
JPEG image. The individual frames can be extracted without loss,
e.g. by
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i ../some_mjpeg.avi -c:v copy frames_%d.jpg
</pre></div>
<p>Unfortunately, these chunks are incomplete JPEG images, because
they lack the DHT segment required for decoding. Quoting from
<a href="http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000063.shtml">http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000063.shtml</a>:
</p>
<p>Avery Lee, writing in the rec.video.desktop newsgroup in 2001,
commented that "MJPEG, or at least the MJPEG in AVIs having the
MJPG fourcc, is restricted JPEG with a fixed – and *omitted* –
Huffman table. The JPEG must be YCbCr colorspace, it must be 4:2:2,
and it must use basic Huffman encoding, not arithmetic or
progressive. . . . You can indeed extract the MJPEG frames and
decode them with a regular JPEG decoder, but you have to prepend
the DHT segment to them, or else the decoder won’t have any idea
how to decompress the data. The exact table necessary is given in
the OpenDML spec."
</p>
<p>This bitstream filter patches the header of frames extracted from an MJPEG
stream (carrying the AVI1 header ID and lacking a DHT segment) to
produce fully qualified JPEG images.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i mjpeg-movie.avi -c:v copy -bsf:v mjpeg2jpeg frame_%d.jpg
exiftran -i -9 frame*.jpg
ffmpeg -i frame_%d.jpg -c:v copy rotated.avi
</pre></div>
<a name="mjpega_005fdump_005fheader"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.7 mjpega_dump_header<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mjpega_005fdump_005fheader" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mjpega_005fdump_005fheader" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<a name="movsub"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.8 movsub<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#movsub" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-movsub" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<a name="mp3_005fheader_005fdecompress"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.9 mp3_header_decompress<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mp3_005fheader_005fdecompress" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mp3_005fheader_005fdecompress" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<a name="mpeg4_005funpack_005fbframes"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.10 mpeg4_unpack_bframes<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mpeg4_005funpack_005fbframes" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mpeg4_005funpack_005fbframes" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Unpack DivX-style packed B-frames.
</p>
<p>DivX-style packed B-frames are not valid MPEG-4 and were only a
workaround for the broken Video for Windows subsystem.
They use more space, can cause minor AV sync issues, require more
CPU power to decode (unless the player has some decoded picture queue
to compensate the 2,0,2,0 frame per packet style) and cause
trouble if copied into a standard container like mp4 or mpeg-ps/ts,
because MPEG-4 decoders may not be able to decode them, since they are
not valid MPEG-4.
</p>
<p>For example to fix an AVI file containing an MPEG-4 stream with
DivX-style packed B-frames using <code>ffmpeg</code>, you can use the command:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT.avi -codec copy -bsf:v mpeg4_unpack_bframes OUTPUT.avi
</pre></div>
<a name="noise"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.11 noise<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#noise" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-noise" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Damages the contents of packets without damaging the container. Can be
used for fuzzing or testing error resilience/concealment.
</p>
<p>Parameters:
A numeral string, whose value is related to how often output bytes will
be modified. Therefore, values below or equal to 0 are forbidden, and
the lower the more frequent bytes will be modified, with 1 meaning
every byte is modified.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -c copy -bsf noise[=1] output.mkv
</pre></div>
<p>applies the modification to every byte.
</p>
<a name="remove_005fextra"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.12 remove_extra<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#remove_005fextra" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-remove_005fextra" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<a name="Format-Options"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">13 Format Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Format-Options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Format-Options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>The libavformat library provides some generic global options, which
can be set on all the muxers and demuxers. In addition each muxer or
demuxer may support so-called private options, which are specific for
that component.
</p>
<p>Options may be set by specifying -<var>option</var> <var>value</var> in the
FFmpeg tools, or by setting the value explicitly in the
<code>AVFormatContext</code> options or using the <samp>libavutil/opt.h</samp> API
for programmatic use.
</p>
<p>The list of supported options follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>avioflags <var>flags</var> (<em>input/output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>direct</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Reduce buffering.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>probesize <var>integer</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set probing size in bytes, i.e. the size of the data to analyze to get
stream information. A higher value will enable detecting more
information in case it is dispersed into the stream, but will increase
latency. Must be an integer not lesser than 32. It is 5000000 by default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>packetsize <var>integer</var> (<em>output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set packet size.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fflags <var>flags</var> (<em>input/output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set format flags.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>ignidx</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Ignore index.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>fastseek</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable fast, but inaccurate seeks for some formats.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>genpts</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Generate PTS.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nofillin</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Do not fill in missing values that can be exactly calculated.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>noparse</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Disable AVParsers, this needs <code>+nofillin</code> too.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>igndts</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Ignore DTS.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>discardcorrupt</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Discard corrupted frames.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sortdts</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Try to interleave output packets by DTS.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>keepside</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Do not merge side data.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>latm</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable RTP MP4A-LATM payload.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>nobuffer</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Reduce the latency introduced by optional buffering
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bitexact</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Only write platform-, build- and time-independent data.
This ensures that file and data checksums are reproducible and match between
platforms. Its primary use is for regression testing.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>seek2any <var>integer</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Allow seeking to non-keyframes on demuxer level when supported if set to 1.
Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>analyzeduration <var>integer</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify how many microseconds are analyzed to probe the input. A
higher value will enable detecting more accurate information, but will
increase latency. It defaults to 5,000,000 microseconds = 5 seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cryptokey <var>hexadecimal string</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set decryption key.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>indexmem <var>integer</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set max memory used for timestamp index (per stream).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtbufsize <var>integer</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set max memory used for buffering real-time frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fdebug <var>flags</var> (<em>input/output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Print specific debug info.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>ts</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_delay <var>integer</var> (<em>input/output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set maximum muxing or demuxing delay in microseconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fpsprobesize <var>integer</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of frames used to probe fps.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>audio_preload <var>integer</var> (<em>output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set microseconds by which audio packets should be interleaved earlier.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chunk_duration <var>integer</var> (<em>output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set microseconds for each chunk.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chunk_size <var>integer</var> (<em>output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set size in bytes for each chunk.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>err_detect, f_err_detect <var>flags</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set error detection flags. <code>f_err_detect</code> is deprecated and
should be used only via the <code>ffmpeg</code> tool.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>crccheck</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Verify embedded CRCs.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bitstream</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Detect bitstream specification deviations.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>buffer</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Detect improper bitstream length.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>explode</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Abort decoding on minor error detection.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>careful</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Consider things that violate the spec and have not been seen in the
wild as errors.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>compliant</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Consider all spec non compliancies as errors.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>aggressive</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Consider things that a sane encoder should not do as an error.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_interleave_delta <var>integer</var> (<em>output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set maximum buffering duration for interleaving. The duration is
expressed in microseconds, and defaults to 1000000 (1 second).
</p>
<p>To ensure all the streams are interleaved correctly, libavformat will
wait until it has at least one packet for each stream before actually
writing any packets to the output file. When some streams are
"sparse" (i.e. there are large gaps between successive packets), this
can result in excessive buffering.
</p>
<p>This field specifies the maximum difference between the timestamps of the
first and the last packet in the muxing queue, above which libavformat
will output a packet regardless of whether it has queued a packet for all
the streams.
</p>
<p>If set to 0, libavformat will continue buffering packets until it has
a packet for each stream, regardless of the maximum timestamp
difference between the buffered packets.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>use_wallclock_as_timestamps <var>integer</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Use wallclock as timestamps.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>avoid_negative_ts <var>integer</var> (<em>output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Possible values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>make_non_negative</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Shift timestamps to make them non-negative.
Also note that this affects only leading negative timestamps, and not
non-monotonic negative timestamps.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>make_zero</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Shift timestamps so that the first timestamp is 0.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>auto (default)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enables shifting when required by the target format.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>disabled</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Disables shifting of timestamp.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>When shifting is enabled, all output timestamps are shifted by the
same amount. Audio, video, and subtitles desynching and relative
timestamp differences are preserved compared to how they would have
been without shifting.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>skip_initial_bytes <var>integer</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of bytes to skip before reading header and frames if set to 1.
Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>correct_ts_overflow <var>integer</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Correct single timestamp overflows if set to 1. Default is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>flush_packets <var>integer</var> (<em>output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Flush the underlying I/O stream after each packet. Default 1 enables it, and
has the effect of reducing the latency; 0 disables it and may slightly
increase performance in some cases.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>output_ts_offset <var>offset</var> (<em>output</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output time offset.
</p>
<p><var>offset</var> must be a time duration specification,
see <a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>.
</p>
<p>The offset is added by the muxer to the output timestamps.
</p>
<p>Specifying a positive offset means that the corresponding streams are
delayed bt the time duration specified in <var>offset</var>. Default value
is <code>0</code> (meaning that no offset is applied).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>format_whitelist <var>list</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>"," separated List of allowed demuxers. By default all are allowed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dump_separator <var>string</var> (<em>input</em>)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Separator used to separate the fields printed on the command line about the
Stream parameters.
For example to separate the fields with newlines and indention:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffprobe -dump_separator "
" -i ~/videos/matrixbench_mpeg2.mpg
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Format-stream-specifiers"></a><a name="Format-stream-specifiers-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">13.1 Format stream specifiers<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Format-stream-specifiers-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Format-stream-specifiers-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Format stream specifiers allow selection of one or more streams that
match specific properties.
</p>
<p>Possible forms of stream specifiers are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp><var>stream_index</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Matches the stream with this index.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp><var>stream_type</var>[:<var>stream_index</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p><var>stream_type</var> is one of following: ’v’ for video, ’a’ for audio,
’s’ for subtitle, ’d’ for data, and ’t’ for attachments. If
<var>stream_index</var> is given, then it matches the stream number
<var>stream_index</var> of this type. Otherwise, it matches all streams of
this type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>p:<var>program_id</var>[:<var>stream_index</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If <var>stream_index</var> is given, then it matches the stream with number
<var>stream_index</var> in the program with the id
<var>program_id</var>. Otherwise, it matches all streams in the program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>#<var>stream_id</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Matches the stream by a format-specific ID.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The exact semantics of stream specifiers is defined by the
<code>avformat_match_stream_specifier()</code> function declared in the
<samp>libavformat/avformat.h</samp> header.
</p>
<a name="Demuxers"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">14 Demuxers<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Demuxers" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Demuxers" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Demuxers are configured elements in FFmpeg that can read the
multimedia streams from a particular type of file.
</p>
<p>When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported demuxers
are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the
configure option <code>--list-demuxers</code>.
</p>
<p>You can disable all the demuxers using the configure option
<code>--disable-demuxers</code>, and selectively enable a single demuxer with
the option <code>--enable-demuxer=<var>DEMUXER</var></code>, or disable it
with the option <code>--disable-demuxer=<var>DEMUXER</var></code>.
</p>
<p>The option <code>-formats</code> of the ff* tools will display the list of
enabled demuxers.
</p>
<p>The description of some of the currently available demuxers follows.
</p>
<a name="aa"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.1 aa<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#aa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-aa" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer is used to demux Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 (.aa) files.
</p>
<a name="applehttp"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.2 applehttp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#applehttp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-applehttp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apple HTTP Live Streaming demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer presents all AVStreams from all variant streams.
The id field is set to the bitrate variant index number. By setting
the discard flags on AVStreams (by pressing ’a’ or ’v’ in ffplay),
the caller can decide which variant streams to actually receive.
The total bitrate of the variant that the stream belongs to is
available in a metadata key named "variant_bitrate".
</p>
<a name="apng"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.3 apng<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#apng" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-apng" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Animated Portable Network Graphics demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer is used to demux APNG files.
All headers, but the PNG signature, up to (but not including) the first
fcTL chunk are transmitted as extradata.
Frames are then split as being all the chunks between two fcTL ones, or
between the last fcTL and IEND chunks.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-ignore_loop <var>bool</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Ignore the loop variable in the file if set.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-max_fps <var>int</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Maximum framerate in frames per second (0 for no limit).
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-default_fps <var>int</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Default framerate in frames per second when none is specified in the file
(0 meaning as fast as possible).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="asf"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.4 asf<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#asf" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-asf" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Advanced Systems Format demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer is used to demux ASF files and MMS network streams.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-no_resync_search <var>bool</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Do not try to resynchronize by looking for a certain optional start code.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="concat"></a><a name="concat-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.5 concat<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#concat-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-concat-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Virtual concatenation script demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer reads a list of files and other directives from a text file and
demuxes them one after the other, as if all their packet had been muxed
together.
</p>
<p>The timestamps in the files are adjusted so that the first file starts at 0
and each next file starts where the previous one finishes. Note that it is
done globally and may cause gaps if all streams do not have exactly the same
length.
</p>
<p>All files must have the same streams (same codecs, same time base, etc.).
</p>
<p>The duration of each file is used to adjust the timestamps of the next file:
if the duration is incorrect (because it was computed using the bit-rate or
because the file is truncated, for example), it can cause artifacts. The
<code>duration</code> directive can be used to override the duration stored in
each file.
</p>
<a name="Syntax-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">14.5.1 Syntax<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Syntax-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Syntax-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The script is a text file in extended-ASCII, with one directive per line.
Empty lines, leading spaces and lines starting with ’#’ are ignored. The
following directive is recognized:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp><code>file <var>path</var></code></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Path to a file to read; special characters and spaces must be escaped with
backslash or single quotes.
</p>
<p>All subsequent file-related directives apply to that file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp><code>ffconcat version 1.0</code></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Identify the script type and version. It also sets the <samp>safe</samp> option
to 1 if it was to its default -1.
</p>
<p>To make FFmpeg recognize the format automatically, this directive must
appears exactly as is (no extra space or byte-order-mark) on the very first
line of the script.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp><code>duration <var>dur</var></code></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Duration of the file. This information can be specified from the file;
specifying it here may be more efficient or help if the information from the
file is not available or accurate.
</p>
<p>If the duration is set for all files, then it is possible to seek in the
whole concatenated video.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp><code>inpoint <var>timestamp</var></code></samp></dt>
<dd><p>In point of the file. When the demuxer opens the file it instantly seeks to the
specified timestamp. Seeking is done so that all streams can be presented
successfully at In point.
</p>
<p>This directive works best with intra frame codecs, because for non-intra frame
ones you will usually get extra packets before the actual In point and the
decoded content will most likely contain frames before In point too.
</p>
<p>For each file, packets before the file In point will have timestamps less than
the calculated start timestamp of the file (negative in case of the first
file), and the duration of the files (if not specified by the <code>duration</code>
directive) will be reduced based on their specified In point.
</p>
<p>Because of potential packets before the specified In point, packet timestamps
may overlap between two concatenated files.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp><code>outpoint <var>timestamp</var></code></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Out point of the file. When the demuxer reaches the specified decoding
timestamp in any of the streams, it handles it as an end of file condition and
skips the current and all the remaining packets from all streams.
</p>
<p>Out point is exclusive, which means that the demuxer will not output packets
with a decoding timestamp greater or equal to Out point.
</p>
<p>This directive works best with intra frame codecs and formats where all streams
are tightly interleaved. For non-intra frame codecs you will usually get
additional packets with presentation timestamp after Out point therefore the
decoded content will most likely contain frames after Out point too. If your
streams are not tightly interleaved you may not get all the packets from all
streams before Out point and you may only will be able to decode the earliest
stream until Out point.
</p>
<p>The duration of the files (if not specified by the <code>duration</code>
directive) will be reduced based on their specified Out point.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp><code>file_packet_metadata <var>key=value</var></code></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Metadata of the packets of the file. The specified metadata will be set for
each file packet. You can specify this directive multiple times to add multiple
metadata entries.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp><code>stream</code></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Introduce a stream in the virtual file.
All subsequent stream-related directives apply to the last introduced
stream.
Some streams properties must be set in order to allow identifying the
matching streams in the subfiles.
If no streams are defined in the script, the streams from the first file are
copied.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp><code>exact_stream_id <var>id</var></code></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the id of the stream.
If this directive is given, the string with the corresponding id in the
subfiles will be used.
This is especially useful for MPEG-PS (VOB) files, where the order of the
streams is not reliable.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Options-6"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">14.5.2 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-6" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-6" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>This demuxer accepts the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>safe</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, reject unsafe file paths. A file path is considered safe if it
does not contain a protocol specification and is relative and all components
only contain characters from the portable character set (letters, digits,
period, underscore and hyphen) and have no period at the beginning of a
component.
</p>
<p>If set to 0, any file name is accepted.
</p>
<p>The default is -1, it is equivalent to 1 if the format was automatically
probed and 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>auto_convert</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, try to perform automatic conversions on packet data to make the
streams concatenable.
The default is 1.
</p>
<p>Currently, the only conversion is adding the h264_mp4toannexb bitstream
filter to H.264 streams in MP4 format. This is necessary in particular if
there are resolution changes.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="flv"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.6 flv<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#flv" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-flv" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Adobe Flash Video Format demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer is used to demux FLV files and RTMP network streams.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-flv_metadata <var>bool</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Allocate the streams according to the onMetaData array content.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="libgme"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.7 libgme<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libgme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libgme" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The Game Music Emu library is a collection of video game music file emulators.
</p>
<p>See <a href="http://code.google.com/p/game-music-emu/">http://code.google.com/p/game-music-emu/</a> for more information.
</p>
<p>Some files have multiple tracks. The demuxer will pick the first track by
default. The <samp>track_index</samp> option can be used to select a different
track. Track indexes start at 0. The demuxer exports the number of tracks as
<var>tracks</var> meta data entry.
</p>
<p>For very large files, the <samp>max_size</samp> option may have to be adjusted.
</p>
<a name="libquvi"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.8 libquvi<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libquvi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libquvi" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Play media from Internet services using the quvi project.
</p>
<p>The demuxer accepts a <samp>format</samp> option to request a specific quality. It
is by default set to <var>best</var>.
</p>
<p>See <a href="http://quvi.sourceforge.net/">http://quvi.sourceforge.net/</a> for more information.
</p>
<p>FFmpeg needs to be built with <code>--enable-libquvi</code> for this demuxer to be
enabled.
</p>
<a name="gif"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.9 gif<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#gif" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-gif" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Animated GIF demuxer.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>min_delay</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the minimum valid delay between frames in hundredths of seconds.
Range is 0 to 6000. Default value is 2.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_gif_delay</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum valid delay between frames in hundredth of seconds.
Range is 0 to 65535. Default value is 65535 (nearly eleven minutes),
the maximum value allowed by the specification.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>default_delay</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the default delay between frames in hundredths of seconds.
Range is 0 to 6000. Default value is 10.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ignore_loop</samp></dt>
<dd><p>GIF files can contain information to loop a certain number of times (or
infinitely). If <samp>ignore_loop</samp> is set to 1, then the loop setting
from the input will be ignored and looping will not occur. If set to 0,
then looping will occur and will cycle the number of times according to
the GIF. Default value is 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example, with the overlay filter, place an infinitely looping GIF
over another video:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ignore_loop 0 -i input.gif -filter_complex overlay=shortest=1 out.mkv
</pre></div>
<p>Note that in the above example the shortest option for overlay filter is
used to end the output video at the length of the shortest input file,
which in this case is <samp>input.mp4</samp> as the GIF in this example loops
infinitely.
</p>
<a name="image2"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.10 image2<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#image2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-image2" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Image file demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer reads from a list of image files specified by a pattern.
The syntax and meaning of the pattern is specified by the
option <var>pattern_type</var>.
</p>
<p>The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically
determine the format of the images contained in the files.
</p>
<p>The size, the pixel format, and the format of each image must be the
same for all the files in the sequence.
</p>
<p>This demuxer accepts the following options:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frame rate for the video stream. It defaults to 25.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>loop</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, loop over the input. Default value is 0.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>pattern_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the pattern type used to interpret the provided filename.
</p>
<p><var>pattern_type</var> accepts one of the following values.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>none</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Disable pattern matching, therefore the video will only contain the specified
image. You should use this option if you do not want to create sequences from
multiple images and your filenames may contain special pattern characters.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>sequence</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select a sequence pattern type, used to specify a sequence of files
indexed by sequential numbers.
</p>
<p>A sequence pattern may contain the string "%d" or "%0<var>N</var>d", which
specifies the position of the characters representing a sequential
number in each filename matched by the pattern. If the form
"%d0<var>N</var>d" is used, the string representing the number in each
filename is 0-padded and <var>N</var> is the total number of 0-padded
digits representing the number. The literal character ’%’ can be
specified in the pattern with the string "%%".
</p>
<p>If the sequence pattern contains "%d" or "%0<var>N</var>d", the first filename of
the file list specified by the pattern must contain a number
inclusively contained between <var>start_number</var> and
<var>start_number</var>+<var>start_number_range</var>-1, and all the following
numbers must be sequential.
</p>
<p>For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will match a sequence of
filenames of the form <samp>img-001.bmp</samp>, <samp>img-002.bmp</samp>, ...,
<samp>img-010.bmp</samp>, etc.; the pattern "i%%m%%g-%d.jpg" will match a
sequence of filenames of the form <samp>i%m%g-1.jpg</samp>,
<samp>i%m%g-2.jpg</samp>, ..., <samp>i%m%g-10.jpg</samp>, etc.
</p>
<p>Note that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or
"%0<var>N</var>d", for example to convert a single image file
<samp>img.jpeg</samp> you can employ the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i img.jpeg img.png
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt><samp>glob</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select a glob wildcard pattern type.
</p>
<p>The pattern is interpreted like a <code>glob()</code> pattern. This is only
selectable if libavformat was compiled with globbing support.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>glob_sequence <em>(deprecated, will be removed)</em></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select a mixed glob wildcard/sequence pattern.
</p>
<p>If your version of libavformat was compiled with globbing support, and
the provided pattern contains at least one glob meta character among
<code>%*?[]{}</code> that is preceded by an unescaped "%", the pattern is
interpreted like a <code>glob()</code> pattern, otherwise it is interpreted
like a sequence pattern.
</p>
<p>All glob special characters <code>%*?[]{}</code> must be prefixed
with "%". To escape a literal "%" you shall use "%%".
</p>
<p>For example the pattern <code>foo-%*.jpeg</code> will match all the
filenames prefixed by "foo-" and terminating with ".jpeg", and
<code>foo-%?%?%?.jpeg</code> will match all the filenames prefixed with
"foo-", followed by a sequence of three characters, and terminating
with ".jpeg".
</p>
<p>This pattern type is deprecated in favor of <var>glob</var> and
<var>sequence</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <var>glob_sequence</var>.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>pixel_format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the pixel format of the images to read. If not specified the pixel
format is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>start_number</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the index of the file matched by the image file pattern to start
to read from. Default value is 0.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>start_number_range</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the index interval range to check when looking for the first image
file in the sequence, starting from <var>start_number</var>. Default value
is 5.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>ts_from_file</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, will set frame timestamp to modification time of image file. Note
that monotonity of timestamps is not provided: images go in the same order as
without this option. Default value is 0.
If set to 2, will set frame timestamp to the modification time of the image file in
nanosecond precision.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video size of the images to read. If not specified the video
size is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-2"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">14.10.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-2" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Use <code>ffmpeg</code> for creating a video from the images in the file
sequence <samp>img-001.jpeg</samp>, <samp>img-002.jpeg</samp>, ..., assuming an
input frame rate of 10 frames per second:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -framerate 10 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv
</pre></div>
</li><li> As above, but start by reading from a file with index 100 in the sequence:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -framerate 10 -start_number 100 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv
</pre></div>
</li><li> Read images matching the "*.png" glob pattern , that is all the files
terminating with the ".png" suffix:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -framerate 10 -pattern_type glob -i "*.png" out.mkv
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="mov_002fmp4_002f3gp_002fQuicktme"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.11 mov/mp4/3gp/Quicktme<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mov_002fmp4_002f3gp_002fQuicktme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mov_002fmp4_002f3gp_002fQuicktme" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Quicktime / MP4 demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer accepts the following options:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>enable_drefs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable loading of external tracks, disabled by default.
Enabling this can theoretically leak information in some use cases.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>use_absolute_path</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Allows loading of external tracks via absolute paths, disabled by default.
Enabling this poses a security risk. It should only be enabled if the source
is known to be non malicious.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="mpegts"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.12 mpegts<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mpegts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mpegts" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>MPEG-2 transport stream demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer accepts the following options:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>resync_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set size limit for looking up a new synchronization. Default value is
65536.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fix_teletext_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Override teletext packet PTS and DTS values with the timestamps calculated
from the PCR of the first program which the teletext stream is part of and is
not discarded. Default value is 1, set this option to 0 if you want your
teletext packet PTS and DTS values untouched.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ts_packetsize</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Output option carrying the raw packet size in bytes.
Show the detected raw packet size, cannot be set by the user.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>scan_all_pmts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Scan and combine all PMTs. The value is an integer with value from -1
to 1 (-1 means automatic setting, 1 means enabled, 0 means
disabled). Default value is -1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="rawvideo-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.13 rawvideo<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rawvideo-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rawvideo-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Raw video demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer allows one to read raw video data. Since there is no header
specifying the assumed video parameters, the user must specify them
in order to be able to decode the data correctly.
</p>
<p>This demuxer accepts the following options:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set input video frame rate. Default value is 25.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pixel_format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the input video pixel format. Default value is <code>yuv420p</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the input video size. This value must be specified explicitly.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example to read a rawvideo file <samp>input.raw</samp> with
<code>ffplay</code>, assuming a pixel format of <code>rgb24</code>, a video
size of <code>320x240</code>, and a frame rate of 10 images per second, use
the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f rawvideo -pixel_format rgb24 -video_size 320x240 -framerate 10 input.raw
</pre></div>
<a name="sbg"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.14 sbg<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#sbg" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-sbg" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>SBaGen script demuxer.
</p>
<p>This demuxer reads the script language used by SBaGen
<a href="http://uazu.net/sbagen/">http://uazu.net/sbagen/</a> to generate binaural beats sessions. A SBG
script looks like that:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">-SE
a: 300-2.5/3 440+4.5/0
b: 300-2.5/0 440+4.5/3
off: -
NOW == a
+0:07:00 == b
+0:14:00 == a
+0:21:00 == b
+0:30:00 off
</pre></div>
<p>A SBG script can mix absolute and relative timestamps. If the script uses
either only absolute timestamps (including the script start time) or only
relative ones, then its layout is fixed, and the conversion is
straightforward. On the other hand, if the script mixes both kind of
timestamps, then the <var>NOW</var> reference for relative timestamps will be
taken from the current time of day at the time the script is read, and the
script layout will be frozen according to that reference. That means that if
the script is directly played, the actual times will match the absolute
timestamps up to the sound controller’s clock accuracy, but if the user
somehow pauses the playback or seeks, all times will be shifted accordingly.
</p>
<a name="tedcaptions"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.15 tedcaptions<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#tedcaptions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-tedcaptions" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>JSON captions used for <a href="http://www.ted.com/">TED Talks</a>.
</p>
<p>TED does not provide links to the captions, but they can be guessed from the
page. The file <samp>tools/bookmarklets.html</samp> from the FFmpeg source tree
contains a bookmarklet to expose them.
</p>
<p>This demuxer accepts the following option:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>start_time</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the start time of the TED talk, in milliseconds. The default is 15000
(15s). It is used to sync the captions with the downloadable videos, because
they include a 15s intro.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Example: convert the captions to a format most players understand:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i http://www.ted.com/talks/subtitles/id/1/lang/en talk1-en.srt
</pre></div>
<a name="Metadata"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">15 Metadata<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Metadata" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Metadata" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>FFmpeg is able to dump metadata from media files into a simple UTF-8-encoded
INI-like text file and then load it back using the metadata muxer/demuxer.
</p>
<p>The file format is as follows:
</p><ol>
<li> A file consists of a header and a number of metadata tags divided into sections,
each on its own line.
</li><li> The header is a ‘<samp>;FFMETADATA</samp>’ string, followed by a version number (now 1).
</li><li> Metadata tags are of the form ‘<samp>key=value</samp>’
</li><li> Immediately after header follows global metadata
</li><li> After global metadata there may be sections with per-stream/per-chapter
metadata.
</li><li> A section starts with the section name in uppercase (i.e. STREAM or CHAPTER) in
brackets (‘<samp>[</samp>’, ‘<samp>]</samp>’) and ends with next section or end of file.
</li><li> At the beginning of a chapter section there may be an optional timebase to be
used for start/end values. It must be in form
‘<samp>TIMEBASE=<var>num</var>/<var>den</var></samp>’, where <var>num</var> and <var>den</var> are
integers. If the timebase is missing then start/end times are assumed to
be in milliseconds.
<p>Next a chapter section must contain chapter start and end times in form
‘<samp>START=<var>num</var></samp>’, ‘<samp>END=<var>num</var></samp>’, where <var>num</var> is a positive
integer.
</p>
</li><li> Empty lines and lines starting with ‘<samp>;</samp>’ or ‘<samp>#</samp>’ are ignored.
</li><li> Metadata keys or values containing special characters (‘<samp>=</samp>’, ‘<samp>;</samp>’,
‘<samp>#</samp>’, ‘<samp>\</samp>’ and a newline) must be escaped with a backslash ‘<samp>\</samp>’.
</li><li> Note that whitespace in metadata (e.g. ‘<samp>foo = bar</samp>’) is considered to be
a part of the tag (in the example above key is ‘<samp>foo </samp>’, value is
‘<samp> bar</samp>’).
</li></ol>
<p>A ffmetadata file might look like this:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">;FFMETADATA1
title=bike\\shed
;this is a comment
artist=FFmpeg troll team
[CHAPTER]
TIMEBASE=1/1000
START=0
#chapter ends at 0:01:00
END=60000
title=chapter \#1
[STREAM]
title=multi\
line
</pre></div>
<p>By using the ffmetadata muxer and demuxer it is possible to extract
metadata from an input file to an ffmetadata file, and then transcode
the file into an output file with the edited ffmetadata file.
</p>
<p>Extracting an ffmetadata file with <samp>ffmpeg</samp> goes as follows:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -f ffmetadata FFMETADATAFILE
</pre></div>
<p>Reinserting edited metadata information from the FFMETADATAFILE file can
be done as:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -i FFMETADATAFILE -map_metadata 1 -codec copy OUTPUT
</pre></div>
<a name="Protocols"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">16 Protocols<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Protocols" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Protocols" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Protocols are configured elements in FFmpeg that enable access to
resources that require specific protocols.
</p>
<p>When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported protocols are
enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the
configure option "–list-protocols".
</p>
<p>You can disable all the protocols using the configure option
"–disable-protocols", and selectively enable a protocol using the
option "–enable-protocol=<var>PROTOCOL</var>", or you can disable a
particular protocol using the option
"–disable-protocol=<var>PROTOCOL</var>".
</p>
<p>The option "-protocols" of the ff* tools will display the list of
supported protocols.
</p>
<p>A description of the currently available protocols follows.
</p>
<a name="async"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.1 async<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#async" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-async" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Asynchronous data filling wrapper for input stream.
</p>
<p>Fill data in a background thread, to decouple I/O operation from demux thread.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">async:<var>URL</var>
async:http://host/resource
async:cache:http://host/resource
</pre></div>
<a name="bluray"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.2 bluray<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#bluray" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-bluray" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Read BluRay playlist.
</p>
<p>The accepted options are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>angle</samp></dt>
<dd><p>BluRay angle
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chapter</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Start chapter (1...N)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>playlist</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Playlist to read (BDMV/PLAYLIST/?????.mpls)
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Examples:
</p>
<p>Read longest playlist from BluRay mounted to /mnt/bluray:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">bluray:/mnt/bluray
</pre></div>
<p>Read angle 2 of playlist 4 from BluRay mounted to /mnt/bluray, start from chapter 2:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">-playlist 4 -angle 2 -chapter 2 bluray:/mnt/bluray
</pre></div>
<a name="cache"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.3 cache<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#cache" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-cache" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Caching wrapper for input stream.
</p>
<p>Cache the input stream to temporary file. It brings seeking capability to live streams.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">cache:<var>URL</var>
</pre></div>
<a name="concat-2"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.4 concat<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#concat-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-concat-2" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Physical concatenation protocol.
</p>
<p>Read and seek from many resources in sequence as if they were
a unique resource.
</p>
<p>A URL accepted by this protocol has the syntax:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">concat:<var>URL1</var>|<var>URL2</var>|...|<var>URLN</var>
</pre></div>
<p>where <var>URL1</var>, <var>URL2</var>, ..., <var>URLN</var> are the urls of the
resource to be concatenated, each one possibly specifying a distinct
protocol.
</p>
<p>For example to read a sequence of files <samp>split1.mpeg</samp>,
<samp>split2.mpeg</samp>, <samp>split3.mpeg</samp> with <code>ffplay</code> use the
command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay concat:split1.mpeg\|split2.mpeg\|split3.mpeg
</pre></div>
<p>Note that you may need to escape the character "|" which is special for
many shells.
</p>
<a name="crypto"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.5 crypto<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#crypto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-crypto" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>AES-encrypted stream reading protocol.
</p>
<p>The accepted options are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>key</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the AES decryption key binary block from given hexadecimal representation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>iv</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the AES decryption initialization vector binary block from given hexadecimal representation.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Accepted URL formats:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">crypto:<var>URL</var>
crypto+<var>URL</var>
</pre></div>
<a name="data"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.6 data<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#data" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-data" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Data in-line in the URI. See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_URI_scheme">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_URI_scheme</a>.
</p>
<p>For example, to convert a GIF file given inline with <code>ffmpeg</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhCAAIAMIEAAAAAAAA//8AAP//AP///////////////ywAAAAACAAIAAADF0gEDLojDgdGiJdJqUX02iB4E8Q9jUMkADs=" smiley.png
</pre></div>
<a name="file"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.7 file<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#file" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-file" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>File access protocol.
</p>
<p>Read from or write to a file.
</p>
<p>A file URL can have the form:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">file:<var>filename</var>
</pre></div>
<p>where <var>filename</var> is the path of the file to read.
</p>
<p>An URL that does not have a protocol prefix will be assumed to be a
file URL. Depending on the build, an URL that looks like a Windows
path with the drive letter at the beginning will also be assumed to be
a file URL (usually not the case in builds for unix-like systems).
</p>
<p>For example to read from a file <samp>input.mpeg</samp> with <code>ffmpeg</code>
use the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i file:input.mpeg output.mpeg
</pre></div>
<p>This protocol accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>truncate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Truncate existing files on write, if set to 1. A value of 0 prevents
truncating. Default value is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>blocksize</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set I/O operation maximum block size, in bytes. Default value is
<code>INT_MAX</code>, which results in not limiting the requested block size.
Setting this value reasonably low improves user termination request reaction
time, which is valuable for files on slow medium.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="ftp"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.8 ftp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ftp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ftp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
</p>
<p>Read from or write to remote resources using FTP protocol.
</p>
<p>Following syntax is required.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ftp://[user[:password]@]server[:port]/path/to/remote/resource.mpeg
</pre></div>
<p>This protocol accepts the following options.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>timeout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set timeout in microseconds of socket I/O operations used by the underlying low level
operation. By default it is set to -1, which means that the timeout is
not specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ftp-anonymous-password</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Password used when login as anonymous user. Typically an e-mail address
should be used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ftp-write-seekable</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Control seekability of connection during encoding. If set to 1 the
resource is supposed to be seekable, if set to 0 it is assumed not
to be seekable. Default value is 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>NOTE: Protocol can be used as output, but it is recommended to not do
it, unless special care is taken (tests, customized server configuration
etc.). Different FTP servers behave in different way during seek
operation. ff* tools may produce incomplete content due to server limitations.
</p>
<a name="gopher"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.9 gopher<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#gopher" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-gopher" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Gopher protocol.
</p>
<a name="hls"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.10 hls<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#hls" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-hls" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Read Apple HTTP Live Streaming compliant segmented stream as
a uniform one. The M3U8 playlists describing the segments can be
remote HTTP resources or local files, accessed using the standard
file protocol.
The nested protocol is declared by specifying
"+<var>proto</var>" after the hls URI scheme name, where <var>proto</var>
is either "file" or "http".
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">hls+http://host/path/to/remote/resource.m3u8
hls+file://path/to/local/resource.m3u8
</pre></div>
<p>Using this protocol is discouraged - the hls demuxer should work
just as well (if not, please report the issues) and is more complete.
To use the hls demuxer instead, simply use the direct URLs to the
m3u8 files.
</p>
<a name="http"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.11 http<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#http" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-http" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol).
</p>
<p>This protocol accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>seekable</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Control seekability of connection. If set to 1 the resource is
supposed to be seekable, if set to 0 it is assumed not to be seekable,
if set to -1 it will try to autodetect if it is seekable. Default
value is -1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chunked_post</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1 use chunked Transfer-Encoding for posts, default is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>content_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set a specific content type for the POST messages.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>headers</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set custom HTTP headers, can override built in default headers. The
value must be a string encoding the headers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>multiple_requests</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Use persistent connections if set to 1, default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>post_data</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set custom HTTP post data.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>user-agent</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>user_agent</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Override the User-Agent header. If not specified the protocol will use a
string describing the libavformat build. ("Lavf/<version>")
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>timeout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set timeout in microseconds of socket I/O operations used by the underlying low level
operation. By default it is set to -1, which means that the timeout is
not specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mime_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Export the MIME type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>icy</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1 request ICY (SHOUTcast) metadata from the server. If the server
supports this, the metadata has to be retrieved by the application by reading
the <samp>icy_metadata_headers</samp> and <samp>icy_metadata_packet</samp> options.
The default is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>icy_metadata_headers</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If the server supports ICY metadata, this contains the ICY-specific HTTP reply
headers, separated by newline characters.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>icy_metadata_packet</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If the server supports ICY metadata, and <samp>icy</samp> was set to 1, this
contains the last non-empty metadata packet sent by the server. It should be
polled in regular intervals by applications interested in mid-stream metadata
updates.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cookies</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the cookies to be sent in future requests. The format of each cookie is the
same as the value of a Set-Cookie HTTP response field. Multiple cookies can be
delimited by a newline character.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>offset</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set initial byte offset.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>end_offset</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Try to limit the request to bytes preceding this offset.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>method</samp></dt>
<dd><p>When used as a client option it sets the HTTP method for the request.
</p>
<p>When used as a server option it sets the HTTP method that is going to be
expected from the client(s).
If the expected and the received HTTP method do not match the client will
be given a Bad Request response.
When unset the HTTP method is not checked for now. This will be replaced by
autodetection in the future.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>listen</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1 enables experimental HTTP server. This can be used to send data when
used as an output option, or read data from a client with HTTP POST when used as
an input option.
If set to 2 enables experimental mutli-client HTTP server. This is not yet implemented
in ffmpeg.c or ffserver.c and thus must not be used as a command line option.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"># Server side (sending):
ffmpeg -i somefile.ogg -c copy -listen 1 -f ogg http://<var>server</var>:<var>port</var>
# Client side (receiving):
ffmpeg -i http://<var>server</var>:<var>port</var> -c copy somefile.ogg
# Client can also be done with wget:
wget http://<var>server</var>:<var>port</var> -O somefile.ogg
# Server side (receiving):
ffmpeg -listen 1 -i http://<var>server</var>:<var>port</var> -c copy somefile.ogg
# Client side (sending):
ffmpeg -i somefile.ogg -chunked_post 0 -c copy -f ogg http://<var>server</var>:<var>port</var>
# Client can also be done with wget:
wget --post-file=somefile.ogg http://<var>server</var>:<var>port</var>
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="HTTP-Cookies"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">16.11.1 HTTP Cookies<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#HTTP-Cookies" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-HTTP-Cookies" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Some HTTP requests will be denied unless cookie values are passed in with the
request. The <samp>cookies</samp> option allows these cookies to be specified. At
the very least, each cookie must specify a value along with a path and domain.
HTTP requests that match both the domain and path will automatically include the
cookie value in the HTTP Cookie header field. Multiple cookies can be delimited
by a newline.
</p>
<p>The required syntax to play a stream specifying a cookie is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -cookies "nlqptid=nltid=tsn; path=/; domain=somedomain.com;" http://somedomain.com/somestream.m3u8
</pre></div>
<a name="Icecast"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.12 Icecast<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Icecast" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Icecast" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Icecast protocol (stream to Icecast servers)
</p>
<p>This protocol accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>ice_genre</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the stream genre.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ice_name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the stream name.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ice_description</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the stream description.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ice_url</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the stream website URL.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ice_public</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set if the stream should be public.
The default is 0 (not public).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>user_agent</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Override the User-Agent header. If not specified a string of the form
"Lavf/<version>" will be used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>password</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the Icecast mountpoint password.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>content_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the stream content type. This must be set if it is different from
audio/mpeg.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>legacy_icecast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This enables support for Icecast versions < 2.4.0, that do not support the
HTTP PUT method but the SOURCE method.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">icecast://[<var>username</var>[:<var>password</var>]@]<var>server</var>:<var>port</var>/<var>mountpoint</var>
</pre></div>
<a name="mmst"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.13 mmst<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mmst" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mmst" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>MMS (Microsoft Media Server) protocol over TCP.
</p>
<a name="mmsh"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.14 mmsh<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mmsh" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mmsh" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>MMS (Microsoft Media Server) protocol over HTTP.
</p>
<p>The required syntax is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">mmsh://<var>server</var>[:<var>port</var>][/<var>app</var>][/<var>playpath</var>]
</pre></div>
<a name="md5"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.15 md5<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#md5" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-md5" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>MD5 output protocol.
</p>
<p>Computes the MD5 hash of the data to be written, and on close writes
this to the designated output or stdout if none is specified. It can
be used to test muxers without writing an actual file.
</p>
<p>Some examples follow.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"># Write the MD5 hash of the encoded AVI file to the file output.avi.md5.
ffmpeg -i input.flv -f avi -y md5:output.avi.md5
# Write the MD5 hash of the encoded AVI file to stdout.
ffmpeg -i input.flv -f avi -y md5:
</pre></div>
<p>Note that some formats (typically MOV) require the output protocol to
be seekable, so they will fail with the MD5 output protocol.
</p>
<a name="pipe"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.16 pipe<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#pipe" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-pipe" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>UNIX pipe access protocol.
</p>
<p>Read and write from UNIX pipes.
</p>
<p>The accepted syntax is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">pipe:[<var>number</var>]
</pre></div>
<p><var>number</var> is the number corresponding to the file descriptor of the
pipe (e.g. 0 for stdin, 1 for stdout, 2 for stderr). If <var>number</var>
is not specified, by default the stdout file descriptor will be used
for writing, stdin for reading.
</p>
<p>For example to read from stdin with <code>ffmpeg</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">cat test.wav | ffmpeg -i pipe:0
# ...this is the same as...
cat test.wav | ffmpeg -i pipe:
</pre></div>
<p>For writing to stdout with <code>ffmpeg</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i test.wav -f avi pipe:1 | cat > test.avi
# ...this is the same as...
ffmpeg -i test.wav -f avi pipe: | cat > test.avi
</pre></div>
<p>This protocol accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>blocksize</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set I/O operation maximum block size, in bytes. Default value is
<code>INT_MAX</code>, which results in not limiting the requested block size.
Setting this value reasonably low improves user termination request reaction
time, which is valuable if data transmission is slow.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Note that some formats (typically MOV), require the output protocol to
be seekable, so they will fail with the pipe output protocol.
</p>
<a name="rtmp"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.17 rtmp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rtmp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rtmp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Real-Time Messaging Protocol.
</p>
<p>The Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) is used for streaming multimedia
content across a TCP/IP network.
</p>
<p>The required syntax is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">rtmp://[<var>username</var>:<var>password</var>@]<var>server</var>[:<var>port</var>][/<var>app</var>][/<var>instance</var>][/<var>playpath</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>The accepted parameters are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>username</samp></dt>
<dd><p>An optional username (mostly for publishing).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>password</samp></dt>
<dd><p>An optional password (mostly for publishing).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>server</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The address of the RTMP server.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>port</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of the TCP port to use (by default is 1935).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>app</samp></dt>
<dd><p>It is the name of the application to access. It usually corresponds to
the path where the application is installed on the RTMP server
(e.g. <samp>/ondemand/</samp>, <samp>/flash/live/</samp>, etc.). You can override
the value parsed from the URI through the <code>rtmp_app</code> option, too.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>playpath</samp></dt>
<dd><p>It is the path or name of the resource to play with reference to the
application specified in <var>app</var>, may be prefixed by "mp4:". You
can override the value parsed from the URI through the <code>rtmp_playpath</code>
option, too.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>listen</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Act as a server, listening for an incoming connection.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>timeout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Maximum time to wait for the incoming connection. Implies listen.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Additionally, the following parameters can be set via command line options
(or in code via <code>AVOption</code>s):
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>rtmp_app</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Name of application to connect on the RTMP server. This option
overrides the parameter specified in the URI.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_buffer</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the client buffer time in milliseconds. The default is 3000.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_conn</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Extra arbitrary AMF connection parameters, parsed from a string,
e.g. like <code>B:1 S:authMe O:1 NN:code:1.23 NS:flag:ok O:0</code>.
Each value is prefixed by a single character denoting the type,
B for Boolean, N for number, S for string, O for object, or Z for null,
followed by a colon. For Booleans the data must be either 0 or 1 for
FALSE or TRUE, respectively. Likewise for Objects the data must be 0 or
1 to end or begin an object, respectively. Data items in subobjects may
be named, by prefixing the type with ’N’ and specifying the name before
the value (i.e. <code>NB:myFlag:1</code>). This option may be used multiple
times to construct arbitrary AMF sequences.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_flashver</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Version of the Flash plugin used to run the SWF player. The default
is LNX 9,0,124,2. (When publishing, the default is FMLE/3.0 (compatible;
<libavformat version>).)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_flush_interval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Number of packets flushed in the same request (RTMPT only). The default
is 10.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_live</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify that the media is a live stream. No resuming or seeking in
live streams is possible. The default value is <code>any</code>, which means the
subscriber first tries to play the live stream specified in the
playpath. If a live stream of that name is not found, it plays the
recorded stream. The other possible values are <code>live</code> and
<code>recorded</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_pageurl</samp></dt>
<dd><p>URL of the web page in which the media was embedded. By default no
value will be sent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_playpath</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Stream identifier to play or to publish. This option overrides the
parameter specified in the URI.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_subscribe</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Name of live stream to subscribe to. By default no value will be sent.
It is only sent if the option is specified or if rtmp_live
is set to live.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_swfhash</samp></dt>
<dd><p>SHA256 hash of the decompressed SWF file (32 bytes).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_swfsize</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Size of the decompressed SWF file, required for SWFVerification.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_swfurl</samp></dt>
<dd><p>URL of the SWF player for the media. By default no value will be sent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_swfverify</samp></dt>
<dd><p>URL to player swf file, compute hash/size automatically.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtmp_tcurl</samp></dt>
<dd><p>URL of the target stream. Defaults to proto://host[:port]/app.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>For example to read with <code>ffplay</code> a multimedia resource named
"sample" from the application "vod" from an RTMP server "myserver":
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay rtmp://myserver/vod/sample
</pre></div>
<p>To publish to a password protected server, passing the playpath and
app names separately:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -re -i <input> -f flv -rtmp_playpath some/long/path -rtmp_app long/app/name rtmp://username:password@myserver/
</pre></div>
<a name="rtmpe"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.18 rtmpe<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rtmpe" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rtmpe" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol.
</p>
<p>The Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMPE) is used for
streaming multimedia content within standard cryptographic primitives,
consisting of Diffie-Hellman key exchange and HMACSHA256, generating
a pair of RC4 keys.
</p>
<a name="rtmps"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.19 rtmps<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rtmps" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rtmps" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Real-Time Messaging Protocol over a secure SSL connection.
</p>
<p>The Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMPS) is used for streaming
multimedia content across an encrypted connection.
</p>
<a name="rtmpt"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.20 rtmpt<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rtmpt" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rtmpt" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through HTTP.
</p>
<p>The Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through HTTP (RTMPT) is used
for streaming multimedia content within HTTP requests to traverse
firewalls.
</p>
<a name="rtmpte"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.21 rtmpte<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rtmpte" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rtmpte" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through HTTP.
</p>
<p>The Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through HTTP (RTMPTE)
is used for streaming multimedia content within HTTP requests to traverse
firewalls.
</p>
<a name="rtmpts"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.22 rtmpts<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rtmpts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rtmpts" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through HTTPS.
</p>
<p>The Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through HTTPS (RTMPTS) is used
for streaming multimedia content within HTTPS requests to traverse
firewalls.
</p>
<a name="libsmbclient"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.23 libsmbclient<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libsmbclient" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libsmbclient" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>libsmbclient permits one to manipulate CIFS/SMB network resources.
</p>
<p>Following syntax is required.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">smb://[[domain:]user[:password@]]server[/share[/path[/file]]]
</pre></div>
<p>This protocol accepts the following options.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>timeout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set timeout in miliseconds of socket I/O operations used by the underlying
low level operation. By default it is set to -1, which means that the timeout
is not specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>truncate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Truncate existing files on write, if set to 1. A value of 0 prevents
truncating. Default value is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>workgroup</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the workgroup used for making connections. By default workgroup is not specified.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>For more information see: <a href="http://www.samba.org/">http://www.samba.org/</a>.
</p>
<a name="libssh"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.24 libssh<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libssh" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libssh" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Secure File Transfer Protocol via libssh
</p>
<p>Read from or write to remote resources using SFTP protocol.
</p>
<p>Following syntax is required.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">sftp://[user[:password]@]server[:port]/path/to/remote/resource.mpeg
</pre></div>
<p>This protocol accepts the following options.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>timeout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set timeout of socket I/O operations used by the underlying low level
operation. By default it is set to -1, which means that the timeout
is not specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>truncate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Truncate existing files on write, if set to 1. A value of 0 prevents
truncating. Default value is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>private_key</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the path of the file containing private key to use during authorization.
By default libssh searches for keys in the <samp>~/.ssh/</samp> directory.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Example: Play a file stored on remote server.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay sftp://user:password@server_address:22/home/user/resource.mpeg
</pre></div>
<a name="librtmp-rtmp_002c-rtmpe_002c-rtmps_002c-rtmpt_002c-rtmpte"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.25 librtmp rtmp, rtmpe, rtmps, rtmpt, rtmpte<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#librtmp-rtmp_002c-rtmpe_002c-rtmps_002c-rtmpt_002c-rtmpte" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-librtmp-rtmp_002c-rtmpe_002c-rtmps_002c-rtmpt_002c-rtmpte" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Real-Time Messaging Protocol and its variants supported through
librtmp.
</p>
<p>Requires the presence of the librtmp headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
"–enable-librtmp". If enabled this will replace the native RTMP
protocol.
</p>
<p>This protocol provides most client functions and a few server
functions needed to support RTMP, RTMP tunneled in HTTP (RTMPT),
encrypted RTMP (RTMPE), RTMP over SSL/TLS (RTMPS) and tunneled
variants of these encrypted types (RTMPTE, RTMPTS).
</p>
<p>The required syntax is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>rtmp_proto</var>://<var>server</var>[:<var>port</var>][/<var>app</var>][/<var>playpath</var>] <var>options</var>
</pre></div>
<p>where <var>rtmp_proto</var> is one of the strings "rtmp", "rtmpt", "rtmpe",
"rtmps", "rtmpte", "rtmpts" corresponding to each RTMP variant, and
<var>server</var>, <var>port</var>, <var>app</var> and <var>playpath</var> have the same
meaning as specified for the RTMP native protocol.
<var>options</var> contains a list of space-separated options of the form
<var>key</var>=<var>val</var>.
</p>
<p>See the librtmp manual page (man 3 librtmp) for more information.
</p>
<p>For example, to stream a file in real-time to an RTMP server using
<code>ffmpeg</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -re -i myfile -f flv rtmp://myserver/live/mystream
</pre></div>
<p>To play the same stream using <code>ffplay</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay "rtmp://myserver/live/mystream live=1"
</pre></div>
<a name="rtp"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.26 rtp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rtp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rtp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Real-time Transport Protocol.
</p>
<p>The required syntax for an RTP URL is:
rtp://<var>hostname</var>[:<var>port</var>][?<var>option</var>=<var>val</var>...]
</p>
<p><var>port</var> specifies the RTP port to use.
</p>
<p>The following URL options are supported:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>ttl=<var>n</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the TTL (Time-To-Live) value (for multicast only).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtcpport=<var>n</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the remote RTCP port to <var>n</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>localrtpport=<var>n</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the local RTP port to <var>n</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>localrtcpport=<var>n</var>'</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the local RTCP port to <var>n</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pkt_size=<var>n</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set max packet size (in bytes) to <var>n</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>connect=0|1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Do a <code>connect()</code> on the UDP socket (if set to 1) or not (if set
to 0).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sources=<var>ip</var>[,<var>ip</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>List allowed source IP addresses.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>block=<var>ip</var>[,<var>ip</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>List disallowed (blocked) source IP addresses.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>write_to_source=0|1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Send packets to the source address of the latest received packet (if
set to 1) or to a default remote address (if set to 0).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>localport=<var>n</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the local RTP port to <var>n</var>.
</p>
<p>This is a deprecated option. Instead, <samp>localrtpport</samp> should be
used.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Important notes:
</p>
<ol>
<li> If <samp>rtcpport</samp> is not set the RTCP port will be set to the RTP
port value plus 1.
</li><li> If <samp>localrtpport</samp> (the local RTP port) is not set any available
port will be used for the local RTP and RTCP ports.
</li><li> If <samp>localrtcpport</samp> (the local RTCP port) is not set it will be
set to the local RTP port value plus 1.
</li></ol>
<a name="rtsp"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.27 rtsp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rtsp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rtsp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Real-Time Streaming Protocol.
</p>
<p>RTSP is not technically a protocol handler in libavformat, it is a demuxer
and muxer. The demuxer supports both normal RTSP (with data transferred
over RTP; this is used by e.g. Apple and Microsoft) and Real-RTSP (with
data transferred over RDT).
</p>
<p>The muxer can be used to send a stream using RTSP ANNOUNCE to a server
supporting it (currently Darwin Streaming Server and Mischa Spiegelmock’s
<a href="https://github.com/revmischa/rtsp-server">RTSP server</a>).
</p>
<p>The required syntax for a RTSP url is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">rtsp://<var>hostname</var>[:<var>port</var>]/<var>path</var>
</pre></div>
<p>Options can be set on the <code>ffmpeg</code>/<code>ffplay</code> command
line, or set in code via <code>AVOption</code>s or in
<code>avformat_open_input</code>.
</p>
<p>The following options are supported.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>initial_pause</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Do not start playing the stream immediately if set to 1. Default value
is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtsp_transport</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set RTSP transport protocols.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>udp</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use UDP as lower transport protocol.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>tcp</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use TCP (interleaving within the RTSP control channel) as lower
transport protocol.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>udp_multicast</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use UDP multicast as lower transport protocol.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>http</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use HTTP tunneling as lower transport protocol, which is useful for
passing proxies.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Multiple lower transport protocols may be specified, in that case they are
tried one at a time (if the setup of one fails, the next one is tried).
For the muxer, only the ‘<samp>tcp</samp>’ and ‘<samp>udp</samp>’ options are supported.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rtsp_flags</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set RTSP flags.
</p>
<p>The following values are accepted:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>filter_src</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Accept packets only from negotiated peer address and port.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>listen</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Act as a server, listening for an incoming connection.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>prefer_tcp</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Try TCP for RTP transport first, if TCP is available as RTSP RTP transport.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>none</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>allowed_media_types</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set media types to accept from the server.
</p>
<p>The following flags are accepted:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>video</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>audio</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>data</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>By default it accepts all media types.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>min_port</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set minimum local UDP port. Default value is 5000.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_port</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set maximum local UDP port. Default value is 65000.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>timeout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set maximum timeout (in seconds) to wait for incoming connections.
</p>
<p>A value of -1 means infinite (default). This option implies the
<samp>rtsp_flags</samp> set to ‘<samp>listen</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>reorder_queue_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of packets to buffer for handling of reordered packets.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stimeout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set socket TCP I/O timeout in microseconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>user-agent</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Override User-Agent header. If not specified, it defaults to the
libavformat identifier string.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>When receiving data over UDP, the demuxer tries to reorder received packets
(since they may arrive out of order, or packets may get lost totally). This
can be disabled by setting the maximum demuxing delay to zero (via
the <code>max_delay</code> field of AVFormatContext).
</p>
<p>When watching multi-bitrate Real-RTSP streams with <code>ffplay</code>, the
streams to display can be chosen with <code>-vst</code> <var>n</var> and
<code>-ast</code> <var>n</var> for video and audio respectively, and can be switched
on the fly by pressing <code>v</code> and <code>a</code>.
</p>
<a name="Examples-3"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">16.27.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-3" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-3" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The following examples all make use of the <code>ffplay</code> and
<code>ffmpeg</code> tools.
</p>
<ul>
<li> Watch a stream over UDP, with a max reordering delay of 0.5 seconds:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -max_delay 500000 -rtsp_transport udp rtsp://server/video.mp4
</pre></div>
</li><li> Watch a stream tunneled over HTTP:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -rtsp_transport http rtsp://server/video.mp4
</pre></div>
</li><li> Send a stream in realtime to a RTSP server, for others to watch:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -re -i <var>input</var> -f rtsp -muxdelay 0.1 rtsp://server/live.sdp
</pre></div>
</li><li> Receive a stream in realtime:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -rtsp_flags listen -i rtsp://ownaddress/live.sdp <var>output</var>
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="sap"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.28 sap<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#sap" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-sap" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Session Announcement Protocol (RFC 2974). This is not technically a
protocol handler in libavformat, it is a muxer and demuxer.
It is used for signalling of RTP streams, by announcing the SDP for the
streams regularly on a separate port.
</p>
<a name="Muxer"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">16.28.1 Muxer<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Muxer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Muxer" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The syntax for a SAP url given to the muxer is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">sap://<var>destination</var>[:<var>port</var>][?<var>options</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>The RTP packets are sent to <var>destination</var> on port <var>port</var>,
or to port 5004 if no port is specified.
<var>options</var> is a <code>&</code>-separated list. The following options
are supported:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>announce_addr=<var>address</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the destination IP address for sending the announcements to.
If omitted, the announcements are sent to the commonly used SAP
announcement multicast address 224.2.127.254 (sap.mcast.net), or
ff0e::2:7ffe if <var>destination</var> is an IPv6 address.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>announce_port=<var>port</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the port to send the announcements on, defaults to
9875 if not specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ttl=<var>ttl</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the time to live value for the announcements and RTP packets,
defaults to 255.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>same_port=<var>0|1</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, send all RTP streams on the same port pair. If zero (the
default), all streams are sent on unique ports, with each stream on a
port 2 numbers higher than the previous.
VLC/Live555 requires this to be set to 1, to be able to receive the stream.
The RTP stack in libavformat for receiving requires all streams to be sent
on unique ports.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Example command lines follow.
</p>
<p>To broadcast a stream on the local subnet, for watching in VLC:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -re -i <var>input</var> -f sap sap://224.0.0.255?same_port=1
</pre></div>
<p>Similarly, for watching in <code>ffplay</code>:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -re -i <var>input</var> -f sap sap://224.0.0.255
</pre></div>
<p>And for watching in <code>ffplay</code>, over IPv6:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -re -i <var>input</var> -f sap sap://[ff0e::1:2:3:4]
</pre></div>
<a name="Demuxer"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">16.28.2 Demuxer<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Demuxer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Demuxer" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The syntax for a SAP url given to the demuxer is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">sap://[<var>address</var>][:<var>port</var>]
</pre></div>
<p><var>address</var> is the multicast address to listen for announcements on,
if omitted, the default 224.2.127.254 (sap.mcast.net) is used. <var>port</var>
is the port that is listened on, 9875 if omitted.
</p>
<p>The demuxers listens for announcements on the given address and port.
Once an announcement is received, it tries to receive that particular stream.
</p>
<p>Example command lines follow.
</p>
<p>To play back the first stream announced on the normal SAP multicast address:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay sap://
</pre></div>
<p>To play back the first stream announced on one the default IPv6 SAP multicast address:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay sap://[ff0e::2:7ffe]
</pre></div>
<a name="sctp"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.29 sctp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#sctp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-sctp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Stream Control Transmission Protocol.
</p>
<p>The accepted URL syntax is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">sctp://<var>host</var>:<var>port</var>[?<var>options</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>The protocol accepts the following options:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>listen</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to any value, listen for an incoming connection. Outgoing connection is done by default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_streams</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum number of streams. By default no limit is set.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="srtp"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.30 srtp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#srtp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-srtp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Secure Real-time Transport Protocol.
</p>
<p>The accepted options are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>srtp_in_suite</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>srtp_out_suite</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select input and output encoding suites.
</p>
<p>Supported values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>AES_CM_128_HMAC_SHA1_80</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>SRTP_AES128_CM_HMAC_SHA1_80</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>AES_CM_128_HMAC_SHA1_32</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>SRTP_AES128_CM_HMAC_SHA1_32</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>srtp_in_params</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>srtp_out_params</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set input and output encoding parameters, which are expressed by a
base64-encoded representation of a binary block. The first 16 bytes of
this binary block are used as master key, the following 14 bytes are
used as master salt.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="subfile"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.31 subfile<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#subfile" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-subfile" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Virtually extract a segment of a file or another stream.
The underlying stream must be seekable.
</p>
<p>Accepted options:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>start</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Start offset of the extracted segment, in bytes.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>end</samp></dt>
<dd><p>End offset of the extracted segment, in bytes.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Examples:
</p>
<p>Extract a chapter from a DVD VOB file (start and end sectors obtained
externally and multiplied by 2048):
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">subfile,,start,153391104,end,268142592,,:/media/dvd/VIDEO_TS/VTS_08_1.VOB
</pre></div>
<p>Play an AVI file directly from a TAR archive:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">subfile,,start,183241728,end,366490624,,:archive.tar
</pre></div>
<a name="tcp"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.32 tcp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#tcp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-tcp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Transmission Control Protocol.
</p>
<p>The required syntax for a TCP url is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">tcp://<var>hostname</var>:<var>port</var>[?<var>options</var>]
</pre></div>
<p><var>options</var> contains a list of &-separated options of the form
<var>key</var>=<var>val</var>.
</p>
<p>The list of supported options follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>listen=<var>1|0</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Listen for an incoming connection. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>timeout=<var>microseconds</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set raise error timeout, expressed in microseconds.
</p>
<p>This option is only relevant in read mode: if no data arrived in more
than this time interval, raise error.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>listen_timeout=<var>milliseconds</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set listen timeout, expressed in milliseconds.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The following example shows how to setup a listening TCP connection
with <code>ffmpeg</code>, which is then accessed with <code>ffplay</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i <var>input</var> -f <var>format</var> tcp://<var>hostname</var>:<var>port</var>?listen
ffplay tcp://<var>hostname</var>:<var>port</var>
</pre></div>
<a name="tls"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.33 tls<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#tls" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-tls" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Transport Layer Security (TLS) / Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
</p>
<p>The required syntax for a TLS/SSL url is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">tls://<var>hostname</var>:<var>port</var>[?<var>options</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>The following parameters can be set via command line options
(or in code via <code>AVOption</code>s):
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>ca_file, cafile=<var>filename</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>A file containing certificate authority (CA) root certificates to treat
as trusted. If the linked TLS library contains a default this might not
need to be specified for verification to work, but not all libraries and
setups have defaults built in.
The file must be in OpenSSL PEM format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tls_verify=<var>1|0</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>If enabled, try to verify the peer that we are communicating with.
Note, if using OpenSSL, this currently only makes sure that the
peer certificate is signed by one of the root certificates in the CA
database, but it does not validate that the certificate actually
matches the host name we are trying to connect to. (With GnuTLS,
the host name is validated as well.)
</p>
<p>This is disabled by default since it requires a CA database to be
provided by the caller in many cases.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cert_file, cert=<var>filename</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>A file containing a certificate to use in the handshake with the peer.
(When operating as server, in listen mode, this is more often required
by the peer, while client certificates only are mandated in certain
setups.)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>key_file, key=<var>filename</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>A file containing the private key for the certificate.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>listen=<var>1|0</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>If enabled, listen for connections on the provided port, and assume
the server role in the handshake instead of the client role.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Example command lines:
</p>
<p>To create a TLS/SSL server that serves an input stream.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i <var>input</var> -f <var>format</var> tls://<var>hostname</var>:<var>port</var>?listen&cert=<var>server.crt</var>&key=<var>server.key</var>
</pre></div>
<p>To play back a stream from the TLS/SSL server using <code>ffplay</code>:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay tls://<var>hostname</var>:<var>port</var>
</pre></div>
<a name="udp"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.34 udp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#udp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-udp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>User Datagram Protocol.
</p>
<p>The required syntax for an UDP URL is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">udp://<var>hostname</var>:<var>port</var>[?<var>options</var>]
</pre></div>
<p><var>options</var> contains a list of &-separated options of the form <var>key</var>=<var>val</var>.
</p>
<p>In case threading is enabled on the system, a circular buffer is used
to store the incoming data, which allows one to reduce loss of data due to
UDP socket buffer overruns. The <var>fifo_size</var> and
<var>overrun_nonfatal</var> options are related to this buffer.
</p>
<p>The list of supported options follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>buffer_size=<var>size</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the UDP maximum socket buffer size in bytes. This is used to set either
the receive or send buffer size, depending on what the socket is used for.
Default is 64KB. See also <var>fifo_size</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>localport=<var>port</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Override the local UDP port to bind with.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>localaddr=<var>addr</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Choose the local IP address. This is useful e.g. if sending multicast
and the host has multiple interfaces, where the user can choose
which interface to send on by specifying the IP address of that interface.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pkt_size=<var>size</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the size in bytes of UDP packets.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>reuse=<var>1|0</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Explicitly allow or disallow reusing UDP sockets.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ttl=<var>ttl</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the time to live value (for multicast only).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>connect=<var>1|0</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Initialize the UDP socket with <code>connect()</code>. In this case, the
destination address can’t be changed with ff_udp_set_remote_url later.
If the destination address isn’t known at the start, this option can
be specified in ff_udp_set_remote_url, too.
This allows finding out the source address for the packets with getsockname,
and makes writes return with AVERROR(ECONNREFUSED) if "destination
unreachable" is received.
For receiving, this gives the benefit of only receiving packets from
the specified peer address/port.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sources=<var>address</var>[,<var>address</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Only receive packets sent to the multicast group from one of the
specified sender IP addresses.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>block=<var>address</var>[,<var>address</var>]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Ignore packets sent to the multicast group from the specified
sender IP addresses.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fifo_size=<var>units</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the UDP receiving circular buffer size, expressed as a number of
packets with size of 188 bytes. If not specified defaults to 7*4096.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>overrun_nonfatal=<var>1|0</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Survive in case of UDP receiving circular buffer overrun. Default
value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>timeout=<var>microseconds</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set raise error timeout, expressed in microseconds.
</p>
<p>This option is only relevant in read mode: if no data arrived in more
than this time interval, raise error.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>broadcast=<var>1|0</var></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Explicitly allow or disallow UDP broadcasting.
</p>
<p>Note that broadcasting may not work properly on networks having
a broadcast storm protection.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-4"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">16.34.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-4" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-4" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Use <code>ffmpeg</code> to stream over UDP to a remote endpoint:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i <var>input</var> -f <var>format</var> udp://<var>hostname</var>:<var>port</var>
</pre></div>
</li><li> Use <code>ffmpeg</code> to stream in mpegts format over UDP using 188
sized UDP packets, using a large input buffer:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i <var>input</var> -f mpegts udp://<var>hostname</var>:<var>port</var>?pkt_size=188&buffer_size=65535
</pre></div>
</li><li> Use <code>ffmpeg</code> to receive over UDP from a remote endpoint:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i udp://[<var>multicast-address</var>]:<var>port</var> ...
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="unix"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.35 unix<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#unix" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-unix" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Unix local socket
</p>
<p>The required syntax for a Unix socket URL is:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">unix://<var>filepath</var>
</pre></div>
<p>The following parameters can be set via command line options
(or in code via <code>AVOption</code>s):
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>timeout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Timeout in ms.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>listen</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Create the Unix socket in listening mode.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Device-Options"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">17 Device Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Device-Options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Device-Options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>The libavdevice library provides the same interface as
libavformat. Namely, an input device is considered like a demuxer, and
an output device like a muxer, and the interface and generic device
options are the same provided by libavformat (see the ffmpeg-formats
manual).
</p>
<p>In addition each input or output device may support so-called private
options, which are specific for that component.
</p>
<p>Options may be set by specifying -<var>option</var> <var>value</var> in the
FFmpeg tools, or by setting the value explicitly in the device
<code>AVFormatContext</code> options or using the <samp>libavutil/opt.h</samp> API
for programmatic use.
</p>
<a name="Input-Devices"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">18 Input Devices<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Input-Devices" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Input-Devices" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Input devices are configured elements in FFmpeg which enable accessing
the data coming from a multimedia device attached to your system.
</p>
<p>When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported input devices
are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the
configure option "–list-indevs".
</p>
<p>You can disable all the input devices using the configure option
"–disable-indevs", and selectively enable an input device using the
option "–enable-indev=<var>INDEV</var>", or you can disable a particular
input device using the option "–disable-indev=<var>INDEV</var>".
</p>
<p>The option "-devices" of the ff* tools will display the list of
supported input devices.
</p>
<p>A description of the currently available input devices follows.
</p>
<a name="alsa"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.1 alsa<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#alsa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-alsa" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) input device.
</p>
<p>To enable this input device during configuration you need libasound
installed on your system.
</p>
<p>This device allows capturing from an ALSA device. The name of the
device to capture has to be an ALSA card identifier.
</p>
<p>An ALSA identifier has the syntax:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">hw:<var>CARD</var>[,<var>DEV</var>[,<var>SUBDEV</var>]]
</pre></div>
<p>where the <var>DEV</var> and <var>SUBDEV</var> components are optional.
</p>
<p>The three arguments (in order: <var>CARD</var>,<var>DEV</var>,<var>SUBDEV</var>)
specify card number or identifier, device number and subdevice number
(-1 means any).
</p>
<p>To see the list of cards currently recognized by your system check the
files <samp>/proc/asound/cards</samp> and <samp>/proc/asound/devices</samp>.
</p>
<p>For example to capture with <code>ffmpeg</code> from an ALSA device with
card id 0, you may run the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f alsa -i hw:0 alsaout.wav
</pre></div>
<p>For more information see:
<a href="http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm.html">http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm.html</a>
</p>
<a name="Options-7"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.1.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-7" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-7" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the sample rate in Hz. Default is 48000.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of channels. Default is 2.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="avfoundation"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.2 avfoundation<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#avfoundation" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-avfoundation" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>AVFoundation input device.
</p>
<p>AVFoundation is the currently recommended framework by Apple for streamgrabbing on OSX >= 10.7 as well as on iOS.
The older QTKit framework has been marked deprecated since OSX version 10.7.
</p>
<p>The input filename has to be given in the following syntax:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">-i "[[VIDEO]:[AUDIO]]"
</pre></div>
<p>The first entry selects the video input while the latter selects the audio input.
The stream has to be specified by the device name or the device index as shown by the device list.
Alternatively, the video and/or audio input device can be chosen by index using the
<samp>
-video_device_index <INDEX>
</samp>
and/or
<samp>
-audio_device_index <INDEX>
</samp>
, overriding any
device name or index given in the input filename.
</p>
<p>All available devices can be enumerated by using <samp>-list_devices true</samp>, listing
all device names and corresponding indices.
</p>
<p>There are two device name aliases:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>default</code></dt>
<dd><p>Select the AVFoundation default device of the corresponding type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>none</code></dt>
<dd><p>Do not record the corresponding media type.
This is equivalent to specifying an empty device name or index.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Options-8"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.2.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-8" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-8" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>AVFoundation supports the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>-list_devices <TRUE|FALSE></samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to true, a list of all available input devices is given showing all
device names and indices.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-video_device_index <INDEX></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the video device by its index. Overrides anything given in the input filename.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-audio_device_index <INDEX></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the audio device by its index. Overrides anything given in the input filename.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-pixel_format <FORMAT></samp></dt>
<dd><p>Request the video device to use a specific pixel format.
If the specified format is not supported, a list of available formats is given
und the first one in this list is used instead. Available pixel formats are:
<code>monob, rgb555be, rgb555le, rgb565be, rgb565le, rgb24, bgr24, 0rgb, bgr0, 0bgr, rgb0,
bgr48be, uyvy422, yuva444p, yuva444p16le, yuv444p, yuv422p16, yuv422p10, yuv444p10,
yuv420p, nv12, yuyv422, gray</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the grabbing frame rate. Default is <code>ntsc</code>, corresponding to a
frame rate of <code>30000/1001</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video frame size.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-capture_cursor</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Capture the mouse pointer. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>-capture_mouse_clicks</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Capture the screen mouse clicks. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-5"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.2.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-5" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-5" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Print the list of AVFoundation supported devices and exit:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f avfoundation -list_devices true -i ""
</pre></div>
</li><li> Record video from video device 0 and audio from audio device 0 into out.avi:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f avfoundation -i "0:0" out.avi
</pre></div>
</li><li> Record video from video device 2 and audio from audio device 1 into out.avi:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f avfoundation -video_device_index 2 -i ":1" out.avi
</pre></div>
</li><li> Record video from the system default video device using the pixel format bgr0 and do not record any audio into out.avi:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f avfoundation -pixel_format bgr0 -i "default:none" out.avi
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="bktr"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.3 bktr<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#bktr" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-bktr" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>BSD video input device.
</p>
<a name="Options-9"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.3.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-9" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-9" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frame rate.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video frame size. Default is <code>vga</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>standard</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>pal</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>ntsc</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>secam</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>paln</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>palm</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>ntscj</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="decklink"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.4 decklink<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#decklink" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-decklink" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The decklink input device provides capture capabilities for Blackmagic
DeckLink devices.
</p>
<p>To enable this input device, you need the Blackmagic DeckLink SDK and you
need to configure with the appropriate <code>--extra-cflags</code>
and <code>--extra-ldflags</code>.
On Windows, you need to run the IDL files through <code>widl</code>.
</p>
<p>DeckLink is very picky about the formats it supports. Pixel format is
uyvy422 or v210, framerate and video size must be determined for your device with
<code>-list_formats 1</code>. Audio sample rate is always 48 kHz and the number
of channels can be 2, 8 or 16.
</p>
<a name="Options-10"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.4.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-10" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-10" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>list_devices</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, print a list of devices and exit.
Defaults to <samp>false</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>list_formats</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, print a list of supported formats and exit.
Defaults to <samp>false</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bm_v210</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to ‘<samp>1</samp>’, video is captured in 10 bit v210 instead
of uyvy422. Not all Blackmagic devices support this option.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-6"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.4.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-6" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-6" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> List input devices:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f decklink -list_devices 1 -i dummy
</pre></div>
</li><li> List supported formats:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f decklink -list_formats 1 -i 'Intensity Pro'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Capture video clip at 1080i50 (format 11):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f decklink -i 'Intensity Pro@11' -acodec copy -vcodec copy output.avi
</pre></div>
</li><li> Capture video clip at 1080i50 10 bit:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -bm_v210 1 -f decklink -i 'UltraStudio Mini Recorder@11' -acodec copy -vcodec copy output.avi
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="dshow"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.5 dshow<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dshow" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dshow" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Windows DirectShow input device.
</p>
<p>DirectShow support is enabled when FFmpeg is built with the mingw-w64 project.
Currently only audio and video devices are supported.
</p>
<p>Multiple devices may be opened as separate inputs, but they may also be
opened on the same input, which should improve synchronism between them.
</p>
<p>The input name should be in the format:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>TYPE</var>=<var>NAME</var>[:<var>TYPE</var>=<var>NAME</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>where <var>TYPE</var> can be either <var>audio</var> or <var>video</var>,
and <var>NAME</var> is the device’s name or alternative name..
</p>
<a name="Options-11"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.5.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-11" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-11" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>If no options are specified, the device’s defaults are used.
If the device does not support the requested options, it will
fail to open.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video size in the captured video.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frame rate in the captured video.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the sample rate (in Hz) of the captured audio.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the sample size (in bits) of the captured audio.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of channels in the captured audio.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>list_devices</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, print a list of devices and exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>list_options</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, print a list of selected device’s options
and exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_device_number</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set video device number for devices with the same name (starts at 0,
defaults to 0).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>audio_device_number</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set audio device number for devices with the same name (starts at 0,
defaults to 0).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pixel_format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select pixel format to be used by DirectShow. This may only be set when
the video codec is not set or set to rawvideo.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>audio_buffer_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set audio device buffer size in milliseconds (which can directly
impact latency, depending on the device).
Defaults to using the audio device’s
default buffer size (typically some multiple of 500ms).
Setting this value too low can degrade performance.
See also
<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd377582(v=vs.85).aspx">http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd377582(v=vs.85).aspx</a>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_pin_name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select video capture pin to use by name or alternative name.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>audio_pin_name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select audio capture pin to use by name or alternative name.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>crossbar_video_input_pin_number</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select video input pin number for crossbar device. This will be
routed to the crossbar device’s Video Decoder output pin.
Note that changing this value can affect future invocations
(sets a new default) until system reboot occurs.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>crossbar_audio_input_pin_number</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select audio input pin number for crossbar device. This will be
routed to the crossbar device’s Audio Decoder output pin.
Note that changing this value can affect future invocations
(sets a new default) until system reboot occurs.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show_video_device_dialog</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, before capture starts, popup a display dialog
to the end user, allowing them to change video filter properties
and configurations manually.
Note that for crossbar devices, adjusting values in this dialog
may be needed at times to toggle between PAL (25 fps) and NTSC (29.97)
input frame rates, sizes, interlacing, etc. Changing these values can
enable different scan rates/frame rates and avoiding green bars at
the bottom, flickering scan lines, etc.
Note that with some devices, changing these properties can also affect future
invocations (sets new defaults) until system reboot occurs.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show_audio_device_dialog</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, before capture starts, popup a display dialog
to the end user, allowing them to change audio filter properties
and configurations manually.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show_video_crossbar_connection_dialog</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, before capture starts, popup a display
dialog to the end user, allowing them to manually
modify crossbar pin routings, when it opens a video device.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show_audio_crossbar_connection_dialog</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, before capture starts, popup a display
dialog to the end user, allowing them to manually
modify crossbar pin routings, when it opens an audio device.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show_analog_tv_tuner_dialog</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, before capture starts, popup a display
dialog to the end user, allowing them to manually
modify TV channels and frequencies.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show_analog_tv_tuner_audio_dialog</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, before capture starts, popup a display
dialog to the end user, allowing them to manually
modify TV audio (like mono vs. stereo, Language A,B or C).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>audio_device_load</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Load an audio capture filter device from file instead of searching
it by name. It may load additional parameters too, if the filter
supports the serialization of its properties to.
To use this an audio capture source has to be specified, but it can
be anything even fake one.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>audio_device_save</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Save the currently used audio capture filter device and its
parameters (if the filter supports it) to a file.
If a file with the same name exists it will be overwritten.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_device_load</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Load a video capture filter device from file instead of searching
it by name. It may load additional parameters too, if the filter
supports the serialization of its properties to.
To use this a video capture source has to be specified, but it can
be anything even fake one.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_device_save</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Save the currently used video capture filter device and its
parameters (if the filter supports it) to a file.
If a file with the same name exists it will be overwritten.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-7"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.5.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-7" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-7" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Print the list of DirectShow supported devices and exit:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -list_devices true -f dshow -i dummy
</pre></div>
</li><li> Open video device <var>Camera</var>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f dshow -i video="Camera"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Open second video device with name <var>Camera</var>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f dshow -video_device_number 1 -i video="Camera"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Open video device <var>Camera</var> and audio device <var>Microphone</var>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f dshow -i video="Camera":audio="Microphone"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Print the list of supported options in selected device and exit:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -list_options true -f dshow -i video="Camera"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Specify pin names to capture by name or alternative name, specify alternative device name:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f dshow -audio_pin_name "Audio Out" -video_pin_name 2 -i video=video="@device_pnp_\\?\pci#ven_1a0a&dev_6200&subsys_62021461&rev_01#4&e2c7dd6&0&00e1#{65e8773d-8f56-11d0-a3b9-00a0c9223196}\{ca465100-deb0-4d59-818f-8c477184adf6}":audio="Microphone"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Configure a crossbar device, specifying crossbar pins, allow user to adjust video capture properties at startup:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f dshow -show_video_device_dialog true -crossbar_video_input_pin_number 0
-crossbar_audio_input_pin_number 3 -i video="AVerMedia BDA Analog Capture":audio="AVerMedia BDA Analog Capture"
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="dv1394"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.6 dv1394<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dv1394" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dv1394" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Linux DV 1394 input device.
</p>
<a name="Options-12"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.6.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-12" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-12" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frame rate. Default is 25.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>standard</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>pal</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>ntsc</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>ntsc</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="fbdev"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.7 fbdev<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#fbdev" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-fbdev" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Linux framebuffer input device.
</p>
<p>The Linux framebuffer is a graphic hardware-independent abstraction
layer to show graphics on a computer monitor, typically on the
console. It is accessed through a file device node, usually
<samp>/dev/fb0</samp>.
</p>
<p>For more detailed information read the file
Documentation/fb/framebuffer.txt included in the Linux source tree.
</p>
<p>See also <a href="http://linux-fbdev.sourceforge.net/">http://linux-fbdev.sourceforge.net/</a>, and fbset(1).
</p>
<p>To record from the framebuffer device <samp>/dev/fb0</samp> with
<code>ffmpeg</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f fbdev -framerate 10 -i /dev/fb0 out.avi
</pre></div>
<p>You can take a single screenshot image with the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f fbdev -framerate 1 -i /dev/fb0 -frames:v 1 screenshot.jpeg
</pre></div>
<a name="Options-13"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.7.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-13" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-13" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frame rate. Default is 25.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="gdigrab"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.8 gdigrab<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#gdigrab" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-gdigrab" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Win32 GDI-based screen capture device.
</p>
<p>This device allows you to capture a region of the display on Windows.
</p>
<p>There are two options for the input filename:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">desktop
</pre></div>
<p>or
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">title=<var>window_title</var>
</pre></div>
<p>The first option will capture the entire desktop, or a fixed region of the
desktop. The second option will instead capture the contents of a single
window, regardless of its position on the screen.
</p>
<p>For example, to grab the entire desktop using <code>ffmpeg</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f gdigrab -framerate 6 -i desktop out.mpg
</pre></div>
<p>Grab a 640x480 region at position <code>10,20</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f gdigrab -framerate 6 -offset_x 10 -offset_y 20 -video_size vga -i desktop out.mpg
</pre></div>
<p>Grab the contents of the window named "Calculator"
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f gdigrab -framerate 6 -i title=Calculator out.mpg
</pre></div>
<a name="Options-14"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.8.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-14" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-14" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>draw_mouse</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify whether to draw the mouse pointer. Use the value <code>0</code> to
not draw the pointer. Default value is <code>1</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the grabbing frame rate. Default value is <code>ntsc</code>,
corresponding to a frame rate of <code>30000/1001</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show_region</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show grabbed region on screen.
</p>
<p>If <var>show_region</var> is specified with <code>1</code>, then the grabbing
region will be indicated on screen. With this option, it is easy to
know what is being grabbed if only a portion of the screen is grabbed.
</p>
<p>Note that <var>show_region</var> is incompatible with grabbing the contents
of a single window.
</p>
<p>For example:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f gdigrab -show_region 1 -framerate 6 -video_size cif -offset_x 10 -offset_y 20 -i desktop out.mpg
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video frame size. The default is to capture the full screen if <samp>desktop</samp> is selected, or the full window size if <samp>title=<var>window_title</var></samp> is selected.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>offset_x</samp></dt>
<dd><p>When capturing a region with <var>video_size</var>, set the distance from the left edge of the screen or desktop.
</p>
<p>Note that the offset calculation is from the top left corner of the primary monitor on Windows. If you have a monitor positioned to the left of your primary monitor, you will need to use a negative <var>offset_x</var> value to move the region to that monitor.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>offset_y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>When capturing a region with <var>video_size</var>, set the distance from the top edge of the screen or desktop.
</p>
<p>Note that the offset calculation is from the top left corner of the primary monitor on Windows. If you have a monitor positioned above your primary monitor, you will need to use a negative <var>offset_y</var> value to move the region to that monitor.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="iec61883"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.9 iec61883<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#iec61883" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-iec61883" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>FireWire DV/HDV input device using libiec61883.
</p>
<p>To enable this input device, you need libiec61883, libraw1394 and
libavc1394 installed on your system. Use the configure option
<code>--enable-libiec61883</code> to compile with the device enabled.
</p>
<p>The iec61883 capture device supports capturing from a video device
connected via IEEE1394 (FireWire), using libiec61883 and the new Linux
FireWire stack (juju). This is the default DV/HDV input method in Linux
Kernel 2.6.37 and later, since the old FireWire stack was removed.
</p>
<p>Specify the FireWire port to be used as input file, or "auto"
to choose the first port connected.
</p>
<a name="Options-15"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.9.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-15" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-15" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>dvtype</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Override autodetection of DV/HDV. This should only be used if auto
detection does not work, or if usage of a different device type
should be prohibited. Treating a DV device as HDV (or vice versa) will
not work and result in undefined behavior.
The values <samp>auto</samp>, <samp>dv</samp> and <samp>hdv</samp> are supported.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dvbuffer</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set maximum size of buffer for incoming data, in frames. For DV, this
is an exact value. For HDV, it is not frame exact, since HDV does
not have a fixed frame size.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dvguid</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the capture device by specifying it’s GUID. Capturing will only
be performed from the specified device and fails if no device with the
given GUID is found. This is useful to select the input if multiple
devices are connected at the same time.
Look at /sys/bus/firewire/devices to find out the GUIDs.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-8"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.9.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-8" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-8" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Grab and show the input of a FireWire DV/HDV device.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f iec61883 -i auto
</pre></div>
</li><li> Grab and record the input of a FireWire DV/HDV device,
using a packet buffer of 100000 packets if the source is HDV.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f iec61883 -i auto -hdvbuffer 100000 out.mpg
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="jack"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.10 jack<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#jack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-jack" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>JACK input device.
</p>
<p>To enable this input device during configuration you need libjack
installed on your system.
</p>
<p>A JACK input device creates one or more JACK writable clients, one for
each audio channel, with name <var>client_name</var>:input_<var>N</var>, where
<var>client_name</var> is the name provided by the application, and <var>N</var>
is a number which identifies the channel.
Each writable client will send the acquired data to the FFmpeg input
device.
</p>
<p>Once you have created one or more JACK readable clients, you need to
connect them to one or more JACK writable clients.
</p>
<p>To connect or disconnect JACK clients you can use the <code>jack_connect</code>
and <code>jack_disconnect</code> programs, or do it through a graphical interface,
for example with <code>qjackctl</code>.
</p>
<p>To list the JACK clients and their properties you can invoke the command
<code>jack_lsp</code>.
</p>
<p>Follows an example which shows how to capture a JACK readable client
with <code>ffmpeg</code>.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"># Create a JACK writable client with name "ffmpeg".
$ ffmpeg -f jack -i ffmpeg -y out.wav
# Start the sample jack_metro readable client.
$ jack_metro -b 120 -d 0.2 -f 4000
# List the current JACK clients.
$ jack_lsp -c
system:capture_1
system:capture_2
system:playback_1
system:playback_2
ffmpeg:input_1
metro:120_bpm
# Connect metro to the ffmpeg writable client.
$ jack_connect metro:120_bpm ffmpeg:input_1
</pre></div>
<p>For more information read:
<a href="http://jackaudio.org/">http://jackaudio.org/</a>
</p>
<a name="Options-16"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.10.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-16" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-16" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of channels. Default is 2.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="lavfi"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.11 lavfi<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#lavfi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-lavfi" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Libavfilter input virtual device.
</p>
<p>This input device reads data from the open output pads of a libavfilter
filtergraph.
</p>
<p>For each filtergraph open output, the input device will create a
corresponding stream which is mapped to the generated output. Currently
only video data is supported. The filtergraph is specified through the
option <samp>graph</samp>.
</p>
<a name="Options-17"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.11.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-17" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-17" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>graph</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the filtergraph to use as input. Each video open output must be
labelled by a unique string of the form "out<var>N</var>", where <var>N</var> is a
number starting from 0 corresponding to the mapped input stream
generated by the device.
The first unlabelled output is automatically assigned to the "out0"
label, but all the others need to be specified explicitly.
</p>
<p>The suffix "+subcc" can be appended to the output label to create an extra
stream with the closed captions packets attached to that output
(experimental; only for EIA-608 / CEA-708 for now).
The subcc streams are created after all the normal streams, in the order of
the corresponding stream.
For example, if there is "out19+subcc", "out7+subcc" and up to "out42", the
stream #43 is subcc for stream #7 and stream #44 is subcc for stream #19.
</p>
<p>If not specified defaults to the filename specified for the input
device.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>graph_file</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filename of the filtergraph to be read and sent to the other
filters. Syntax of the filtergraph is the same as the one specified by
the option <var>graph</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dumpgraph</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Dump graph to stderr.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-9"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.11.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-9" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-9" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Create a color video stream and play it back with <code>ffplay</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi -graph "color=c=pink [out0]" dummy
</pre></div>
</li><li> As the previous example, but use filename for specifying the graph
description, and omit the "out0" label:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi color=c=pink
</pre></div>
</li><li> Create three different video test filtered sources and play them:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi -graph "testsrc [out0]; testsrc,hflip [out1]; testsrc,negate [out2]" test3
</pre></div>
</li><li> Read an audio stream from a file using the amovie source and play it
back with <code>ffplay</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi "amovie=test.wav"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Read an audio stream and a video stream and play it back with
<code>ffplay</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi "movie=test.avi[out0];amovie=test.wav[out1]"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Dump decoded frames to images and closed captions to a file (experimental):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "movie=test.ts[out0+subcc]" -map v frame%08d.png -map s -c copy -f rawvideo subcc.bin
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="libcdio"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.12 libcdio<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libcdio" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libcdio" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Audio-CD input device based on libcdio.
</p>
<p>To enable this input device during configuration you need libcdio
installed on your system. It requires the configure option
<code>--enable-libcdio</code>.
</p>
<p>This device allows playing and grabbing from an Audio-CD.
</p>
<p>For example to copy with <code>ffmpeg</code> the entire Audio-CD in <samp>/dev/sr0</samp>,
you may run the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f libcdio -i /dev/sr0 cd.wav
</pre></div>
<a name="Options-18"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.12.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-18" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-18" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>speed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set drive reading speed. Default value is 0.
</p>
<p>The speed is specified CD-ROM speed units. The speed is set through
the libcdio <code>cdio_cddap_speed_set</code> function. On many CD-ROM
drives, specifying a value too large will result in using the fastest
speed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>paranoia_mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set paranoia recovery mode flags. It accepts one of the following values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>disable</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>verify</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>overlap</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>neverskip</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>full</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>disable</samp>’.
</p>
<p>For more information about the available recovery modes, consult the
paranoia project documentation.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="libdc1394"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.13 libdc1394<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#libdc1394" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-libdc1394" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>IIDC1394 input device, based on libdc1394 and libraw1394.
</p>
<p>Requires the configure option <code>--enable-libdc1394</code>.
</p>
<a name="openal"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.14 openal<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#openal" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-openal" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The OpenAL input device provides audio capture on all systems with a
working OpenAL 1.1 implementation.
</p>
<p>To enable this input device during configuration, you need OpenAL
headers and libraries installed on your system, and need to configure
FFmpeg with <code>--enable-openal</code>.
</p>
<p>OpenAL headers and libraries should be provided as part of your OpenAL
implementation, or as an additional download (an SDK). Depending on your
installation you may need to specify additional flags via the
<code>--extra-cflags</code> and <code>--extra-ldflags</code> for allowing the build
system to locate the OpenAL headers and libraries.
</p>
<p>An incomplete list of OpenAL implementations follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><strong>Creative</strong></dt>
<dd><p>The official Windows implementation, providing hardware acceleration
with supported devices and software fallback.
See <a href="http://openal.org/">http://openal.org/</a>.
</p></dd>
<dt><strong>OpenAL Soft</strong></dt>
<dd><p>Portable, open source (LGPL) software implementation. Includes
backends for the most common sound APIs on the Windows, Linux,
Solaris, and BSD operating systems.
See <a href="http://kcat.strangesoft.net/openal.html">http://kcat.strangesoft.net/openal.html</a>.
</p></dd>
<dt><strong>Apple</strong></dt>
<dd><p>OpenAL is part of Core Audio, the official Mac OS X Audio interface.
See <a href="http://developer.apple.com/technologies/mac/audio-and-video.html">http://developer.apple.com/technologies/mac/audio-and-video.html</a>
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>This device allows one to capture from an audio input device handled
through OpenAL.
</p>
<p>You need to specify the name of the device to capture in the provided
filename. If the empty string is provided, the device will
automatically select the default device. You can get the list of the
supported devices by using the option <var>list_devices</var>.
</p>
<a name="Options-19"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.14.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-19" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-19" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of channels in the captured audio. Only the values
<samp>1</samp> (monaural) and <samp>2</samp> (stereo) are currently supported.
Defaults to <samp>2</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the sample size (in bits) of the captured audio. Only the values
<samp>8</samp> and <samp>16</samp> are currently supported. Defaults to
<samp>16</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the sample rate (in Hz) of the captured audio.
Defaults to <samp>44.1k</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>list_devices</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <samp>true</samp>, print a list of devices and exit.
Defaults to <samp>false</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-10"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.14.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-10" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-10" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Print the list of OpenAL supported devices and exit:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -list_devices true -f openal -i dummy out.ogg
</pre></div>
<p>Capture from the OpenAL device <samp>DR-BT101 via PulseAudio</samp>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f openal -i 'DR-BT101 via PulseAudio' out.ogg
</pre></div>
<p>Capture from the default device (note the empty string ” as filename):
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f openal -i '' out.ogg
</pre></div>
<p>Capture from two devices simultaneously, writing to two different files,
within the same <code>ffmpeg</code> command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ffmpeg -f openal -i 'DR-BT101 via PulseAudio' out1.ogg -f openal -i 'ALSA Default' out2.ogg
</pre></div>
<p>Note: not all OpenAL implementations support multiple simultaneous capture -
try the latest OpenAL Soft if the above does not work.
</p>
<a name="oss"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.15 oss<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#oss" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-oss" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Open Sound System input device.
</p>
<p>The filename to provide to the input device is the device node
representing the OSS input device, and is usually set to
<samp>/dev/dsp</samp>.
</p>
<p>For example to grab from <samp>/dev/dsp</samp> using <code>ffmpeg</code> use the
command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f oss -i /dev/dsp /tmp/oss.wav
</pre></div>
<p>For more information about OSS see:
<a href="http://manuals.opensound.com/usersguide/dsp.html">http://manuals.opensound.com/usersguide/dsp.html</a>
</p>
<a name="Options-20"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.15.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-20" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-20" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the sample rate in Hz. Default is 48000.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of channels. Default is 2.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="pulse"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.16 pulse<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#pulse" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-pulse" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>PulseAudio input device.
</p>
<p>To enable this output device you need to configure FFmpeg with <code>--enable-libpulse</code>.
</p>
<p>The filename to provide to the input device is a source device or the
string "default"
</p>
<p>To list the PulseAudio source devices and their properties you can invoke
the command <code>pactl list sources</code>.
</p>
<p>More information about PulseAudio can be found on <a href="http://www.pulseaudio.org">http://www.pulseaudio.org</a>.
</p>
<a name="Options-21"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.16.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-21" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-21" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>server</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Connect to a specific PulseAudio server, specified by an IP address.
Default server is used when not provided.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the application name PulseAudio will use when showing active clients,
by default it is the <code>LIBAVFORMAT_IDENT</code> string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stream_name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the stream name PulseAudio will use when showing active streams,
by default it is "record".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the samplerate in Hz, by default 48kHz is used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the channels in use, by default 2 (stereo) is set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>frame_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the number of bytes per frame, by default it is set to 1024.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fragment_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the minimal buffering fragment in PulseAudio, it will affect the
audio latency. By default it is unset.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>wallclock</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the initial PTS using the current time. Default is 1.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-11"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.16.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-11" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-11" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Record a stream from default device:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f pulse -i default /tmp/pulse.wav
</pre></div>
<a name="qtkit"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.17 qtkit<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#qtkit" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-qtkit" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>QTKit input device.
</p>
<p>The filename passed as input is parsed to contain either a device name or index.
The device index can also be given by using -video_device_index.
A given device index will override any given device name.
If the desired device consists of numbers only, use -video_device_index to identify it.
The default device will be chosen if an empty string or the device name "default" is given.
The available devices can be enumerated by using -list_devices.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f qtkit -i "0" out.mpg
</pre></div>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f qtkit -video_device_index 0 -i "" out.mpg
</pre></div>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f qtkit -i "default" out.mpg
</pre></div>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f qtkit -list_devices true -i ""
</pre></div>
<a name="Options-22"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.17.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-22" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-22" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frame_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frame rate. Default is 30.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>list_devices</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to <code>true</code>, print a list of devices and exit. Default is
<code>false</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_device_index</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the video device by index for devices with the same name (starts at 0).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="sndio"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.18 sndio<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#sndio" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-sndio" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>sndio input device.
</p>
<p>To enable this input device during configuration you need libsndio
installed on your system.
</p>
<p>The filename to provide to the input device is the device node
representing the sndio input device, and is usually set to
<samp>/dev/audio0</samp>.
</p>
<p>For example to grab from <samp>/dev/audio0</samp> using <code>ffmpeg</code> use the
command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f sndio -i /dev/audio0 /tmp/oss.wav
</pre></div>
<a name="Options-23"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.18.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-23" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-23" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the sample rate in Hz. Default is 48000.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of channels. Default is 2.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="video4linux2_002c-v4l2"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.19 video4linux2, v4l2<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#video4linux2_002c-v4l2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-video4linux2_002c-v4l2" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Video4Linux2 input video device.
</p>
<p>"v4l2" can be used as alias for "video4linux2".
</p>
<p>If FFmpeg is built with v4l-utils support (by using the
<code>--enable-libv4l2</code> configure option), it is possible to use it with the
<code>-use_libv4l2</code> input device option.
</p>
<p>The name of the device to grab is a file device node, usually Linux
systems tend to automatically create such nodes when the device
(e.g. an USB webcam) is plugged into the system, and has a name of the
kind <samp>/dev/video<var>N</var></samp>, where <var>N</var> is a number associated to
the device.
</p>
<p>Video4Linux2 devices usually support a limited set of
<var>width</var>x<var>height</var> sizes and frame rates. You can check which are
supported using <code>-list_formats all</code> for Video4Linux2 devices.
Some devices, like TV cards, support one or more standards. It is possible
to list all the supported standards using <code>-list_standards all</code>.
</p>
<p>The time base for the timestamps is 1 microsecond. Depending on the kernel
version and configuration, the timestamps may be derived from the real time
clock (origin at the Unix Epoch) or the monotonic clock (origin usually at
boot time, unaffected by NTP or manual changes to the clock). The
<samp>-timestamps abs</samp> or <samp>-ts abs</samp> option can be used to force
conversion into the real time clock.
</p>
<p>Some usage examples of the video4linux2 device with <code>ffmpeg</code>
and <code>ffplay</code>:
</p><ul>
<li> List supported formats for a video4linux2 device:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f video4linux2 -list_formats all /dev/video0
</pre></div>
</li><li> Grab and show the input of a video4linux2 device:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f video4linux2 -framerate 30 -video_size hd720 /dev/video0
</pre></div>
</li><li> Grab and record the input of a video4linux2 device, leave the
frame rate and size as previously set:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -input_format mjpeg -i /dev/video0 out.mpeg
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<p>For more information about Video4Linux, check <a href="http://linuxtv.org/">http://linuxtv.org/</a>.
</p>
<a name="Options-24"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.19.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-24" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-24" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>standard</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the standard. Must be the name of a supported standard. To get a
list of the supported standards, use the <samp>list_standards</samp>
option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channel</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the input channel number. Default to -1, which means using the
previously selected channel.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video frame size. The argument must be a string in the form
<var>WIDTH</var>x<var>HEIGHT</var> or a valid size abbreviation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pixel_format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the pixel format (only valid for raw video input).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>input_format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the preferred pixel format (for raw video) or a codec name.
This option allows one to select the input format, when several are
available.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the preferred video frame rate.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>list_formats</samp></dt>
<dd><p>List available formats (supported pixel formats, codecs, and frame
sizes) and exit.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>all</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show all available (compressed and non-compressed) formats.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>raw</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show only raw video (non-compressed) formats.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>compressed</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show only compressed formats.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>list_standards</samp></dt>
<dd><p>List supported standards and exit.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>all</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Show all supported standards.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>timestamps, ts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set type of timestamps for grabbed frames.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>default</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use timestamps from the kernel.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>abs</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use absolute timestamps (wall clock).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>mono2abs</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Force conversion from monotonic to absolute timestamps.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>default</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>use_libv4l2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Use libv4l2 (v4l-utils) conversion functions. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="vfwcap"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.20 vfwcap<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#vfwcap" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-vfwcap" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>VfW (Video for Windows) capture input device.
</p>
<p>The filename passed as input is the capture driver number, ranging from
0 to 9. You may use "list" as filename to print a list of drivers. Any
other filename will be interpreted as device number 0.
</p>
<a name="Options-25"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.20.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-25" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-25" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video frame size.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the grabbing frame rate. Default value is <code>ntsc</code>,
corresponding to a frame rate of <code>30000/1001</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="x11grab"></a>
<h3 class="section">18.21 x11grab<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#x11grab" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-x11grab" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>X11 video input device.
</p>
<p>To enable this input device during configuration you need libxcb
installed on your system. It will be automatically detected during
configuration.
</p>
<p>Alternatively, the configure option <samp>--enable-x11grab</samp> exists
for legacy Xlib users.
</p>
<p>This device allows one to capture a region of an X11 display.
</p>
<p>The filename passed as input has the syntax:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">[<var>hostname</var>]:<var>display_number</var>.<var>screen_number</var>[+<var>x_offset</var>,<var>y_offset</var>]
</pre></div>
<p><var>hostname</var>:<var>display_number</var>.<var>screen_number</var> specifies the
X11 display name of the screen to grab from. <var>hostname</var> can be
omitted, and defaults to "localhost". The environment variable
<code>DISPLAY</code> contains the default display name.
</p>
<p><var>x_offset</var> and <var>y_offset</var> specify the offsets of the grabbed
area with respect to the top-left border of the X11 screen. They
default to 0.
</p>
<p>Check the X11 documentation (e.g. <code>man X</code>) for more detailed
information.
</p>
<p>Use the <code>xdpyinfo</code> program for getting basic information about
the properties of your X11 display (e.g. grep for "name" or
"dimensions").
</p>
<p>For example to grab from <samp>:0.0</samp> using <code>ffmpeg</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f x11grab -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0 out.mpg
</pre></div>
<p>Grab at position <code>10,20</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f x11grab -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0+10,20 out.mpg
</pre></div>
<a name="Options-26"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.21.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-26" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-26" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>draw_mouse</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify whether to draw the mouse pointer. A value of <code>0</code> specify
not to draw the pointer. Default value is <code>1</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>follow_mouse</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Make the grabbed area follow the mouse. The argument can be
<code>centered</code> or a number of pixels <var>PIXELS</var>.
</p>
<p>When it is specified with "centered", the grabbing region follows the mouse
pointer and keeps the pointer at the center of region; otherwise, the region
follows only when the mouse pointer reaches within <var>PIXELS</var> (greater than
zero) to the edge of region.
</p>
<p>For example:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f x11grab -follow_mouse centered -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0 out.mpg
</pre></div>
<p>To follow only when the mouse pointer reaches within 100 pixels to edge:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f x11grab -follow_mouse 100 -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0 out.mpg
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the grabbing frame rate. Default value is <code>ntsc</code>,
corresponding to a frame rate of <code>30000/1001</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show_region</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show grabbed region on screen.
</p>
<p>If <var>show_region</var> is specified with <code>1</code>, then the grabbing
region will be indicated on screen. With this option, it is easy to
know what is being grabbed if only a portion of the screen is grabbed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>region_border</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the region border thickness if <samp>-show_region 1</samp> is used.
Range is 1 to 128 and default is 3 (XCB-based x11grab only).
</p>
<p>For example:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f x11grab -show_region 1 -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0+10,20 out.mpg
</pre></div>
<p>With <var>follow_mouse</var>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f x11grab -follow_mouse centered -show_region 1 -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0 out.mpg
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt><samp>video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video frame size. Default value is <code>vga</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>use_shm</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Use the MIT-SHM extension for shared memory. Default value is <code>1</code>.
It may be necessary to disable it for remote displays (legacy x11grab
only).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="grab_005fx-grab_005fy-AVOption"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">18.21.2 <var>grab_x</var> <var>grab_y</var> AVOption<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#grab_005fx-grab_005fy-AVOption" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-grab_005fx-grab_005fy-AVOption" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The syntax is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">-grab_x <var>x_offset</var> -grab_y <var>y_offset</var>
</pre></div>
<p>Set the grabbing region coordinates. They are expressed as offset from the top left
corner of the X11 window. The default value is 0.
</p>
<a name="Resampler-Options"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">19 Resampler Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Resampler-Options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Resampler-Options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>The audio resampler supports the following named options.
</p>
<p>Options may be set by specifying -<var>option</var> <var>value</var> in the
FFmpeg tools, <var>option</var>=<var>value</var> for the aresample filter,
by setting the value explicitly in the
<code>SwrContext</code> options or using the <samp>libavutil/opt.h</samp> API for
programmatic use.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>ich, in_channel_count</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of input channels. Default value is 0. Setting this
value is not mandatory if the corresponding channel layout
<samp>in_channel_layout</samp> is set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>och, out_channel_count</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of output channels. Default value is 0. Setting this
value is not mandatory if the corresponding channel layout
<samp>out_channel_layout</samp> is set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>uch, used_channel_count</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of used input channels. Default value is 0. This option is
only used for special remapping.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>isr, in_sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the input sample rate. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>osr, out_sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output sample rate. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>isf, in_sample_fmt</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the input sample format. It is set by default to <code>none</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>osf, out_sample_fmt</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the output sample format. It is set by default to <code>none</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tsf, internal_sample_fmt</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the internal sample format. Default value is <code>none</code>.
This will automatically be chosen when it is not explicitly set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>icl, in_channel_layout</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ocl, out_channel_layout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the input/output channel layout.
</p>
<p>See <a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#channel-layout-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Channel Layout section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the required syntax.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>clev, center_mix_level</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the center mix level. It is a value expressed in deciBel, and must be
in the interval [-32,32].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>slev, surround_mix_level</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the surround mix level. It is a value expressed in deciBel, and must
be in the interval [-32,32].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lfe_mix_level</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set LFE mix into non LFE level. It is used when there is a LFE input but no
LFE output. It is a value expressed in deciBel, and must
be in the interval [-32,32].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rmvol, rematrix_volume</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set rematrix volume. Default value is 1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rematrix_maxval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set maximum output value for rematrixing.
This can be used to prevent clipping vs. preventing volumn reduction
A value of 1.0 prevents cliping.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>flags, swr_flags</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set flags used by the converter. Default value is 0.
</p>
<p>It supports the following individual flags:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>res</samp></dt>
<dd><p>force resampling, this flag forces resampling to be used even when the
input and output sample rates match.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dither_scale</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the dither scale. Default value is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dither_method</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set dither method. Default value is 0.
</p>
<p>Supported values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>rectangular</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select rectangular dither
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>triangular</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select triangular dither
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>triangular_hp</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select triangular dither with high pass
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>lipshitz</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select lipshitz noise shaping dither
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>shibata</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select shibata noise shaping dither
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>low_shibata</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select low shibata noise shaping dither
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>high_shibata</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select high shibata noise shaping dither
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>f_weighted</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select f-weighted noise shaping dither
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>modified_e_weighted</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select modified-e-weighted noise shaping dither
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>improved_e_weighted</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select improved-e-weighted noise shaping dither
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>resampler</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set resampling engine. Default value is swr.
</p>
<p>Supported values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>swr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select the native SW Resampler; filter options precision and cheby are not
applicable in this case.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>soxr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select the SoX Resampler (where available); compensation, and filter options
filter_size, phase_shift, filter_type & kaiser_beta, are not applicable in this
case.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>filter_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, set resampling filter size, default value is 32.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>phase_shift</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, set resampling phase shift, default value is 10, and must be in
the interval [0,30].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>linear_interp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Use Linear Interpolation if set to 1, default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cutoff</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set cutoff frequency (swr: 6dB point; soxr: 0dB point) ratio; must be a float
value between 0 and 1. Default value is 0.97 with swr, and 0.91 with soxr
(which, with a sample-rate of 44100, preserves the entire audio band to 20kHz).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>precision</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For soxr only, the precision in bits to which the resampled signal will be
calculated. The default value of 20 (which, with suitable dithering, is
appropriate for a destination bit-depth of 16) gives SoX’s ’High Quality’; a
value of 28 gives SoX’s ’Very High Quality’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cheby</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For soxr only, selects passband rolloff none (Chebyshev) & higher-precision
approximation for ’irrational’ ratios. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>async</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, simple 1 parameter audio sync to timestamps using stretching,
squeezing, filling and trimming. Setting this to 1 will enable filling and
trimming, larger values represent the maximum amount in samples that the data
may be stretched or squeezed for each second.
Default value is 0, thus no compensation is applied to make the samples match
the audio timestamps.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>first_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, assume the first pts should be this value. The time unit is 1 / sample rate.
This allows for padding/trimming at the start of stream. By default, no
assumption is made about the first frame’s expected pts, so no padding or
trimming is done. For example, this could be set to 0 to pad the beginning with
silence if an audio stream starts after the video stream or to trim any samples
with a negative pts due to encoder delay.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>min_comp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, set the minimum difference between timestamps and audio data (in
seconds) to trigger stretching/squeezing/filling or trimming of the
data to make it match the timestamps. The default is that
stretching/squeezing/filling and trimming is disabled
(<samp>min_comp</samp> = <code>FLT_MAX</code>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>min_hard_comp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, set the minimum difference between timestamps and audio data (in
seconds) to trigger adding/dropping samples to make it match the
timestamps. This option effectively is a threshold to select between
hard (trim/fill) and soft (squeeze/stretch) compensation. Note that
all compensation is by default disabled through <samp>min_comp</samp>.
The default is 0.1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>comp_duration</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, set duration (in seconds) over which data is stretched/squeezed
to make it match the timestamps. Must be a non-negative double float value,
default value is 1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_soft_comp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, set maximum factor by which data is stretched/squeezed to make it
match the timestamps. Must be a non-negative double float value, default value
is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>matrix_encoding</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select matrixed stereo encoding.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select none
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dolby</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select Dolby
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dplii</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select Dolby Pro Logic II
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>none</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>filter_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, select resampling filter type. This only affects resampling
operations.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>cubic</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select cubic
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>blackman_nuttall</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select Blackman Nuttall Windowed Sinc
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>kaiser</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>select Kaiser Windowed Sinc
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>kaiser_beta</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, set Kaiser Window Beta value. Must be an integer in the
interval [2,16], default value is 9.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>output_sample_bits</samp></dt>
<dd><p>For swr only, set number of used output sample bits for dithering. Must be an integer in the
interval [0,64], default value is 0, which means it’s not used.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="scaler_005foptions"></a><a name="Scaler-Options"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">20 Scaler Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Scaler-Options" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Scaler-Options" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>The video scaler supports the following named options.
</p>
<p>Options may be set by specifying -<var>option</var> <var>value</var> in the
FFmpeg tools. For programmatic use, they can be set explicitly in the
<code>SwsContext</code> options or through the <samp>libavutil/opt.h</samp> API.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd>
<a name="sws_005fflags"></a></dd>
<dt><samp>sws_flags</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the scaler flags. This is also used to set the scaling
algorithm. Only a single algorithm should be selected.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>fast_bilinear</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select fast bilinear scaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bilinear</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select bilinear scaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bicubic</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select bicubic scaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>experimental</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select experimental scaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>neighbor</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select nearest neighbor rescaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>area</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select averaging area rescaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bicublin</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select bicubic scaling algorithm for the luma component, bilinear for
chroma components.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>gauss</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select Gaussian rescaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sinc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select sinc rescaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>lanczos</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select lanczos rescaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>spline</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select natural bicubic spline rescaling algorithm.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>print_info</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable printing/debug logging.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>accurate_rnd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable accurate rounding.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>full_chroma_int</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable full chroma interpolation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>full_chroma_inp</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select full chroma input.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bitexact</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable bitexact output.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>srcw</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set source width.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>srch</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set source height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dstw</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set destination width.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dsth</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set destination height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>src_format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set source pixel format (must be expressed as an integer).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dst_format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set destination pixel format (must be expressed as an integer).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>src_range</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select source range.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dst_range</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select destination range.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>param0, param1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set scaling algorithm parameters. The specified values are specific of
some scaling algorithms and ignored by others. The specified values
are floating point number values.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sws_dither</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the dithering algorithm. Accepts one of the following
values. Default value is ‘<samp>auto</samp>’.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>automatic choice
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>no dithering
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bayer</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>bayer dither
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ed</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>error diffusion dither
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>a_dither</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>arithmetic dither, based using addition
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>x_dither</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>arithmetic dither, based using xor (more random/less apparent patterning that
a_dither).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>alphablend</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the alpha blending to use when the input has alpha but the output does not.
Default value is ‘<samp>none</samp>’.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>uniform_color</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Blend onto a uniform background color
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>checkerboard</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Blend onto a checkerboard
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>No blending
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Filtering-Introduction"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">21 Filtering Introduction<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Filtering-Introduction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Filtering-Introduction" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Filtering in FFmpeg is enabled through the libavfilter library.
</p>
<p>In libavfilter, a filter can have multiple inputs and multiple
outputs.
To illustrate the sorts of things that are possible, we consider the
following filtergraph.
</p>
<pre class="verbatim"> [main]
input --> split ---------------------> overlay --> output
| ^
|[tmp] [flip]|
+-----> crop --> vflip -------+
</pre>
<p>This filtergraph splits the input stream in two streams, then sends one
stream through the crop filter and the vflip filter, before merging it
back with the other stream by overlaying it on top. You can use the
following command to achieve this:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf "split [main][tmp]; [tmp] crop=iw:ih/2:0:0, vflip [flip]; [main][flip] overlay=0:H/2" OUTPUT
</pre></div>
<p>The result will be that the top half of the video is mirrored
onto the bottom half of the output video.
</p>
<p>Filters in the same linear chain are separated by commas, and distinct
linear chains of filters are separated by semicolons. In our example,
<var>crop,vflip</var> are in one linear chain, <var>split</var> and
<var>overlay</var> are separately in another. The points where the linear
chains join are labelled by names enclosed in square brackets. In the
example, the split filter generates two outputs that are associated to
the labels <var>[main]</var> and <var>[tmp]</var>.
</p>
<p>The stream sent to the second output of <var>split</var>, labelled as
<var>[tmp]</var>, is processed through the <var>crop</var> filter, which crops
away the lower half part of the video, and then vertically flipped. The
<var>overlay</var> filter takes in input the first unchanged output of the
split filter (which was labelled as <var>[main]</var>), and overlay on its
lower half the output generated by the <var>crop,vflip</var> filterchain.
</p>
<p>Some filters take in input a list of parameters: they are specified
after the filter name and an equal sign, and are separated from each other
by a colon.
</p>
<p>There exist so-called <var>source filters</var> that do not have an
audio/video input, and <var>sink filters</var> that will not have audio/video
output.
</p>
<a name="graph2dot"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">22 graph2dot<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#graph2dot" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-graph2dot" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>The <samp>graph2dot</samp> program included in the FFmpeg <samp>tools</samp>
directory can be used to parse a filtergraph description and issue a
corresponding textual representation in the dot language.
</p>
<p>Invoke the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">graph2dot -h
</pre></div>
<p>to see how to use <samp>graph2dot</samp>.
</p>
<p>You can then pass the dot description to the <samp>dot</samp> program (from
the graphviz suite of programs) and obtain a graphical representation
of the filtergraph.
</p>
<p>For example the sequence of commands:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">echo <var>GRAPH_DESCRIPTION</var> | \
tools/graph2dot -o graph.tmp && \
dot -Tpng graph.tmp -o graph.png && \
display graph.png
</pre></div>
<p>can be used to create and display an image representing the graph
described by the <var>GRAPH_DESCRIPTION</var> string. Note that this string must be
a complete self-contained graph, with its inputs and outputs explicitly defined.
For example if your command line is of the form:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i infile -vf scale=640:360 outfile
</pre></div>
<p>your <var>GRAPH_DESCRIPTION</var> string will need to be of the form:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">nullsrc,scale=640:360,nullsink
</pre></div>
<p>you may also need to set the <var>nullsrc</var> parameters and add a <var>format</var>
filter in order to simulate a specific input file.
</p>
<a name="Filtergraph-description"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">23 Filtergraph description<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Filtergraph-description" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Filtergraph-description" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>A filtergraph is a directed graph of connected filters. It can contain
cycles, and there can be multiple links between a pair of
filters. Each link has one input pad on one side connecting it to one
filter from which it takes its input, and one output pad on the other
side connecting it to one filter accepting its output.
</p>
<p>Each filter in a filtergraph is an instance of a filter class
registered in the application, which defines the features and the
number of input and output pads of the filter.
</p>
<p>A filter with no input pads is called a "source", and a filter with no
output pads is called a "sink".
</p>
<a name="Filtergraph-syntax"></a><a name="Filtergraph-syntax-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">23.1 Filtergraph syntax<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Filtergraph-syntax-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Filtergraph-syntax-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>A filtergraph has a textual representation, which is recognized by the
<samp>-filter</samp>/<samp>-vf</samp>/<samp>-af</samp> and
<samp>-filter_complex</samp> options in <code>ffmpeg</code> and
<samp>-vf</samp>/<samp>-af</samp> in <code>ffplay</code>, and by the
<code>avfilter_graph_parse_ptr()</code> function defined in
<samp>libavfilter/avfilter.h</samp>.
</p>
<p>A filterchain consists of a sequence of connected filters, each one
connected to the previous one in the sequence. A filterchain is
represented by a list of ","-separated filter descriptions.
</p>
<p>A filtergraph consists of a sequence of filterchains. A sequence of
filterchains is represented by a list of ";"-separated filterchain
descriptions.
</p>
<p>A filter is represented by a string of the form:
[<var>in_link_1</var>]...[<var>in_link_N</var>]<var>filter_name</var>=<var>arguments</var>[<var>out_link_1</var>]...[<var>out_link_M</var>]
</p>
<p><var>filter_name</var> is the name of the filter class of which the
described filter is an instance of, and has to be the name of one of
the filter classes registered in the program.
The name of the filter class is optionally followed by a string
"=<var>arguments</var>".
</p>
<p><var>arguments</var> is a string which contains the parameters used to
initialize the filter instance. It may have one of two forms:
</p><ul>
<li> A ’:’-separated list of <var>key=value</var> pairs.
</li><li> A ’:’-separated list of <var>value</var>. In this case, the keys are assumed to be
the option names in the order they are declared. E.g. the <code>fade</code> filter
declares three options in this order – <samp>type</samp>, <samp>start_frame</samp> and
<samp>nb_frames</samp>. Then the parameter list <var>in:0:30</var> means that the value
<var>in</var> is assigned to the option <samp>type</samp>, <var>0</var> to
<samp>start_frame</samp> and <var>30</var> to <samp>nb_frames</samp>.
</li><li> A ’:’-separated list of mixed direct <var>value</var> and long <var>key=value</var>
pairs. The direct <var>value</var> must precede the <var>key=value</var> pairs, and
follow the same constraints order of the previous point. The following
<var>key=value</var> pairs can be set in any preferred order.
</li></ul>
<p>If the option value itself is a list of items (e.g. the <code>format</code> filter
takes a list of pixel formats), the items in the list are usually separated by
‘<samp>|</samp>’.
</p>
<p>The list of arguments can be quoted using the character ‘<samp>'</samp>’ as initial
and ending mark, and the character ‘<samp>\</samp>’ for escaping the characters
within the quoted text; otherwise the argument string is considered
terminated when the next special character (belonging to the set
‘<samp>[]=;,</samp>’) is encountered.
</p>
<p>The name and arguments of the filter are optionally preceded and
followed by a list of link labels.
A link label allows one to name a link and associate it to a filter output
or input pad. The preceding labels <var>in_link_1</var>
... <var>in_link_N</var>, are associated to the filter input pads,
the following labels <var>out_link_1</var> ... <var>out_link_M</var>, are
associated to the output pads.
</p>
<p>When two link labels with the same name are found in the
filtergraph, a link between the corresponding input and output pad is
created.
</p>
<p>If an output pad is not labelled, it is linked by default to the first
unlabelled input pad of the next filter in the filterchain.
For example in the filterchain
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">nullsrc, split[L1], [L2]overlay, nullsink
</pre></div>
<p>the split filter instance has two output pads, and the overlay filter
instance two input pads. The first output pad of split is labelled
"L1", the first input pad of overlay is labelled "L2", and the second
output pad of split is linked to the second input pad of overlay,
which are both unlabelled.
</p>
<p>In a filter description, if the input label of the first filter is not
specified, "in" is assumed; if the output label of the last filter is not
specified, "out" is assumed.
</p>
<p>In a complete filterchain all the unlabelled filter input and output
pads must be connected. A filtergraph is considered valid if all the
filter input and output pads of all the filterchains are connected.
</p>
<p>Libavfilter will automatically insert <a href="#scale">scale</a> filters where format
conversion is required. It is possible to specify swscale flags
for those automatically inserted scalers by prepending
<code>sws_flags=<var>flags</var>;</code>
to the filtergraph description.
</p>
<p>Here is a BNF description of the filtergraph syntax:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>NAME</var> ::= sequence of alphanumeric characters and '_'
<var>LINKLABEL</var> ::= "[" <var>NAME</var> "]"
<var>LINKLABELS</var> ::= <var>LINKLABEL</var> [<var>LINKLABELS</var>]
<var>FILTER_ARGUMENTS</var> ::= sequence of chars (possibly quoted)
<var>FILTER</var> ::= [<var>LINKLABELS</var>] <var>NAME</var> ["=" <var>FILTER_ARGUMENTS</var>] [<var>LINKLABELS</var>]
<var>FILTERCHAIN</var> ::= <var>FILTER</var> [,<var>FILTERCHAIN</var>]
<var>FILTERGRAPH</var> ::= [sws_flags=<var>flags</var>;] <var>FILTERCHAIN</var> [;<var>FILTERGRAPH</var>]
</pre></div>
<a name="Notes-on-filtergraph-escaping"></a>
<h3 class="section">23.2 Notes on filtergraph escaping<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Notes-on-filtergraph-escaping" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Notes-on-filtergraph-escaping" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Filtergraph description composition entails several levels of
escaping. See <a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#quoting_005fand_005fescaping">(ffmpeg-utils)the "Quoting and escaping"
section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a> for more
information about the employed escaping procedure.
</p>
<p>A first level escaping affects the content of each filter option
value, which may contain the special character <code>:</code> used to
separate values, or one of the escaping characters <code>\'</code>.
</p>
<p>A second level escaping affects the whole filter description, which
may contain the escaping characters <code>\'</code> or the special
characters <code>[],;</code> used by the filtergraph description.
</p>
<p>Finally, when you specify a filtergraph on a shell commandline, you
need to perform a third level escaping for the shell special
characters contained within it.
</p>
<p>For example, consider the following string to be embedded in
the <a href="#drawtext">drawtext</a> filter description <samp>text</samp> value:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">this is a 'string': may contain one, or more, special characters
</pre></div>
<p>This string contains the <code>'</code> special escaping character, and the
<code>:</code> special character, so it needs to be escaped in this way:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">text=this is a \'string\'\: may contain one, or more, special characters
</pre></div>
<p>A second level of escaping is required when embedding the filter
description in a filtergraph description, in order to escape all the
filtergraph special characters. Thus the example above becomes:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext=text=this is a \\\'string\\\'\\: may contain one\, or more\, special characters
</pre></div>
<p>(note that in addition to the <code>\'</code> escaping special characters,
also <code>,</code> needs to be escaped).
</p>
<p>Finally an additional level of escaping is needed when writing the
filtergraph description in a shell command, which depends on the
escaping rules of the adopted shell. For example, assuming that
<code>\</code> is special and needs to be escaped with another <code>\</code>, the
previous string will finally result in:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">-vf "drawtext=text=this is a \\\\\\'string\\\\\\'\\\\: may contain one\\, or more\\, special characters"
</pre></div>
<a name="Timeline-editing"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">24 Timeline editing<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Timeline-editing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Timeline-editing" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Some filters support a generic <samp>enable</samp> option. For the filters
supporting timeline editing, this option can be set to an expression which is
evaluated before sending a frame to the filter. If the evaluation is non-zero,
the filter will be enabled, otherwise the frame will be sent unchanged to the
next filter in the filtergraph.
</p>
<p>The expression accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>t</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>n</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>sequential number of the input frame, starting from 0
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pos</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>the position in the file of the input frame, NAN if unknown
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>w</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>h</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>width and height of the input frame if video
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Additionally, these filters support an <samp>enable</samp> command that can be used
to re-define the expression.
</p>
<p>Like any other filtering option, the <samp>enable</samp> option follows the same
rules.
</p>
<p>For example, to enable a blur filter (<a href="#smartblur">smartblur</a>) from 10 seconds to 3
minutes, and a <a href="#curves">curves</a> filter starting at 3 seconds:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">smartblur = enable='between(t,10,3*60)',
curves = enable='gte(t,3)' : preset=cross_process
</pre></div>
<a name="Audio-Filters"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">25 Audio Filters<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Audio-Filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Audio-Filters" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>When you configure your FFmpeg build, you can disable any of the
existing filters using <code>--disable-filters</code>.
The configure output will show the audio filters included in your
build.
</p>
<p>Below is a description of the currently available audio filters.
</p>
<a name="acrossfade"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.1 acrossfade<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#acrossfade" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-acrossfade" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply cross fade from one input audio stream to another input audio stream.
The cross fade is applied for specified duration near the end of first stream.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>nb_samples, ns</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the number of samples for which the cross fade effect has to last.
At the end of the cross fade effect the first input audio will be completely
silent. Default is 44100.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the duration of the cross fade effect. See
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the accepted syntax.
By default the duration is determined by <var>nb_samples</var>.
If set this option is used instead of <var>nb_samples</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>overlap, o</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Should first stream end overlap with second stream start. Default is enabled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>curve1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set curve for cross fade transition for first stream.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>curve2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set curve for cross fade transition for second stream.
</p>
<p>For description of available curve types see <a href="#afade">afade</a> filter description.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-12"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.1.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-12" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-12" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Cross fade from one input to another:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i first.flac -i second.flac -filter_complex acrossfade=d=10:c1=exp:c2=exp output.flac
</pre></div>
</li><li> Cross fade from one input to another but without overlapping:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i first.flac -i second.flac -filter_complex acrossfade=d=10:o=0:c1=exp:c2=exp output.flac
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="adelay"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.2 adelay<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#adelay" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-adelay" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Delay one or more audio channels.
</p>
<p>Samples in delayed channel are filled with silence.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>delays</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set list of delays in milliseconds for each channel separated by ’|’.
At least one delay greater than 0 should be provided.
Unused delays will be silently ignored. If number of given delays is
smaller than number of channels all remaining channels will not be delayed.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-13"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.2.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-13" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-13" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Delay first channel by 1.5 seconds, the third channel by 0.5 seconds and leave
the second channel (and any other channels that may be present) unchanged.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">adelay=1500|0|500
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="aecho"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.3 aecho<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#aecho" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-aecho" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply echoing to the input audio.
</p>
<p>Echoes are reflected sound and can occur naturally amongst mountains
(and sometimes large buildings) when talking or shouting; digital echo
effects emulate this behaviour and are often used to help fill out the
sound of a single instrument or vocal. The time difference between the
original signal and the reflection is the <code>delay</code>, and the
loudness of the reflected signal is the <code>decay</code>.
Multiple echoes can have different delays and decays.
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted parameters follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>in_gain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set input gain of reflected signal. Default is <code>0.6</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_gain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set output gain of reflected signal. Default is <code>0.3</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>delays</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set list of time intervals in milliseconds between original signal and reflections
separated by ’|’. Allowed range for each <code>delay</code> is <code>(0 - 90000.0]</code>.
Default is <code>1000</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>decays</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set list of loudnesses of reflected signals separated by ’|’.
Allowed range for each <code>decay</code> is <code>(0 - 1.0]</code>.
Default is <code>0.5</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-14"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.3.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-14" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-14" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Make it sound as if there are twice as many instruments as are actually playing:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aecho=0.8:0.88:60:0.4
</pre></div>
</li><li> If delay is very short, then it sound like a (metallic) robot playing music:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aecho=0.8:0.88:6:0.4
</pre></div>
</li><li> A longer delay will sound like an open air concert in the mountains:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aecho=0.8:0.9:1000:0.3
</pre></div>
</li><li> Same as above but with one more mountain:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aecho=0.8:0.9:1000|1800:0.3|0.25
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="aeval"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.4 aeval<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#aeval" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-aeval" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Modify an audio signal according to the specified expressions.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts one or more expressions (one for each channel),
which are evaluated and used to modify a corresponding audio signal.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>exprs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the ’|’-separated expressions list for each separate channel. If
the number of input channels is greater than the number of
expressions, the last specified expression is used for the remaining
output channels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channel_layout, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set output channel layout. If not specified, the channel layout is
specified by the number of expressions. If set to ‘<samp>same</samp>’, it will
use by default the same input channel layout.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Each expression in <var>exprs</var> can contain the following constants and functions:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>ch</samp></dt>
<dd><p>channel number of the current expression
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>number of the evaluated sample, starting from 0
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>sample rate
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>time of the evaluated sample expressed in seconds
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_in_channels</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>nb_out_channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>input and output number of channels
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>val(CH)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the value of input channel with number <var>CH</var>
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Note: this filter is slow. For faster processing you should use a
dedicated filter.
</p>
<a name="Examples-15"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.4.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-15" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-15" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Half volume:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aeval=val(ch)/2:c=same
</pre></div>
</li><li> Invert phase of the second channel:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aeval=val(0)|-val(1)
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="afade"></a><a name="afade-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.5 afade<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#afade-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-afade-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply fade-in/out effect to input audio.
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted parameters follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>type, t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the effect type, can be either <code>in</code> for fade-in, or
<code>out</code> for a fade-out effect. Default is <code>in</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_sample, ss</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the number of the start sample for starting to apply the fade
effect. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_samples, ns</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the number of samples for which the fade effect has to last. At
the end of the fade-in effect the output audio will have the same
volume as the input audio, at the end of the fade-out transition
the output audio will be silence. Default is 44100.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_time, st</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the start time of the fade effect. Default is 0.
The value must be specified as a time duration; see
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the accepted syntax.
If set this option is used instead of <var>start_sample</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the duration of the fade effect. See
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the accepted syntax.
At the end of the fade-in effect the output audio will have the same
volume as the input audio, at the end of the fade-out transition
the output audio will be silence.
By default the duration is determined by <var>nb_samples</var>.
If set this option is used instead of <var>nb_samples</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>curve</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set curve for fade transition.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>tri</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select triangular, linear slope (default)
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>qsin</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select quarter of sine wave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>hsin</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select half of sine wave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>esin</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select exponential sine wave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>log</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select logarithmic
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>ipar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select inverted parabola
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>qua</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select quadratic
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>cub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select cubic
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>squ</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select square root
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>cbr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select cubic root
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>par</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select parabola
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>exp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select exponential
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>iqsin</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select inverted quarter of sine wave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>ihsin</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select inverted half of sine wave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>dese</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select double-exponential seat
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>desi</samp></dt>
<dd><p>select double-exponential sigmoid
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-16"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.5.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-16" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-16" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Fade in first 15 seconds of audio:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">afade=t=in:ss=0:d=15
</pre></div>
</li><li> Fade out last 25 seconds of a 900 seconds audio:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">afade=t=out:st=875:d=25
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="aformat"></a><a name="aformat-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.6 aformat<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#aformat-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-aformat-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Set output format constraints for the input audio. The framework will
negotiate the most appropriate format to minimize conversions.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>sample_fmts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A ’|’-separated list of requested sample formats.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rates</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A ’|’-separated list of requested sample rates.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channel_layouts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A ’|’-separated list of requested channel layouts.
</p>
<p>See <a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#channel-layout-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Channel Layout section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the required syntax.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If a parameter is omitted, all values are allowed.
</p>
<p>Force the output to either unsigned 8-bit or signed 16-bit stereo
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">aformat=sample_fmts=u8|s16:channel_layouts=stereo
</pre></div>
<a name="allpass"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.7 allpass<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#allpass" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-allpass" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a two-pole all-pass filter with central frequency (in Hz)
<var>frequency</var>, and filter-width <var>width</var>.
An all-pass filter changes the audio’s frequency to phase relationship
without changing its frequency to amplitude relationship.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frequency in Hz.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set method to specify band-width of filter.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Hz
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>q</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Q-Factor
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>o</samp></dt>
<dd><p>octave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>slope
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="amerge"></a><a name="amerge-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.8 amerge<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#amerge-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-amerge-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Merge two or more audio streams into a single multi-channel stream.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>inputs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of inputs. Default is 2.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>If the channel layouts of the inputs are disjoint, and therefore compatible,
the channel layout of the output will be set accordingly and the channels
will be reordered as necessary. If the channel layouts of the inputs are not
disjoint, the output will have all the channels of the first input then all
the channels of the second input, in that order, and the channel layout of
the output will be the default value corresponding to the total number of
channels.
</p>
<p>For example, if the first input is in 2.1 (FL+FR+LF) and the second input
is FC+BL+BR, then the output will be in 5.1, with the channels in the
following order: a1, a2, b1, a3, b2, b3 (a1 is the first channel of the
first input, b1 is the first channel of the second input).
</p>
<p>On the other hand, if both input are in stereo, the output channels will be
in the default order: a1, a2, b1, b2, and the channel layout will be
arbitrarily set to 4.0, which may or may not be the expected value.
</p>
<p>All inputs must have the same sample rate, and format.
</p>
<p>If inputs do not have the same duration, the output will stop with the
shortest.
</p>
<a name="Examples-17"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.8.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-17" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-17" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Merge two mono files into a stereo stream:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">amovie=left.wav [l] ; amovie=right.mp3 [r] ; [l] [r] amerge
</pre></div>
</li><li> Multiple merges assuming 1 video stream and 6 audio streams in <samp>input.mkv</samp>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input.mkv -filter_complex "[0:1][0:2][0:3][0:4][0:5][0:6] amerge=inputs=6" -c:a pcm_s16le output.mkv
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="amix"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.9 amix<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#amix" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-amix" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Mixes multiple audio inputs into a single output.
</p>
<p>Note that this filter only supports float samples (the <var>amerge</var>
and <var>pan</var> audio filters support many formats). If the <var>amix</var>
input has integer samples then <a href="#aresample">aresample</a> will be automatically
inserted to perform the conversion to float samples.
</p>
<p>For example
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex amix=inputs=3:duration=first:dropout_transition=3 OUTPUT
</pre></div>
<p>will mix 3 input audio streams to a single output with the same duration as the
first input and a dropout transition time of 3 seconds.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>inputs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of inputs. If unspecified, it defaults to 2.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration</samp></dt>
<dd><p>How to determine the end-of-stream.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>longest</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The duration of the longest input. (default)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>shortest</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The duration of the shortest input.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>first</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The duration of the first input.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dropout_transition</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The transition time, in seconds, for volume renormalization when an input
stream ends. The default value is 2 seconds.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="anull"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.10 anull<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#anull" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-anull" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Pass the audio source unchanged to the output.
</p>
<a name="apad"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.11 apad<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#apad" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-apad" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Pad the end of an audio stream with silence.
</p>
<p>This can be used together with <code>ffmpeg</code> <samp>-shortest</samp> to
extend audio streams to the same length as the video stream.
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted options follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>packet_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set silence packet size. Default value is 4096.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pad_len</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of samples of silence to add to the end. After the
value is reached, the stream is terminated. This option is mutually
exclusive with <samp>whole_len</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>whole_len</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the minimum total number of samples in the output audio stream. If
the value is longer than the input audio length, silence is added to
the end, until the value is reached. This option is mutually exclusive
with <samp>pad_len</samp>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If neither the <samp>pad_len</samp> nor the <samp>whole_len</samp> option is
set, the filter will add silence to the end of the input stream
indefinitely.
</p>
<a name="Examples-18"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.11.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-18" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-18" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Add 1024 samples of silence to the end of the input:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">apad=pad_len=1024
</pre></div>
</li><li> Make sure the audio output will contain at least 10000 samples, pad
the input with silence if required:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">apad=whole_len=10000
</pre></div>
</li><li> Use <code>ffmpeg</code> to pad the audio input with silence, so that the
video stream will always result the shortest and will be converted
until the end in the output file when using the <samp>shortest</samp>
option:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i VIDEO -i AUDIO -filter_complex "[1:0]apad" -shortest OUTPUT
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="aphaser"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.12 aphaser<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#aphaser" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-aphaser" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Add a phasing effect to the input audio.
</p>
<p>A phaser filter creates series of peaks and troughs in the frequency spectrum.
The position of the peaks and troughs are modulated so that they vary over time, creating a sweeping effect.
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted parameters follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>in_gain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set input gain. Default is 0.4.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_gain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set output gain. Default is 0.74
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>delay</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set delay in milliseconds. Default is 3.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>decay</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set decay. Default is 0.4.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>speed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set modulation speed in Hz. Default is 0.5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set modulation type. Default is triangular.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>triangular, t</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sinusoidal, s</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="aresample"></a><a name="aresample-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.13 aresample<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#aresample-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-aresample-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Resample the input audio to the specified parameters, using the
libswresample library. If none are specified then the filter will
automatically convert between its input and output.
</p>
<p>This filter is also able to stretch/squeeze the audio data to make it match
the timestamps or to inject silence / cut out audio to make it match the
timestamps, do a combination of both or do neither.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the syntax
[<var>sample_rate</var>:]<var>resampler_options</var>, where <var>sample_rate</var>
expresses a sample rate and <var>resampler_options</var> is a list of
<var>key</var>=<var>value</var> pairs, separated by ":". See the
ffmpeg-resampler manual for the complete list of supported options.
</p>
<a name="Examples-19"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.13.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-19" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-19" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Resample the input audio to 44100Hz:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aresample=44100
</pre></div>
</li><li> Stretch/squeeze samples to the given timestamps, with a maximum of 1000
samples per second compensation:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aresample=async=1000
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="asetnsamples"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.14 asetnsamples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#asetnsamples" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-asetnsamples" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Set the number of samples per each output audio frame.
</p>
<p>The last output packet may contain a different number of samples, as
the filter will flush all the remaining samples when the input audio
signal its end.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>nb_out_samples, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of frames per each output audio frame. The number is
intended as the number of samples <em>per each channel</em>.
Default value is 1024.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pad, p</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, the filter will pad the last audio frame with zeroes, so
that the last frame will contain the same number of samples as the
previous ones. Default value is 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example, to set the number of per-frame samples to 1234 and
disable padding for the last frame, use:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">asetnsamples=n=1234:p=0
</pre></div>
<a name="asetrate"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.15 asetrate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#asetrate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-asetrate" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Set the sample rate without altering the PCM data.
This will result in a change of speed and pitch.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>sample_rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output sample rate. Default is 44100 Hz.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="ashowinfo"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.16 ashowinfo<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ashowinfo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ashowinfo" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Show a line containing various information for each input audio frame.
The input audio is not modified.
</p>
<p>The shown line contains a sequence of key/value pairs of the form
<var>key</var>:<var>value</var>.
</p>
<p>The following values are shown in the output:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The (sequential) number of the input frame, starting from 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The presentation timestamp of the input frame, in time base units; the time base
depends on the filter input pad, and is usually 1/<var>sample_rate</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pts_time</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The presentation timestamp of the input frame in seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pos</samp></dt>
<dd><p>position of the frame in the input stream, -1 if this information in
unavailable and/or meaningless (for example in case of synthetic audio)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fmt</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The sample format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chlayout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The channel layout.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The sample rate for the audio frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_samples</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of samples (per channel) in the frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>checksum</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of the audio data. For planar
audio, the data is treated as if all the planes were concatenated.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>plane_checksums</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A list of Adler-32 checksums for each data plane.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="astats"></a><a name="astats-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.17 astats<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#astats-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-astats-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Display time domain statistical information about the audio channels.
Statistics are calculated and displayed for each audio channel and,
where applicable, an overall figure is also given.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following option:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>length</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Short window length in seconds, used for peak and trough RMS measurement.
Default is <code>0.05</code> (50 milliseconds). Allowed range is <code>[0.1 - 10]</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>metadata</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Set metadata injection. All the metadata keys are prefixed with <code>lavfi.astats.X</code>,
where <code>X</code> is channel number starting from 1 or string <code>Overall</code>. Default is
disabled.
</p>
<p>Available keys for each channel are:
DC_offset
Min_level
Max_level
Min_difference
Max_difference
Mean_difference
Peak_level
RMS_peak
RMS_trough
Crest_factor
Flat_factor
Peak_count
Bit_depth
</p>
<p>and for Overall:
DC_offset
Min_level
Max_level
Min_difference
Max_difference
Mean_difference
Peak_level
RMS_level
RMS_peak
RMS_trough
Flat_factor
Peak_count
Bit_depth
Number_of_samples
</p>
<p>For example full key look like this <code>lavfi.astats.1.DC_offset</code> or
this <code>lavfi.astats.Overall.Peak_count</code>.
</p>
<p>For description what each key means read below.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>reset</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of frame after which stats are going to be recalculated.
Default is disabled.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>A description of each shown parameter follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>DC offset</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Mean amplitude displacement from zero.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Min level</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Minimal sample level.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Max level</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Maximal sample level.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Min difference</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Minimal difference between two consecutive samples.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Max difference</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Maximal difference between two consecutive samples.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Mean difference</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Mean difference between two consecutive samples.
The average of each difference between two consecutive samples.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Peak level dB</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>RMS level dB</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Standard peak and RMS level measured in dBFS.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>RMS peak dB</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>RMS trough dB</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Peak and trough values for RMS level measured over a short window.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Crest factor</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Standard ratio of peak to RMS level (note: not in dB).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Flat factor</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Flatness (i.e. consecutive samples with the same value) of the signal at its peak levels
(i.e. either <var>Min level</var> or <var>Max level</var>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Peak count</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Number of occasions (not the number of samples) that the signal attained either
<var>Min level</var> or <var>Max level</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Bit depth</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Overall bit depth of audio. Number of bits used for each sample.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="astreamsync"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.18 astreamsync<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#astreamsync" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-astreamsync" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Forward two audio streams and control the order the buffers are forwarded.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>expr, e</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the expression deciding which stream should be
forwarded next: if the result is negative, the first stream is forwarded; if
the result is positive or zero, the second stream is forwarded. It can use
the following variables:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><var>b1 b2</var></dt>
<dd><p>number of buffers forwarded so far on each stream
</p></dd>
<dt><var>s1 s2</var></dt>
<dd><p>number of samples forwarded so far on each stream
</p></dd>
<dt><var>t1 t2</var></dt>
<dd><p>current timestamp of each stream
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The default value is <code>t1-t2</code>, which means to always forward the stream
that has a smaller timestamp.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-20"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.18.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-20" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-20" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Stress-test <code>amerge</code> by randomly sending buffers on the wrong
input, while avoiding too much of a desynchronization:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">amovie=file.ogg [a] ; amovie=file.mp3 [b] ;
[a] [b] astreamsync=(2*random(1))-1+tanh(5*(t1-t2)) [a2] [b2] ;
[a2] [b2] amerge
</pre></div>
<a name="asyncts"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.19 asyncts<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#asyncts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-asyncts" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Synchronize audio data with timestamps by squeezing/stretching it and/or
dropping samples/adding silence when needed.
</p>
<p>This filter is not built by default, please use <a href="#aresample">aresample</a> to do squeezing/stretching.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>compensate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable stretching/squeezing the data to make it match the timestamps. Disabled
by default. When disabled, time gaps are covered with silence.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>min_delta</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The minimum difference between timestamps and audio data (in seconds) to trigger
adding/dropping samples. The default value is 0.1. If you get an imperfect
sync with this filter, try setting this parameter to 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_comp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The maximum compensation in samples per second. Only relevant with compensate=1.
The default value is 500.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>first_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Assume that the first PTS should be this value. The time base is 1 / sample
rate. This allows for padding/trimming at the start of the stream. By default,
no assumption is made about the first frame’s expected PTS, so no padding or
trimming is done. For example, this could be set to 0 to pad the beginning with
silence if an audio stream starts after the video stream or to trim any samples
with a negative PTS due to encoder delay.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="atempo"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.20 atempo<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#atempo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-atempo" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Adjust audio tempo.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts exactly one parameter, the audio tempo. If not
specified then the filter will assume nominal 1.0 tempo. Tempo must
be in the [0.5, 2.0] range.
</p>
<a name="Examples-21"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.20.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-21" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-21" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Slow down audio to 80% tempo:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">atempo=0.8
</pre></div>
</li><li> To speed up audio to 125% tempo:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">atempo=1.25
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="atrim"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.21 atrim<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#atrim" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-atrim" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Trim the input so that the output contains one continuous subpart of the input.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>start</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Timestamp (in seconds) of the start of the section to keep. I.e. the audio
sample with the timestamp <var>start</var> will be the first sample in the output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>end</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify time of the first audio sample that will be dropped, i.e. the
audio sample immediately preceding the one with the timestamp <var>end</var> will be
the last sample in the output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Same as <var>start</var>, except this option sets the start timestamp in samples
instead of seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>end_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Same as <var>end</var>, except this option sets the end timestamp in samples instead
of seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The maximum duration of the output in seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_sample</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of the first sample that should be output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>end_sample</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of the first sample that should be dropped.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p><samp>start</samp>, <samp>end</samp>, and <samp>duration</samp> are expressed as time
duration specifications; see
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>.
</p>
<p>Note that the first two sets of the start/end options and the <samp>duration</samp>
option look at the frame timestamp, while the _sample options simply count the
samples that pass through the filter. So start/end_pts and start/end_sample will
give different results when the timestamps are wrong, inexact or do not start at
zero. Also note that this filter does not modify the timestamps. If you wish
to have the output timestamps start at zero, insert the asetpts filter after the
atrim filter.
</p>
<p>If multiple start or end options are set, this filter tries to be greedy and
keep all samples that match at least one of the specified constraints. To keep
only the part that matches all the constraints at once, chain multiple atrim
filters.
</p>
<p>The defaults are such that all the input is kept. So it is possible to set e.g.
just the end values to keep everything before the specified time.
</p>
<p>Examples:
</p><ul>
<li> Drop everything except the second minute of input:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -af atrim=60:120
</pre></div>
</li><li> Keep only the first 1000 samples:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -af atrim=end_sample=1000
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="bandpass"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.22 bandpass<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#bandpass" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-bandpass" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-pass filter with central
frequency <var>frequency</var>, and (3dB-point) band-width width.
The <var>csg</var> option selects a constant skirt gain (peak gain = Q)
instead of the default: constant 0dB peak gain.
The filter roll off at 6dB per octave (20dB per decade).
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filter’s central frequency. Default is <code>3000</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>csg</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Constant skirt gain if set to 1. Defaults to 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set method to specify band-width of filter.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Hz
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>q</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Q-Factor
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>o</samp></dt>
<dd><p>octave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>slope
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="bandreject"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.23 bandreject<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#bandreject" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-bandreject" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-reject filter with central
frequency <var>frequency</var>, and (3dB-point) band-width <var>width</var>.
The filter roll off at 6dB per octave (20dB per decade).
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filter’s central frequency. Default is <code>3000</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set method to specify band-width of filter.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Hz
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>q</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Q-Factor
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>o</samp></dt>
<dd><p>octave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>slope
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="bass"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.24 bass<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#bass" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-bass" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Boost or cut the bass (lower) frequencies of the audio using a two-pole
shelving filter with a response similar to that of a standard
hi-fi’s tone-controls. This is also known as shelving equalisation (EQ).
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>gain, g</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Give the gain at 0 Hz. Its useful range is about -20
(for a large cut) to +20 (for a large boost).
Beware of clipping when using a positive gain.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>frequency, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filter’s central frequency and so can be used
to extend or reduce the frequency range to be boosted or cut.
The default value is <code>100</code> Hz.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set method to specify band-width of filter.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Hz
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>q</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Q-Factor
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>o</samp></dt>
<dd><p>octave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>slope
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Determine how steep is the filter’s shelf transition.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="biquad"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.25 biquad<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#biquad" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-biquad" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a biquad IIR filter with the given coefficients.
Where <var>b0</var>, <var>b1</var>, <var>b2</var> and <var>a0</var>, <var>a1</var>, <var>a2</var>
are the numerator and denominator coefficients respectively.
</p>
<a name="bs2b"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.26 bs2b<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#bs2b" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-bs2b" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Bauer stereo to binaural transformation, which improves headphone listening of
stereo audio records.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>profile</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Pre-defined crossfeed level.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>default</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Default level (fcut=700, feed=50).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cmoy</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Chu Moy circuit (fcut=700, feed=60).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>jmeier</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Jan Meier circuit (fcut=650, feed=95).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fcut</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cut frequency (in Hz).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>feed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Feed level (in Hz).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="channelmap"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.27 channelmap<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#channelmap" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-channelmap" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Remap input channels to new locations.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>channel_layout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The channel layout of the output stream.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>map</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Map channels from input to output. The argument is a ’|’-separated list of
mappings, each in the <code><var>in_channel</var>-<var>out_channel</var></code> or
<var>in_channel</var> form. <var>in_channel</var> can be either the name of the input
channel (e.g. FL for front left) or its index in the input channel layout.
<var>out_channel</var> is the name of the output channel or its index in the output
channel layout. If <var>out_channel</var> is not given then it is implicitly an
index, starting with zero and increasing by one for each mapping.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If no mapping is present, the filter will implicitly map input channels to
output channels, preserving indices.
</p>
<p>For example, assuming a 5.1+downmix input MOV file,
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i in.mov -filter 'channelmap=map=DL-FL|DR-FR' out.wav
</pre></div>
<p>will create an output WAV file tagged as stereo from the downmix channels of
the input.
</p>
<p>To fix a 5.1 WAV improperly encoded in AAC’s native channel order
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i in.wav -filter 'channelmap=1|2|0|5|3|4:5.1' out.wav
</pre></div>
<a name="channelsplit"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.28 channelsplit<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#channelsplit" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-channelsplit" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Split each channel from an input audio stream into a separate output stream.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>channel_layout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The channel layout of the input stream. The default is "stereo".
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example, assuming a stereo input MP3 file,
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i in.mp3 -filter_complex channelsplit out.mkv
</pre></div>
<p>will create an output Matroska file with two audio streams, one containing only
the left channel and the other the right channel.
</p>
<p>Split a 5.1 WAV file into per-channel files:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i in.wav -filter_complex
'channelsplit=channel_layout=5.1[FL][FR][FC][LFE][SL][SR]'
-map '[FL]' front_left.wav -map '[FR]' front_right.wav -map '[FC]'
front_center.wav -map '[LFE]' lfe.wav -map '[SL]' side_left.wav -map '[SR]'
side_right.wav
</pre></div>
<a name="chorus"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.29 chorus<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#chorus" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-chorus" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Add a chorus effect to the audio.
</p>
<p>Can make a single vocal sound like a chorus, but can also be applied to instrumentation.
</p>
<p>Chorus resembles an echo effect with a short delay, but whereas with echo the delay is
constant, with chorus, it is varied using using sinusoidal or triangular modulation.
The modulation depth defines the range the modulated delay is played before or after
the delay. Hence the delayed sound will sound slower or faster, that is the delayed
sound tuned around the original one, like in a chorus where some vocals are slightly
off key.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>in_gain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set input gain. Default is 0.4.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_gain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set output gain. Default is 0.4.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>delays</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set delays. A typical delay is around 40ms to 60ms.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>decays</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set decays.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>speeds</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set speeds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>depths</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set depths.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-22"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.29.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-22" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-22" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> A single delay:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">chorus=0.7:0.9:55:0.4:0.25:2
</pre></div>
</li><li> Two delays:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">chorus=0.6:0.9:50|60:0.4|0.32:0.25|0.4:2|1.3
</pre></div>
</li><li> Fuller sounding chorus with three delays:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">chorus=0.5:0.9:50|60|40:0.4|0.32|0.3:0.25|0.4|0.3:2|2.3|1.3
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="compand"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.30 compand<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#compand" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-compand" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Compress or expand the audio’s dynamic range.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>attacks</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>decays</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A list of times in seconds for each channel over which the instantaneous level
of the input signal is averaged to determine its volume. <var>attacks</var> refers to
increase of volume and <var>decays</var> refers to decrease of volume. For most
situations, the attack time (response to the audio getting louder) should be
shorter than the decay time, because the human ear is more sensitive to sudden
loud audio than sudden soft audio. A typical value for attack is 0.3 seconds and
a typical value for decay is 0.8 seconds.
If specified number of attacks & decays is lower than number of channels, the last
set attack/decay will be used for all remaining channels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>points</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A list of points for the transfer function, specified in dB relative to the
maximum possible signal amplitude. Each key points list must be defined using
the following syntax: <code>x0/y0|x1/y1|x2/y2|....</code> or
<code>x0/y0 x1/y1 x2/y2 ....</code>
</p>
<p>The input values must be in strictly increasing order but the transfer function
does not have to be monotonically rising. The point <code>0/0</code> is assumed but
may be overridden (by <code>0/out-dBn</code>). Typical values for the transfer
function are <code>-70/-70|-60/-20</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>soft-knee</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the curve radius in dB for all joints. It defaults to 0.01.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the additional gain in dB to be applied at all points on the transfer
function. This allows for easy adjustment of the overall gain.
It defaults to 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>volume</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set an initial volume, in dB, to be assumed for each channel when filtering
starts. This permits the user to supply a nominal level initially, so that, for
example, a very large gain is not applied to initial signal levels before the
companding has begun to operate. A typical value for audio which is initially
quiet is -90 dB. It defaults to 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>delay</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set a delay, in seconds. The input audio is analyzed immediately, but audio is
delayed before being fed to the volume adjuster. Specifying a delay
approximately equal to the attack/decay times allows the filter to effectively
operate in predictive rather than reactive mode. It defaults to 0.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-23"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.30.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-23" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-23" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Make music with both quiet and loud passages suitable for listening to in a
noisy environment:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">compand=.3|.3:1|1:-90/-60|-60/-40|-40/-30|-20/-20:6:0:-90:0.2
</pre></div>
<p>Another example for audio with whisper and explosion parts:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">compand=0|0:1|1:-90/-900|-70/-70|-30/-9|0/-3:6:0:0:0
</pre></div>
</li><li> A noise gate for when the noise is at a lower level than the signal:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">compand=.1|.1:.2|.2:-900/-900|-50.1/-900|-50/-50:.01:0:-90:.1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Here is another noise gate, this time for when the noise is at a higher level
than the signal (making it, in some ways, similar to squelch):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">compand=.1|.1:.1|.1:-45.1/-45.1|-45/-900|0/-900:.01:45:-90:.1
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="dcshift"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.31 dcshift<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dcshift" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dcshift" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a DC shift to the audio.
</p>
<p>This can be useful to remove a DC offset (caused perhaps by a hardware problem
in the recording chain) from the audio. The effect of a DC offset is reduced
headroom and hence volume. The <a href="#astats">astats</a> filter can be used to determine if
a signal has a DC offset.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>shift</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the DC shift, allowed range is [-1, 1]. It indicates the amount to shift
the audio.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>limitergain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Optional. It should have a value much less than 1 (e.g. 0.05 or 0.02) and is
used to prevent clipping.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="dynaudnorm"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.32 dynaudnorm<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dynaudnorm" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dynaudnorm" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Dynamic Audio Normalizer.
</p>
<p>This filter applies a certain amount of gain to the input audio in order
to bring its peak magnitude to a target level (e.g. 0 dBFS). However, in
contrast to more "simple" normalization algorithms, the Dynamic Audio
Normalizer *dynamically* re-adjusts the gain factor to the input audio.
This allows for applying extra gain to the "quiet" sections of the audio
while avoiding distortions or clipping the "loud" sections. In other words:
The Dynamic Audio Normalizer will "even out" the volume of quiet and loud
sections, in the sense that the volume of each section is brought to the
same target level. Note, however, that the Dynamic Audio Normalizer achieves
this goal *without* applying "dynamic range compressing". It will retain 100%
of the dynamic range *within* each section of the audio file.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frame length in milliseconds. In range from 10 to 8000 milliseconds.
Default is 500 milliseconds.
The Dynamic Audio Normalizer processes the input audio in small chunks,
referred to as frames. This is required, because a peak magnitude has no
meaning for just a single sample value. Instead, we need to determine the
peak magnitude for a contiguous sequence of sample values. While a "standard"
normalizer would simply use the peak magnitude of the complete file, the
Dynamic Audio Normalizer determines the peak magnitude individually for each
frame. The length of a frame is specified in milliseconds. By default, the
Dynamic Audio Normalizer uses a frame length of 500 milliseconds, which has
been found to give good results with most files.
Note that the exact frame length, in number of samples, will be determined
automatically, based on the sampling rate of the individual input audio file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>g</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the Gaussian filter window size. In range from 3 to 301, must be odd
number. Default is 31.
Probably the most important parameter of the Dynamic Audio Normalizer is the
<code>window size</code> of the Gaussian smoothing filter. The filter’s window size
is specified in frames, centered around the current frame. For the sake of
simplicity, this must be an odd number. Consequently, the default value of 31
takes into account the current frame, as well as the 15 preceding frames and
the 15 subsequent frames. Using a larger window results in a stronger
smoothing effect and thus in less gain variation, i.e. slower gain
adaptation. Conversely, using a smaller window results in a weaker smoothing
effect and thus in more gain variation, i.e. faster gain adaptation.
In other words, the more you increase this value, the more the Dynamic Audio
Normalizer will behave like a "traditional" normalization filter. On the
contrary, the more you decrease this value, the more the Dynamic Audio
Normalizer will behave like a dynamic range compressor.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>p</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the target peak value. This specifies the highest permissible magnitude
level for the normalized audio input. This filter will try to approach the
target peak magnitude as closely as possible, but at the same time it also
makes sure that the normalized signal will never exceed the peak magnitude.
A frame’s maximum local gain factor is imposed directly by the target peak
magnitude. The default value is 0.95 and thus leaves a headroom of 5%*.
It is not recommended to go above this value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>m</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum gain factor. In range from 1.0 to 100.0. Default is 10.0.
The Dynamic Audio Normalizer determines the maximum possible (local) gain
factor for each input frame, i.e. the maximum gain factor that does not
result in clipping or distortion. The maximum gain factor is determined by
the frame’s highest magnitude sample. However, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer
additionally bounds the frame’s maximum gain factor by a predetermined
(global) maximum gain factor. This is done in order to avoid excessive gain
factors in "silent" or almost silent frames. By default, the maximum gain
factor is 10.0, For most inputs the default value should be sufficient and
it usually is not recommended to increase this value. Though, for input
with an extremely low overall volume level, it may be necessary to allow even
higher gain factors. Note, however, that the Dynamic Audio Normalizer does
not simply apply a "hard" threshold (i.e. cut off values above the threshold).
Instead, a "sigmoid" threshold function will be applied. This way, the
gain factors will smoothly approach the threshold value, but never exceed that
value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the target RMS. In range from 0.0 to 1.0. Default is 0.0 - disabled.
By default, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer performs "peak" normalization.
This means that the maximum local gain factor for each frame is defined
(only) by the frame’s highest magnitude sample. This way, the samples can
be amplified as much as possible without exceeding the maximum signal
level, i.e. without clipping. Optionally, however, the Dynamic Audio
Normalizer can also take into account the frame’s root mean square,
abbreviated RMS. In electrical engineering, the RMS is commonly used to
determine the power of a time-varying signal. It is therefore considered
that the RMS is a better approximation of the "perceived loudness" than
just looking at the signal’s peak magnitude. Consequently, by adjusting all
frames to a constant RMS value, a uniform "perceived loudness" can be
established. If a target RMS value has been specified, a frame’s local gain
factor is defined as the factor that would result in exactly that RMS value.
Note, however, that the maximum local gain factor is still restricted by the
frame’s highest magnitude sample, in order to prevent clipping.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable channels coupling. By default is enabled.
By default, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer will amplify all channels by the same
amount. This means the same gain factor will be applied to all channels, i.e.
the maximum possible gain factor is determined by the "loudest" channel.
However, in some recordings, it may happen that the volume of the different
channels is uneven, e.g. one channel may be "quieter" than the other one(s).
In this case, this option can be used to disable the channel coupling. This way,
the gain factor will be determined independently for each channel, depending
only on the individual channel’s highest magnitude sample. This allows for
harmonizing the volume of the different channels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable DC bias correction. By default is disabled.
An audio signal (in the time domain) is a sequence of sample values.
In the Dynamic Audio Normalizer these sample values are represented in the
-1.0 to 1.0 range, regardless of the original input format. Normally, the
audio signal, or "waveform", should be centered around the zero point.
That means if we calculate the mean value of all samples in a file, or in a
single frame, then the result should be 0.0 or at least very close to that
value. If, however, there is a significant deviation of the mean value from
0.0, in either positive or negative direction, this is referred to as a
DC bias or DC offset. Since a DC bias is clearly undesirable, the Dynamic
Audio Normalizer provides optional DC bias correction.
With DC bias correction enabled, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer will determine
the mean value, or "DC correction" offset, of each input frame and subtract
that value from all of the frame’s sample values which ensures those samples
are centered around 0.0 again. Also, in order to avoid "gaps" at the frame
boundaries, the DC correction offset values will be interpolated smoothly
between neighbouring frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable alternative boundary mode. By default is disabled.
The Dynamic Audio Normalizer takes into account a certain neighbourhood
around each frame. This includes the preceding frames as well as the
subsequent frames. However, for the "boundary" frames, located at the very
beginning and at the very end of the audio file, not all neighbouring
frames are available. In particular, for the first few frames in the audio
file, the preceding frames are not known. And, similarly, for the last few
frames in the audio file, the subsequent frames are not known. Thus, the
question arises which gain factors should be assumed for the missing frames
in the "boundary" region. The Dynamic Audio Normalizer implements two modes
to deal with this situation. The default boundary mode assumes a gain factor
of exactly 1.0 for the missing frames, resulting in a smooth "fade in" and
"fade out" at the beginning and at the end of the input, respectively.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the compress factor. In range from 0.0 to 30.0. Default is 0.0.
By default, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer does not apply "traditional"
compression. This means that signal peaks will not be pruned and thus the
full dynamic range will be retained within each local neighbourhood. However,
in some cases it may be desirable to combine the Dynamic Audio Normalizer’s
normalization algorithm with a more "traditional" compression.
For this purpose, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer provides an optional compression
(thresholding) function. If (and only if) the compression feature is enabled,
all input frames will be processed by a soft knee thresholding function prior
to the actual normalization process. Put simply, the thresholding function is
going to prune all samples whose magnitude exceeds a certain threshold value.
However, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer does not simply apply a fixed threshold
value. Instead, the threshold value will be adjusted for each individual
frame.
In general, smaller parameters result in stronger compression, and vice versa.
Values below 3.0 are not recommended, because audible distortion may appear.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="earwax"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.33 earwax<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#earwax" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-earwax" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Make audio easier to listen to on headphones.
</p>
<p>This filter adds ‘cues’ to 44.1kHz stereo (i.e. audio CD format) audio
so that when listened to on headphones the stereo image is moved from
inside your head (standard for headphones) to outside and in front of
the listener (standard for speakers).
</p>
<p>Ported from SoX.
</p>
<a name="equalizer"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.34 equalizer<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#equalizer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-equalizer" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a two-pole peaking equalisation (EQ) filter. With this
filter, the signal-level at and around a selected frequency can
be increased or decreased, whilst (unlike bandpass and bandreject
filters) that at all other frequencies is unchanged.
</p>
<p>In order to produce complex equalisation curves, this filter can
be given several times, each with a different central frequency.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filter’s central frequency in Hz.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set method to specify band-width of filter.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Hz
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>q</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Q-Factor
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>o</samp></dt>
<dd><p>octave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>slope
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gain, g</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the required gain or attenuation in dB.
Beware of clipping when using a positive gain.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-24"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.34.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-24" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-24" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Attenuate 10 dB at 1000 Hz, with a bandwidth of 200 Hz:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">equalizer=f=1000:width_type=h:width=200:g=-10
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply 2 dB gain at 1000 Hz with Q 1 and attenuate 5 dB at 100 Hz with Q 2:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">equalizer=f=1000:width_type=q:width=1:g=2,equalizer=f=100:width_type=q:width=2:g=-5
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="flanger"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.35 flanger<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#flanger" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-flanger" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a flanging effect to the audio.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>delay</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set base delay in milliseconds. Range from 0 to 30. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>depth</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set added swep delay in milliseconds. Range from 0 to 10. Default value is 2.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>regen</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set percentage regeneration (delayed signal feedback). Range from -95 to 95.
Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set percentage of delayed signal mixed with original. Range from 0 to 100.
Default value is 71.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>speed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set sweeps per second (Hz). Range from 0.1 to 10. Default value is 0.5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>shape</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set swept wave shape, can be <var>triangular</var> or <var>sinusoidal</var>.
Default value is <var>sinusoidal</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>phase</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set swept wave percentage-shift for multi channel. Range from 0 to 100.
Default value is 25.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>interp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set delay-line interpolation, <var>linear</var> or <var>quadratic</var>.
Default is <var>linear</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="highpass"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.36 highpass<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#highpass" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-highpass" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a high-pass filter with 3dB point frequency.
The filter can be either single-pole, or double-pole (the default).
The filter roll off at 6dB per pole per octave (20dB per pole per decade).
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frequency in Hz. Default is 3000.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>poles, p</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of poles. Default is 2.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set method to specify band-width of filter.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Hz
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>q</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Q-Factor
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>o</samp></dt>
<dd><p>octave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>slope
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
Applies only to double-pole filter.
The default is 0.707q and gives a Butterworth response.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="join"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.37 join<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#join" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-join" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Join multiple input streams into one multi-channel stream.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>inputs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of input streams. It defaults to 2.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channel_layout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The desired output channel layout. It defaults to stereo.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>map</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Map channels from inputs to output. The argument is a ’|’-separated list of
mappings, each in the <code><var>input_idx</var>.<var>in_channel</var>-<var>out_channel</var></code>
form. <var>input_idx</var> is the 0-based index of the input stream. <var>in_channel</var>
can be either the name of the input channel (e.g. FL for front left) or its
index in the specified input stream. <var>out_channel</var> is the name of the output
channel.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The filter will attempt to guess the mappings when they are not specified
explicitly. It does so by first trying to find an unused matching input channel
and if that fails it picks the first unused input channel.
</p>
<p>Join 3 inputs (with properly set channel layouts):
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex join=inputs=3 OUTPUT
</pre></div>
<p>Build a 5.1 output from 6 single-channel streams:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i fl -i fr -i fc -i sl -i sr -i lfe -filter_complex
'join=inputs=6:channel_layout=5.1:map=0.0-FL|1.0-FR|2.0-FC|3.0-SL|4.0-SR|5.0-LFE'
out
</pre></div>
<a name="ladspa"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.38 ladspa<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ladspa" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ladspa" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Load a LADSPA (Linux Audio Developer’s Simple Plugin API) plugin.
</p>
<p>To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
<code>--enable-ladspa</code>.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>file, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the name of LADSPA plugin library to load. If the environment
variable <code>LADSPA_PATH</code> is defined, the LADSPA plugin is searched in
each one of the directories specified by the colon separated list in
<code>LADSPA_PATH</code>, otherwise in the standard LADSPA paths, which are in
this order: <samp>HOME/.ladspa/lib/</samp>, <samp>/usr/local/lib/ladspa/</samp>,
<samp>/usr/lib/ladspa/</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>plugin, p</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the plugin within the library. Some libraries contain only
one plugin, but others contain many of them. If this is not set filter
will list all available plugins within the specified library.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>controls, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the ’|’ separated list of controls which are zero or more floating point
values that determine the behavior of the loaded plugin (for example delay,
threshold or gain).
Controls need to be defined using the following syntax:
c0=<var>value0</var>|c1=<var>value1</var>|c2=<var>value2</var>|..., where
<var>valuei</var> is the value set on the <var>i</var>-th control.
If <samp>controls</samp> is set to <code>help</code>, all available controls and
their valid ranges are printed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the sample rate, default to 44100. Only used if plugin have
zero inputs.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_samples, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of samples per channel per each output frame, default
is 1024. Only used if plugin have zero inputs.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the minimum duration of the sourced audio. See
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the accepted syntax.
Note that the resulting duration may be greater than the specified duration,
as the generated audio is always cut at the end of a complete frame.
If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the audio is
supposed to be generated forever.
Only used if plugin have zero inputs.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-25"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.38.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-25" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-25" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> List all available plugins within amp (LADSPA example plugin) library:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ladspa=file=amp
</pre></div>
</li><li> List all available controls and their valid ranges for <code>vcf_notch</code>
plugin from <code>VCF</code> library:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ladspa=f=vcf:p=vcf_notch:c=help
</pre></div>
</li><li> Simulate low quality audio equipment using <code>Computer Music Toolkit</code> (CMT)
plugin library:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ladspa=file=cmt:plugin=lofi:controls=c0=22|c1=12|c2=12
</pre></div>
</li><li> Add reverberation to the audio using TAP-plugins
(Tom’s Audio Processing plugins):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ladspa=file=tap_reverb:tap_reverb
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate white noise, with 0.2 amplitude:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ladspa=file=cmt:noise_source_white:c=c0=.2
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate 20 bpm clicks using plugin <code>C* Click - Metronome</code> from the
<code>C* Audio Plugin Suite</code> (CAPS) library:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ladspa=file=caps:Click:c=c1=20'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply <code>C* Eq10X2 - Stereo 10-band equaliser</code> effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ladspa=caps:Eq10X2:c=c0=-48|c9=-24|c3=12|c4=2
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="Commands"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.38.2 Commands<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>This filter supports the following commands:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>cN</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Modify the <var>N</var>-th control value.
</p>
<p>If the specified value is not valid, it is ignored and prior one is kept.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="lowpass"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.39 lowpass<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#lowpass" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-lowpass" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a low-pass filter with 3dB point frequency.
The filter can be either single-pole or double-pole (the default).
The filter roll off at 6dB per pole per octave (20dB per pole per decade).
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frequency in Hz. Default is 500.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>poles, p</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of poles. Default is 2.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set method to specify band-width of filter.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Hz
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>q</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Q-Factor
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>o</samp></dt>
<dd><p>octave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>slope
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
Applies only to double-pole filter.
The default is 0.707q and gives a Butterworth response.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="pan"></a><a name="pan-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.40 pan<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#pan-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-pan-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Mix channels with specific gain levels. The filter accepts the output
channel layout followed by a set of channels definitions.
</p>
<p>This filter is also designed to efficiently remap the channels of an audio
stream.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts parameters of the form:
"<var>l</var>|<var>outdef</var>|<var>outdef</var>|..."
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>l</samp></dt>
<dd><p>output channel layout or number of channels
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>outdef</samp></dt>
<dd><p>output channel specification, of the form:
"<var>out_name</var>=[<var>gain</var>*]<var>in_name</var>[+[<var>gain</var>*]<var>in_name</var>...]"
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>output channel to define, either a channel name (FL, FR, etc.) or a channel
number (c0, c1, etc.)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>multiplicative coefficient for the channel, 1 leaving the volume unchanged
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>in_name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>input channel to use, see out_name for details; it is not possible to mix
named and numbered input channels
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If the ‘=’ in a channel specification is replaced by ‘<’, then the gains for
that specification will be renormalized so that the total is 1, thus
avoiding clipping noise.
</p>
<a name="Mixing-examples"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.40.1 Mixing examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Mixing-examples" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Mixing-examples" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>For example, if you want to down-mix from stereo to mono, but with a bigger
factor for the left channel:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">pan=1c|c0=0.9*c0+0.1*c1
</pre></div>
<p>A customized down-mix to stereo that works automatically for 3-, 4-, 5- and
7-channels surround:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">pan=stereo| FL < FL + 0.5*FC + 0.6*BL + 0.6*SL | FR < FR + 0.5*FC + 0.6*BR + 0.6*SR
</pre></div>
<p>Note that <code>ffmpeg</code> integrates a default down-mix (and up-mix) system
that should be preferred (see "-ac" option) unless you have very specific
needs.
</p>
<a name="Remapping-examples"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.40.2 Remapping examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Remapping-examples" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Remapping-examples" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The channel remapping will be effective if, and only if:
</p>
<ul>
<li> gain coefficients are zeroes or ones,
</li><li> only one input per channel output,
</li></ul>
<p>If all these conditions are satisfied, the filter will notify the user ("Pure
channel mapping detected"), and use an optimized and lossless method to do the
remapping.
</p>
<p>For example, if you have a 5.1 source and want a stereo audio stream by
dropping the extra channels:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">pan="stereo| c0=FL | c1=FR"
</pre></div>
<p>Given the same source, you can also switch front left and front right channels
and keep the input channel layout:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">pan="5.1| c0=c1 | c1=c0 | c2=c2 | c3=c3 | c4=c4 | c5=c5"
</pre></div>
<p>If the input is a stereo audio stream, you can mute the front left channel (and
still keep the stereo channel layout) with:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">pan="stereo|c1=c1"
</pre></div>
<p>Still with a stereo audio stream input, you can copy the right channel in both
front left and right:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">pan="stereo| c0=FR | c1=FR"
</pre></div>
<a name="replaygain"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.41 replaygain<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#replaygain" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-replaygain" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>ReplayGain scanner filter. This filter takes an audio stream as an input and
outputs it unchanged.
At end of filtering it displays <code>track_gain</code> and <code>track_peak</code>.
</p>
<a name="resample"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.42 resample<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#resample" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-resample" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert the audio sample format, sample rate and channel layout. It is
not meant to be used directly.
</p>
<a name="sidechaincompress"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.43 sidechaincompress<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#sidechaincompress" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-sidechaincompress" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>This filter acts like normal compressor but has the ability to compress
detected signal using second input signal.
It needs two input streams and returns one output stream.
First input stream will be processed depending on second stream signal.
The filtered signal then can be filtered with other filters in later stages of
processing. See <a href="#pan">pan</a> and <a href="#amerge">amerge</a> filter.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>threshold</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If a signal of second stream raises above this level it will affect the gain
reduction of first stream.
By default is 0.125. Range is between 0.00097563 and 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ratio</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set a ratio about which the signal is reduced. 1:2 means that if the level
raised 4dB above the threshold, it will be only 2dB above after the reduction.
Default is 2. Range is between 1 and 20.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>attack</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Amount of milliseconds the signal has to rise above the threshold before gain
reduction starts. Default is 20. Range is between 0.01 and 2000.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>release</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Amount of milliseconds the signal has to fall below the threshold before
reduction is decreased again. Default is 250. Range is between 0.01 and 9000.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>makeup</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the amount by how much signal will be amplified after processing.
Default is 2. Range is from 1 and 64.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>knee</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Curve the sharp knee around the threshold to enter gain reduction more softly.
Default is 2.82843. Range is between 1 and 8.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>link</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Choose if the <code>average</code> level between all channels of side-chain stream
or the louder(<code>maximum</code>) channel of side-chain stream affects the
reduction. Default is <code>average</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>detection</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Should the exact signal be taken in case of <code>peak</code> or an RMS one in case
of <code>rms</code>. Default is <code>rms</code> which is mainly smoother.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-26"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.43.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-26" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-26" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Full ffmpeg example taking 2 audio inputs, 1st input to be compressed
depending on the signal of 2nd input and later compressed signal to be
merged with 2nd input:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i main.flac -i sidechain.flac -filter_complex "[1:a]asplit=2[sc][mix];[0:a][sc]sidechaincompress[compr];[compr][mix]amerge"
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="silencedetect"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.44 silencedetect<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#silencedetect" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-silencedetect" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Detect silence in an audio stream.
</p>
<p>This filter logs a message when it detects that the input audio volume is less
or equal to a noise tolerance value for a duration greater or equal to the
minimum detected noise duration.
</p>
<p>The printed times and duration are expressed in seconds.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set silence duration until notification (default is 2 seconds).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>noise, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set noise tolerance. Can be specified in dB (in case "dB" is appended to the
specified value) or amplitude ratio. Default is -60dB, or 0.001.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-27"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.44.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-27" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-27" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Detect 5 seconds of silence with -50dB noise tolerance:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">silencedetect=n=-50dB:d=5
</pre></div>
</li><li> Complete example with <code>ffmpeg</code> to detect silence with 0.0001 noise
tolerance in <samp>silence.mp3</samp>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i silence.mp3 -af silencedetect=noise=0.0001 -f null -
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="silenceremove"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.45 silenceremove<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#silenceremove" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-silenceremove" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Remove silence from the beginning, middle or end of the audio.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>start_periods</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This value is used to indicate if audio should be trimmed at beginning of
the audio. A value of zero indicates no silence should be trimmed from the
beginning. When specifying a non-zero value, it trims audio up until it
finds non-silence. Normally, when trimming silence from beginning of audio
the <var>start_periods</var> will be <code>1</code> but it can be increased to higher
values to trim all audio up to specific count of non-silence periods.
Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_duration</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the amount of time that non-silence must be detected before it stops
trimming audio. By increasing the duration, bursts of noises can be treated
as silence and trimmed off. Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_threshold</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This indicates what sample value should be treated as silence. For digital
audio, a value of <code>0</code> may be fine but for audio recorded from analog,
you may wish to increase the value to account for background noise.
Can be specified in dB (in case "dB" is appended to the specified value)
or amplitude ratio. Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stop_periods</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the count for trimming silence from the end of audio.
To remove silence from the middle of a file, specify a <var>stop_periods</var>
that is negative. This value is then treated as a positive value and is
used to indicate the effect should restart processing as specified by
<var>start_periods</var>, making it suitable for removing periods of silence
in the middle of the audio.
Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stop_duration</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify a duration of silence that must exist before audio is not copied any
more. By specifying a higher duration, silence that is wanted can be left in
the audio.
Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stop_threshold</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This is the same as <samp>start_threshold</samp> but for trimming silence from
the end of audio.
Can be specified in dB (in case "dB" is appended to the specified value)
or amplitude ratio. Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>leave_silence</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This indicate that <var>stop_duration</var> length of audio should be left intact
at the beginning of each period of silence.
For example, if you want to remove long pauses between words but do not want
to remove the pauses completely. Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-28"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.45.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-28" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-28" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> The following example shows how this filter can be used to start a recording
that does not contain the delay at the start which usually occurs between
pressing the record button and the start of the performance:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">silenceremove=1:5:0.02
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="treble"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.46 treble<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#treble" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-treble" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Boost or cut treble (upper) frequencies of the audio using a two-pole
shelving filter with a response similar to that of a standard
hi-fi’s tone-controls. This is also known as shelving equalisation (EQ).
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>gain, g</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Give the gain at whichever is the lower of ~22 kHz and the
Nyquist frequency. Its useful range is about -20 (for a large cut)
to +20 (for a large boost). Beware of clipping when using a positive gain.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>frequency, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filter’s central frequency and so can be used
to extend or reduce the frequency range to be boosted or cut.
The default value is <code>3000</code> Hz.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width_type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set method to specify band-width of filter.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Hz
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>q</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Q-Factor
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>o</samp></dt>
<dd><p>octave
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>slope
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Determine how steep is the filter’s shelf transition.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="volume"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.47 volume<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#volume" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-volume" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Adjust the input audio volume.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>volume</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set audio volume expression.
</p>
<p>Output values are clipped to the maximum value.
</p>
<p>The output audio volume is given by the relation:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>output_volume</var> = <var>volume</var> * <var>input_volume</var>
</pre></div>
<p>The default value for <var>volume</var> is "1.0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>precision</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This parameter represents the mathematical precision.
</p>
<p>It determines which input sample formats will be allowed, which affects the
precision of the volume scaling.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>fixed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>8-bit fixed-point; this limits input sample format to U8, S16, and S32.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>float</samp></dt>
<dd><p>32-bit floating-point; this limits input sample format to FLT. (default)
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>double</samp></dt>
<dd><p>64-bit floating-point; this limits input sample format to DBL.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>replaygain</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Choose the behaviour on encountering ReplayGain side data in input frames.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>drop</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Remove ReplayGain side data, ignoring its contents (the default).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ignore</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Ignore ReplayGain side data, but leave it in the frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>track</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Prefer the track gain, if present.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>album</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Prefer the album gain, if present.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>replaygain_preamp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Pre-amplification gain in dB to apply to the selected replaygain gain.
</p>
<p>Default value for <var>replaygain_preamp</var> is 0.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>eval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set when the volume expression is evaluated.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>once</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>only evaluate expression once during the filter initialization, or
when the ‘<samp>volume</samp>’ command is sent
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>frame</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>evaluate expression for each incoming frame
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>once</samp>’.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The volume expression can contain the following parameters.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>frame number (starting at zero)
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>nb_channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>number of channels
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>nb_consumed_samples</samp></dt>
<dd><p>number of samples consumed by the filter
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>nb_samples</samp></dt>
<dd><p>number of samples in the current frame
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>pos</samp></dt>
<dd><p>original frame position in the file
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>frame PTS
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>sample rate
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>startpts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>PTS at start of stream
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>startt</samp></dt>
<dd><p>time at start of stream
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>frame time
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>tb</samp></dt>
<dd><p>timestamp timebase
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>volume</samp></dt>
<dd><p>last set volume value
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Note that when <samp>eval</samp> is set to ‘<samp>once</samp>’ only the
<var>sample_rate</var> and <var>tb</var> variables are available, all other
variables will evaluate to NAN.
</p>
<a name="Commands-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.47.1 Commands<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>This filter supports the following commands:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>volume</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Modify the volume expression.
The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
</p>
<p>If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
value.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>replaygain_noclip</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Prevent clipping by limiting the gain applied.
</p>
<p>Default value for <var>replaygain_noclip</var> is 1.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-29"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.47.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-29" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-29" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Halve the input audio volume:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">volume=volume=0.5
volume=volume=1/2
volume=volume=-6.0206dB
</pre></div>
<p>In all the above example the named key for <samp>volume</samp> can be
omitted, for example like in:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">volume=0.5
</pre></div>
</li><li> Increase input audio power by 6 decibels using fixed-point precision:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">volume=volume=6dB:precision=fixed
</pre></div>
</li><li> Fade volume after time 10 with an annihilation period of 5 seconds:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">volume='if(lt(t,10),1,max(1-(t-10)/5,0))':eval=frame
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="volumedetect"></a>
<h3 class="section">25.48 volumedetect<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#volumedetect" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-volumedetect" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Detect the volume of the input video.
</p>
<p>The filter has no parameters. The input is not modified. Statistics about
the volume will be printed in the log when the input stream end is reached.
</p>
<p>In particular it will show the mean volume (root mean square), maximum
volume (on a per-sample basis), and the beginning of a histogram of the
registered volume values (from the maximum value to a cumulated 1/1000 of
the samples).
</p>
<p>All volumes are in decibels relative to the maximum PCM value.
</p>
<a name="Examples-30"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">25.48.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-30" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-30" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Here is an excerpt of the output:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">[Parsed_volumedetect_0 0xa23120] mean_volume: -27 dB
[Parsed_volumedetect_0 0xa23120] max_volume: -4 dB
[Parsed_volumedetect_0 0xa23120] histogram_4db: 6
[Parsed_volumedetect_0 0xa23120] histogram_5db: 62
[Parsed_volumedetect_0 0xa23120] histogram_6db: 286
[Parsed_volumedetect_0 0xa23120] histogram_7db: 1042
[Parsed_volumedetect_0 0xa23120] histogram_8db: 2551
[Parsed_volumedetect_0 0xa23120] histogram_9db: 4609
[Parsed_volumedetect_0 0xa23120] histogram_10db: 8409
</pre></div>
<p>It means that:
</p><ul>
<li> The mean square energy is approximately -27 dB, or 10^-2.7.
</li><li> The largest sample is at -4 dB, or more precisely between -4 dB and -5 dB.
</li><li> There are 6 samples at -4 dB, 62 at -5 dB, 286 at -6 dB, etc.
</li></ul>
<p>In other words, raising the volume by +4 dB does not cause any clipping,
raising it by +5 dB causes clipping for 6 samples, etc.
</p>
<a name="Audio-Sources"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">26 Audio Sources<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Audio-Sources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Audio-Sources" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Below is a description of the currently available audio sources.
</p>
<a name="abuffer"></a>
<h3 class="section">26.1 abuffer<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#abuffer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-abuffer" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Buffer audio frames, and make them available to the filter chain.
</p>
<p>This source is mainly intended for a programmatic use, in particular
through the interface defined in <samp>libavfilter/asrc_abuffer.h</samp>.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>time_base</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The timebase which will be used for timestamps of submitted frames. It must be
either a floating-point number or in <var>numerator</var>/<var>denominator</var> form.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The sample rate of the incoming audio buffers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_fmt</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The sample format of the incoming audio buffers.
Either a sample format name or its corresponding integer representation from
the enum AVSampleFormat in <samp>libavutil/samplefmt.h</samp>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channel_layout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The channel layout of the incoming audio buffers.
Either a channel layout name from channel_layout_map in
<samp>libavutil/channel_layout.c</samp> or its corresponding integer representation
from the AV_CH_LAYOUT_* macros in <samp>libavutil/channel_layout.h</samp>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of channels of the incoming audio buffers.
If both <var>channels</var> and <var>channel_layout</var> are specified, then they
must be consistent.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-31"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">26.1.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-31" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-31" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">abuffer=sample_rate=44100:sample_fmt=s16p:channel_layout=stereo
</pre></div>
<p>will instruct the source to accept planar 16bit signed stereo at 44100Hz.
Since the sample format with name "s16p" corresponds to the number
6 and the "stereo" channel layout corresponds to the value 0x3, this is
equivalent to:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">abuffer=sample_rate=44100:sample_fmt=6:channel_layout=0x3
</pre></div>
<a name="aevalsrc"></a>
<h3 class="section">26.2 aevalsrc<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#aevalsrc" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-aevalsrc" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Generate an audio signal specified by an expression.
</p>
<p>This source accepts in input one or more expressions (one for each
channel), which are evaluated and used to generate a corresponding
audio signal.
</p>
<p>This source accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>exprs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the ’|’-separated expressions list for each separate channel. In case the
<samp>channel_layout</samp> option is not specified, the selected channel layout
depends on the number of provided expressions. Otherwise the last
specified expression is applied to the remaining output channels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>channel_layout, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the channel layout. The number of channels in the specified layout
must be equal to the number of specified expressions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the minimum duration of the sourced audio. See
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the accepted syntax.
Note that the resulting duration may be greater than the specified
duration, as the generated audio is always cut at the end of a
complete frame.
</p>
<p>If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the audio is
supposed to be generated forever.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_samples, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of samples per channel per each output frame,
default to 1024.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the sample rate, default to 44100.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Each expression in <var>exprs</var> can contain the following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>number of the evaluated sample, starting from 0
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>time of the evaluated sample expressed in seconds, starting from 0
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>sample rate
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-32"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">26.2.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-32" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-32" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Generate silence:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aevalsrc=0
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate a sin signal with frequency of 440 Hz, set sample rate to
8000 Hz:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aevalsrc="sin(440*2*PI*t):s=8000"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate a two channels signal, specify the channel layout (Front
Center + Back Center) explicitly:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aevalsrc="sin(420*2*PI*t)|cos(430*2*PI*t):c=FC|BC"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate white noise:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aevalsrc="-2+random(0)"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate an amplitude modulated signal:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aevalsrc="sin(10*2*PI*t)*sin(880*2*PI*t)"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate 2.5 Hz binaural beats on a 360 Hz carrier:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aevalsrc="0.1*sin(2*PI*(360-2.5/2)*t) | 0.1*sin(2*PI*(360+2.5/2)*t)"
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="anullsrc"></a>
<h3 class="section">26.3 anullsrc<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#anullsrc" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-anullsrc" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The null audio source, return unprocessed audio frames. It is mainly useful
as a template and to be employed in analysis / debugging tools, or as
the source for filters which ignore the input data (for example the sox
synth filter).
</p>
<p>This source accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>channel_layout, cl</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies the channel layout, and can be either an integer or a string
representing a channel layout. The default value of <var>channel_layout</var>
is "stereo".
</p>
<p>Check the channel_layout_map definition in
<samp>libavutil/channel_layout.c</samp> for the mapping between strings and
channel layout values.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the sample rate, and defaults to 44100.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_samples, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of samples per requested frames.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-33"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">26.3.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-33" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-33" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Set the sample rate to 48000 Hz and the channel layout to AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">anullsrc=r=48000:cl=4
</pre></div>
</li><li> Do the same operation with a more obvious syntax:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">anullsrc=r=48000:cl=mono
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<p>All the parameters need to be explicitly defined.
</p>
<a name="flite"></a>
<h3 class="section">26.4 flite<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#flite" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-flite" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Synthesize a voice utterance using the libflite library.
</p>
<p>To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
<code>--enable-libflite</code>.
</p>
<p>Note that the flite library is not thread-safe.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>list_voices</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, list the names of the available voices and exit
immediately. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_samples, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum number of samples per frame. Default value is 512.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>textfile</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filename containing the text to speak.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>text</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the text to speak.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>voice, v</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the voice to use for the speech synthesis. Default value is
<code>kal</code>. See also the <var>list_voices</var> option.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-34"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">26.4.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-34" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-34" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Read from file <samp>speech.txt</samp>, and synthesize the text using the
standard flite voice:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">flite=textfile=speech.txt
</pre></div>
</li><li> Read the specified text selecting the <code>slt</code> voice:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">flite=text='So fare thee well, poor devil of a Sub-Sub, whose commentator I am':voice=slt
</pre></div>
</li><li> Input text to ffmpeg:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f lavfi -i flite=text='So fare thee well, poor devil of a Sub-Sub, whose commentator I am':voice=slt
</pre></div>
</li><li> Make <samp>ffplay</samp> speak the specified text, using <code>flite</code> and
the <code>lavfi</code> device:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi flite=text='No more be grieved for which that thou hast done.'
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<p>For more information about libflite, check:
<a href="http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/flite/">http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/flite/</a>
</p>
<a name="sine"></a>
<h3 class="section">26.5 sine<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#sine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-sine" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Generate an audio signal made of a sine wave with amplitude 1/8.
</p>
<p>The audio signal is bit-exact.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the carrier frequency. Default is 440 Hz.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>beep_factor, b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable a periodic beep every second with frequency <var>beep_factor</var> times
the carrier frequency. Default is 0, meaning the beep is disabled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the sample rate, default is 44100.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the duration of the generated audio stream.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>samples_per_frame</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of samples per output frame, default is 1024.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-35"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">26.5.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-35" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-35" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Generate a simple 440 Hz sine wave:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">sine
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate a 220 Hz sine wave with a 880 Hz beep each second, for 5 seconds:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">sine=220:4:d=5
sine=f=220:b=4:d=5
sine=frequency=220:beep_factor=4:duration=5
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="Audio-Sinks"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">27 Audio Sinks<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Audio-Sinks" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Audio-Sinks" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Below is a description of the currently available audio sinks.
</p>
<a name="abuffersink"></a>
<h3 class="section">27.1 abuffersink<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#abuffersink" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-abuffersink" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Buffer audio frames, and make them available to the end of filter chain.
</p>
<p>This sink is mainly intended for programmatic use, in particular
through the interface defined in <samp>libavfilter/buffersink.h</samp>
or the options system.
</p>
<p>It accepts a pointer to an AVABufferSinkContext structure, which
defines the incoming buffers’ formats, to be passed as the opaque
parameter to <code>avfilter_init_filter</code> for initialization.
</p><a name="anullsink"></a>
<h3 class="section">27.2 anullsink<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#anullsink" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-anullsink" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Null audio sink; do absolutely nothing with the input audio. It is
mainly useful as a template and for use in analysis / debugging
tools.
</p>
<a name="Video-Filters"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">28 Video Filters<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Video-Filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Video-Filters" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>When you configure your FFmpeg build, you can disable any of the
existing filters using <code>--disable-filters</code>.
The configure output will show the video filters included in your
build.
</p>
<p>Below is a description of the currently available video filters.
</p>
<a name="alphaextract"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.1 alphaextract<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#alphaextract" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-alphaextract" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Extract the alpha component from the input as a grayscale video. This
is especially useful with the <var>alphamerge</var> filter.
</p>
<a name="alphamerge"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.2 alphamerge<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#alphamerge" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-alphamerge" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Add or replace the alpha component of the primary input with the
grayscale value of a second input. This is intended for use with
<var>alphaextract</var> to allow the transmission or storage of frame
sequences that have alpha in a format that doesn’t support an alpha
channel.
</p>
<p>For example, to reconstruct full frames from a normal YUV-encoded video
and a separate video created with <var>alphaextract</var>, you might use:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">movie=in_alpha.mkv [alpha]; [in][alpha] alphamerge [out]
</pre></div>
<p>Since this filter is designed for reconstruction, it operates on frame
sequences without considering timestamps, and terminates when either
input reaches end of stream. This will cause problems if your encoding
pipeline drops frames. If you’re trying to apply an image as an
overlay to a video stream, consider the <var>overlay</var> filter instead.
</p>
<a name="ass"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.3 ass<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ass" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ass" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Same as the <a href="#subtitles">subtitles</a> filter, except that it doesn’t require libavcodec
and libavformat to work. On the other hand, it is limited to ASS (Advanced
Substation Alpha) subtitles files.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following option in addition to the common options from
the <a href="#subtitles">subtitles</a> filter:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>shaping</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the shaping engine
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>The default libass shaping engine, which is the best available.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>simple</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Fast, font-agnostic shaper that can do only substitutions
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>complex</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Slower shaper using OpenType for substitutions and positioning
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The default is <code>auto</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="atadenoise"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.4 atadenoise<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#atadenoise" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-atadenoise" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply an Adaptive Temporal Averaging Denoiser to the video input.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>0a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set threshold A for 1st plane. Default is 0.02.
Valid range is 0 to 0.3.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>0b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set threshold B for 1st plane. Default is 0.04.
Valid range is 0 to 5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>1a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set threshold A for 2nd plane. Default is 0.02.
Valid range is 0 to 0.3.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>1b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set threshold B for 2nd plane. Default is 0.04.
Valid range is 0 to 5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>2a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set threshold A for 3rd plane. Default is 0.02.
Valid range is 0 to 0.3.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>2b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set threshold B for 3rd plane. Default is 0.04.
Valid range is 0 to 5.
</p>
<p>Threshold A is designed to react on abrupt changes in the input signal and
threshold B is designed to react on continuous changes in the input signal.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of frames filter will use for averaging. Default is 33. Must be odd
number in range [5, 129].
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="bbox"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.5 bbox<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#bbox" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-bbox" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Compute the bounding box for the non-black pixels in the input frame
luminance plane.
</p>
<p>This filter computes the bounding box containing all the pixels with a
luminance value greater than the minimum allowed value.
The parameters describing the bounding box are printed on the filter
log.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>min_val</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the minimal luminance value. Default is <code>16</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="blackdetect"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.6 blackdetect<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#blackdetect" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-blackdetect" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Detect video intervals that are (almost) completely black. Can be
useful to detect chapter transitions, commercials, or invalid
recordings. Output lines contains the time for the start, end and
duration of the detected black interval expressed in seconds.
</p>
<p>In order to display the output lines, you need to set the loglevel at
least to the AV_LOG_INFO value.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>black_min_duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the minimum detected black duration expressed in seconds. It must
be a non-negative floating point number.
</p>
<p>Default value is 2.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>picture_black_ratio_th, pic_th</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the threshold for considering a picture "black".
Express the minimum value for the ratio:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>nb_black_pixels</var> / <var>nb_pixels</var>
</pre></div>
<p>for which a picture is considered black.
Default value is 0.98.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pixel_black_th, pix_th</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the threshold for considering a pixel "black".
</p>
<p>The threshold expresses the maximum pixel luminance value for which a
pixel is considered "black". The provided value is scaled according to
the following equation:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>absolute_threshold</var> = <var>luminance_minimum_value</var> + <var>pixel_black_th</var> * <var>luminance_range_size</var>
</pre></div>
<p><var>luminance_range_size</var> and <var>luminance_minimum_value</var> depend on
the input video format, the range is [0-255] for YUV full-range
formats and [16-235] for YUV non full-range formats.
</p>
<p>Default value is 0.10.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The following example sets the maximum pixel threshold to the minimum
value, and detects only black intervals of 2 or more seconds:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">blackdetect=d=2:pix_th=0.00
</pre></div>
<a name="blackframe"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.7 blackframe<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#blackframe" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-blackframe" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Detect frames that are (almost) completely black. Can be useful to
detect chapter transitions or commercials. Output lines consist of
the frame number of the detected frame, the percentage of blackness,
the position in the file if known or -1 and the timestamp in seconds.
</p>
<p>In order to display the output lines, you need to set the loglevel at
least to the AV_LOG_INFO value.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>amount</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The percentage of the pixels that have to be below the threshold; it defaults to
<code>98</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>threshold, thresh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The threshold below which a pixel value is considered black; it defaults to
<code>32</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="blend_002c-tblend"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.8 blend, tblend<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#blend_002c-tblend" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-blend_002c-tblend" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Blend two video frames into each other.
</p>
<p>The <code>blend</code> filter takes two input streams and outputs one
stream, the first input is the "top" layer and second input is
"bottom" layer. Output terminates when shortest input terminates.
</p>
<p>The <code>tblend</code> (time blend) filter takes two consecutive frames
from one single stream, and outputs the result obtained by blending
the new frame on top of the old frame.
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted options follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>c0_mode</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c1_mode</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c2_mode</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c3_mode</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>all_mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set blend mode for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
of <var>all_mode</var>. Default value is <code>normal</code>.
</p>
<p>Available values for component modes are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>addition</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>and</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>average</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>burn</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>darken</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>difference</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>difference128</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>divide</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>dodge</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>exclusion</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>glow</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>hardlight</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>hardmix</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>lighten</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>linearlight</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>multiply</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>negation</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>normal</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>or</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>overlay</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>phoenix</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>pinlight</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>reflect</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>screen</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>softlight</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>subtract</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>vividlight</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>xor</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>c0_opacity</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c1_opacity</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c2_opacity</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c3_opacity</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>all_opacity</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set blend opacity for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
of <var>all_opacity</var>. Only used in combination with pixel component blend modes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>c0_expr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c1_expr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c2_expr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c3_expr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>all_expr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set blend expression for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
of <var>all_expr</var>. Note that related mode options will be ignored if those are set.
</p>
<p>The expressions can use the following variables:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>N</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The sequential number of the filtered frame, starting from <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>X</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>Y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the coordinates of the current sample
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>W</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>H</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the width and height of currently filtered plane
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>SW</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>SH</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Width and height scale depending on the currently filtered plane. It is the
ratio between the corresponding luma plane number of pixels and the current
plane ones. E.g. for YUV4:2:0 the values are <code>1,1</code> for the luma plane, and
<code>0.5,0.5</code> for chroma planes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>T</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Time of the current frame, expressed in seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>TOP, A</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Value of pixel component at current location for first video frame (top layer).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>BOTTOM, B</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Value of pixel component at current location for second video frame (bottom layer).
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>shortest</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force termination when the shortest input terminates. Default is
<code>0</code>. This option is only defined for the <code>blend</code> filter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>repeatlast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Continue applying the last bottom frame after the end of the stream. A value of
<code>0</code> disable the filter after the last frame of the bottom layer is reached.
Default is <code>1</code>. This option is only defined for the <code>blend</code> filter.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-36"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.8.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-36" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-36" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Apply transition from bottom layer to top layer in first 10 seconds:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,10),1,T/10))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,10),1,T/10)))'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply 1x1 checkerboard effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">blend=all_expr='if(eq(mod(X,2),mod(Y,2)),A,B)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply uncover left effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">blend=all_expr='if(gte(N*SW+X,W),A,B)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply uncover down effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">blend=all_expr='if(gte(Y-N*SH,0),A,B)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply uncover up-left effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">blend=all_expr='if(gte(T*SH*40+Y,H)*gte((T*40*SW+X)*W/H,W),A,B)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Display differences between the current and the previous frame:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">tblend=all_mode=difference128
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="boxblur"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.9 boxblur<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#boxblur" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-boxblur" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a boxblur algorithm to the input video.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>luma_radius, lr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>luma_power, lp</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>chroma_radius, cr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>chroma_power, cp</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>alpha_radius, ar</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>alpha_power, ap</samp></dt>
</dl>
<p>A description of the accepted options follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>luma_radius, lr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>chroma_radius, cr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>alpha_radius, ar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set an expression for the box radius in pixels used for blurring the
corresponding input plane.
</p>
<p>The radius value must be a non-negative number, and must not be
greater than the value of the expression <code>min(w,h)/2</code> for the
luma and alpha planes, and of <code>min(cw,ch)/2</code> for the chroma
planes.
</p>
<p>Default value for <samp>luma_radius</samp> is "2". If not specified,
<samp>chroma_radius</samp> and <samp>alpha_radius</samp> default to the
corresponding value set for <samp>luma_radius</samp>.
</p>
<p>The expressions can contain the following constants:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input width and height in pixels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cw</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ch</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input chroma image width and height in pixels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hsub</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>vsub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example, for the
pixel format "yuv422p", <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_power, lp</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>chroma_power, cp</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>alpha_power, ap</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify how many times the boxblur filter is applied to the
corresponding plane.
</p>
<p>Default value for <samp>luma_power</samp> is 2. If not specified,
<samp>chroma_power</samp> and <samp>alpha_power</samp> default to the
corresponding value set for <samp>luma_power</samp>.
</p>
<p>A value of 0 will disable the effect.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-37"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.9.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-37" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-37" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Apply a boxblur filter with the luma, chroma, and alpha radii
set to 2:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">boxblur=luma_radius=2:luma_power=1
boxblur=2:1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set the luma radius to 2, and alpha and chroma radius to 0:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">boxblur=2:1:cr=0:ar=0
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set the luma and chroma radii to a fraction of the video dimension:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">boxblur=luma_radius=min(h\,w)/10:luma_power=1:chroma_radius=min(cw\,ch)/10:chroma_power=1
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="codecview"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.10 codecview<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#codecview" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-codecview" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Visualize information exported by some codecs.
</p>
<p>Some codecs can export information through frames using side-data or other
means. For example, some MPEG based codecs export motion vectors through the
<var>export_mvs</var> flag in the codec <samp>flags2</samp> option.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mv</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set motion vectors to visualize.
</p>
<p>Available flags for <var>mv</var> are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>pf</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>forward predicted MVs of P-frames
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bf</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>forward predicted MVs of B-frames
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bb</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>backward predicted MVs of B-frames
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-38"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.10.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-38" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-38" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Visualizes multi-directionals MVs from P and B-Frames using <code>ffplay</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -flags2 +export_mvs input.mpg -vf codecview=mv=pf+bf+bb
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="colorbalance"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.11 colorbalance<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#colorbalance" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-colorbalance" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Modify intensity of primary colors (red, green and blue) of input frames.
</p>
<p>The filter allows an input frame to be adjusted in the shadows, midtones or highlights
regions for the red-cyan, green-magenta or blue-yellow balance.
</p>
<p>A positive adjustment value shifts the balance towards the primary color, a negative
value towards the complementary color.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>rs</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gs</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust red, green and blue shadows (darkest pixels).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rm</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gm</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bm</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust red, green and blue midtones (medium pixels).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rh</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gh</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust red, green and blue highlights (brightest pixels).
</p>
<p>Allowed ranges for options are <code>[-1.0, 1.0]</code>. Defaults are <code>0</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-39"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.11.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-39" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-39" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Add red color cast to shadows:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">colorbalance=rs=.3
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="colorkey"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.12 colorkey<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#colorkey" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-colorkey" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>RGB colorspace color keying.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>color</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The color which will be replaced with transparency.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>similarity</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Similarity percentage with the key color.
</p>
<p>0.01 matches only the exact key color, while 1.0 matches everything.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>blend</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Blend percentage.
</p>
<p>0.0 makes pixels either fully transparent, or not transparent at all.
</p>
<p>Higher values result in semi-transparent pixels, with a higher transparency
the more similar the pixels color is to the key color.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-40"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.12.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-40" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-40" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Make every green pixel in the input image transparent:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input.png -vf colorkey=green out.png
</pre></div>
</li><li> Overlay a greenscreen-video on top of a static background image.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i background.png -i video.mp4 -filter_complex "[1:v]colorkey=0x3BBD1E:0.3:0.2[ckout];[0:v][ckout]overlay[out]" -map "[out]" output.flv
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="colorlevels"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.13 colorlevels<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#colorlevels" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-colorlevels" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Adjust video input frames using levels.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>rimin</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gimin</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bimin</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>aimin</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust red, green, blue and alpha input black point.
Allowed ranges for options are <code>[-1.0, 1.0]</code>. Defaults are <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rimax</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gimax</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bimax</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>aimax</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust red, green, blue and alpha input white point.
Allowed ranges for options are <code>[-1.0, 1.0]</code>. Defaults are <code>1</code>.
</p>
<p>Input levels are used to lighten highlights (bright tones), darken shadows
(dark tones), change the balance of bright and dark tones.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>romin</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gomin</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bomin</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>aomin</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust red, green, blue and alpha output black point.
Allowed ranges for options are <code>[0, 1.0]</code>. Defaults are <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>romax</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gomax</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bomax</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>aomax</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust red, green, blue and alpha output white point.
Allowed ranges for options are <code>[0, 1.0]</code>. Defaults are <code>1</code>.
</p>
<p>Output levels allows manual selection of a constrained output level range.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-41"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.13.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-41" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-41" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Make video output darker:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">colorlevels=rimin=0.058:gimin=0.058:bimin=0.058
</pre></div>
</li><li> Increase contrast:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">colorlevels=rimin=0.039:gimin=0.039:bimin=0.039:rimax=0.96:gimax=0.96:bimax=0.96
</pre></div>
</li><li> Make video output lighter:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">colorlevels=rimax=0.902:gimax=0.902:bimax=0.902
</pre></div>
</li><li> Increase brightness:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">colorlevels=romin=0.5:gomin=0.5:bomin=0.5
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="colorchannelmixer"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.14 colorchannelmixer<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#colorchannelmixer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-colorchannelmixer" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Adjust video input frames by re-mixing color channels.
</p>
<p>This filter modifies a color channel by adding the values associated to
the other channels of the same pixels. For example if the value to
modify is red, the output value will be:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>red</var>=<var>red</var>*<var>rr</var> + <var>blue</var>*<var>rb</var> + <var>green</var>*<var>rg</var> + <var>alpha</var>*<var>ra</var>
</pre></div>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>rr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>rg</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>rb</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ra</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output red channel.
Default is <code>1</code> for <var>rr</var>, and <code>0</code> for <var>rg</var>, <var>rb</var> and <var>ra</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gg</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gb</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ga</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output green channel.
Default is <code>1</code> for <var>gg</var>, and <code>0</code> for <var>gr</var>, <var>gb</var> and <var>ga</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>br</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bg</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bb</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ba</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output blue channel.
Default is <code>1</code> for <var>bb</var>, and <code>0</code> for <var>br</var>, <var>bg</var> and <var>ba</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ar</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ag</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ab</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>aa</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output alpha channel.
Default is <code>1</code> for <var>aa</var>, and <code>0</code> for <var>ar</var>, <var>ag</var> and <var>ab</var>.
</p>
<p>Allowed ranges for options are <code>[-2.0, 2.0]</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-42"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.14.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-42" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-42" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Convert source to grayscale:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">colorchannelmixer=.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3
</pre></div>
</li><li> Simulate sepia tones:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">colorchannelmixer=.393:.769:.189:0:.349:.686:.168:0:.272:.534:.131
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="colormatrix"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.15 colormatrix<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#colormatrix" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-colormatrix" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert color matrix.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>src</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>dst</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the source and destination color matrix. Both values must be
specified.
</p>
<p>The accepted values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>bt709</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>BT.709
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bt601</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>BT.601
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>smpte240m</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>SMPTE-240M
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>fcc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>FCC
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>For example to convert from BT.601 to SMPTE-240M, use the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">colormatrix=bt601:smpte240m
</pre></div>
<a name="copy"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.16 copy<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#copy" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-copy" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Copy the input source unchanged to the output. This is mainly useful for
testing purposes.
</p>
<a name="crop"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.17 crop<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#crop" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-crop" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Crop the input video to given dimensions.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>w, out_w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The width of the output video. It defaults to <code>iw</code>.
This expression is evaluated only once during the filter
configuration, or when the ‘<samp>w</samp>’ or ‘<samp>out_w</samp>’ command is sent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>h, out_h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The height of the output video. It defaults to <code>ih</code>.
This expression is evaluated only once during the filter
configuration, or when the ‘<samp>h</samp>’ or ‘<samp>out_h</samp>’ command is sent.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The horizontal position, in the input video, of the left edge of the output
video. It defaults to <code>(in_w-out_w)/2</code>.
This expression is evaluated per-frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The vertical position, in the input video, of the top edge of the output video.
It defaults to <code>(in_h-out_h)/2</code>.
This expression is evaluated per-frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>keep_aspect</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1 will force the output display aspect ratio
to be the same of the input, by changing the output sample aspect
ratio. It defaults to 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The <var>out_w</var>, <var>out_h</var>, <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> parameters are
expressions containing the following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The computed values for <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>. They are evaluated for
each new frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>in_w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>in_h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input width and height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>iw</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ih</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These are the same as <var>in_w</var> and <var>in_h</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>out_h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The output (cropped) width and height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ow</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>oh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These are the same as <var>out_w</var> and <var>out_h</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>same as <var>iw</var> / <var>ih</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>input sample aspect ratio
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (<var>iw</var> / <var>ih</var>) * <var>sar</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hsub</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>vsub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of the input frame, starting from 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pos</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the position in the file of the input frame, NAN if unknown
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The timestamp expressed in seconds. It’s NAN if the input timestamp is unknown.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The expression for <var>out_w</var> may depend on the value of <var>out_h</var>,
and the expression for <var>out_h</var> may depend on <var>out_w</var>, but they
cannot depend on <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>, as <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are
evaluated after <var>out_w</var> and <var>out_h</var>.
</p>
<p>The <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> parameters specify the expressions for the
position of the top-left corner of the output (non-cropped) area. They
are evaluated for each frame. If the evaluated value is not valid, it
is approximated to the nearest valid value.
</p>
<p>The expression for <var>x</var> may depend on <var>y</var>, and the expression
for <var>y</var> may depend on <var>x</var>.
</p>
<a name="Examples-43"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.17.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-43" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-43" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Crop area with size 100x100 at position (12,34).
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=100:100:12:34
</pre></div>
<p>Using named options, the example above becomes:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=w=100:h=100:x=12:y=34
</pre></div>
</li><li> Crop the central input area with size 100x100:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=100:100
</pre></div>
</li><li> Crop the central input area with size 2/3 of the input video:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=2/3*in_w:2/3*in_h
</pre></div>
</li><li> Crop the input video central square:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=out_w=in_h
crop=in_h
</pre></div>
</li><li> Delimit the rectangle with the top-left corner placed at position
100:100 and the right-bottom corner corresponding to the right-bottom
corner of the input image.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=in_w-100:in_h-100:100:100
</pre></div>
</li><li> Crop 10 pixels from the left and right borders, and 20 pixels from
the top and bottom borders
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=in_w-2*10:in_h-2*20
</pre></div>
</li><li> Keep only the bottom right quarter of the input image:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:in_w/2:in_h/2
</pre></div>
</li><li> Crop height for getting Greek harmony:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=in_w:1/PHI*in_w
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply trembling effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(n/10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(n/7)
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply erratic camera effect depending on timestamp:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(t*10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(t*13)"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set x depending on the value of y:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:y:10+10*sin(n/10)
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="Commands-2"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.17.2 Commands<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands-2" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>This filter supports the following commands:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>w, out_w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>h, out_h</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set width/height of the output video and the horizontal/vertical position
in the input video.
The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
</p>
<p>If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
value.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="cropdetect"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.18 cropdetect<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#cropdetect" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-cropdetect" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Auto-detect the crop size.
</p>
<p>It calculates the necessary cropping parameters and prints the
recommended parameters via the logging system. The detected dimensions
correspond to the non-black area of the input video.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>limit</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set higher black value threshold, which can be optionally specified
from nothing (0) to everything (255 for 8bit based formats). An intensity
value greater to the set value is considered non-black. It defaults to 24.
You can also specify a value between 0.0 and 1.0 which will be scaled depending
on the bitdepth of the pixel format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>round</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The value which the width/height should be divisible by. It defaults to
16. The offset is automatically adjusted to center the video. Use 2 to
get only even dimensions (needed for 4:2:2 video). 16 is best when
encoding to most video codecs.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>reset_count, reset</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the counter that determines after how many frames cropdetect will
reset the previously detected largest video area and start over to
detect the current optimal crop area. Default value is 0.
</p>
<p>This can be useful when channel logos distort the video area. 0
indicates ’never reset’, and returns the largest area encountered during
playback.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="curves"></a><a name="curves-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.19 curves<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#curves-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-curves-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply color adjustments using curves.
</p>
<p>This filter is similar to the Adobe Photoshop and GIMP curves tools. Each
component (red, green and blue) has its values defined by <var>N</var> key points
tied from each other using a smooth curve. The x-axis represents the pixel
values from the input frame, and the y-axis the new pixel values to be set for
the output frame.
</p>
<p>By default, a component curve is defined by the two points <var>(0;0)</var> and
<var>(1;1)</var>. This creates a straight line where each original pixel value is
"adjusted" to its own value, which means no change to the image.
</p>
<p>The filter allows you to redefine these two points and add some more. A new
curve (using a natural cubic spline interpolation) will be define to pass
smoothly through all these new coordinates. The new defined points needs to be
strictly increasing over the x-axis, and their <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> values must
be in the <var>[0;1]</var> interval. If the computed curves happened to go outside
the vector spaces, the values will be clipped accordingly.
</p>
<p>If there is no key point defined in <code>x=0</code>, the filter will automatically
insert a <var>(0;0)</var> point. In the same way, if there is no key point defined
in <code>x=1</code>, the filter will automatically insert a <var>(1;1)</var> point.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>preset</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select one of the available color presets. This option can be used in addition
to the <samp>r</samp>, <samp>g</samp>, <samp>b</samp> parameters; in this case, the later
options takes priority on the preset values.
Available presets are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>color_negative</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>cross_process</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>darker</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>increase_contrast</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>lighter</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>linear_contrast</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>medium_contrast</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>negative</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>strong_contrast</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>vintage</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>none</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>master, m</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the master key points. These points will define a second pass mapping. It
is sometimes called a "luminance" or "value" mapping. It can be used with
<samp>r</samp>, <samp>g</samp>, <samp>b</samp> or <samp>all</samp> since it acts like a
post-processing LUT.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>red, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the key points for the red component.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>green, g</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the key points for the green component.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>blue, b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the key points for the blue component.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>all</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the key points for all components (not including master).
Can be used in addition to the other key points component
options. In this case, the unset component(s) will fallback on this
<samp>all</samp> setting.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>psfile</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify a Photoshop curves file (<code>.asv</code>) to import the settings from.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>To avoid some filtergraph syntax conflicts, each key points list need to be
defined using the following syntax: <code>x0/y0 x1/y1 x2/y2 ...</code>.
</p>
<a name="Examples-44"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.19.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-44" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-44" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Increase slightly the middle level of blue:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">curves=blue='0.5/0.58'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Vintage effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">curves=r='0/0.11 .42/.51 1/0.95':g='0.50/0.48':b='0/0.22 .49/.44 1/0.8'
</pre></div>
<p>Here we obtain the following coordinates for each components:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><var>red</var></dt>
<dd><p><code>(0;0.11) (0.42;0.51) (1;0.95)</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><var>green</var></dt>
<dd><p><code>(0;0) (0.50;0.48) (1;1)</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><var>blue</var></dt>
<dd><p><code>(0;0.22) (0.49;0.44) (1;0.80)</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>
</li><li> The previous example can also be achieved with the associated built-in preset:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">curves=preset=vintage
</pre></div>
</li><li> Or simply:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">curves=vintage
</pre></div>
</li><li> Use a Photoshop preset and redefine the points of the green component:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">curves=psfile='MyCurvesPresets/purple.asv':green='0.45/0.53'
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="dctdnoiz"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.20 dctdnoiz<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dctdnoiz" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dctdnoiz" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Denoise frames using 2D DCT (frequency domain filtering).
</p>
<p>This filter is not designed for real time.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>sigma, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the noise sigma constant.
</p>
<p>This <var>sigma</var> defines a hard threshold of <code>3 * sigma</code>; every DCT
coefficient (absolute value) below this threshold with be dropped.
</p>
<p>If you need a more advanced filtering, see <samp>expr</samp>.
</p>
<p>Default is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>overlap</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number overlapping pixels for each block. Since the filter can be slow, you
may want to reduce this value, at the cost of a less effective filter and the
risk of various artefacts.
</p>
<p>If the overlapping value doesn’t permit processing the whole input width or
height, a warning will be displayed and according borders won’t be denoised.
</p>
<p>Default value is <var>blocksize</var>-1, which is the best possible setting.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>expr, e</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the coefficient factor expression.
</p>
<p>For each coefficient of a DCT block, this expression will be evaluated as a
multiplier value for the coefficient.
</p>
<p>If this is option is set, the <samp>sigma</samp> option will be ignored.
</p>
<p>The absolute value of the coefficient can be accessed through the <var>c</var>
variable.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the <var>blocksize</var> using the number of bits. <code>1<<<var>n</var></code> defines the
<var>blocksize</var>, which is the width and height of the processed blocks.
</p>
<p>The default value is <var>3</var> (8x8) and can be raised to <var>4</var> for a
<var>blocksize</var> of 16x16. Note that changing this setting has huge consequences
on the speed processing. Also, a larger block size does not necessarily means a
better de-noising.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-45"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.20.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-45" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-45" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Apply a denoise with a <samp>sigma</samp> of <code>4.5</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">dctdnoiz=4.5
</pre></div>
<p>The same operation can be achieved using the expression system:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">dctdnoiz=e='gte(c, 4.5*3)'
</pre></div>
<p>Violent denoise using a block size of <code>16x16</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">dctdnoiz=15:n=4
</pre></div>
<a name="deband"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.21 deband<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#deband" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-deband" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Remove banding artifacts from input video.
It works by replacing banded pixels with average value of referenced pixels.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>1thr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>2thr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>3thr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>4thr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set banding detection threshold for each plane. Default is 0.02.
Valid range is 0.00003 to 0.5.
If difference between current pixel and reference pixel is less than threshold,
it will be considered as banded.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>range, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Banding detection range in pixels. Default is 16. If positive, random number
in range 0 to set value will be used. If negative, exact absolute value
will be used.
The range defines square of four pixels around current pixel.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>direction, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set direction in radians from which four pixel will be compared. If positive,
random direction from 0 to set direction will be picked. If negative, exact of
absolute value will be picked. For example direction 0, -PI or -2*PI radians
will pick only pixels on same row and -PI/2 will pick only pixels on same
column.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>blur</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If enabled, current pixel is compared with average value of all four
surrounding pixels. The default is enabled. If disabled current pixel is
compared with all four surrounding pixels. The pixel is considered banded
if only all four differences with surrounding pixels are less than threshold.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="decimate"></a><a name="decimate-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.22 decimate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#decimate-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-decimate-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Drop duplicated frames at regular intervals.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>cycle</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of frames from which one will be dropped. Setting this to
<var>N</var> means one frame in every batch of <var>N</var> frames will be dropped.
Default is <code>5</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dupthresh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the threshold for duplicate detection. If the difference metric for a frame
is less than or equal to this value, then it is declared as duplicate. Default
is <code>1.1</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>scthresh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set scene change threshold. Default is <code>15</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>blockx</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>blocky</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the size of the x and y-axis blocks used during metric calculations.
Larger blocks give better noise suppression, but also give worse detection of
small movements. Must be a power of two. Default is <code>32</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ppsrc</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Mark main input as a pre-processed input and activate clean source input
stream. This allows the input to be pre-processed with various filters to help
the metrics calculation while keeping the frame selection lossless. When set to
<code>1</code>, the first stream is for the pre-processed input, and the second
stream is the clean source from where the kept frames are chosen. Default is
<code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set whether or not chroma is considered in the metric calculations. Default is
<code>1</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="deflate"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.23 deflate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#deflate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-deflate" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply deflate effect to the video.
</p>
<p>This filter replaces the pixel by the local(3x3) average by taking into account
only values lower than the pixel.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>threshold0</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold1</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold2</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Limit the maximum change for each plane, default is 65535.
If 0, plane will remain unchanged.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="dejudder"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.24 dejudder<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dejudder" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dejudder" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Remove judder produced by partially interlaced telecined content.
</p>
<p>Judder can be introduced, for instance, by <a href="#pullup">pullup</a> filter. If the original
source was partially telecined content then the output of <code>pullup,dejudder</code>
will have a variable frame rate. May change the recorded frame rate of the
container. Aside from that change, this filter will not affect constant frame
rate video.
</p>
<p>The option available in this filter is:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>cycle</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the length of the window over which the judder repeats.
</p>
<p>Accepts any integer greater than 1. Useful values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>4</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>If the original was telecined from 24 to 30 fps (Film to NTSC).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>5</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>If the original was telecined from 25 to 30 fps (PAL to NTSC).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>20</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>If a mixture of the two.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The default is ‘<samp>4</samp>’.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="delogo"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.25 delogo<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#delogo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-delogo" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Suppress a TV station logo by a simple interpolation of the surrounding
pixels. Just set a rectangle covering the logo and watch it disappear
(and sometimes something even uglier appear - your mileage may vary).
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the top left corner coordinates of the logo. They must be
specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the width and height of the logo to clear. They must be
specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>band, t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the thickness of the fuzzy edge of the rectangle (added to
<var>w</var> and <var>h</var>). The default value is 4.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show</samp></dt>
<dd><p>When set to 1, a green rectangle is drawn on the screen to simplify
finding the right <var>x</var>, <var>y</var>, <var>w</var>, and <var>h</var> parameters.
The default value is 0.
</p>
<p>The rectangle is drawn on the outermost pixels which will be (partly)
replaced with interpolated values. The values of the next pixels
immediately outside this rectangle in each direction will be used to
compute the interpolated pixel values inside the rectangle.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-46"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.25.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-46" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-46" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Set a rectangle covering the area with top left corner coordinates 0,0
and size 100x77, and a band of size 10:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">delogo=x=0:y=0:w=100:h=77:band=10
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="deshake"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.26 deshake<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#deshake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-deshake" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Attempt to fix small changes in horizontal and/or vertical shift. This
filter helps remove camera shake from hand-holding a camera, bumping a
tripod, moving on a vehicle, etc.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify a rectangular area where to limit the search for motion
vectors.
If desired the search for motion vectors can be limited to a
rectangular area of the frame defined by its top left corner, width
and height. These parameters have the same meaning as the drawbox
filter which can be used to visualise the position of the bounding
box.
</p>
<p>This is useful when simultaneous movement of subjects within the frame
might be confused for camera motion by the motion vector search.
</p>
<p>If any or all of <var>x</var>, <var>y</var>, <var>w</var> and <var>h</var> are set to -1
then the full frame is used. This allows later options to be set
without specifying the bounding box for the motion vector search.
</p>
<p>Default - search the whole frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rx</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ry</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the maximum extent of movement in x and y directions in the
range 0-64 pixels. Default 16.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>edge</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify how to generate pixels to fill blanks at the edge of the
frame. Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>blank, 0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Fill zeroes at blank locations
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>original, 1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Original image at blank locations
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>clamp, 2</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Extruded edge value at blank locations
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>mirror, 3</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Mirrored edge at blank locations
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>mirror</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>blocksize</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the blocksize to use for motion search. Range 4-128 pixels,
default 8.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>contrast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the contrast threshold for blocks. Only blocks with more than
the specified contrast (difference between darkest and lightest
pixels) will be considered. Range 1-255, default 125.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>search</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the search strategy. Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>exhaustive, 0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set exhaustive search
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>less, 1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set less exhaustive search.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>exhaustive</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>filename</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set then a detailed log of the motion search is written to the
specified file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>opencl</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, specify using OpenCL capabilities, only available if
FFmpeg was configured with <code>--enable-opencl</code>. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="detelecine"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.27 detelecine<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#detelecine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-detelecine" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply an exact inverse of the telecine operation. It requires a predefined
pattern specified using the pattern option which must be the same as that passed
to the telecine filter.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>first_field</samp></dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>top, t</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>top field first
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bottom, b</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>bottom field first
The default value is <code>top</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pattern</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A string of numbers representing the pulldown pattern you wish to apply.
The default value is <code>23</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_frame</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A number representing position of the first frame with respect to the telecine
pattern. This is to be used if the stream is cut. The default value is <code>0</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="dilation"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.28 dilation<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dilation" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dilation" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply dilation effect to the video.
</p>
<p>This filter replaces the pixel by the local(3x3) maximum.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>threshold0</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold1</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold2</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Limit the maximum change for each plane, default is 65535.
If 0, plane will remain unchanged.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>coordinates</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Flag which specifies the pixel to refer to. Default is 255 i.e. all eight
pixels are used.
</p>
<p>Flags to local 3x3 coordinates maps like this:
</p>
<p>1 2 3
4 5
6 7 8
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="drawbox"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.29 drawbox<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#drawbox" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-drawbox" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Draw a colored box on the input image.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The expressions which specify the top left corner coordinates of the box. It defaults to 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>height, h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The expressions which specify the width and height of the box; if 0 they are interpreted as
the input width and height. It defaults to 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>color, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the color of the box to write. For the general syntax of this option,
check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. If the special
value <code>invert</code> is used, the box edge color is the same as the
video with inverted luma.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>thickness, t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The expression which sets the thickness of the box edge. Default value is <code>3</code>.
</p>
<p>See below for the list of accepted constants.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The parameters for <var>x</var>, <var>y</var>, <var>w</var> and <var>h</var> and <var>t</var> are expressions containing the
following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>dar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (<var>w</var> / <var>h</var>) * <var>sar</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hsub</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>vsub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>in_h, ih</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>in_w, iw</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input width and height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input sample aspect ratio.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The x and y offset coordinates where the box is drawn.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The width and height of the drawn box.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The thickness of the drawn box.
</p>
<p>These constants allow the <var>x</var>, <var>y</var>, <var>w</var>, <var>h</var> and <var>t</var> expressions to refer to
each other, so you may for example specify <code>y=x/dar</code> or <code>h=w/dar</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-47"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.29.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-47" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-47" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Draw a black box around the edge of the input image:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawbox
</pre></div>
</li><li> Draw a box with color red and an opacity of 50%:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawbox=10:20:200:60:red@0.5
</pre></div>
<p>The previous example can be specified as:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawbox=x=10:y=20:w=200:h=60:color=red@0.5
</pre></div>
</li><li> Fill the box with pink color:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawbox=x=10:y=10:w=100:h=100:color=pink@0.5:t=max
</pre></div>
</li><li> Draw a 2-pixel red 2.40:1 mask:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawbox=x=-t:y=0.5*(ih-iw/2.4)-t:w=iw+t*2:h=iw/2.4+t*2:t=2:c=red
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="drawgraph_002c-adrawgraph"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.30 drawgraph, adrawgraph<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#drawgraph_002c-adrawgraph" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-drawgraph_002c-adrawgraph" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Draw a graph using input video or audio metadata.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>m1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set 1st frame metadata key from which metadata values will be used to draw a graph.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fg1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set 1st foreground color expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>m2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set 2nd frame metadata key from which metadata values will be used to draw a graph.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fg2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set 2nd foreground color expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>m3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set 3rd frame metadata key from which metadata values will be used to draw a graph.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fg3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set 3rd foreground color expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>m4</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set 4th frame metadata key from which metadata values will be used to draw a graph.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fg4</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set 4th foreground color expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>min</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set minimal value of metadata value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set maximal value of metadata value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bg</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set graph background color. Default is white.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set graph mode.
</p>
<p>Available values for mode is:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>bar</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>dot</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>line</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>line</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>slide</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set slide mode.
</p>
<p>Available values for slide is:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>frame</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Draw new frame when right border is reached.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>replace</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Replace old columns with new ones.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>scroll</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Scroll from right to left.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rscroll</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Scroll from left to right.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>frame</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set size of graph video. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
The default value is <code>900x256</code>.
</p>
<p>The foreground color expressions can use the following variables:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>MIN</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Minimal value of metadata value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>MAX</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Maximal value of metadata value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>VAL</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Current metadata key value.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The color is defined as 0xAABBGGRR.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Example using metadata from <a href="#signalstats">signalstats</a> filter:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">signalstats,drawgraph=lavfi.signalstats.YAVG:min=0:max=255
</pre></div>
<p>Example using metadata from <a href="#ebur128">ebur128</a> filter:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ebur128=metadata=1,adrawgraph=lavfi.r128.M:min=-120:max=5
</pre></div>
<a name="drawgrid"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.31 drawgrid<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#drawgrid" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-drawgrid" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Draw a grid on the input image.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The expressions which specify the coordinates of some point of grid intersection (meant to configure offset). Both default to 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>height, h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The expressions which specify the width and height of the grid cell, if 0 they are interpreted as the
input width and height, respectively, minus <code>thickness</code>, so image gets
framed. Default to 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>color, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the color of the grid. For the general syntax of this option,
check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. If the special
value <code>invert</code> is used, the grid color is the same as the
video with inverted luma.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>thickness, t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The expression which sets the thickness of the grid line. Default value is <code>1</code>.
</p>
<p>See below for the list of accepted constants.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The parameters for <var>x</var>, <var>y</var>, <var>w</var> and <var>h</var> and <var>t</var> are expressions containing the
following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>dar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (<var>w</var> / <var>h</var>) * <var>sar</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hsub</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>vsub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>in_h, ih</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>in_w, iw</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input grid cell width and height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input sample aspect ratio.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The x and y coordinates of some point of grid intersection (meant to configure offset).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The width and height of the drawn cell.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The thickness of the drawn cell.
</p>
<p>These constants allow the <var>x</var>, <var>y</var>, <var>w</var>, <var>h</var> and <var>t</var> expressions to refer to
each other, so you may for example specify <code>y=x/dar</code> or <code>h=w/dar</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-48"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.31.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-48" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-48" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Draw a grid with cell 100x100 pixels, thickness 2 pixels, with color red and an opacity of 50%:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawgrid=width=100:height=100:thickness=2:color=red@0.5
</pre></div>
</li><li> Draw a white 3x3 grid with an opacity of 50%:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawgrid=w=iw/3:h=ih/3:t=2:c=white@0.5
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="drawtext"></a><a name="drawtext-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.32 drawtext<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#drawtext-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-drawtext-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Draw a text string or text from a specified file on top of a video, using the
libfreetype library.
</p>
<p>To enable compilation of this filter, you need to configure FFmpeg with
<code>--enable-libfreetype</code>.
To enable default font fallback and the <var>font</var> option you need to
configure FFmpeg with <code>--enable-libfontconfig</code>.
To enable the <var>text_shaping</var> option, you need to configure FFmpeg with
<code>--enable-libfribidi</code>.
</p>
<a name="Syntax-2"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.32.1 Syntax<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Syntax-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Syntax-2" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>box</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Used to draw a box around text using the background color.
The value must be either 1 (enable) or 0 (disable).
The default value of <var>box</var> is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>boxborderw</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the width of the border to be drawn around the box using <var>boxcolor</var>.
The default value of <var>boxborderw</var> is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>boxcolor</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The color to be used for drawing box around text. For the syntax of this
option, check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
</p>
<p>The default value of <var>boxcolor</var> is "white".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>borderw</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the width of the border to be drawn around the text using <var>bordercolor</var>.
The default value of <var>borderw</var> is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bordercolor</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the color to be used for drawing border around text. For the syntax of this
option, check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
</p>
<p>The default value of <var>bordercolor</var> is "black".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>expansion</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select how the <var>text</var> is expanded. Can be either <code>none</code>,
<code>strftime</code> (deprecated) or
<code>normal</code> (default). See the <a href="#drawtext_005fexpansion">Text expansion</a> section
below for details.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fix_bounds</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If true, check and fix text coords to avoid clipping.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fontcolor</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The color to be used for drawing fonts. For the syntax of this option, check
the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
</p>
<p>The default value of <var>fontcolor</var> is "black".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fontcolor_expr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>String which is expanded the same way as <var>text</var> to obtain dynamic
<var>fontcolor</var> value. By default this option has empty value and is not
processed. When this option is set, it overrides <var>fontcolor</var> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>font</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The font family to be used for drawing text. By default Sans.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fontfile</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The font file to be used for drawing text. The path must be included.
This parameter is mandatory if the fontconfig support is disabled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>draw</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This option does not exist, please see the timeline system
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>alpha</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Draw the text applying alpha blending. The value can
be either a number between 0.0 and 1.0
The expression accepts the same variables <var>x, y</var> do.
The default value is 1.
Please see fontcolor_expr
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fontsize</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The font size to be used for drawing text.
The default value of <var>fontsize</var> is 16.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>text_shaping</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, attempt to shape the text (for example, reverse the order of
right-to-left text and join Arabic characters) before drawing it.
Otherwise, just draw the text exactly as given.
By default 1 (if supported).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ft_load_flags</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The flags to be used for loading the fonts.
</p>
<p>The flags map the corresponding flags supported by libfreetype, and are
a combination of the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><var>default</var></dt>
<dt><var>no_scale</var></dt>
<dt><var>no_hinting</var></dt>
<dt><var>render</var></dt>
<dt><var>no_bitmap</var></dt>
<dt><var>vertical_layout</var></dt>
<dt><var>force_autohint</var></dt>
<dt><var>crop_bitmap</var></dt>
<dt><var>pedantic</var></dt>
<dt><var>ignore_global_advance_width</var></dt>
<dt><var>no_recurse</var></dt>
<dt><var>ignore_transform</var></dt>
<dt><var>monochrome</var></dt>
<dt><var>linear_design</var></dt>
<dt><var>no_autohint</var></dt>
</dl>
<p>Default value is "default".
</p>
<p>For more information consult the documentation for the FT_LOAD_*
libfreetype flags.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>shadowcolor</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The color to be used for drawing a shadow behind the drawn text. For the
syntax of this option, check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
</p>
<p>The default value of <var>shadowcolor</var> is "black".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>shadowx</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>shadowy</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The x and y offsets for the text shadow position with respect to the
position of the text. They can be either positive or negative
values. The default value for both is "0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_number</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The starting frame number for the n/frame_num variable. The default value
is "0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tabsize</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The size in number of spaces to use for rendering the tab.
Default value is 4.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>timecode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the initial timecode representation in "hh:mm:ss[:;.]ff"
format. It can be used with or without text parameter. <var>timecode_rate</var>
option must be specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>timecode_rate, rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the timecode frame rate (timecode only).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>text</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The text string to be drawn. The text must be a sequence of UTF-8
encoded characters.
This parameter is mandatory if no file is specified with the parameter
<var>textfile</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>textfile</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A text file containing text to be drawn. The text must be a sequence
of UTF-8 encoded characters.
</p>
<p>This parameter is mandatory if no text string is specified with the
parameter <var>text</var>.
</p>
<p>If both <var>text</var> and <var>textfile</var> are specified, an error is thrown.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>reload</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, the <var>textfile</var> will be reloaded before each frame.
Be sure to update it atomically, or it may be read partially, or even fail.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The expressions which specify the offsets where text will be drawn
within the video frame. They are relative to the top/left border of the
output image.
</p>
<p>The default value of <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> is "0".
</p>
<p>See below for the list of accepted constants and functions.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The parameters for <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are expressions containing the
following constants and functions:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>dar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (<var>w</var> / <var>h</var>) * <var>sar</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hsub</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>vsub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>line_h, lh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the height of each text line
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>main_h, h, H</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the input height
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>main_w, w, W</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the input width
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_glyph_a, ascent</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the maximum distance from the baseline to the highest/upper grid
coordinate used to place a glyph outline point, for all the rendered
glyphs.
It is a positive value, due to the grid’s orientation with the Y axis
upwards.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_glyph_d, descent</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the maximum distance from the baseline to the lowest grid coordinate
used to place a glyph outline point, for all the rendered glyphs.
This is a negative value, due to the grid’s orientation, with the Y axis
upwards.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_glyph_h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>maximum glyph height, that is the maximum height for all the glyphs
contained in the rendered text, it is equivalent to <var>ascent</var> -
<var>descent</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max_glyph_w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>maximum glyph width, that is the maximum width for all the glyphs
contained in the rendered text
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the number of input frame, starting from 0
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rand(min, max)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>return a random number included between <var>min</var> and <var>max</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input sample aspect ratio.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>text_h, th</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the height of the rendered text
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>text_w, tw</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the width of the rendered text
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the x and y offset coordinates where the text is drawn.
</p>
<p>These parameters allow the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> expressions to refer
each other, so you can for example specify <code>y=x/dar</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="drawtext_005fexpansion"></a><a name="Text-expansion"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.32.2 Text expansion<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Text-expansion" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Text-expansion" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>If <samp>expansion</samp> is set to <code>strftime</code>,
the filter recognizes strftime() sequences in the provided text and
expands them accordingly. Check the documentation of strftime(). This
feature is deprecated.
</p>
<p>If <samp>expansion</samp> is set to <code>none</code>, the text is printed verbatim.
</p>
<p>If <samp>expansion</samp> is set to <code>normal</code> (which is the default),
the following expansion mechanism is used.
</p>
<p>The backslash character ‘<samp>\</samp>’, followed by any character, always expands to
the second character.
</p>
<p>Sequence of the form <code>%{...}</code> are expanded. The text between the
braces is a function name, possibly followed by arguments separated by ’:’.
If the arguments contain special characters or delimiters (’:’ or ’}’),
they should be escaped.
</p>
<p>Note that they probably must also be escaped as the value for the
<samp>text</samp> option in the filter argument string and as the filter
argument in the filtergraph description, and possibly also for the shell,
that makes up to four levels of escaping; using a text file avoids these
problems.
</p>
<p>The following functions are available:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>expr, e</code></dt>
<dd><p>The expression evaluation result.
</p>
<p>It must take one argument specifying the expression to be evaluated,
which accepts the same constants and functions as the <var>x</var> and
<var>y</var> values. Note that not all constants should be used, for
example the text size is not known when evaluating the expression, so
the constants <var>text_w</var> and <var>text_h</var> will have an undefined
value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>expr_int_format, eif</code></dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate the expression’s value and output as formatted integer.
</p>
<p>The first argument is the expression to be evaluated, just as for the <var>expr</var> function.
The second argument specifies the output format. Allowed values are ‘<samp>x</samp>’,
‘<samp>X</samp>’, ‘<samp>d</samp>’ and ‘<samp>u</samp>’. They are treated exactly as in the
<code>printf</code> function.
The third parameter is optional and sets the number of positions taken by the output.
It can be used to add padding with zeros from the left.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>gmtime</code></dt>
<dd><p>The time at which the filter is running, expressed in UTC.
It can accept an argument: a strftime() format string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>localtime</code></dt>
<dd><p>The time at which the filter is running, expressed in the local time zone.
It can accept an argument: a strftime() format string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>metadata</code></dt>
<dd><p>Frame metadata. It must take one argument specifying metadata key.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>n, frame_num</code></dt>
<dd><p>The frame number, starting from 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>pict_type</code></dt>
<dd><p>A 1 character description of the current picture type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>pts</code></dt>
<dd><p>The timestamp of the current frame.
It can take up to two arguments.
</p>
<p>The first argument is the format of the timestamp; it defaults to <code>flt</code>
for seconds as a decimal number with microsecond accuracy; <code>hms</code> stands
for a formatted <var>[-]HH:MM:SS.mmm</var> timestamp with millisecond accuracy.
</p>
<p>The second argument is an offset added to the timestamp.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-49"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.32.3 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-49" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-49" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Draw "Test Text" with font FreeSerif, using the default values for the
optional parameters.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext="fontfile=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf: text='Test Text'"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Draw ’Test Text’ with font FreeSerif of size 24 at position x=100
and y=50 (counting from the top-left corner of the screen), text is
yellow with a red box around it. Both the text and the box have an
opacity of 20%.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext="fontfile=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf: text='Test Text':\
x=100: y=50: fontsize=24: fontcolor=yellow@0.2: box=1: boxcolor=red@0.2"
</pre></div>
<p>Note that the double quotes are not necessary if spaces are not used
within the parameter list.
</p>
</li><li> Show the text at the center of the video frame:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext="fontsize=30:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text='hello world':x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Show a text line sliding from right to left in the last row of the video
frame. The file <samp>LONG_LINE</samp> is assumed to contain a single line
with no newlines.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext="fontsize=15:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=LONG_LINE:y=h-line_h:x=-50*t"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Show the content of file <samp>CREDITS</samp> off the bottom of the frame and scroll up.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext="fontsize=20:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:textfile=CREDITS:y=h-20*t"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Draw a single green letter "g", at the center of the input video.
The glyph baseline is placed at half screen height.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext="fontsize=60:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor=green:text=g:x=(w-max_glyph_w)/2:y=h/2-ascent"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Show text for 1 second every 3 seconds:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext="fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor=white:x=100:y=x/dar:enable=lt(mod(t\,3)\,1):text='blink'"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Use fontconfig to set the font. Note that the colons need to be escaped.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext='fontfile=Linux Libertine O-40\:style=Semibold:text=FFmpeg'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Print the date of a real-time encoding (see strftime(3)):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">drawtext='fontfile=FreeSans.ttf:text=%{localtime\:%a %b %d %Y}'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Show text fading in and out (appearing/disappearing):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">#!/bin/sh
DS=1.0 # display start
DE=10.0 # display end
FID=1.5 # fade in duration
FOD=5 # fade out duration
ffplay -f lavfi "color,drawtext=text=TEST:fontsize=50:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor_expr=ff0000%{eif\\\\: clip(255*(1*between(t\\, $DS + $FID\\, $DE - $FOD) + ((t - $DS)/$FID)*between(t\\, $DS\\, $DS + $FID) + (-(t - $DE)/$FOD)*between(t\\, $DE - $FOD\\, $DE) )\\, 0\\, 255) \\\\: x\\\\: 2 }"
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<p>For more information about libfreetype, check:
<a href="http://www.freetype.org/">http://www.freetype.org/</a>.
</p>
<p>For more information about fontconfig, check:
<a href="http://freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html">http://freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html</a>.
</p>
<p>For more information about libfribidi, check:
<a href="http://fribidi.org/">http://fribidi.org/</a>.
</p>
<a name="edgedetect"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.33 edgedetect<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#edgedetect" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-edgedetect" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Detect and draw edges. The filter uses the Canny Edge Detection algorithm.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>low</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>high</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set low and high threshold values used by the Canny thresholding
algorithm.
</p>
<p>The high threshold selects the "strong" edge pixels, which are then
connected through 8-connectivity with the "weak" edge pixels selected
by the low threshold.
</p>
<p><var>low</var> and <var>high</var> threshold values must be chosen in the range
[0,1], and <var>low</var> should be lesser or equal to <var>high</var>.
</p>
<p>Default value for <var>low</var> is <code>20/255</code>, and default value for <var>high</var>
is <code>50/255</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Define the drawing mode.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>wires</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Draw white/gray wires on black background.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>colormix</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Mix the colors to create a paint/cartoon effect.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <var>wires</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-50"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.33.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-50" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-50" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Standard edge detection with custom values for the hysteresis thresholding:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">edgedetect=low=0.1:high=0.4
</pre></div>
</li><li> Painting effect without thresholding:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">edgedetect=mode=colormix:high=0
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="eq"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.34 eq<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#eq" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-eq" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Set brightness, contrast, saturation and approximate gamma adjustment.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>contrast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the contrast expression. The value must be a float value in range
<code>-2.0</code> to <code>2.0</code>. The default value is "0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>brightness</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the brightness expression. The value must be a float value in
range <code>-1.0</code> to <code>1.0</code>. The default value is "0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>saturation</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the saturation expression. The value must be a float in
range <code>0.0</code> to <code>3.0</code>. The default value is "1".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the gamma expression. The value must be a float in range
<code>0.1</code> to <code>10.0</code>. The default value is "1".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma_r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the gamma expression for red. The value must be a float in
range <code>0.1</code> to <code>10.0</code>. The default value is "1".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma_g</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the gamma expression for green. The value must be a float in range
<code>0.1</code> to <code>10.0</code>. The default value is "1".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma_b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the gamma expression for blue. The value must be a float in range
<code>0.1</code> to <code>10.0</code>. The default value is "1".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma_weight</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the gamma weight expression. It can be used to reduce the effect
of a high gamma value on bright image areas, e.g. keep them from
getting overamplified and just plain white. The value must be a float
in range <code>0.0</code> to <code>1.0</code>. A value of <code>0.0</code> turns the
gamma correction all the way down while <code>1.0</code> leaves it at its
full strength. Default is "1".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>eval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set when the expressions for brightness, contrast, saturation and
gamma expressions are evaluated.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>init</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>only evaluate expressions once during the filter initialization or
when a command is processed
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>frame</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>evaluate expressions for each incoming frame
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>init</samp>’.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The expressions accept the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>frame count of the input frame starting from 0
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pos</samp></dt>
<dd><p>byte position of the corresponding packet in the input file, NAN if
unspecified
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>frame rate of the input video, NAN if the input frame rate is unknown
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Commands-3"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.34.1 Commands<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands-3" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands-3" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The filter supports the following commands:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>contrast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the contrast expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>brightness</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the brightness expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>saturation</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the saturation expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the gamma expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma_r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the gamma_r expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma_g</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set gamma_g expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma_b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set gamma_b expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma_weight</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set gamma_weight expression.
</p>
<p>The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
</p>
<p>If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
value.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="erosion"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.35 erosion<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#erosion" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-erosion" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply erosion effect to the video.
</p>
<p>This filter replaces the pixel by the local(3x3) minimum.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>threshold0</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold1</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold2</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Limit the maximum change for each plane, default is 65535.
If 0, plane will remain unchanged.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>coordinates</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Flag which specifies the pixel to refer to. Default is 255 i.e. all eight
pixels are used.
</p>
<p>Flags to local 3x3 coordinates maps like this:
</p>
<p>1 2 3
4 5
6 7 8
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="extractplanes"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.36 extractplanes<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#extractplanes" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-extractplanes" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Extract color channel components from input video stream into
separate grayscale video streams.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>planes</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set plane(s) to extract.
</p>
<p>Available values for planes are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>y</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>u</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>v</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>a</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>r</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>g</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>b</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>Choosing planes not available in the input will result in an error.
That means you cannot select <code>r</code>, <code>g</code>, <code>b</code> planes
with <code>y</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>v</code> planes at same time.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-51"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.36.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-51" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-51" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Extract luma, u and v color channel component from input video frame
into 3 grayscale outputs:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i video.avi -filter_complex 'extractplanes=y+u+v[y][u][v]' -map '[y]' y.avi -map '[u]' u.avi -map '[v]' v.avi
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="elbg"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.37 elbg<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#elbg" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-elbg" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a posterize effect using the ELBG (Enhanced LBG) algorithm.
</p>
<p>For each input image, the filter will compute the optimal mapping from
the input to the output given the codebook length, that is the number
of distinct output colors.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>codebook_length, l</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set codebook length. The value must be a positive integer, and
represents the number of distinct output colors. Default value is 256.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_steps, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum number of iterations to apply for computing the optimal
mapping. The higher the value the better the result and the higher the
computation time. Default value is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>seed, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set a random seed, must be an integer included between 0 and
UINT32_MAX. If not specified, or if explicitly set to -1, the filter
will try to use a good random seed on a best effort basis.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pal8</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set pal8 output pixel format. This option does not work with codebook
length greater than 256.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="fade"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.38 fade<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#fade" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-fade" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a fade-in/out effect to the input video.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>type, t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The effect type can be either "in" for a fade-in, or "out" for a fade-out
effect.
Default is <code>in</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_frame, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the number of the frame to start applying the fade
effect at. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_frames, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of frames that the fade effect lasts. At the end of the
fade-in effect, the output video will have the same intensity as the input video.
At the end of the fade-out transition, the output video will be filled with the
selected <samp>color</samp>.
Default is 25.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>alpha</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, fade only alpha channel, if one exists on the input.
Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_time, st</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the timestamp (in seconds) of the frame to start to apply the fade
effect. If both start_frame and start_time are specified, the fade will start at
whichever comes last. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of seconds for which the fade effect has to last. At the end of the
fade-in effect the output video will have the same intensity as the input video,
at the end of the fade-out transition the output video will be filled with the
selected <samp>color</samp>.
If both duration and nb_frames are specified, duration is used. Default is 0
(nb_frames is used by default).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>color, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the color of the fade. Default is "black".
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-52"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.38.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-52" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-52" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Fade in the first 30 frames of video:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fade=in:0:30
</pre></div>
<p>The command above is equivalent to:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">fade=t=in:s=0:n=30
</pre></div>
</li><li> Fade out the last 45 frames of a 200-frame video:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fade=out:155:45
fade=type=out:start_frame=155:nb_frames=45
</pre></div>
</li><li> Fade in the first 25 frames and fade out the last 25 frames of a 1000-frame video:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fade=in:0:25, fade=out:975:25
</pre></div>
</li><li> Make the first 5 frames yellow, then fade in from frame 5-24:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fade=in:5:20:color=yellow
</pre></div>
</li><li> Fade in alpha over first 25 frames of video:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fade=in:0:25:alpha=1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Make the first 5.5 seconds black, then fade in for 0.5 seconds:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fade=t=in:st=5.5:d=0.5
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="fftfilt"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.39 fftfilt<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#fftfilt" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-fftfilt" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply arbitrary expressions to samples in frequency domain
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>dc_Y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust the dc value (gain) of the luma plane of the image. The filter
accepts an integer value in range <code>0</code> to <code>1000</code>. The default
value is set to <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dc_U</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust the dc value (gain) of the 1st chroma plane of the image. The
filter accepts an integer value in range <code>0</code> to <code>1000</code>. The
default value is set to <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dc_V</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Adjust the dc value (gain) of the 2nd chroma plane of the image. The
filter accepts an integer value in range <code>0</code> to <code>1000</code>. The
default value is set to <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>weight_Y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frequency domain weight expression for the luma plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>weight_U</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frequency domain weight expression for the 1st chroma plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>weight_V</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frequency domain weight expression for the 2nd chroma plane.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following variables:
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>X</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>Y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The coordinates of the current sample.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>W</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>H</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The width and height of the image.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-53"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.39.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-53" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-53" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> High-pass:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fftfilt=dc_Y=128:weight_Y='squish(1-(Y+X)/100)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Low-pass:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fftfilt=dc_Y=0:weight_Y='squish((Y+X)/100-1)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Sharpen:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fftfilt=dc_Y=0:weight_Y='1+squish(1-(Y+X)/100)'
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="field"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.40 field<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#field" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-field" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Extract a single field from an interlaced image using stride
arithmetic to avoid wasting CPU time. The output frames are marked as
non-interlaced.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify whether to extract the top (if the value is <code>0</code> or
<code>top</code>) or the bottom field (if the value is <code>1</code> or
<code>bottom</code>).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="fieldmatch"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.41 fieldmatch<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#fieldmatch" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-fieldmatch" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Field matching filter for inverse telecine. It is meant to reconstruct the
progressive frames from a telecined stream. The filter does not drop duplicated
frames, so to achieve a complete inverse telecine <code>fieldmatch</code> needs to be
followed by a decimation filter such as <a href="#decimate">decimate</a> in the filtergraph.
</p>
<p>The separation of the field matching and the decimation is notably motivated by
the possibility of inserting a de-interlacing filter fallback between the two.
If the source has mixed telecined and real interlaced content,
<code>fieldmatch</code> will not be able to match fields for the interlaced parts.
But these remaining combed frames will be marked as interlaced, and thus can be
de-interlaced by a later filter such as <a href="#yadif">yadif</a> before decimation.
</p>
<p>In addition to the various configuration options, <code>fieldmatch</code> can take an
optional second stream, activated through the <samp>ppsrc</samp> option. If
enabled, the frames reconstruction will be based on the fields and frames from
this second stream. This allows the first input to be pre-processed in order to
help the various algorithms of the filter, while keeping the output lossless
(assuming the fields are matched properly). Typically, a field-aware denoiser,
or brightness/contrast adjustments can help.
</p>
<p>Note that this filter uses the same algorithms as TIVTC/TFM (AviSynth project)
and VIVTC/VFM (VapourSynth project). The later is a light clone of TFM from
which <code>fieldmatch</code> is based on. While the semantic and usage are very
close, some behaviour and options names can differ.
</p>
<p>The <a href="#decimate">decimate</a> filter currently only works for constant frame rate input.
If your input has mixed telecined (30fps) and progressive content with a lower
framerate like 24fps use the following filterchain to produce the necessary cfr
stream: <code>dejudder,fps=30000/1001,fieldmatch,decimate</code>.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>order</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the assumed field order of the input stream. Available values are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Auto detect parity (use FFmpeg’s internal parity value).
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bff</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Assume bottom field first.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>tff</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Assume top field first.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Note that it is sometimes recommended not to trust the parity announced by the
stream.
</p>
<p>Default value is <var>auto</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the matching mode or strategy to use. <samp>pc</samp> mode is the safest in the
sense that it won’t risk creating jerkiness due to duplicate frames when
possible, but if there are bad edits or blended fields it will end up
outputting combed frames when a good match might actually exist. On the other
hand, <samp>pcn_ub</samp> mode is the most risky in terms of creating jerkiness,
but will almost always find a good frame if there is one. The other values are
all somewhere in between <samp>pc</samp> and <samp>pcn_ub</samp> in terms of risking
jerkiness and creating duplicate frames versus finding good matches in sections
with bad edits, orphaned fields, blended fields, etc.
</p>
<p>More details about p/c/n/u/b are available in <a href="#p_002fc_002fn_002fu_002fb-meaning">p/c/n/u/b meaning</a> section.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>pc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2-way matching (p/c)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pc_n</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2-way matching, and trying 3rd match if still combed (p/c + n)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pc_u</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2-way matching, and trying 3rd match (same order) if still combed (p/c + u)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pc_n_ub</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>2-way matching, trying 3rd match if still combed, and trying 4th/5th matches if
still combed (p/c + n + u/b)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pcn</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>3-way matching (p/c/n)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pcn_ub</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>3-way matching, and trying 4th/5th matches if all 3 of the original matches are
detected as combed (p/c/n + u/b)
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The parenthesis at the end indicate the matches that would be used for that
mode assuming <samp>order</samp>=<var>tff</var> (and <samp>field</samp> on <var>auto</var> or
<var>top</var>).
</p>
<p>In terms of speed <samp>pc</samp> mode is by far the fastest and <samp>pcn_ub</samp> is
the slowest.
</p>
<p>Default value is <var>pc_n</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ppsrc</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Mark the main input stream as a pre-processed input, and enable the secondary
input stream as the clean source to pick the fields from. See the filter
introduction for more details. It is similar to the <samp>clip2</samp> feature from
VFM/TFM.
</p>
<p>Default value is <code>0</code> (disabled).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>field</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the field to match from. It is recommended to set this to the same value as
<samp>order</samp> unless you experience matching failures with that setting. In
certain circumstances changing the field that is used to match from can have a
large impact on matching performance. Available values are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Automatic (same value as <samp>order</samp>).
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bottom</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Match from the bottom field.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>top</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Match from the top field.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <var>auto</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mchroma</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set whether or not chroma is included during the match comparisons. In most
cases it is recommended to leave this enabled. You should set this to <code>0</code>
only if your clip has bad chroma problems such as heavy rainbowing or other
artifacts. Setting this to <code>0</code> could also be used to speed things up at
the cost of some accuracy.
</p>
<p>Default value is <code>1</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>y0</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These define an exclusion band which excludes the lines between <samp>y0</samp> and
<samp>y1</samp> from being included in the field matching decision. An exclusion
band can be used to ignore subtitles, a logo, or other things that may
interfere with the matching. <samp>y0</samp> sets the starting scan line and
<samp>y1</samp> sets the ending line; all lines in between <samp>y0</samp> and
<samp>y1</samp> (including <samp>y0</samp> and <samp>y1</samp>) will be ignored. Setting
<samp>y0</samp> and <samp>y1</samp> to the same value will disable the feature.
<samp>y0</samp> and <samp>y1</samp> defaults to <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>scthresh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the scene change detection threshold as a percentage of maximum change on
the luma plane. Good values are in the <code>[8.0, 14.0]</code> range. Scene change
detection is only relevant in case <samp>combmatch</samp>=<var>sc</var>. The range for
<samp>scthresh</samp> is <code>[0.0, 100.0]</code>.
</p>
<p>Default value is <code>12.0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>combmatch</samp></dt>
<dd><p>When <samp>combatch</samp> is not <var>none</var>, <code>fieldmatch</code> will take into
account the combed scores of matches when deciding what match to use as the
final match. Available values are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>No final matching based on combed scores.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Combed scores are only used when a scene change is detected.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>full</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use combed scores all the time.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default is <var>sc</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>combdbg</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force <code>fieldmatch</code> to calculate the combed metrics for certain matches and
print them. This setting is known as <samp>micout</samp> in TFM/VFM vocabulary.
Available values are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>No forced calculation.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pcn</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Force p/c/n calculations.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pcnub</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Force p/c/n/u/b calculations.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <var>none</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cthresh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This is the area combing threshold used for combed frame detection. This
essentially controls how "strong" or "visible" combing must be to be detected.
Larger values mean combing must be more visible and smaller values mean combing
can be less visible or strong and still be detected. Valid settings are from
<code>-1</code> (every pixel will be detected as combed) to <code>255</code> (no pixel will
be detected as combed). This is basically a pixel difference value. A good
range is <code>[8, 12]</code>.
</p>
<p>Default value is <code>9</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Sets whether or not chroma is considered in the combed frame decision. Only
disable this if your source has chroma problems (rainbowing, etc.) that are
causing problems for the combed frame detection with chroma enabled. Actually,
using <samp>chroma</samp>=<var>0</var> is usually more reliable, except for the case
where there is chroma only combing in the source.
</p>
<p>Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>blockx</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>blocky</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Respectively set the x-axis and y-axis size of the window used during combed
frame detection. This has to do with the size of the area in which
<samp>combpel</samp> pixels are required to be detected as combed for a frame to be
declared combed. See the <samp>combpel</samp> parameter description for more info.
Possible values are any number that is a power of 2 starting at 4 and going up
to 512.
</p>
<p>Default value is <code>16</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>combpel</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of combed pixels inside any of the <samp>blocky</samp> by
<samp>blockx</samp> size blocks on the frame for the frame to be detected as
combed. While <samp>cthresh</samp> controls how "visible" the combing must be, this
setting controls "how much" combing there must be in any localized area (a
window defined by the <samp>blockx</samp> and <samp>blocky</samp> settings) on the
frame. Minimum value is <code>0</code> and maximum is <code>blocky x blockx</code> (at
which point no frames will ever be detected as combed). This setting is known
as <samp>MI</samp> in TFM/VFM vocabulary.
</p>
<p>Default value is <code>80</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="p_002fc_002fn_002fu_002fb-meaning"></a><a name="p_002fc_002fn_002fu_002fb-meaning-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.41.1 p/c/n/u/b meaning<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#p_002fc_002fn_002fu_002fb-meaning-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-p_002fc_002fn_002fu_002fb-meaning-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<a name="p_002fc_002fn"></a>
<h4 class="subsubsection">28.41.1.1 p/c/n<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#p_002fc_002fn" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-p_002fc_002fn" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>We assume the following telecined stream:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">Top fields: 1 2 2 3 4
Bottom fields: 1 2 3 4 4
</pre></div>
<p>The numbers correspond to the progressive frame the fields relate to. Here, the
first two frames are progressive, the 3rd and 4th are combed, and so on.
</p>
<p>When <code>fieldmatch</code> is configured to run a matching from bottom
(<samp>field</samp>=<var>bottom</var>) this is how this input stream get transformed:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">Input stream:
T 1 2 2 3 4
B 1 2 3 4 4 <-- matching reference
Matches: c c n n c
Output stream:
T 1 2 3 4 4
B 1 2 3 4 4
</pre></div>
<p>As a result of the field matching, we can see that some frames get duplicated.
To perform a complete inverse telecine, you need to rely on a decimation filter
after this operation. See for instance the <a href="#decimate">decimate</a> filter.
</p>
<p>The same operation now matching from top fields (<samp>field</samp>=<var>top</var>)
looks like this:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">Input stream:
T 1 2 2 3 4 <-- matching reference
B 1 2 3 4 4
Matches: c c p p c
Output stream:
T 1 2 2 3 4
B 1 2 2 3 4
</pre></div>
<p>In these examples, we can see what <var>p</var>, <var>c</var> and <var>n</var> mean;
basically, they refer to the frame and field of the opposite parity:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <var>p</var> matches the field of the opposite parity in the previous frame
</li><li> <var>c</var> matches the field of the opposite parity in the current frame
</li><li> <var>n</var> matches the field of the opposite parity in the next frame
</li></ul>
<a name="u_002fb"></a>
<h4 class="subsubsection">28.41.1.2 u/b<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#u_002fb" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-u_002fb" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The <var>u</var> and <var>b</var> matching are a bit special in the sense that they match
from the opposite parity flag. In the following examples, we assume that we are
currently matching the 2nd frame (Top:2, bottom:2). According to the match, a
’x’ is placed above and below each matched fields.
</p>
<p>With bottom matching (<samp>field</samp>=<var>bottom</var>):
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">Match: c p n b u
x x x x x
Top 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
Bottom 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
x x x x x
Output frames:
2 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 1 3
</pre></div>
<p>With top matching (<samp>field</samp>=<var>top</var>):
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">Match: c p n b u
x x x x x
Top 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
Bottom 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
x x x x x
Output frames:
2 2 2 1 2
2 1 3 2 2
</pre></div>
<a name="Examples-54"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.41.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-54" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-54" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Simple IVTC of a top field first telecined stream:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">fieldmatch=order=tff:combmatch=none, decimate
</pre></div>
<p>Advanced IVTC, with fallback on <a href="#yadif">yadif</a> for still combed frames:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">fieldmatch=order=tff:combmatch=full, yadif=deint=interlaced, decimate
</pre></div>
<a name="fieldorder"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.42 fieldorder<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#fieldorder" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-fieldorder" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Transform the field order of the input video.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>order</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The output field order. Valid values are <var>tff</var> for top field first or <var>bff</var>
for bottom field first.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The default value is ‘<samp>tff</samp>’.
</p>
<p>The transformation is done by shifting the picture content up or down
by one line, and filling the remaining line with appropriate picture content.
This method is consistent with most broadcast field order converters.
</p>
<p>If the input video is not flagged as being interlaced, or it is already
flagged as being of the required output field order, then this filter does
not alter the incoming video.
</p>
<p>It is very useful when converting to or from PAL DV material,
which is bottom field first.
</p>
<p>For example:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i in.vob -vf "fieldorder=bff" out.dv
</pre></div>
<a name="fifo"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.43 fifo<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#fifo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-fifo" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Buffer input images and send them when they are requested.
</p>
<p>It is mainly useful when auto-inserted by the libavfilter
framework.
</p>
<p>It does not take parameters.
</p>
<a name="find_005frect"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.44 find_rect<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#find_005frect" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-find_005frect" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Find a rectangular object
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>object</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Filepath of the object image, needs to be in gray8.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>threshold</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Detection threshold, default is 0.5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mipmaps</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Number of mipmaps, default is 3.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the rectangle in which to search.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-55"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.44.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-55" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-55" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Generate a representative palette of a given video using <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i file.ts -vf find_rect=newref.pgm,cover_rect=cover.jpg:mode=cover new.mkv
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="cover_005frect"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.45 cover_rect<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#cover_005frect" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-cover_005frect" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Cover a rectangular object
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>cover</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Filepath of the optional cover image, needs to be in yuv420.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set covering mode.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>cover</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>cover it by the supplied image
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>blur</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>cover it by interpolating the surrounding pixels
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <var>blur</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-56"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.45.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-56" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-56" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Generate a representative palette of a given video using <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i file.ts -vf find_rect=newref.pgm,cover_rect=cover.jpg:mode=cover new.mkv
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="format"></a><a name="format-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.46 format<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#format-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-format-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert the input video to one of the specified pixel formats.
Libavfilter will try to pick one that is suitable as input to
the next filter.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>pix_fmts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A ’|’-separated list of pixel format names, such as
"pix_fmts=yuv420p|monow|rgb24".
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-57"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.46.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-57" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-57" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Convert the input video to the <var>yuv420p</var> format
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">format=pix_fmts=yuv420p
</pre></div>
<p>Convert the input video to any of the formats in the list
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">format=pix_fmts=yuv420p|yuv444p|yuv410p
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="fps"></a><a name="fps-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.47 fps<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#fps-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-fps-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert the video to specified constant frame rate by duplicating or dropping
frames as necessary.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>fps</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The desired output frame rate. The default is <code>25</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>round</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Rounding method.
</p>
<p>Possible values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>zero</samp></dt>
<dd><p>zero round towards 0
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>inf</samp></dt>
<dd><p>round away from 0
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>down</samp></dt>
<dd><p>round towards -infinity
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>up</samp></dt>
<dd><p>round towards +infinity
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>near</samp></dt>
<dd><p>round to nearest
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The default is <code>near</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_time</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Assume the first PTS should be the given value, in seconds. This allows for
padding/trimming at the start of stream. By default, no assumption is made
about the first frame’s expected PTS, so no padding or trimming is done.
For example, this could be set to 0 to pad the beginning with duplicates of
the first frame if a video stream starts after the audio stream or to trim any
frames with a negative PTS.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string:
<var>fps</var>[:<var>round</var>].
</p>
<p>See also the <a href="#setpts">setpts</a> filter.
</p>
<a name="Examples-58"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.47.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-58" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-58" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> A typical usage in order to set the fps to 25:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fps=fps=25
</pre></div>
</li><li> Sets the fps to 24, using abbreviation and rounding method to round to nearest:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fps=fps=film:round=near
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="framepack"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.48 framepack<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#framepack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-framepack" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Pack two different video streams into a stereoscopic video, setting proper
metadata on supported codecs. The two views should have the same size and
framerate and processing will stop when the shorter video ends. Please note
that you may conveniently adjust view properties with the <a href="#scale">scale</a> and
<a href="#fps">fps</a> filters.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The desired packing format. Supported values are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>sbs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The views are next to each other (default).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tab</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The views are on top of each other.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lines</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The views are packed by line.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>columns</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The views are packed by column.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>frameseq</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The views are temporally interleaved.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Some examples:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"># Convert left and right views into a frame-sequential video
ffmpeg -i LEFT -i RIGHT -filter_complex framepack=frameseq OUTPUT
# Convert views into a side-by-side video with the same output resolution as the input
ffmpeg -i LEFT -i RIGHT -filter_complex [0:v]scale=w=iw/2[left],[1:v]scale=w=iw/2[right],[left][right]framepack=sbs OUTPUT
</pre></div>
<a name="framerate"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.49 framerate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#framerate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-framerate" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Change the frame rate by interpolating new video output frames from the source
frames.
</p>
<p>This filter is not designed to function correctly with interlaced media. If
you wish to change the frame rate of interlaced media then you are required
to deinterlace before this filter and re-interlace after this filter.
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted options follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>fps</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the output frames per second. This option can also be specified
as a value alone. The default is <code>50</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>interp_start</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the start of a range where the output frame will be created as a
linear interpolation of two frames. The range is [<code>0</code>-<code>255</code>],
the default is <code>15</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>interp_end</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the end of a range where the output frame will be created as a
linear interpolation of two frames. The range is [<code>0</code>-<code>255</code>],
the default is <code>240</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>scene</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the level at which a scene change is detected as a value between
0 and 100 to indicate a new scene; a low value reflects a low
probability for the current frame to introduce a new scene, while a higher
value means the current frame is more likely to be one.
The default is <code>7</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>flags</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify flags influencing the filter process.
</p>
<p>Available value for <var>flags</var> is:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>scene_change_detect, scd</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable scene change detection using the value of the option <var>scene</var>.
This flag is enabled by default.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="framestep"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.50 framestep<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#framestep" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-framestep" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Select one frame every N-th frame.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following option:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>step</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select frame after every <code>step</code> frames.
Allowed values are positive integers higher than 0. Default value is <code>1</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="frei0r"></a><a name="frei0r-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.51 frei0r<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#frei0r-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-frei0r-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a frei0r effect to the input video.
</p>
<p>To enable the compilation of this filter, you need to install the frei0r
header and configure FFmpeg with <code>--enable-frei0r</code>.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>filter_name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The name of the frei0r effect to load. If the environment variable
<code>FREI0R_PATH</code> is defined, the frei0r effect is searched for in each of the
directories specified by the colon-separated list in <code>FREIOR_PATH</code>.
Otherwise, the standard frei0r paths are searched, in this order:
<samp>HOME/.frei0r-1/lib/</samp>, <samp>/usr/local/lib/frei0r-1/</samp>,
<samp>/usr/lib/frei0r-1/</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>filter_params</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A ’|’-separated list of parameters to pass to the frei0r effect.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>A frei0r effect parameter can be a boolean (its value is either
"y" or "n"), a double, a color (specified as
<var>R</var>/<var>G</var>/<var>B</var>, where <var>R</var>, <var>G</var>, and <var>B</var> are floating point
numbers between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive) or by a color description specified in the "Color"
section in the ffmpeg-utils manual), a position (specified as <var>X</var>/<var>Y</var>, where
<var>X</var> and <var>Y</var> are floating point numbers) and/or a string.
</p>
<p>The number and types of parameters depend on the loaded effect. If an
effect parameter is not specified, the default value is set.
</p>
<a name="Examples-59"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.51.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-59" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-59" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Apply the distort0r effect, setting the first two double parameters:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">frei0r=filter_name=distort0r:filter_params=0.5|0.01
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply the colordistance effect, taking a color as the first parameter:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">frei0r=colordistance:0.2/0.3/0.4
frei0r=colordistance:violet
frei0r=colordistance:0x112233
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply the perspective effect, specifying the top left and top right image
positions:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">frei0r=perspective:0.2/0.2|0.8/0.2
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<p>For more information, see
<a href="http://frei0r.dyne.org">http://frei0r.dyne.org</a>
</p>
<a name="fspp"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.52 fspp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#fspp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-fspp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply fast and simple postprocessing. It is a faster version of <a href="#spp">spp</a>.
</p>
<p>It splits (I)DCT into horizontal/vertical passes. Unlike the simple post-
processing filter, one of them is performed once per block, not per pixel.
This allows for much higher speed.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>quality</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set quality. This option defines the number of levels for averaging. It accepts
an integer in the range 4-5. Default value is <code>4</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>qp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force a constant quantization parameter. It accepts an integer in range 0-63.
If not set, the filter will use the QP from the video stream (if available).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>strength</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set filter strength. It accepts an integer in range -15 to 32. Lower values mean
more details but also more artifacts, while higher values make the image smoother
but also blurrier. Default value is <code>0</code> − PSNR optimal.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>use_bframe_qp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable the use of the QP from the B-Frames if set to <code>1</code>. Using this
option may cause flicker since the B-Frames have often larger QP. Default is
<code>0</code> (not enabled).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="geq"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.53 geq<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#geq" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-geq" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>lum_expr, lum</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the luminance expression.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>cb_expr, cb</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the chrominance blue expression.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>cr_expr, cr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the chrominance red expression.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>alpha_expr, a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the alpha expression.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>red_expr, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the red expression.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>green_expr, g</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the green expression.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>blue_expr, b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the blue expression.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The colorspace is selected according to the specified options. If one
of the <samp>lum_expr</samp>, <samp>cb_expr</samp>, or <samp>cr_expr</samp>
options is specified, the filter will automatically select a YCbCr
colorspace. If one of the <samp>red_expr</samp>, <samp>green_expr</samp>, or
<samp>blue_expr</samp> options is specified, it will select an RGB
colorspace.
</p>
<p>If one of the chrominance expression is not defined, it falls back on the other
one. If no alpha expression is specified it will evaluate to opaque value.
If none of chrominance expressions are specified, they will evaluate
to the luminance expression.
</p>
<p>The expressions can use the following variables and functions:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>N</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The sequential number of the filtered frame, starting from <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>X</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>Y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The coordinates of the current sample.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>W</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>H</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The width and height of the image.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>SW</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>SH</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Width and height scale depending on the currently filtered plane. It is the
ratio between the corresponding luma plane number of pixels and the current
plane ones. E.g. for YUV4:2:0 the values are <code>1,1</code> for the luma plane, and
<code>0.5,0.5</code> for chroma planes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>T</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Time of the current frame, expressed in seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>p(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the pixel at location (<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>) of the current
plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lum(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the pixel at location (<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>) of the luminance
plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cb(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the pixel at location (<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>) of the
blue-difference chroma plane. Return 0 if there is no such plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>cr(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the pixel at location (<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>) of the
red-difference chroma plane. Return 0 if there is no such plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>r(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>g(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>b(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the pixel at location (<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>) of the
red/green/blue component. Return 0 if there is no such component.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>alpha(x, y)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Return the value of the pixel at location (<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>) of the alpha
plane. Return 0 if there is no such plane.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For functions, if <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> are outside the area, the value will be
automatically clipped to the closer edge.
</p>
<a name="Examples-60"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.53.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-60" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-60" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Flip the image horizontally:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">geq=p(W-X\,Y)
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate a bidimensional sine wave, with angle <code>PI/3</code> and a
wavelength of 100 pixels:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">geq=128 + 100*sin(2*(PI/100)*(cos(PI/3)*(X-50*T) + sin(PI/3)*Y)):128:128
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate a fancy enigmatic moving light:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">nullsrc=s=256x256,geq=random(1)/hypot(X-cos(N*0.07)*W/2-W/2\,Y-sin(N*0.09)*H/2-H/2)^2*1000000*sin(N*0.02):128:128
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate a quick emboss effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">format=gray,geq=lum_expr='(p(X,Y)+(256-p(X-4,Y-4)))/2'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Modify RGB components depending on pixel position:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">geq=r='X/W*r(X,Y)':g='(1-X/W)*g(X,Y)':b='(H-Y)/H*b(X,Y)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Create a radial gradient that is the same size as the input (also see
the <a href="#vignette">vignette</a> filter):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">geq=lum=255*gauss((X/W-0.5)*3)*gauss((Y/H-0.5)*3)/gauss(0)/gauss(0),format=gray
</pre></div>
</li><li> Create a linear gradient to use as a mask for another filter, then
compose with <a href="#overlay">overlay</a>. In this example the video will gradually
become more blurry from the top to the bottom of the y-axis as defined
by the linear gradient:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "geq=lum=255*(Y/H),format=gray[grad];[0:v]boxblur=4[blur];[blur][grad]alphamerge[alpha];[0:v][alpha]overlay" output.mp4
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="gradfun"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.54 gradfun<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#gradfun" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-gradfun" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Fix the banding artifacts that are sometimes introduced into nearly flat
regions by truncation to 8bit color depth.
Interpolate the gradients that should go where the bands are, and
dither them.
</p>
<p>It is designed for playback only. Do not use it prior to
lossy compression, because compression tends to lose the dither and
bring back the bands.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>strength</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The maximum amount by which the filter will change any one pixel. This is also
the threshold for detecting nearly flat regions. Acceptable values range from
.51 to 64; the default value is 1.2. Out-of-range values will be clipped to the
valid range.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>radius</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The neighborhood to fit the gradient to. A larger radius makes for smoother
gradients, but also prevents the filter from modifying the pixels near detailed
regions. Acceptable values are 8-32; the default value is 16. Out-of-range
values will be clipped to the valid range.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string:
<var>strength</var>[:<var>radius</var>]
</p>
<a name="Examples-61"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.54.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-61" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-61" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Apply the filter with a <code>3.5</code> strength and radius of <code>8</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">gradfun=3.5:8
</pre></div>
</li><li> Specify radius, omitting the strength (which will fall-back to the default
value):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">gradfun=radius=8
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="haldclut"></a><a name="haldclut-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.55 haldclut<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#haldclut-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-haldclut-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a Hald CLUT to a video stream.
</p>
<p>First input is the video stream to process, and second one is the Hald CLUT.
The Hald CLUT input can be a simple picture or a complete video stream.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>shortest</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force termination when the shortest input terminates. Default is <code>0</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>repeatlast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Continue applying the last CLUT after the end of the stream. A value of
<code>0</code> disable the filter after the last frame of the CLUT is reached.
Default is <code>1</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p><code>haldclut</code> also has the same interpolation options as <a href="#lut3d">lut3d</a> (both
filters share the same internals).
</p>
<p>More information about the Hald CLUT can be found on Eskil Steenberg’s website
(Hald CLUT author) at <a href="http://www.quelsolaar.com/technology/clut.html">http://www.quelsolaar.com/technology/clut.html</a>.
</p>
<a name="Workflow-examples"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.55.1 Workflow examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Workflow-examples" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Workflow-examples" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<a name="Hald-CLUT-video-stream"></a>
<h4 class="subsubsection">28.55.1.1 Hald CLUT video stream<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Hald-CLUT-video-stream" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Hald-CLUT-video-stream" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Generate an identity Hald CLUT stream altered with various effects:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f lavfi -i <a href="#haldclutsrc">haldclutsrc</a>=8 -vf "hue=H=2*PI*t:s=sin(2*PI*t)+1, curves=cross_process" -t 10 -c:v ffv1 clut.nut
</pre></div>
<p>Note: make sure you use a lossless codec.
</p>
<p>Then use it with <code>haldclut</code> to apply it on some random stream:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f lavfi -i mandelbrot -i clut.nut -filter_complex '[0][1] haldclut' -t 20 mandelclut.mkv
</pre></div>
<p>The Hald CLUT will be applied to the 10 first seconds (duration of
<samp>clut.nut</samp>), then the latest picture of that CLUT stream will be applied
to the remaining frames of the <code>mandelbrot</code> stream.
</p>
<a name="Hald-CLUT-with-preview"></a>
<h4 class="subsubsection">28.55.1.2 Hald CLUT with preview<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Hald-CLUT-with-preview" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Hald-CLUT-with-preview" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>A Hald CLUT is supposed to be a squared image of <code>Level*Level*Level</code> by
<code>Level*Level*Level</code> pixels. For a given Hald CLUT, FFmpeg will select the
biggest possible square starting at the top left of the picture. The remaining
padding pixels (bottom or right) will be ignored. This area can be used to add
a preview of the Hald CLUT.
</p>
<p>Typically, the following generated Hald CLUT will be supported by the
<code>haldclut</code> filter:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -f lavfi -i <a href="#haldclutsrc">haldclutsrc</a>=8 -vf "
pad=iw+320 [padded_clut];
smptebars=s=320x256, split [a][b];
[padded_clut][a] overlay=W-320:h, curves=color_negative [main];
[main][b] overlay=W-320" -frames:v 1 clut.png
</pre></div>
<p>It contains the original and a preview of the effect of the CLUT: SMPTE color
bars are displayed on the right-top, and below the same color bars processed by
the color changes.
</p>
<p>Then, the effect of this Hald CLUT can be visualized with:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay input.mkv -vf "movie=clut.png, [in] haldclut"
</pre></div>
<a name="hflip"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.56 hflip<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#hflip" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-hflip" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Flip the input video horizontally.
</p>
<p>For example, to horizontally flip the input video with <code>ffmpeg</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf "hflip" out.avi
</pre></div>
<a name="histeq"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.57 histeq<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#histeq" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-histeq" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>This filter applies a global color histogram equalization on a
per-frame basis.
</p>
<p>It can be used to correct video that has a compressed range of pixel
intensities. The filter redistributes the pixel intensities to
equalize their distribution across the intensity range. It may be
viewed as an "automatically adjusting contrast filter". This filter is
useful only for correcting degraded or poorly captured source
video.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>strength</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Determine the amount of equalization to be applied. As the strength
is reduced, the distribution of pixel intensities more-and-more
approaches that of the input frame. The value must be a float number
in the range [0,1] and defaults to 0.200.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>intensity</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum intensity that can generated and scale the output
values appropriately. The strength should be set as desired and then
the intensity can be limited if needed to avoid washing-out. The value
must be a float number in the range [0,1] and defaults to 0.210.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>antibanding</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the antibanding level. If enabled the filter will randomly vary
the luminance of output pixels by a small amount to avoid banding of
the histogram. Possible values are <code>none</code>, <code>weak</code> or
<code>strong</code>. It defaults to <code>none</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="histogram"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.58 histogram<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#histogram" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-histogram" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Compute and draw a color distribution histogram for the input video.
</p>
<p>The computed histogram is a representation of the color component
distribution in an image.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set histogram mode.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>levels</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Standard histogram that displays the color components distribution in an
image. Displays color graph for each color component. Shows distribution of
the Y, U, V, A or R, G, B components, depending on input format, in the
current frame. Below each graph a color component scale meter is shown.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>color</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Displays chroma values (U/V color placement) in a two dimensional
graph (which is called a vectorscope). The brighter a pixel in the
vectorscope, the more pixels of the input frame correspond to that pixel
(i.e., more pixels have this chroma value). The V component is displayed on
the horizontal (X) axis, with the leftmost side being V = 0 and the rightmost
side being V = 255. The U component is displayed on the vertical (Y) axis,
with the top representing U = 0 and the bottom representing U = 255.
</p>
<p>The position of a white pixel in the graph corresponds to the chroma value of
a pixel of the input clip. The graph can therefore be used to read the hue
(color flavor) and the saturation (the dominance of the hue in the color). As
the hue of a color changes, it moves around the square. At the center of the
square the saturation is zero, which means that the corresponding pixel has no
color. If the amount of a specific color is increased (while leaving the other
colors unchanged) the saturation increases, and the indicator moves towards
the edge of the square.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>color2</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Chroma values in vectorscope, similar as <code>color</code> but actual chroma values
are displayed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>waveform</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Per row/column color component graph. In row mode, the graph on the left side
represents color component value 0 and the right side represents value = 255.
In column mode, the top side represents color component value = 0 and bottom
side represents value = 255.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>levels</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>level_height</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set height of level in <code>levels</code>. Default value is <code>200</code>.
Allowed range is [50, 2048].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>scale_height</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set height of color scale in <code>levels</code>. Default value is <code>12</code>.
Allowed range is [0, 40].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>step</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set step for <code>waveform</code> mode. Smaller values are useful to find out how
many values of the same luminance are distributed across input rows/columns.
Default value is <code>10</code>. Allowed range is [1, 255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>waveform_mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set mode for <code>waveform</code>. Can be either <code>row</code>, or <code>column</code>.
Default is <code>row</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>waveform_mirror</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set mirroring mode for <code>waveform</code>. <code>0</code> means unmirrored, <code>1</code>
means mirrored. In mirrored mode, higher values will be represented on the left
side for <code>row</code> mode and at the top for <code>column</code> mode. Default is
<code>0</code> (unmirrored).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>display_mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set display mode for <code>waveform</code> and <code>levels</code>.
It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>parade</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Display separate graph for the color components side by side in
<code>row</code> waveform mode or one below the other in <code>column</code> waveform mode
for <code>waveform</code> histogram mode. For <code>levels</code> histogram mode,
per color component graphs are placed below each other.
</p>
<p>Using this display mode in <code>waveform</code> histogram mode makes it easy to
spot color casts in the highlights and shadows of an image, by comparing the
contours of the top and the bottom graphs of each waveform. Since whites,
grays, and blacks are characterized by exactly equal amounts of red, green,
and blue, neutral areas of the picture should display three waveforms of
roughly equal width/height. If not, the correction is easy to perform by
making level adjustments the three waveforms.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>overlay</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Presents information identical to that in the <code>parade</code>, except
that the graphs representing color components are superimposed directly
over one another.
</p>
<p>This display mode in <code>waveform</code> histogram mode makes it easier to spot
relative differences or similarities in overlapping areas of the color
components that are supposed to be identical, such as neutral whites, grays,
or blacks.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>parade</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>levels_mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set mode for <code>levels</code>. Can be either <code>linear</code>, or <code>logarithmic</code>.
Default is <code>linear</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>components</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set what color components to display for mode <code>levels</code>.
Default is <code>7</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-62"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.58.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-62" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-62" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Calculate and draw histogram:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -i input -vf histogram
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="hqdn3d"></a><a name="hqdn3d-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.59 hqdn3d<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#hqdn3d-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-hqdn3d-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>This is a high precision/quality 3d denoise filter. It aims to reduce
image noise, producing smooth images and making still images really
still. It should enhance compressibility.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following optional parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>luma_spatial</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A non-negative floating point number which specifies spatial luma strength.
It defaults to 4.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_spatial</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A non-negative floating point number which specifies spatial chroma strength.
It defaults to 3.0*<var>luma_spatial</var>/4.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_tmp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A floating point number which specifies luma temporal strength. It defaults to
6.0*<var>luma_spatial</var>/4.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_tmp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A floating point number which specifies chroma temporal strength. It defaults to
<var>luma_tmp</var>*<var>chroma_spatial</var>/<var>luma_spatial</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="hqx"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.60 hqx<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#hqx" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-hqx" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a high-quality magnification filter designed for pixel art. This filter
was originally created by Maxim Stepin.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the scaling dimension: <code>2</code> for <code>hq2x</code>, <code>3</code> for
<code>hq3x</code> and <code>4</code> for <code>hq4x</code>.
Default is <code>3</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="hstack"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.61 hstack<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#hstack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-hstack" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Stack input videos horizontally.
</p>
<p>All streams must be of same pixel format and of same height.
</p>
<p>Note that this filter is faster than using <a href="#overlay">overlay</a> and <a href="#pad">pad</a> filter
to create same output.
</p>
<p>The filter accept the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>nb_inputs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of input streams. Default is 2.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="hue"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.62 hue<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#hue" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-hue" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Modify the hue and/or the saturation of the input.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the hue angle as a number of degrees. It accepts an expression,
and defaults to "0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the saturation in the [-10,10] range. It accepts an expression and
defaults to "1".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>H</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the hue angle as a number of radians. It accepts an
expression, and defaults to "0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the brightness in the [-10,10] range. It accepts an expression and
defaults to "0".
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p><samp>h</samp> and <samp>H</samp> are mutually exclusive, and can’t be
specified at the same time.
</p>
<p>The <samp>b</samp>, <samp>h</samp>, <samp>H</samp> and <samp>s</samp> option values are
expressions containing the following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>frame count of the input frame starting from 0
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>presentation timestamp of the input frame expressed in time base units
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>frame rate of the input video, NAN if the input frame rate is unknown
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tb</samp></dt>
<dd><p>time base of the input video
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-63"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.62.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-63" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-63" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Set the hue to 90 degrees and the saturation to 1.0:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">hue=h=90:s=1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Same command but expressing the hue in radians:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">hue=H=PI/2:s=1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Rotate hue and make the saturation swing between 0
and 2 over a period of 1 second:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">hue="H=2*PI*t: s=sin(2*PI*t)+1"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply a 3 seconds saturation fade-in effect starting at 0:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">hue="s=min(t/3\,1)"
</pre></div>
<p>The general fade-in expression can be written as:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">hue="s=min(0\, max((t-START)/DURATION\, 1))"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply a 3 seconds saturation fade-out effect starting at 5 seconds:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">hue="s=max(0\, min(1\, (8-t)/3))"
</pre></div>
<p>The general fade-out expression can be written as:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">hue="s=max(0\, min(1\, (START+DURATION-t)/DURATION))"
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="Commands-4"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.62.2 Commands<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands-4" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands-4" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>This filter supports the following commands:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>b</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>H</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Modify the hue and/or the saturation and/or brightness of the input video.
The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
</p>
<p>If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
value.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="idet"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.63 idet<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#idet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-idet" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Detect video interlacing type.
</p>
<p>This filter tries to detect if the input frames as interlaced, progressive,
top or bottom field first. It will also try and detect fields that are
repeated between adjacent frames (a sign of telecine).
</p>
<p>Single frame detection considers only immediately adjacent frames when classifying each frame.
Multiple frame detection incorporates the classification history of previous frames.
</p>
<p>The filter will log these metadata values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>single.current_frame</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Detected type of current frame using single-frame detection. One of:
“tff” (top field first), “bff” (bottom field first),
“progressive”, or “undetermined”
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>single.tff</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames detected as top field first using single-frame detection.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>multiple.tff</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames detected as top field first using multiple-frame detection.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>single.bff</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames detected as bottom field first using single-frame detection.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>multiple.current_frame</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Detected type of current frame using multiple-frame detection. One of:
“tff” (top field first), “bff” (bottom field first),
“progressive”, or “undetermined”
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>multiple.bff</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames detected as bottom field first using multiple-frame detection.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>single.progressive</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames detected as progressive using single-frame detection.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>multiple.progressive</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames detected as progressive using multiple-frame detection.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>single.undetermined</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames that could not be classified using single-frame detection.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>multiple.undetermined</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames that could not be classified using multiple-frame detection.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>repeated.current_frame</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Which field in the current frame is repeated from the last. One of “neither”, “top”, or “bottom”.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>repeated.neither</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames with no repeated field.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>repeated.top</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames with the top field repeated from the previous frame’s top field.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>repeated.bottom</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cumulative number of frames with the bottom field repeated from the previous frame’s bottom field.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>intl_thres</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set interlacing threshold.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>prog_thres</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set progressive threshold.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>repeat_thres</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Threshold for repeated field detection.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>half_life</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Number of frames after which a given frame’s contribution to the
statistics is halved (i.e., it contributes only 0.5 to it’s
classification). The default of 0 means that all frames seen are given
full weight of 1.0 forever.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>analyze_interlaced_flag</samp></dt>
<dd><p>When this is not 0 then idet will use the specified number of frames to determine
if the interlaced flag is accurate, it will not count undetermined frames.
If the flag is found to be accurate it will be used without any further
computations, if it is found to be inaccurate it will be cleared without any
further computations. This allows inserting the idet filter as a low computational
method to clean up the interlaced flag
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="il"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.64 il<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#il" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-il" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Deinterleave or interleave fields.
</p>
<p>This filter allows one to process interlaced images fields without
deinterlacing them. Deinterleaving splits the input frame into 2
fields (so called half pictures). Odd lines are moved to the top
half of the output image, even lines to the bottom half.
You can process (filter) them independently and then re-interleave them.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>luma_mode, l</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>chroma_mode, c</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>alpha_mode, a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Available values for <var>luma_mode</var>, <var>chroma_mode</var> and
<var>alpha_mode</var> are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Do nothing.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>deinterleave, d</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Deinterleave fields, placing one above the other.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>interleave, i</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Interleave fields. Reverse the effect of deinterleaving.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>none</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_swap, ls</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>chroma_swap, cs</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>alpha_swap, as</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Swap luma/chroma/alpha fields. Exchange even & odd lines. Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="inflate"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.65 inflate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#inflate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-inflate" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply inflate effect to the video.
</p>
<p>This filter replaces the pixel by the local(3x3) average by taking into account
only values higher than the pixel.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>threshold0</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold1</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold2</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>threshold3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Limit the maximum change for each plane, default is 65535.
If 0, plane will remain unchanged.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="interlace"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.66 interlace<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#interlace" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-interlace" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Simple interlacing filter from progressive contents. This interleaves upper (or
lower) lines from odd frames with lower (or upper) lines from even frames,
halving the frame rate and preserving image height.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"> Original Original New Frame
Frame 'j' Frame 'j+1' (tff)
========== =========== ==================
Line 0 --------------------> Frame 'j' Line 0
Line 1 Line 1 ----> Frame 'j+1' Line 1
Line 2 ---------------------> Frame 'j' Line 2
Line 3 Line 3 ----> Frame 'j+1' Line 3
... ... ...
New Frame + 1 will be generated by Frame 'j+2' and Frame 'j+3' and so on
</pre></div>
<p>It accepts the following optional parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>scan</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This determines whether the interlaced frame is taken from the even
(tff - default) or odd (bff) lines of the progressive frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lowpass</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable (default) or disable the vertical lowpass filter to avoid twitter
interlacing and reduce moire patterns.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="kerndeint"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.67 kerndeint<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#kerndeint" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-kerndeint" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Deinterlace input video by applying Donald Graft’s adaptive kernel
deinterling. Work on interlaced parts of a video to produce
progressive frames.
</p>
<p>The description of the accepted parameters follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>thresh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the threshold which affects the filter’s tolerance when
determining if a pixel line must be processed. It must be an integer
in the range [0,255] and defaults to 10. A value of 0 will result in
applying the process on every pixels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>map</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Paint pixels exceeding the threshold value to white if set to 1.
Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>order</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the fields order. Swap fields if set to 1, leave fields alone if
0. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sharp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable additional sharpening if set to 1. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>twoway</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable twoway sharpening if set to 1. Default is 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-64"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.67.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-64" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-64" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Apply default values:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">kerndeint=thresh=10:map=0:order=0:sharp=0:twoway=0
</pre></div>
</li><li> Enable additional sharpening:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">kerndeint=sharp=1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Paint processed pixels in white:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">kerndeint=map=1
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="lenscorrection"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.68 lenscorrection<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#lenscorrection" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-lenscorrection" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Correct radial lens distortion
</p>
<p>This filter can be used to correct for radial distortion as can result from the use
of wide angle lenses, and thereby re-rectify the image. To find the right parameters
one can use tools available for example as part of opencv or simply trial-and-error.
To use opencv use the calibration sample (under samples/cpp) from the opencv sources
and extract the k1 and k2 coefficients from the resulting matrix.
</p>
<p>Note that effectively the same filter is available in the open-source tools Krita and
Digikam from the KDE project.
</p>
<p>In contrast to the <a href="#vignette">vignette</a> filter, which can also be used to compensate lens errors,
this filter corrects the distortion of the image, whereas <a href="#vignette">vignette</a> corrects the
brightness distribution, so you may want to use both filters together in certain
cases, though you will have to take care of ordering, i.e. whether vignetting should
be applied before or after lens correction.
</p>
<a name="Options-27"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.68.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-27" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-27" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>cx</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Relative x-coordinate of the focal point of the image, and thereby the center of the
distortion. This value has a range [0,1] and is expressed as fractions of the image
width.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>cy</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Relative y-coordinate of the focal point of the image, and thereby the center of the
distortion. This value has a range [0,1] and is expressed as fractions of the image
height.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>k1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Coefficient of the quadratic correction term. 0.5 means no correction.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>k2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Coefficient of the double quadratic correction term. 0.5 means no correction.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The formula that generates the correction is:
</p>
<p><var>r_src</var> = <var>r_tgt</var> * (1 + <var>k1</var> * (<var>r_tgt</var> / <var>r_0</var>)^2 + <var>k2</var> * (<var>r_tgt</var> / <var>r_0</var>)^4)
</p>
<p>where <var>r_0</var> is halve of the image diagonal and <var>r_src</var> and <var>r_tgt</var> are the
distances from the focal point in the source and target images, respectively.
</p>
<a name="lut3d"></a><a name="lut3d-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.69 lut3d<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#lut3d-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-lut3d-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a 3D LUT to an input video.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>file</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the 3D LUT file name.
</p>
<p>Currently supported formats:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>3dl</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>AfterEffects
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>cube</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Iridas
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>dat</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>DaVinci
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>m3d</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Pandora
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>interp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select interpolation mode.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>nearest</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use values from the nearest defined point.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>trilinear</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Interpolate values using the 8 points defining a cube.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>tetrahedral</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Interpolate values using a tetrahedron.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="lut_002c-lutrgb_002c-lutyuv"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.70 lut, lutrgb, lutyuv<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#lut_002c-lutrgb_002c-lutyuv" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-lut_002c-lutrgb_002c-lutyuv" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Compute a look-up table for binding each pixel component input value
to an output value, and apply it to the input video.
</p>
<p><var>lutyuv</var> applies a lookup table to a YUV input video, <var>lutrgb</var>
to an RGB input video.
</p>
<p>These filters accept the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>c0</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set first pixel component expression
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>c1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set second pixel component expression
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>c2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set third pixel component expression
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>c3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set fourth pixel component expression, corresponds to the alpha component
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set red component expression
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>g</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set green component expression
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set blue component expression
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>alpha component expression
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set Y/luminance component expression
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>u</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set U/Cb component expression
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>v</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set V/Cr component expression
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Each of them specifies the expression to use for computing the lookup table for
the corresponding pixel component values.
</p>
<p>The exact component associated to each of the <var>c*</var> options depends on the
format in input.
</p>
<p>The <var>lut</var> filter requires either YUV or RGB pixel formats in input,
<var>lutrgb</var> requires RGB pixel formats in input, and <var>lutyuv</var> requires YUV.
</p>
<p>The expressions can contain the following constants and functions:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input width and height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>val</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input value for the pixel component.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>clipval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input value, clipped to the <var>minval</var>-<var>maxval</var> range.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>maxval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The maximum value for the pixel component.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>minval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The minimum value for the pixel component.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>negval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The negated value for the pixel component value, clipped to the
<var>minval</var>-<var>maxval</var> range; it corresponds to the expression
"maxval-clipval+minval".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>clip(val)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The computed value in <var>val</var>, clipped to the
<var>minval</var>-<var>maxval</var> range.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gammaval(gamma)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The computed gamma correction value of the pixel component value,
clipped to the <var>minval</var>-<var>maxval</var> range. It corresponds to the
expression
"pow((clipval-minval)/(maxval-minval)\,<var>gamma</var>)*(maxval-minval)+minval"
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>All expressions default to "val".
</p>
<a name="Examples-65"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.70.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-65" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-65" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Negate input video:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">lutrgb="r=maxval+minval-val:g=maxval+minval-val:b=maxval+minval-val"
lutyuv="y=maxval+minval-val:u=maxval+minval-val:v=maxval+minval-val"
</pre></div>
<p>The above is the same as:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">lutrgb="r=negval:g=negval:b=negval"
lutyuv="y=negval:u=negval:v=negval"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Negate luminance:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">lutyuv=y=negval
</pre></div>
</li><li> Remove chroma components, turning the video into a graytone image:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">lutyuv="u=128:v=128"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply a luma burning effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">lutyuv="y=2*val"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Remove green and blue components:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">lutrgb="g=0:b=0"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set a constant alpha channel value on input:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">format=rgba,lutrgb=a="maxval-minval/2"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Correct luminance gamma by a factor of 0.5:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">lutyuv=y=gammaval(0.5)
</pre></div>
</li><li> Discard least significant bits of luma:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">lutyuv=y='bitand(val, 128+64+32)'
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="mergeplanes"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.71 mergeplanes<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mergeplanes" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mergeplanes" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Merge color channel components from several video streams.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts up to 4 input streams, and merge selected input
planes to the output video.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mapping</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set input to output plane mapping. Default is <code>0</code>.
</p>
<p>The mappings is specified as a bitmap. It should be specified as a
hexadecimal number in the form 0xAa[Bb[Cc[Dd]]]. ’Aa’ describes the
mapping for the first plane of the output stream. ’A’ sets the number of
the input stream to use (from 0 to 3), and ’a’ the plane number of the
corresponding input to use (from 0 to 3). The rest of the mappings is
similar, ’Bb’ describes the mapping for the output stream second
plane, ’Cc’ describes the mapping for the output stream third plane and
’Dd’ describes the mapping for the output stream fourth plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set output pixel format. Default is <code>yuva444p</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-66"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.71.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-66" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-66" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Merge three gray video streams of same width and height into single video stream:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">[a0][a1][a2]mergeplanes=0x001020:yuv444p
</pre></div>
</li><li> Merge 1st yuv444p stream and 2nd gray video stream into yuva444p video stream:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">[a0][a1]mergeplanes=0x00010210:yuva444p
</pre></div>
</li><li> Swap Y and A plane in yuva444p stream:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">format=yuva444p,mergeplanes=0x03010200:yuva444p
</pre></div>
</li><li> Swap U and V plane in yuv420p stream:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">format=yuv420p,mergeplanes=0x000201:yuv420p
</pre></div>
</li><li> Cast a rgb24 clip to yuv444p:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">format=rgb24,mergeplanes=0x000102:yuv444p
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="mcdeint"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.72 mcdeint<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mcdeint" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mcdeint" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply motion-compensation deinterlacing.
</p>
<p>It needs one field per frame as input and must thus be used together
with yadif=1/3 or equivalent.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the deinterlacing mode.
</p>
<p>It accepts one of the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>fast</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>medium</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>slow</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>use iterative motion estimation
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>extra_slow</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>like ‘<samp>slow</samp>’, but use multiple reference frames.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>fast</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>parity</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the picture field parity assumed for the input video. It must be
one of the following values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>0, tff</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>assume top field first
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>1, bff</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>assume bottom field first
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>bff</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>qp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set per-block quantization parameter (QP) used by the internal
encoder.
</p>
<p>Higher values should result in a smoother motion vector field but less
optimal individual vectors. Default value is 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="mpdecimate"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.73 mpdecimate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mpdecimate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mpdecimate" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Drop frames that do not differ greatly from the previous frame in
order to reduce frame rate.
</p>
<p>The main use of this filter is for very-low-bitrate encoding
(e.g. streaming over dialup modem), but it could in theory be used for
fixing movies that were inverse-telecined incorrectly.
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted options follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>max</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum number of consecutive frames which can be dropped (if
positive), or the minimum interval between dropped frames (if
negative). If the value is 0, the frame is dropped unregarding the
number of previous sequentially dropped frames.
</p>
<p>Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hi</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>lo</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>frac</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the dropping threshold values.
</p>
<p>Values for <samp>hi</samp> and <samp>lo</samp> are for 8x8 pixel blocks and
represent actual pixel value differences, so a threshold of 64
corresponds to 1 unit of difference for each pixel, or the same spread
out differently over the block.
</p>
<p>A frame is a candidate for dropping if no 8x8 blocks differ by more
than a threshold of <samp>hi</samp>, and if no more than <samp>frac</samp> blocks (1
meaning the whole image) differ by more than a threshold of <samp>lo</samp>.
</p>
<p>Default value for <samp>hi</samp> is 64*12, default value for <samp>lo</samp> is
64*5, and default value for <samp>frac</samp> is 0.33.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="negate"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.74 negate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#negate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-negate" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Negate input video.
</p>
<p>It accepts an integer in input; if non-zero it negates the
alpha component (if available). The default value in input is 0.
</p>
<a name="noformat"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.75 noformat<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#noformat" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-noformat" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Force libavfilter not to use any of the specified pixel formats for the
input to the next filter.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>pix_fmts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A ’|’-separated list of pixel format names, such as
apix_fmts=yuv420p|monow|rgb24".
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-67"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.75.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-67" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-67" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Force libavfilter to use a format different from <var>yuv420p</var> for the
input to the vflip filter:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">noformat=pix_fmts=yuv420p,vflip
</pre></div>
</li><li> Convert the input video to any of the formats not contained in the list:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">noformat=yuv420p|yuv444p|yuv410p
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="noise-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.76 noise<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#noise-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-noise-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Add noise on video input frame.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>all_seed</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c0_seed</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c1_seed</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c2_seed</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c3_seed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set noise seed for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
of <var>all_seed</var>. Default value is <code>123457</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>all_strength, alls</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c0_strength, c0s</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c1_strength, c1s</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c2_strength, c2s</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c3_strength, c3s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set noise strength for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
<var>all_strength</var>. Default value is <code>0</code>. Allowed range is [0, 100].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>all_flags, allf</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c0_flags, c0f</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c1_flags, c1f</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c2_flags, c2f</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>c3_flags, c3f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set pixel component flags or set flags for all components if <var>all_flags</var>.
Available values for component flags are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>a</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>averaged temporal noise (smoother)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>p</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>mix random noise with a (semi)regular pattern
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>t</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>temporal noise (noise pattern changes between frames)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>u</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>uniform noise (gaussian otherwise)
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-68"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.76.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-68" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-68" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Add temporal and uniform noise to input video:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">noise=alls=20:allf=t+u
</pre></div>
<a name="null"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.77 null<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#null" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-null" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Pass the video source unchanged to the output.
</p>
<a name="ocv"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.78 ocv<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ocv" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ocv" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a video transform using libopencv.
</p>
<p>To enable this filter, install the libopencv library and headers and
configure FFmpeg with <code>--enable-libopencv</code>.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>filter_name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The name of the libopencv filter to apply.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>filter_params</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The parameters to pass to the libopencv filter. If not specified, the default
values are assumed.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Refer to the official libopencv documentation for more precise
information:
<a href="http://docs.opencv.org/master/modules/imgproc/doc/filtering.html">http://docs.opencv.org/master/modules/imgproc/doc/filtering.html</a>
</p>
<p>Several libopencv filters are supported; see the following subsections.
</p>
<a name="dilate"></a><a name="dilate-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.78.1 dilate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#dilate-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-dilate-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Dilate an image by using a specific structuring element.
It corresponds to the libopencv function <code>cvDilate</code>.
</p>
<p>It accepts the parameters: <var>struct_el</var>|<var>nb_iterations</var>.
</p>
<p><var>struct_el</var> represents a structuring element, and has the syntax:
<var>cols</var>x<var>rows</var>+<var>anchor_x</var>x<var>anchor_y</var>/<var>shape</var>
</p>
<p><var>cols</var> and <var>rows</var> represent the number of columns and rows of
the structuring element, <var>anchor_x</var> and <var>anchor_y</var> the anchor
point, and <var>shape</var> the shape for the structuring element. <var>shape</var>
must be "rect", "cross", "ellipse", or "custom".
</p>
<p>If the value for <var>shape</var> is "custom", it must be followed by a
string of the form "=<var>filename</var>". The file with name
<var>filename</var> is assumed to represent a binary image, with each
printable character corresponding to a bright pixel. When a custom
<var>shape</var> is used, <var>cols</var> and <var>rows</var> are ignored, the number
or columns and rows of the read file are assumed instead.
</p>
<p>The default value for <var>struct_el</var> is "3x3+0x0/rect".
</p>
<p><var>nb_iterations</var> specifies the number of times the transform is
applied to the image, and defaults to 1.
</p>
<p>Some examples:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"># Use the default values
ocv=dilate
# Dilate using a structuring element with a 5x5 cross, iterating two times
ocv=filter_name=dilate:filter_params=5x5+2x2/cross|2
# Read the shape from the file diamond.shape, iterating two times.
# The file diamond.shape may contain a pattern of characters like this
# *
# ***
# *****
# ***
# *
# The specified columns and rows are ignored
# but the anchor point coordinates are not
ocv=dilate:0x0+2x2/custom=diamond.shape|2
</pre></div>
<a name="erode"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.78.2 erode<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#erode" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-erode" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Erode an image by using a specific structuring element.
It corresponds to the libopencv function <code>cvErode</code>.
</p>
<p>It accepts the parameters: <var>struct_el</var>:<var>nb_iterations</var>,
with the same syntax and semantics as the <a href="#dilate">dilate</a> filter.
</p>
<a name="smooth"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.78.3 smooth<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#smooth" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-smooth" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Smooth the input video.
</p>
<p>The filter takes the following parameters:
<var>type</var>|<var>param1</var>|<var>param2</var>|<var>param3</var>|<var>param4</var>.
</p>
<p><var>type</var> is the type of smooth filter to apply, and must be one of
the following values: "blur", "blur_no_scale", "median", "gaussian",
or "bilateral". The default value is "gaussian".
</p>
<p>The meaning of <var>param1</var>, <var>param2</var>, <var>param3</var>, and <var>param4</var>
depend on the smooth type. <var>param1</var> and
<var>param2</var> accept integer positive values or 0. <var>param3</var> and
<var>param4</var> accept floating point values.
</p>
<p>The default value for <var>param1</var> is 3. The default value for the
other parameters is 0.
</p>
<p>These parameters correspond to the parameters assigned to the
libopencv function <code>cvSmooth</code>.
</p>
<a name="overlay"></a><a name="overlay-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.79 overlay<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#overlay-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-overlay-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Overlay one video on top of another.
</p>
<p>It takes two inputs and has one output. The first input is the "main"
video on which the second input is overlaid.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted options follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the expression for the x and y coordinates of the overlaid video
on the main video. Default value is "0" for both expressions. In case
the expression is invalid, it is set to a huge value (meaning that the
overlay will not be displayed within the output visible area).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>eof_action</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The action to take when EOF is encountered on the secondary input; it accepts
one of the following values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>repeat</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Repeat the last frame (the default).
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>endall</samp></dt>
<dd><p>End both streams.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>pass</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Pass the main input through.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>eval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set when the expressions for <samp>x</samp>, and <samp>y</samp> are evaluated.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>init</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>only evaluate expressions once during the filter initialization or
when a command is processed
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>frame</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>evaluate expressions for each incoming frame
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>frame</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>shortest</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, force the output to terminate when the shortest input
terminates. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>format</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the format for the output video.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>yuv420</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>force YUV420 output
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>yuv422</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>force YUV422 output
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>yuv444</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>force YUV444 output
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rgb</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>force RGB output
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>yuv420</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rgb <em>(deprecated)</em></samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, force the filter to accept inputs in the RGB
color space. Default value is 0. This option is deprecated, use
<samp>format</samp> instead.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>repeatlast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, force the filter to draw the last overlay frame over the
main input until the end of the stream. A value of 0 disables this
behavior. Default value is 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The <samp>x</samp>, and <samp>y</samp> expressions can contain the following
parameters.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>main_w, W</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>main_h, H</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The main input width and height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>overlay_w, w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>overlay_h, h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The overlay input width and height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The computed values for <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>. They are evaluated for
each new frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hsub</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>vsub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values of the output
format. For example for the pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and
<var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the number of input frame, starting from 0
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pos</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the position in the file of the input frame, NAN if unknown
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The timestamp, expressed in seconds. It’s NAN if the input timestamp is unknown.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Note that the <var>n</var>, <var>pos</var>, <var>t</var> variables are available only
when evaluation is done <em>per frame</em>, and will evaluate to NAN
when <samp>eval</samp> is set to ‘<samp>init</samp>’.
</p>
<p>Be aware that frames are taken from each input video in timestamp
order, hence, if their initial timestamps differ, it is a good idea
to pass the two inputs through a <var>setpts=PTS-STARTPTS</var> filter to
have them begin in the same zero timestamp, as the example for
the <var>movie</var> filter does.
</p>
<p>You can chain together more overlays but you should test the
efficiency of such approach.
</p>
<a name="Commands-5"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.79.1 Commands<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands-5" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands-5" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>This filter supports the following commands:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Modify the x and y of the overlay input.
The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
</p>
<p>If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
value.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-69"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.79.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-69" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-69" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Draw the overlay at 10 pixels from the bottom right corner of the main
video:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">overlay=main_w-overlay_w-10:main_h-overlay_h-10
</pre></div>
<p>Using named options the example above becomes:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">overlay=x=main_w-overlay_w-10:y=main_h-overlay_h-10
</pre></div>
</li><li> Insert a transparent PNG logo in the bottom left corner of the input,
using the <code>ffmpeg</code> tool with the <code>-filter_complex</code> option:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input -i logo -filter_complex 'overlay=10:main_h-overlay_h-10' output
</pre></div>
</li><li> Insert 2 different transparent PNG logos (second logo on bottom
right corner) using the <code>ffmpeg</code> tool:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input -i logo1 -i logo2 -filter_complex 'overlay=x=10:y=H-h-10,overlay=x=W-w-10:y=H-h-10' output
</pre></div>
</li><li> Add a transparent color layer on top of the main video; <code>WxH</code>
must specify the size of the main input to the overlay filter:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">color=color=red@.3:size=WxH [over]; [in][over] overlay [out]
</pre></div>
</li><li> Play an original video and a filtered version (here with the deshake
filter) side by side using the <code>ffplay</code> tool:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay input.avi -vf 'split[a][b]; [a]pad=iw*2:ih[src]; [b]deshake[filt]; [src][filt]overlay=w'
</pre></div>
<p>The above command is the same as:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay input.avi -vf 'split[b], pad=iw*2[src], [b]deshake, [src]overlay=w'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Make a sliding overlay appearing from the left to the right top part of the
screen starting since time 2:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">overlay=x='if(gte(t,2), -w+(t-2)*20, NAN)':y=0
</pre></div>
</li><li> Compose output by putting two input videos side to side:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i left.avi -i right.avi -filter_complex "
nullsrc=size=200x100 [background];
[0:v] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, scale=100x100 [left];
[1:v] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, scale=100x100 [right];
[background][left] overlay=shortest=1 [background+left];
[background+left][right] overlay=shortest=1:x=100 [left+right]
"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Mask 10-20 seconds of a video by applying the delogo filter to a section
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i test.avi -codec:v:0 wmv2 -ar 11025 -b:v 9000k
-vf '[in]split[split_main][split_delogo];[split_delogo]trim=start=360:end=371,delogo=0:0:640:480[delogoed];[split_main][delogoed]overlay=eof_action=pass[out]'
masked.avi
</pre></div>
</li><li> Chain several overlays in cascade:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">nullsrc=s=200x200 [bg];
testsrc=s=100x100, split=4 [in0][in1][in2][in3];
[in0] lutrgb=r=0, [bg] overlay=0:0 [mid0];
[in1] lutrgb=g=0, [mid0] overlay=100:0 [mid1];
[in2] lutrgb=b=0, [mid1] overlay=0:100 [mid2];
[in3] null, [mid2] overlay=100:100 [out0]
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="owdenoise"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.80 owdenoise<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#owdenoise" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-owdenoise" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply Overcomplete Wavelet denoiser.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>depth</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set depth.
</p>
<p>Larger depth values will denoise lower frequency components more, but
slow down filtering.
</p>
<p>Must be an int in the range 8-16, default is <code>8</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_strength, ls</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set luma strength.
</p>
<p>Must be a double value in the range 0-1000, default is <code>1.0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_strength, cs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set chroma strength.
</p>
<p>Must be a double value in the range 0-1000, default is <code>1.0</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="pad"></a><a name="pad-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.81 pad<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#pad-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-pad-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Add paddings to the input image, and place the original input at the
provided <var>x</var>, <var>y</var> coordinates.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>height, h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify an expression for the size of the output image with the
paddings added. If the value for <var>width</var> or <var>height</var> is 0, the
corresponding input size is used for the output.
</p>
<p>The <var>width</var> expression can reference the value set by the
<var>height</var> expression, and vice versa.
</p>
<p>The default value of <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the offsets to place the input image at within the padded area,
with respect to the top/left border of the output image.
</p>
<p>The <var>x</var> expression can reference the value set by the <var>y</var>
expression, and vice versa.
</p>
<p>The default value of <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>color</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the color of the padded area. For the syntax of this option,
check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
</p>
<p>The default value of <var>color</var> is "black".
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The value for the <var>width</var>, <var>height</var>, <var>x</var>, and <var>y</var>
options are expressions containing the following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>in_w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>in_h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input video width and height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>iw</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ih</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These are the same as <var>in_w</var> and <var>in_h</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>out_h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The output width and height (the size of the padded area), as
specified by the <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> expressions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ow</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>oh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These are the same as <var>out_w</var> and <var>out_h</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The x and y offsets as specified by the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>
expressions, or NAN if not yet specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>same as <var>iw</var> / <var>ih</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>input sample aspect ratio
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (<var>iw</var> / <var>ih</var>) * <var>sar</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hsub</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>vsub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-70"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.81.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-70" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-70" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Add paddings with the color "violet" to the input video. The output video
size is 640x480, and the top-left corner of the input video is placed at
column 0, row 40
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">pad=640:480:0:40:violet
</pre></div>
<p>The example above is equivalent to the following command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">pad=width=640:height=480:x=0:y=40:color=violet
</pre></div>
</li><li> Pad the input to get an output with dimensions increased by 3/2,
and put the input video at the center of the padded area:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">pad="3/2*iw:3/2*ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Pad the input to get a squared output with size equal to the maximum
value between the input width and height, and put the input video at
the center of the padded area:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">pad="max(iw\,ih):ow:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Pad the input to get a final w/h ratio of 16:9:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">pad="ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
</pre></div>
</li><li> In case of anamorphic video, in order to set the output display aspect
correctly, it is necessary to use <var>sar</var> in the expression,
according to the relation:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">(ih * X / ih) * sar = output_dar
X = output_dar / sar
</pre></div>
<p>Thus the previous example needs to be modified to:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">pad="ih*16/9/sar:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Double the output size and put the input video in the bottom-right
corner of the output padded area:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">pad="2*iw:2*ih:ow-iw:oh-ih"
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="palettegen"></a><a name="palettegen-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.82 palettegen<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#palettegen-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-palettegen-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Generate one palette for a whole video stream.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>max_colors</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum number of colors to quantize in the palette.
Note: the palette will still contain 256 colors; the unused palette entries
will be black.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>reserve_transparent</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Create a palette of 255 colors maximum and reserve the last one for
transparency. Reserving the transparency color is useful for GIF optimization.
If not set, the maximum of colors in the palette will be 256. You probably want
to disable this option for a standalone image.
Set by default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stats_mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set statistics mode.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>full</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Compute full frame histograms.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>diff</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Compute histograms only for the part that differs from previous frame. This
might be relevant to give more importance to the moving part of your input if
the background is static.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <var>full</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The filter also exports the frame metadata <code>lavfi.color_quant_ratio</code>
(<code>nb_color_in / nb_color_out</code>) which you can use to evaluate the degree of
color quantization of the palette. This information is also visible at
<var>info</var> logging level.
</p>
<a name="Examples-71"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.82.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-71" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-71" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Generate a representative palette of a given video using <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input.mkv -vf palettegen palette.png
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="paletteuse"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.83 paletteuse<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#paletteuse" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-paletteuse" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Use a palette to downsample an input video stream.
</p>
<p>The filter takes two inputs: one video stream and a palette. The palette must
be a 256 pixels image.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>dither</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select dithering mode. Available algorithms are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>bayer</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Ordered 8x8 bayer dithering (deterministic)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>heckbert</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Dithering as defined by Paul Heckbert in 1982 (simple error diffusion).
Note: this dithering is sometimes considered "wrong" and is included as a
reference.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>floyd_steinberg</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Floyd and Steingberg dithering (error diffusion)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sierra2</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Frankie Sierra dithering v2 (error diffusion)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sierra2_4a</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Frankie Sierra dithering v2 "Lite" (error diffusion)
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default is <var>sierra2_4a</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bayer_scale</samp></dt>
<dd><p>When <var>bayer</var> dithering is selected, this option defines the scale of the
pattern (how much the crosshatch pattern is visible). A low value means more
visible pattern for less banding, and higher value means less visible pattern
at the cost of more banding.
</p>
<p>The option must be an integer value in the range [0,5]. Default is <var>2</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>diff_mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set, define the zone to process
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>rectangle</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Only the changing rectangle will be reprocessed. This is similar to GIF
cropping/offsetting compression mechanism. This option can be useful for speed
if only a part of the image is changing, and has use cases such as limiting the
scope of the error diffusal <samp>dither</samp> to the rectangle that bounds the
moving scene (it leads to more deterministic output if the scene doesn’t change
much, and as a result less moving noise and better GIF compression).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default is <var>none</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-72"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.83.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-72" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-72" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Use a palette (generated for example with <a href="#palettegen">palettegen</a>) to encode a GIF
using <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input.mkv -i palette.png -lavfi paletteuse output.gif
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="perspective"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.84 perspective<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#perspective" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-perspective" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Correct perspective of video not recorded perpendicular to the screen.
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted parameters follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>x0</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y0</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>x1</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y1</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>x2</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y2</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>x3</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set coordinates expression for top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right corners.
Default values are <code>0:0:W:0:0:H:W:H</code> with which perspective will remain unchanged.
If the <code>sense</code> option is set to <code>source</code>, then the specified points will be sent
to the corners of the destination. If the <code>sense</code> option is set to <code>destination</code>,
then the corners of the source will be sent to the specified coordinates.
</p>
<p>The expressions can use the following variables:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>W</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>H</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the width and height of video frame.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>interpolation</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set interpolation for perspective correction.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>linear</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>cubic</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>linear</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sense</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set interpretation of coordinate options.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>0, source</samp>’</dt>
<dd>
<p>Send point in the source specified by the given coordinates to
the corners of the destination.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>1, destination</samp>’</dt>
<dd>
<p>Send the corners of the source to the point in the destination specified
by the given coordinates.
</p>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>source</samp>’.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="phase"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.85 phase<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#phase" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-phase" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Delay interlaced video by one field time so that the field order changes.
</p>
<p>The intended use is to fix PAL movies that have been captured with the
opposite field order to the film-to-video transfer.
</p>
<p>A description of the accepted parameters follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set phase mode.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>t</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Capture field order top-first, transfer bottom-first.
Filter will delay the bottom field.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>b</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Capture field order bottom-first, transfer top-first.
Filter will delay the top field.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>p</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Capture and transfer with the same field order. This mode only exists
for the documentation of the other options to refer to, but if you
actually select it, the filter will faithfully do nothing.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>a</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Capture field order determined automatically by field flags, transfer
opposite.
Filter selects among ‘<samp>t</samp>’ and ‘<samp>b</samp>’ modes on a frame by frame
basis using field flags. If no field information is available,
then this works just like ‘<samp>u</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>u</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Capture unknown or varying, transfer opposite.
Filter selects among ‘<samp>t</samp>’ and ‘<samp>b</samp>’ on a frame by frame basis by
analyzing the images and selecting the alternative that produces best
match between the fields.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>T</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Capture top-first, transfer unknown or varying.
Filter selects among ‘<samp>t</samp>’ and ‘<samp>p</samp>’ using image analysis.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>B</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Capture bottom-first, transfer unknown or varying.
Filter selects among ‘<samp>b</samp>’ and ‘<samp>p</samp>’ using image analysis.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>A</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Capture determined by field flags, transfer unknown or varying.
Filter selects among ‘<samp>t</samp>’, ‘<samp>b</samp>’ and ‘<samp>p</samp>’ using field flags and
image analysis. If no field information is available, then this works just
like ‘<samp>U</samp>’. This is the default mode.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>U</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Both capture and transfer unknown or varying.
Filter selects among ‘<samp>t</samp>’, ‘<samp>b</samp>’ and ‘<samp>p</samp>’ using image analysis only.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="pixdesctest"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.86 pixdesctest<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#pixdesctest" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-pixdesctest" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Pixel format descriptor test filter, mainly useful for internal
testing. The output video should be equal to the input video.
</p>
<p>For example:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">format=monow, pixdesctest
</pre></div>
<p>can be used to test the monowhite pixel format descriptor definition.
</p>
<a name="pp"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.87 pp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#pp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-pp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Enable the specified chain of postprocessing subfilters using libpostproc. This
library should be automatically selected with a GPL build (<code>--enable-gpl</code>).
Subfilters must be separated by ’/’ and can be disabled by prepending a ’-’.
Each subfilter and some options have a short and a long name that can be used
interchangeably, i.e. dr/dering are the same.
</p>
<p>The filters accept the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>subfilters</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set postprocessing subfilters string.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>All subfilters share common options to determine their scope:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>a/autoq</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Honor the quality commands for this subfilter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>c/chrom</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Do chrominance filtering, too (default).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>y/nochrom</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Do luminance filtering only (no chrominance).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>n/noluma</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Do chrominance filtering only (no luminance).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>These options can be appended after the subfilter name, separated by a ’|’.
</p>
<p>Available subfilters are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>hb/hdeblock[|difference[|flatness]]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Horizontal deblocking filter
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>difference</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: <code>32</code>).
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>flatness</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: <code>39</code>).
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>vb/vdeblock[|difference[|flatness]]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Vertical deblocking filter
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>difference</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: <code>32</code>).
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>flatness</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: <code>39</code>).
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ha/hadeblock[|difference[|flatness]]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Accurate horizontal deblocking filter
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>difference</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: <code>32</code>).
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>flatness</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: <code>39</code>).
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>va/vadeblock[|difference[|flatness]]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Accurate vertical deblocking filter
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>difference</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: <code>32</code>).
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>flatness</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: <code>39</code>).
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The horizontal and vertical deblocking filters share the difference and
flatness values so you cannot set different horizontal and vertical
thresholds.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>h1/x1hdeblock</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Experimental horizontal deblocking filter
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>v1/x1vdeblock</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Experimental vertical deblocking filter
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dr/dering</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Deringing filter
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tn/tmpnoise[|threshold1[|threshold2[|threshold3]]], temporal noise reducer</samp></dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>threshold1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>larger -> stronger filtering
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>threshold2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>larger -> stronger filtering
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>threshold3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>larger -> stronger filtering
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>al/autolevels[:f/fullyrange], automatic brightness / contrast correction</samp></dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>f/fullyrange</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Stretch luminance to <code>0-255</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>lb/linblenddeint</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Linear blend deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by
filtering all lines with a <code>(1 2 1)</code> filter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>li/linipoldeint</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Linear interpolating deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by
linearly interpolating every second line.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ci/cubicipoldeint</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Cubic interpolating deinterlacing filter deinterlaces the given block by
cubically interpolating every second line.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>md/mediandeint</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Median deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by applying a
median filter to every second line.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fd/ffmpegdeint</samp></dt>
<dd><p>FFmpeg deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by filtering every
second line with a <code>(-1 4 2 4 -1)</code> filter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>l5/lowpass5</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Vertically applied FIR lowpass deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given
block by filtering all lines with a <code>(-1 2 6 2 -1)</code> filter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fq/forceQuant[|quantizer]</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Overrides the quantizer table from the input with the constant quantizer you
specify.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>quantizer</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Quantizer to use
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>de/default</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Default pp filter combination (<code>hb|a,vb|a,dr|a</code>)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fa/fast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Fast pp filter combination (<code>h1|a,v1|a,dr|a</code>)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ac</samp></dt>
<dd><p>High quality pp filter combination (<code>ha|a|128|7,va|a,dr|a</code>)
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-73"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.87.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-73" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-73" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Apply horizontal and vertical deblocking, deringing and automatic
brightness/contrast:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">pp=hb/vb/dr/al
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply default filters without brightness/contrast correction:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">pp=de/-al
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply default filters and temporal denoiser:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">pp=default/tmpnoise|1|2|3
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply deblocking on luminance only, and switch vertical deblocking on or off
automatically depending on available CPU time:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">pp=hb|y/vb|a
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="pp7"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.88 pp7<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#pp7" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-pp7" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply Postprocessing filter 7. It is variant of the <a href="#spp">spp</a> filter,
similar to spp = 6 with 7 point DCT, where only the center sample is
used after IDCT.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>qp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force a constant quantization parameter. It accepts an integer in range
0 to 63. If not set, the filter will use the QP from the video stream
(if available).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set thresholding mode. Available modes are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>hard</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set hard thresholding.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>soft</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set soft thresholding (better de-ringing effect, but likely blurrier).
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>medium</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set medium thresholding (good results, default).
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="psnr"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.89 psnr<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#psnr" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-psnr" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Obtain the average, maximum and minimum PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise
Ratio) between two input videos.
</p>
<p>This filter takes in input two input videos, the first input is
considered the "main" source and is passed unchanged to the
output. The second input is used as a "reference" video for computing
the PSNR.
</p>
<p>Both video inputs must have the same resolution and pixel format for
this filter to work correctly. Also it assumes that both inputs
have the same number of frames, which are compared one by one.
</p>
<p>The obtained average PSNR is printed through the logging system.
</p>
<p>The filter stores the accumulated MSE (mean squared error) of each
frame, and at the end of the processing it is averaged across all frames
equally, and the following formula is applied to obtain the PSNR:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">PSNR = 10*log10(MAX^2/MSE)
</pre></div>
<p>Where MAX is the average of the maximum values of each component of the
image.
</p>
<p>The description of the accepted parameters follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>stats_file, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If specified the filter will use the named file to save the PSNR of
each individual frame.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The file printed if <var>stats_file</var> is selected, contains a sequence of
key/value pairs of the form <var>key</var>:<var>value</var> for each compared
couple of frames.
</p>
<p>A description of each shown parameter follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>sequential number of the input frame, starting from 1
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mse_avg</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Mean Square Error pixel-by-pixel average difference of the compared
frames, averaged over all the image components.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mse_y, mse_u, mse_v, mse_r, mse_g, mse_g, mse_a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Mean Square Error pixel-by-pixel average difference of the compared
frames for the component specified by the suffix.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>psnr_y, psnr_u, psnr_v, psnr_r, psnr_g, psnr_b, psnr_a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Peak Signal to Noise ratio of the compared frames for the component
specified by the suffix.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">movie=ref_movie.mpg, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
[main][ref] psnr="stats_file=stats.log" [out]
</pre></div>
<p>On this example the input file being processed is compared with the
reference file <samp>ref_movie.mpg</samp>. The PSNR of each individual frame
is stored in <samp>stats.log</samp>.
</p>
<a name="pullup"></a><a name="pullup-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.90 pullup<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#pullup-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-pullup-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Pulldown reversal (inverse telecine) filter, capable of handling mixed
hard-telecine, 24000/1001 fps progressive, and 30000/1001 fps progressive
content.
</p>
<p>The pullup filter is designed to take advantage of future context in making
its decisions. This filter is stateless in the sense that it does not lock
onto a pattern to follow, but it instead looks forward to the following
fields in order to identify matches and rebuild progressive frames.
</p>
<p>To produce content with an even framerate, insert the fps filter after
pullup, use <code>fps=24000/1001</code> if the input frame rate is 29.97fps,
<code>fps=24</code> for 30fps and the (rare) telecined 25fps input.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>jl</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>jr</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>jt</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>jb</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These options set the amount of "junk" to ignore at the left, right, top, and
bottom of the image, respectively. Left and right are in units of 8 pixels,
while top and bottom are in units of 2 lines.
The default is 8 pixels on each side.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sb</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the strict breaks. Setting this option to 1 will reduce the chances of
filter generating an occasional mismatched frame, but it may also cause an
excessive number of frames to be dropped during high motion sequences.
Conversely, setting it to -1 will make filter match fields more easily.
This may help processing of video where there is slight blurring between
the fields, but may also cause there to be interlaced frames in the output.
Default value is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the metric plane to use. It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>l</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use luma plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>u</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use chroma blue plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>v</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use chroma red plane.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>This option may be set to use chroma plane instead of the default luma plane
for doing filter’s computations. This may improve accuracy on very clean
source material, but more likely will decrease accuracy, especially if there
is chroma noise (rainbow effect) or any grayscale video.
The main purpose of setting <samp>mp</samp> to a chroma plane is to reduce CPU
load and make pullup usable in realtime on slow machines.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For best results (without duplicated frames in the output file) it is
necessary to change the output frame rate. For example, to inverse
telecine NTSC input:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input -vf pullup -r 24000/1001 ...
</pre></div>
<a name="qp"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.91 qp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#qp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-qp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Change video quantization parameters (QP).
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>qp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set expression for quantization parameter.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The expression is evaluated through the eval API and can contain, among others,
the following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><var>known</var></dt>
<dd><p>1 if index is not 129, 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>qp</var></dt>
<dd><p>Sequentional index starting from -129 to 128.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-74"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.91.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-74" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-74" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Some equation like:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">qp=2+2*sin(PI*qp)
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="random"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.92 random<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#random" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-random" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Flush video frames from internal cache of frames into a random order.
No frame is discarded.
Inspired by <a href="#frei0r">frei0r</a> nervous filter.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frames</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set size in number of frames of internal cache, in range from <code>2</code> to
<code>512</code>. Default is <code>30</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>seed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set seed for random number generator, must be an integer included between
<code>0</code> and <code>UINT32_MAX</code>. If not specified, or if explicitly set to
less than <code>0</code>, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a
best effort basis.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="removegrain"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.93 removegrain<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#removegrain" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-removegrain" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The removegrain filter is a spatial denoiser for progressive video.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>m0</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set mode for the first plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>m1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set mode for the second plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>m2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set mode for the third plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>m3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set mode for the fourth plane.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Range of mode is from 0 to 24. Description of each mode follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><var>0</var></dt>
<dd><p>Leave input plane unchanged. Default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>1</var></dt>
<dd><p>Clips the pixel with the minimum and maximum of the 8 neighbour pixels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>2</var></dt>
<dd><p>Clips the pixel with the second minimum and maximum of the 8 neighbour pixels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>3</var></dt>
<dd><p>Clips the pixel with the third minimum and maximum of the 8 neighbour pixels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>4</var></dt>
<dd><p>Clips the pixel with the fourth minimum and maximum of the 8 neighbour pixels.
This is equivalent to a median filter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>5</var></dt>
<dd><p>Line-sensitive clipping giving the minimal change.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>6</var></dt>
<dd><p>Line-sensitive clipping, intermediate.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>7</var></dt>
<dd><p>Line-sensitive clipping, intermediate.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>8</var></dt>
<dd><p>Line-sensitive clipping, intermediate.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>9</var></dt>
<dd><p>Line-sensitive clipping on a line where the neighbours pixels are the closest.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>10</var></dt>
<dd><p>Replaces the target pixel with the closest neighbour.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>11</var></dt>
<dd><p>[1 2 1] horizontal and vertical kernel blur.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>12</var></dt>
<dd><p>Same as mode 11.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>13</var></dt>
<dd><p>Bob mode, interpolates top field from the line where the neighbours
pixels are the closest.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>14</var></dt>
<dd><p>Bob mode, interpolates bottom field from the line where the neighbours
pixels are the closest.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>15</var></dt>
<dd><p>Bob mode, interpolates top field. Same as 13 but with a more complicated
interpolation formula.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>16</var></dt>
<dd><p>Bob mode, interpolates bottom field. Same as 14 but with a more complicated
interpolation formula.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>17</var></dt>
<dd><p>Clips the pixel with the minimum and maximum of respectively the maximum and
minimum of each pair of opposite neighbour pixels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>18</var></dt>
<dd><p>Line-sensitive clipping using opposite neighbours whose greatest distance from
the current pixel is minimal.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>19</var></dt>
<dd><p>Replaces the pixel with the average of its 8 neighbours.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>20</var></dt>
<dd><p>Averages the 9 pixels ([1 1 1] horizontal and vertical blur).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>21</var></dt>
<dd><p>Clips pixels using the averages of opposite neighbour.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>22</var></dt>
<dd><p>Same as mode 21 but simpler and faster.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>23</var></dt>
<dd><p>Small edge and halo removal, but reputed useless.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>24</var></dt>
<dd><p>Similar as 23.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="removelogo"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.94 removelogo<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#removelogo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-removelogo" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Suppress a TV station logo, using an image file to determine which
pixels comprise the logo. It works by filling in the pixels that
comprise the logo with neighboring pixels.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>filename, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filter bitmap file, which can be any image format supported by
libavformat. The width and height of the image file must match those of the
video stream being processed.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Pixels in the provided bitmap image with a value of zero are not
considered part of the logo, non-zero pixels are considered part of
the logo. If you use white (255) for the logo and black (0) for the
rest, you will be safe. For making the filter bitmap, it is
recommended to take a screen capture of a black frame with the logo
visible, and then using a threshold filter followed by the erode
filter once or twice.
</p>
<p>If needed, little splotches can be fixed manually. Remember that if
logo pixels are not covered, the filter quality will be much
reduced. Marking too many pixels as part of the logo does not hurt as
much, but it will increase the amount of blurring needed to cover over
the image and will destroy more information than necessary, and extra
pixels will slow things down on a large logo.
</p>
<a name="repeatfields"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.95 repeatfields<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#repeatfields" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-repeatfields" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>This filter uses the repeat_field flag from the Video ES headers and hard repeats
fields based on its value.
</p>
<a name="reverse_002c-areverse"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.96 reverse, areverse<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#reverse_002c-areverse" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-reverse_002c-areverse" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Reverse a clip.
</p>
<p>Warning: This filter requires memory to buffer the entire clip, so trimming
is suggested.
</p>
<a name="Examples-75"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.96.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-75" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-75" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Take the first 5 seconds of a clip, and reverse it.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">trim=end=5,reverse
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="rotate"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.97 rotate<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#rotate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-rotate" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Rotate video by an arbitrary angle expressed in radians.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<p>A description of the optional parameters follows.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>angle, a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set an expression for the angle by which to rotate the input video
clockwise, expressed as a number of radians. A negative value will
result in a counter-clockwise rotation. By default it is set to "0".
</p>
<p>This expression is evaluated for each frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_w, ow</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output width expression, default value is "iw".
This expression is evaluated just once during configuration.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_h, oh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output height expression, default value is "ih".
This expression is evaluated just once during configuration.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bilinear</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable bilinear interpolation if set to 1, a value of 0 disables
it. Default value is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fillcolor, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the color used to fill the output area not covered by the rotated
image. For the general syntax of this option, check the "Color" section in the
ffmpeg-utils manual. If the special value "none" is selected then no
background is printed (useful for example if the background is never shown).
</p>
<p>Default value is "black".
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The expressions for the angle and the output size can contain the
following constants and functions:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>sequential number of the input frame, starting from 0. It is always NAN
before the first frame is filtered.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>time in seconds of the input frame, it is set to 0 when the filter is
configured. It is always NAN before the first frame is filtered.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hsub</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>vsub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>in_w, iw</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>in_h, ih</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the input video width and height
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_w, ow</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>out_h, oh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the output width and height, that is the size of the padded area as
specified by the <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> expressions
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rotw(a)</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>roth(a)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the minimal width/height required for completely containing the input
video rotated by <var>a</var> radians.
</p>
<p>These are only available when computing the <samp>out_w</samp> and
<samp>out_h</samp> expressions.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-76"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.97.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-76" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-76" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Rotate the input by PI/6 radians clockwise:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">rotate=PI/6
</pre></div>
</li><li> Rotate the input by PI/6 radians counter-clockwise:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">rotate=-PI/6
</pre></div>
</li><li> Rotate the input by 45 degrees clockwise:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">rotate=45*PI/180
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply a constant rotation with period T, starting from an angle of PI/3:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">rotate=PI/3+2*PI*t/T
</pre></div>
</li><li> Make the input video rotation oscillating with a period of T
seconds and an amplitude of A radians:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">rotate=A*sin(2*PI/T*t)
</pre></div>
</li><li> Rotate the video, output size is chosen so that the whole rotating
input video is always completely contained in the output:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">rotate='2*PI*t:ow=hypot(iw,ih):oh=ow'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Rotate the video, reduce the output size so that no background is ever
shown:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">rotate=2*PI*t:ow='min(iw,ih)/sqrt(2)':oh=ow:c=none
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="Commands-6"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.97.2 Commands<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands-6" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands-6" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The filter supports the following commands:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>a, angle</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the angle expression.
The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
</p>
<p>If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
value.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="sab"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.98 sab<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#sab" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-sab" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply Shape Adaptive Blur.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>luma_radius, lr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set luma blur filter strength, must be a value in range 0.1-4.0, default
value is 1.0. A greater value will result in a more blurred image, and
in slower processing.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_pre_filter_radius, lpfr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set luma pre-filter radius, must be a value in the 0.1-2.0 range, default
value is 1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_strength, ls</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set luma maximum difference between pixels to still be considered, must
be a value in the 0.1-100.0 range, default value is 1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_radius, cr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set chroma blur filter strength, must be a value in range 0.1-4.0. A
greater value will result in a more blurred image, and in slower
processing.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_pre_filter_radius, cpfr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set chroma pre-filter radius, must be a value in the 0.1-2.0 range.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_strength, cs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set chroma maximum difference between pixels to still be considered,
must be a value in the 0.1-100.0 range.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Each chroma option value, if not explicitly specified, is set to the
corresponding luma option value.
</p>
<a name="scale"></a><a name="scale-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.99 scale<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#scale-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-scale-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Scale (resize) the input video, using the libswscale library.
</p>
<p>The scale filter forces the output display aspect ratio to be the same
of the input, by changing the output sample aspect ratio.
</p>
<p>If the input image format is different from the format requested by
the next filter, the scale filter will convert the input to the
requested format.
</p>
<a name="Options-28"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.99.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-28" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-28" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The filter accepts the following options, or any of the options
supported by the libswscale scaler.
</p>
<p>See <a href="ffmpeg-scaler.html#scaler_005foptions">(ffmpeg-scaler)the ffmpeg-scaler manual</a> for
the complete list of scaler options.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>height, h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output video dimension expression. Default value is the input
dimension.
</p>
<p>If the value is 0, the input width is used for the output.
</p>
<p>If one of the values is -1, the scale filter will use a value that
maintains the aspect ratio of the input image, calculated from the
other specified dimension. If both of them are -1, the input size is
used
</p>
<p>If one of the values is -n with n > 1, the scale filter will also use a value
that maintains the aspect ratio of the input image, calculated from the other
specified dimension. After that it will, however, make sure that the calculated
dimension is divisible by n and adjust the value if necessary.
</p>
<p>See below for the list of accepted constants for use in the dimension
expression.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>interl</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the interlacing mode. It accepts the following values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Force interlaced aware scaling.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Do not apply interlaced scaling.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>-1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Select interlaced aware scaling depending on whether the source frames
are flagged as interlaced or not.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>0</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>flags</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set libswscale scaling flags. See
<a href="ffmpeg-scaler.html#sws_005fflags">(ffmpeg-scaler)the ffmpeg-scaler manual</a> for the
complete list of values. If not explicitly specified the filter applies
the default flags.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video size. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>in_color_matrix</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>out_color_matrix</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set in/output YCbCr color space type.
</p>
<p>This allows the autodetected value to be overridden as well as allows forcing
a specific value used for the output and encoder.
</p>
<p>If not specified, the color space type depends on the pixel format.
</p>
<p>Possible values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Choose automatically.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bt709</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Format conforming to International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Recommendation BT.709.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>fcc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set color space conforming to the United States Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 47 (2003) 73.682 (a).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bt601</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set color space conforming to:
</p>
<ul>
<li> ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) Recommendation BT.601
</li><li> ITU-R Rec. BT.470-6 (1998) Systems B, B1, and G
</li><li> Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) ST 170:2004
</li></ul>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>smpte240m</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set color space conforming to SMPTE ST 240:1999.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>in_range</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>out_range</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set in/output YCbCr sample range.
</p>
<p>This allows the autodetected value to be overridden as well as allows forcing
a specific value used for the output and encoder. If not specified, the
range depends on the pixel format. Possible values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Choose automatically.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>jpeg/full/pc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set full range (0-255 in case of 8-bit luma).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>mpeg/tv</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set "MPEG" range (16-235 in case of 8-bit luma).
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>force_original_aspect_ratio</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable decreasing or increasing output video width or height if necessary to
keep the original aspect ratio. Possible values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>disable</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Scale the video as specified and disable this feature.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>decrease</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>The output video dimensions will automatically be decreased if needed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>increase</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>The output video dimensions will automatically be increased if needed.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>One useful instance of this option is that when you know a specific device’s
maximum allowed resolution, you can use this to limit the output video to
that, while retaining the aspect ratio. For example, device A allows
1280x720 playback, and your video is 1920x800. Using this option (set it to
decrease) and specifying 1280x720 to the command line makes the output
1280x533.
</p>
<p>Please note that this is a different thing than specifying -1 for <samp>w</samp>
or <samp>h</samp>, you still need to specify the output resolution for this option
to work.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The values of the <samp>w</samp> and <samp>h</samp> options are expressions
containing the following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><var>in_w</var></dt>
<dt><var>in_h</var></dt>
<dd><p>The input width and height
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>iw</var></dt>
<dt><var>ih</var></dt>
<dd><p>These are the same as <var>in_w</var> and <var>in_h</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>out_w</var></dt>
<dt><var>out_h</var></dt>
<dd><p>The output (scaled) width and height
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>ow</var></dt>
<dt><var>oh</var></dt>
<dd><p>These are the same as <var>out_w</var> and <var>out_h</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>a</var></dt>
<dd><p>The same as <var>iw</var> / <var>ih</var>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>sar</var></dt>
<dd><p>input sample aspect ratio
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>dar</var></dt>
<dd><p>The input display aspect ratio. Calculated from <code>(iw / ih) * sar</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>hsub</var></dt>
<dt><var>vsub</var></dt>
<dd><p>horizontal and vertical input chroma subsample values. For example for the
pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>ohsub</var></dt>
<dt><var>ovsub</var></dt>
<dd><p>horizontal and vertical output chroma subsample values. For example for the
pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-77"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.99.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-77" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-77" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Scale the input video to a size of 200x100
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=w=200:h=100
</pre></div>
<p>This is equivalent to:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=200:100
</pre></div>
<p>or:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=200x100
</pre></div>
</li><li> Specify a size abbreviation for the output size:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=qcif
</pre></div>
<p>which can also be written as:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=size=qcif
</pre></div>
</li><li> Scale the input to 2x:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=w=2*iw:h=2*ih
</pre></div>
</li><li> The above is the same as:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=2*in_w:2*in_h
</pre></div>
</li><li> Scale the input to 2x with forced interlaced scaling:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=2*iw:2*ih:interl=1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Scale the input to half size:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=w=iw/2:h=ih/2
</pre></div>
</li><li> Increase the width, and set the height to the same size:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=3/2*iw:ow
</pre></div>
</li><li> Seek Greek harmony:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=iw:1/PHI*iw
scale=ih*PHI:ih
</pre></div>
</li><li> Increase the height, and set the width to 3/2 of the height:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=w=3/2*oh:h=3/5*ih
</pre></div>
</li><li> Increase the size, making the size a multiple of the chroma
subsample values:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale="trunc(3/2*iw/hsub)*hsub:trunc(3/2*ih/vsub)*vsub"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Increase the width to a maximum of 500 pixels,
keeping the same aspect ratio as the input:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">scale=w='min(500\, iw*3/2):h=-1'
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="Commands-7"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.99.3 Commands<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands-7" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands-7" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>This filter supports the following commands:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>width, w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>height, h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output video dimension expression.
The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
</p>
<p>If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
value.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="scale2ref"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.100 scale2ref<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#scale2ref" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-scale2ref" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Scale (resize) the input video, based on a reference video.
</p>
<p>See the scale filter for available options, scale2ref supports the same but
uses the reference video instead of the main input as basis.
</p>
<a name="Examples-78"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.100.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-78" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-78" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Scale a subtitle stream to match the main video in size before overlaying
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">'scale2ref[b][a];[a][b]overlay'
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="separatefields"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.101 separatefields<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#separatefields" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-separatefields" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The <code>separatefields</code> takes a frame-based video input and splits
each frame into its components fields, producing a new half height clip
with twice the frame rate and twice the frame count.
</p>
<p>This filter use field-dominance information in frame to decide which
of each pair of fields to place first in the output.
If it gets it wrong use <a href="#setfield">setfield</a> filter before <code>separatefields</code> filter.
</p>
<a name="setdar_002c-setsar"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.102 setdar, setsar<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#setdar_002c-setsar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-setdar_002c-setsar" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The <code>setdar</code> filter sets the Display Aspect Ratio for the filter
output video.
</p>
<p>This is done by changing the specified Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect
Ratio, according to the following equation:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>DAR</var> = <var>HORIZONTAL_RESOLUTION</var> / <var>VERTICAL_RESOLUTION</var> * <var>SAR</var>
</pre></div>
<p>Keep in mind that the <code>setdar</code> filter does not modify the pixel
dimensions of the video frame. Also, the display aspect ratio set by
this filter may be changed by later filters in the filterchain,
e.g. in case of scaling or if another "setdar" or a "setsar" filter is
applied.
</p>
<p>The <code>setsar</code> filter sets the Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect Ratio for
the filter output video.
</p>
<p>Note that as a consequence of the application of this filter, the
output display aspect ratio will change according to the equation
above.
</p>
<p>Keep in mind that the sample aspect ratio set by the <code>setsar</code>
filter may be changed by later filters in the filterchain, e.g. if
another "setsar" or a "setdar" filter is applied.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>r, ratio, dar (<code>setdar</code> only), sar (<code>setsar</code> only)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the aspect ratio used by the filter.
</p>
<p>The parameter can be a floating point number string, an expression, or
a string of the form <var>num</var>:<var>den</var>, where <var>num</var> and
<var>den</var> are the numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. If
the parameter is not specified, it is assumed the value "0".
In case the form "<var>num</var>:<var>den</var>" is used, the <code>:</code> character
should be escaped.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>max</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum integer value to use for expressing numerator and
denominator when reducing the expressed aspect ratio to a rational.
Default value is <code>100</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The parameter <var>sar</var> is an expression containing
the following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>E, PI, PHI</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These are approximated values for the mathematical constants e
(Euler’s number), pi (Greek pi), and phi (the golden ratio).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>w, h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input width and height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>These are the same as <var>w</var> / <var>h</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input sample aspect ratio.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input display aspect ratio. It is the same as
(<var>w</var> / <var>h</var>) * <var>sar</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>hsub, vsub</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example, for the
pixel format "yuv422p" <var>hsub</var> is 2 and <var>vsub</var> is 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-79"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.102.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-79" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-79" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> To change the display aspect ratio to 16:9, specify one of the following:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setdar=dar=1.77777
setdar=dar=16/9
setdar=dar=1.77777
</pre></div>
</li><li> To change the sample aspect ratio to 10:11, specify:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setsar=sar=10/11
</pre></div>
</li><li> To set a display aspect ratio of 16:9, and specify a maximum integer value of
1000 in the aspect ratio reduction, use the command:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setdar=ratio=16/9:max=1000
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="setfield"></a><a name="setfield-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.103 setfield<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#setfield-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-setfield-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Force field for the output video frame.
</p>
<p>The <code>setfield</code> filter marks the interlace type field for the
output frames. It does not change the input frame, but only sets the
corresponding property, which affects how the frame is treated by
following filters (e.g. <code>fieldorder</code> or <code>yadif</code>).
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Available values are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>auto</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Keep the same field property.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bff</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Mark the frame as bottom-field-first.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>tff</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Mark the frame as top-field-first.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>prog</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Mark the frame as progressive.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="showinfo"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.104 showinfo<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#showinfo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-showinfo" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Show a line containing various information for each input video frame.
The input video is not modified.
</p>
<p>The shown line contains a sequence of key/value pairs of the form
<var>key</var>:<var>value</var>.
</p>
<p>The following values are shown in the output:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The (sequential) number of the input frame, starting from 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The Presentation TimeStamp of the input frame, expressed as a number of
time base units. The time base unit depends on the filter input pad.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pts_time</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The Presentation TimeStamp of the input frame, expressed as a number of
seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pos</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The position of the frame in the input stream, or -1 if this information is
unavailable and/or meaningless (for example in case of synthetic video).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fmt</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The pixel format name.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The sample aspect ratio of the input frame, expressed in the form
<var>num</var>/<var>den</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The size of the input frame. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>i</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The type of interlaced mode ("P" for "progressive", "T" for top field first, "B"
for bottom field first).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>iskey</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This is 1 if the frame is a key frame, 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>type</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The picture type of the input frame ("I" for an I-frame, "P" for a
P-frame, "B" for a B-frame, or "?" for an unknown type).
Also refer to the documentation of the <code>AVPictureType</code> enum and of
the <code>av_get_picture_type_char</code> function defined in
<samp>libavutil/avutil.h</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>checksum</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of all the planes of the input frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>plane_checksum</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of each plane of the input frame,
expressed in the form "[<var>c0</var> <var>c1</var> <var>c2</var> <var>c3</var>]".
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="showpalette"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.105 showpalette<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#showpalette" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-showpalette" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Displays the 256 colors palette of each frame. This filter is only relevant for
<var>pal8</var> pixel format frames.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the size of the box used to represent one palette color entry. Default is
<code>30</code> (for a <code>30x30</code> pixel box).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="shuffleplanes"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.106 shuffleplanes<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#shuffleplanes" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-shuffleplanes" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Reorder and/or duplicate video planes.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>map0</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The index of the input plane to be used as the first output plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>map1</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The index of the input plane to be used as the second output plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>map2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The index of the input plane to be used as the third output plane.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>map3</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The index of the input plane to be used as the fourth output plane.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The first plane has the index 0. The default is to keep the input unchanged.
</p>
<p>Swap the second and third planes of the input:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf shuffleplanes=0:2:1:3 OUTPUT
</pre></div>
<a name="signalstats"></a><a name="signalstats-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.107 signalstats<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#signalstats-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-signalstats-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Evaluate various visual metrics that assist in determining issues associated
with the digitization of analog video media.
</p>
<p>By default the filter will log these metadata values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>YMIN</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the minimal Y value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>YLOW</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the Y value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>YAVG</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the average Y value within the input frame. Expressed in range of
[0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>YHIGH</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the Y value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>YMAX</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the maximum Y value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>UMIN</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the minimal U value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ULOW</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the U value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>UAVG</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the average U value within the input frame. Expressed in range of
[0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>UHIGH</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the U value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>UMAX</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the maximum U value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>VMIN</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the minimal V value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>VLOW</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the V value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>VAVG</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the average V value within the input frame. Expressed in range of
[0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>VHIGH</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the V value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>VMAX</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the maximum V value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>SATMIN</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the minimal saturation value contained within the input frame.
Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>SATLOW</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the saturation value at the 10% percentile within the input frame.
Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>SATAVG</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the average saturation value within the input frame. Expressed in range
of [0-~181.02].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>SATHIGH</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the saturation value at the 90% percentile within the input frame.
Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>SATMAX</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the maximum saturation value contained within the input frame.
Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>HUEMED</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the median value for hue within the input frame. Expressed in range of
[0-360].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>HUEAVG</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the average value for hue within the input frame. Expressed in range of
[0-360].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>YDIF</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the average of sample value difference between all values of the Y
plane in the current frame and corresponding values of the previous input frame.
Expressed in range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>UDIF</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the average of sample value difference between all values of the U
plane in the current frame and corresponding values of the previous input frame.
Expressed in range of [0-255].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>VDIF</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Display the average of sample value difference between all values of the V
plane in the current frame and corresponding values of the previous input frame.
Expressed in range of [0-255].
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>stat</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>out</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p><samp>stat</samp> specify an additional form of image analysis.
<samp>out</samp> output video with the specified type of pixel highlighted.
</p>
<p>Both options accept the following values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>tout</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Identify <var>temporal outliers</var> pixels. A <var>temporal outlier</var> is a pixel
unlike the neighboring pixels of the same field. Examples of temporal outliers
include the results of video dropouts, head clogs, or tape tracking issues.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>vrep</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Identify <var>vertical line repetition</var>. Vertical line repetition includes
similar rows of pixels within a frame. In born-digital video vertical line
repetition is common, but this pattern is uncommon in video digitized from an
analog source. When it occurs in video that results from the digitization of an
analog source it can indicate concealment from a dropout compensator.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>brng</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Identify pixels that fall outside of legal broadcast range.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>color, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the highlight color for the <samp>out</samp> option. The default color is
yellow.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-80"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.107.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-80" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-80" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Output data of various video metrics:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffprobe -f lavfi movie=example.mov,signalstats="stat=tout+vrep+brng" -show_frames
</pre></div>
</li><li> Output specific data about the minimum and maximum values of the Y plane per frame:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffprobe -f lavfi movie=example.mov,signalstats -show_entries frame_tags=lavfi.signalstats.YMAX,lavfi.signalstats.YMIN
</pre></div>
</li><li> Playback video while highlighting pixels that are outside of broadcast range in red.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay example.mov -vf signalstats="out=brng:color=red"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Playback video with signalstats metadata drawn over the frame.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay example.mov -vf signalstats=stat=brng+vrep+tout,drawtext=fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:textfile=signalstat_drawtext.txt
</pre></div>
<p>The contents of signalstat_drawtext.txt used in the command are:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">time %{pts:hms}
Y (%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.YMIN}-%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.YMAX})
U (%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.UMIN}-%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.UMAX})
V (%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.VMIN}-%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.VMAX})
saturation maximum: %{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.SATMAX}
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="smartblur"></a><a name="smartblur-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.108 smartblur<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#smartblur-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-smartblur-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Blur the input video without impacting the outlines.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>luma_radius, lr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the luma radius. The option value must be a float number in
the range [0.1,5.0] that specifies the variance of the gaussian filter
used to blur the image (slower if larger). Default value is 1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_strength, ls</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the luma strength. The option value must be a float number
in the range [-1.0,1.0] that configures the blurring. A value included
in [0.0,1.0] will blur the image whereas a value included in
[-1.0,0.0] will sharpen the image. Default value is 1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_threshold, lt</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the luma threshold used as a coefficient to determine
whether a pixel should be blurred or not. The option value must be an
integer in the range [-30,30]. A value of 0 will filter all the image,
a value included in [0,30] will filter flat areas and a value included
in [-30,0] will filter edges. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_radius, cr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the chroma radius. The option value must be a float number in
the range [0.1,5.0] that specifies the variance of the gaussian filter
used to blur the image (slower if larger). Default value is 1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_strength, cs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the chroma strength. The option value must be a float number
in the range [-1.0,1.0] that configures the blurring. A value included
in [0.0,1.0] will blur the image whereas a value included in
[-1.0,0.0] will sharpen the image. Default value is 1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_threshold, ct</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the chroma threshold used as a coefficient to determine
whether a pixel should be blurred or not. The option value must be an
integer in the range [-30,30]. A value of 0 will filter all the image,
a value included in [0,30] will filter flat areas and a value included
in [-30,0] will filter edges. Default value is 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If a chroma option is not explicitly set, the corresponding luma value
is set.
</p>
<a name="ssim"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.109 ssim<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ssim" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ssim" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Obtain the SSIM (Structural SImilarity Metric) between two input videos.
</p>
<p>This filter takes in input two input videos, the first input is
considered the "main" source and is passed unchanged to the
output. The second input is used as a "reference" video for computing
the SSIM.
</p>
<p>Both video inputs must have the same resolution and pixel format for
this filter to work correctly. Also it assumes that both inputs
have the same number of frames, which are compared one by one.
</p>
<p>The filter stores the calculated SSIM of each frame.
</p>
<p>The description of the accepted parameters follows.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>stats_file, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If specified the filter will use the named file to save the SSIM of
each individual frame.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The file printed if <var>stats_file</var> is selected, contains a sequence of
key/value pairs of the form <var>key</var>:<var>value</var> for each compared
couple of frames.
</p>
<p>A description of each shown parameter follows:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>sequential number of the input frame, starting from 1
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>Y, U, V, R, G, B</samp></dt>
<dd><p>SSIM of the compared frames for the component specified by the suffix.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>All</samp></dt>
<dd><p>SSIM of the compared frames for the whole frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dB</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Same as above but in dB representation.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">movie=ref_movie.mpg, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
[main][ref] ssim="stats_file=stats.log" [out]
</pre></div>
<p>On this example the input file being processed is compared with the
reference file <samp>ref_movie.mpg</samp>. The SSIM of each individual frame
is stored in <samp>stats.log</samp>.
</p>
<p>Another example with both psnr and ssim at same time:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i main.mpg -i ref.mpg -lavfi "ssim;[0:v][1:v]psnr" -f null -
</pre></div>
<a name="stereo3d"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.110 stereo3d<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#stereo3d" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-stereo3d" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert between different stereoscopic image formats.
</p>
<p>The filters accept the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>in</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set stereoscopic image format of input.
</p>
<p>Available values for input image formats are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>sbsl</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>side by side parallel (left eye left, right eye right)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sbsr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>side by side crosseye (right eye left, left eye right)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sbs2l</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>side by side parallel with half width resolution
(left eye left, right eye right)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sbs2r</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>side by side crosseye with half width resolution
(right eye left, left eye right)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>abl</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>above-below (left eye above, right eye below)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>abr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>above-below (right eye above, left eye below)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ab2l</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>above-below with half height resolution
(left eye above, right eye below)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ab2r</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>above-below with half height resolution
(right eye above, left eye below)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>al</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>alternating frames (left eye first, right eye second)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ar</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>alternating frames (right eye first, left eye second)
</p>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>sbsl</samp>’.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set stereoscopic image format of output.
</p>
<p>Available values for output image formats are all the input formats as well as:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>arbg</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph red/blue gray
(red filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>argg</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph red/green gray
(red filter on left eye, green filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>arcg</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph red/cyan gray
(red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>arch</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph red/cyan half colored
(red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>arcc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph red/cyan color
(red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>arcd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph red/cyan color optimized with the least squares projection of dubois
(red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>agmg</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph green/magenta gray
(green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>agmh</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph green/magenta half colored
(green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>agmc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph green/magenta colored
(green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>agmd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph green/magenta color optimized with the least squares projection of dubois
(green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>aybg</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph yellow/blue gray
(yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>aybh</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph yellow/blue half colored
(yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>aybc</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph yellow/blue colored
(yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>aybd</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>anaglyph yellow/blue color optimized with the least squares projection of dubois
(yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>irl</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>interleaved rows (left eye has top row, right eye starts on next row)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>irr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>interleaved rows (right eye has top row, left eye starts on next row)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ml</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>mono output (left eye only)
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>mr</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>mono output (right eye only)
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>arcd</samp>’.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-81"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.110.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-81" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-81" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Convert input video from side by side parallel to anaglyph yellow/blue dubois:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">stereo3d=sbsl:aybd
</pre></div>
</li><li> Convert input video from above below (left eye above, right eye below) to side by side crosseye.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">stereo3d=abl:sbsr
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="spp"></a><a name="spp-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.111 spp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#spp-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-spp-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply a simple postprocessing filter that compresses and decompresses the image
at several (or - in the case of <samp>quality</samp> level <code>6</code> - all) shifts
and average the results.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>quality</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set quality. This option defines the number of levels for averaging. It accepts
an integer in the range 0-6. If set to <code>0</code>, the filter will have no
effect. A value of <code>6</code> means the higher quality. For each increment of
that value the speed drops by a factor of approximately 2. Default value is
<code>3</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>qp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force a constant quantization parameter. If not set, the filter will use the QP
from the video stream (if available).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set thresholding mode. Available modes are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>hard</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set hard thresholding (default).
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>soft</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set soft thresholding (better de-ringing effect, but likely blurrier).
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>use_bframe_qp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable the use of the QP from the B-Frames if set to <code>1</code>. Using this
option may cause flicker since the B-Frames have often larger QP. Default is
<code>0</code> (not enabled).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="subtitles"></a><a name="subtitles-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.112 subtitles<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#subtitles-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-subtitles-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Draw subtitles on top of input video using the libass library.
</p>
<p>To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
<code>--enable-libass</code>. This filter also requires a build with libavcodec and
libavformat to convert the passed subtitles file to ASS (Advanced Substation
Alpha) subtitles format.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>filename, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filename of the subtitle file to read. It must be specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>original_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the size of the original video, the video for which the ASS file
was composed. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
Due to a misdesign in ASS aspect ratio arithmetic, this is necessary to
correctly scale the fonts if the aspect ratio has been changed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fontsdir</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set a directory path containing fonts that can be used by the filter.
These fonts will be used in addition to whatever the font provider uses.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>charenc</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set subtitles input character encoding. <code>subtitles</code> filter only. Only
useful if not UTF-8.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stream_index, si</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set subtitles stream index. <code>subtitles</code> filter only.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>force_style</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Override default style or script info parameters of the subtitles. It accepts a
string containing ASS style format <code>KEY=VALUE</code> couples separated by ",".
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If the first key is not specified, it is assumed that the first value
specifies the <samp>filename</samp>.
</p>
<p>For example, to render the file <samp>sub.srt</samp> on top of the input
video, use the command:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">subtitles=sub.srt
</pre></div>
<p>which is equivalent to:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">subtitles=filename=sub.srt
</pre></div>
<p>To render the default subtitles stream from file <samp>video.mkv</samp>, use:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">subtitles=video.mkv
</pre></div>
<p>To render the second subtitles stream from that file, use:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">subtitles=video.mkv:si=1
</pre></div>
<p>To make the subtitles stream from <samp>sub.srt</samp> appear in transparent green
<code>DejaVu Serif</code>, use:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">subtitles=sub.srt:force_style='FontName=DejaVu Serif,PrimaryColour=&HAA00FF00'
</pre></div>
<a name="super2xsai"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.113 super2xsai<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#super2xsai" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-super2xsai" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Scale the input by 2x and smooth using the Super2xSaI (Scale and
Interpolate) pixel art scaling algorithm.
</p>
<p>Useful for enlarging pixel art images without reducing sharpness.
</p>
<a name="swapuv"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.114 swapuv<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#swapuv" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-swapuv" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Swap U & V plane.
</p>
<a name="telecine"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.115 telecine<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#telecine" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-telecine" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply telecine process to the video.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>first_field</samp></dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>top, t</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>top field first
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bottom, b</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>bottom field first
The default value is <code>top</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pattern</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A string of numbers representing the pulldown pattern you wish to apply.
The default value is <code>23</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">Some typical patterns:
NTSC output (30i):
27.5p: 32222
24p: 23 (classic)
24p: 2332 (preferred)
20p: 33
18p: 334
16p: 3444
PAL output (25i):
27.5p: 12222
24p: 222222222223 ("Euro pulldown")
16.67p: 33
16p: 33333334
</pre></div>
<a name="thumbnail"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.116 thumbnail<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#thumbnail" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-thumbnail" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Select the most representative frame in a given sequence of consecutive frames.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frames batch size to analyze; in a set of <var>n</var> frames, the filter
will pick one of them, and then handle the next batch of <var>n</var> frames until
the end. Default is <code>100</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Since the filter keeps track of the whole frames sequence, a bigger <var>n</var>
value will result in a higher memory usage, so a high value is not recommended.
</p>
<a name="Examples-82"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.116.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-82" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-82" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Extract one picture each 50 frames:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">thumbnail=50
</pre></div>
</li><li> Complete example of a thumbnail creation with <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf thumbnail,scale=300:200 -frames:v 1 out.png
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="tile"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.117 tile<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#tile" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-tile" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Tile several successive frames together.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>layout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the grid size (i.e. the number of lines and columns). For the syntax of
this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>nb_frames</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum number of frames to render in the given area. It must be less
than or equal to <var>w</var>x<var>h</var>. The default value is <code>0</code>, meaning all
the area will be used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>margin</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the outer border margin in pixels.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>padding</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the inner border thickness (i.e. the number of pixels between frames). For
more advanced padding options (such as having different values for the edges),
refer to the pad video filter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>color</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the color of the unused area. For the syntax of this option, check the
"Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. The default value of <var>color</var>
is "black".
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-83"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.117.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-83" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-83" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Produce 8x8 PNG tiles of all keyframes (<samp>-skip_frame nokey</samp>) in a movie:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -skip_frame nokey -i file.avi -vf 'scale=128:72,tile=8x8' -an -vsync 0 keyframes%03d.png
</pre></div>
<p>The <samp>-vsync 0</samp> is necessary to prevent <code>ffmpeg</code> from
duplicating each output frame to accommodate the originally detected frame
rate.
</p>
</li><li> Display <code>5</code> pictures in an area of <code>3x2</code> frames,
with <code>7</code> pixels between them, and <code>2</code> pixels of initial margin, using
mixed flat and named options:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">tile=3x2:nb_frames=5:padding=7:margin=2
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="tinterlace"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.118 tinterlace<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#tinterlace" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-tinterlace" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Perform various types of temporal field interlacing.
</p>
<p>Frames are counted starting from 1, so the first input frame is
considered odd.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the mode of the interlacing. This option can also be specified
as a value alone. See below for a list of values for this option.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>merge, 0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Move odd frames into the upper field, even into the lower field,
generating a double height frame at half frame rate.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"> ------> time
Input:
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
Output:
11111 33333
22222 44444
11111 33333
22222 44444
11111 33333
22222 44444
11111 33333
22222 44444
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>drop_odd, 1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Only output even frames, odd frames are dropped, generating a frame with
unchanged height at half frame rate.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"> ------> time
Input:
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
Output:
22222 44444
22222 44444
22222 44444
22222 44444
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>drop_even, 2</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Only output odd frames, even frames are dropped, generating a frame with
unchanged height at half frame rate.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"> ------> time
Input:
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
Output:
11111 33333
11111 33333
11111 33333
11111 33333
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>pad, 3</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Expand each frame to full height, but pad alternate lines with black,
generating a frame with double height at the same input frame rate.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"> ------> time
Input:
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
Output:
11111 ..... 33333 .....
..... 22222 ..... 44444
11111 ..... 33333 .....
..... 22222 ..... 44444
11111 ..... 33333 .....
..... 22222 ..... 44444
11111 ..... 33333 .....
..... 22222 ..... 44444
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>interleave_top, 4</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Interleave the upper field from odd frames with the lower field from
even frames, generating a frame with unchanged height at half frame rate.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"> ------> time
Input:
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
11111<- 22222 33333<- 44444
11111 22222<- 33333 44444<-
11111<- 22222 33333<- 44444
11111 22222<- 33333 44444<-
Output:
11111 33333
22222 44444
11111 33333
22222 44444
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>interleave_bottom, 5</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Interleave the lower field from odd frames with the upper field from
even frames, generating a frame with unchanged height at half frame rate.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"> ------> time
Input:
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
11111 22222<- 33333 44444<-
11111<- 22222 33333<- 44444
11111 22222<- 33333 44444<-
11111<- 22222 33333<- 44444
Output:
22222 44444
11111 33333
22222 44444
11111 33333
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>interlacex2, 6</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Double frame rate with unchanged height. Frames are inserted each
containing the second temporal field from the previous input frame and
the first temporal field from the next input frame. This mode relies on
the top_field_first flag. Useful for interlaced video displays with no
field synchronisation.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"> ------> time
Input:
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
11111 22222 33333 44444
Output:
11111 22222 22222 33333 33333 44444 44444
11111 11111 22222 22222 33333 33333 44444
11111 22222 22222 33333 33333 44444 44444
11111 11111 22222 22222 33333 33333 44444
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Numeric values are deprecated but are accepted for backward
compatibility reasons.
</p>
<p>Default mode is <code>merge</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>flags</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify flags influencing the filter process.
</p>
<p>Available value for <var>flags</var> is:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>low_pass_filter, vlfp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable vertical low-pass filtering in the filter.
Vertical low-pass filtering is required when creating an interlaced
destination from a progressive source which contains high-frequency
vertical detail. Filtering will reduce interlace ’twitter’ and Moire
patterning.
</p>
<p>Vertical low-pass filtering can only be enabled for <samp>mode</samp>
<var>interleave_top</var> and <var>interleave_bottom</var>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="transpose"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.119 transpose<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#transpose" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-transpose" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Transpose rows with columns in the input video and optionally flip it.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>dir</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the transposition direction.
</p>
<p>Can assume the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>0, 4, cclock_flip</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Rotate by 90 degrees counterclockwise and vertically flip (default), that is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">L.R L.l
. . -> . .
l.r R.r
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>1, 5, clock</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Rotate by 90 degrees clockwise, that is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">L.R l.L
. . -> . .
l.r r.R
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>2, 6, cclock</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Rotate by 90 degrees counterclockwise, that is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">L.R R.r
. . -> . .
l.r L.l
</pre></div>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>3, 7, clock_flip</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Rotate by 90 degrees clockwise and vertically flip, that is:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">L.R r.R
. . -> . .
l.r l.L
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>For values between 4-7, the transposition is only done if the input
video geometry is portrait and not landscape. These values are
deprecated, the <code>passthrough</code> option should be used instead.
</p>
<p>Numerical values are deprecated, and should be dropped in favor of
symbolic constants.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>passthrough</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Do not apply the transposition if the input geometry matches the one
specified by the specified value. It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Always apply transposition.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>portrait</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Preserve portrait geometry (when <var>height</var> >= <var>width</var>).
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>landscape</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Preserve landscape geometry (when <var>width</var> >= <var>height</var>).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>none</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example to rotate by 90 degrees clockwise and preserve portrait
layout:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">transpose=dir=1:passthrough=portrait
</pre></div>
<p>The command above can also be specified as:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">transpose=1:portrait
</pre></div>
<a name="trim"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.120 trim<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#trim" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-trim" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Trim the input so that the output contains one continuous subpart of the input.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>start</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the time of the start of the kept section, i.e. the frame with the
timestamp <var>start</var> will be the first frame in the output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>end</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the time of the first frame that will be dropped, i.e. the frame
immediately preceding the one with the timestamp <var>end</var> will be the last
frame in the output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This is the same as <var>start</var>, except this option sets the start timestamp
in timebase units instead of seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>end_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This is the same as <var>end</var>, except this option sets the end timestamp
in timebase units instead of seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The maximum duration of the output in seconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_frame</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of the first frame that should be passed to the output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>end_frame</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of the first frame that should be dropped.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p><samp>start</samp>, <samp>end</samp>, and <samp>duration</samp> are expressed as time
duration specifications; see
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the accepted syntax.
</p>
<p>Note that the first two sets of the start/end options and the <samp>duration</samp>
option look at the frame timestamp, while the _frame variants simply count the
frames that pass through the filter. Also note that this filter does not modify
the timestamps. If you wish for the output timestamps to start at zero, insert a
setpts filter after the trim filter.
</p>
<p>If multiple start or end options are set, this filter tries to be greedy and
keep all the frames that match at least one of the specified constraints. To keep
only the part that matches all the constraints at once, chain multiple trim
filters.
</p>
<p>The defaults are such that all the input is kept. So it is possible to set e.g.
just the end values to keep everything before the specified time.
</p>
<p>Examples:
</p><ul>
<li> Drop everything except the second minute of input:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf trim=60:120
</pre></div>
</li><li> Keep only the first second:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf trim=duration=1
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="unsharp"></a><a name="unsharp-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.121 unsharp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#unsharp-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-unsharp-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Sharpen or blur the input video.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>luma_msize_x, lx</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the luma matrix horizontal size. It must be an odd integer between
3 and 63. The default value is 5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_msize_y, ly</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the luma matrix vertical size. It must be an odd integer between 3
and 63. The default value is 5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>luma_amount, la</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the luma effect strength. It must be a floating point number, reasonable
values lay between -1.5 and 1.5.
</p>
<p>Negative values will blur the input video, while positive values will
sharpen it, a value of zero will disable the effect.
</p>
<p>Default value is 1.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_msize_x, cx</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the chroma matrix horizontal size. It must be an odd integer
between 3 and 63. The default value is 5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_msize_y, cy</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the chroma matrix vertical size. It must be an odd integer
between 3 and 63. The default value is 5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>chroma_amount, ca</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the chroma effect strength. It must be a floating point number, reasonable
values lay between -1.5 and 1.5.
</p>
<p>Negative values will blur the input video, while positive values will
sharpen it, a value of zero will disable the effect.
</p>
<p>Default value is 0.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>opencl</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, specify using OpenCL capabilities, only available if
FFmpeg was configured with <code>--enable-opencl</code>. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>All parameters are optional and default to the equivalent of the
string ’5:5:1.0:5:5:0.0’.
</p>
<a name="Examples-84"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.121.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-84" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-84" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Apply strong luma sharpen effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">unsharp=luma_msize_x=7:luma_msize_y=7:luma_amount=2.5
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply a strong blur of both luma and chroma parameters:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">unsharp=7:7:-2:7:7:-2
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="uspp"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.122 uspp<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#uspp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-uspp" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply ultra slow/simple postprocessing filter that compresses and decompresses
the image at several (or - in the case of <samp>quality</samp> level <code>8</code> - all)
shifts and average the results.
</p>
<p>The way this differs from the behavior of spp is that uspp actually encodes &
decodes each case with libavcodec Snow, whereas spp uses a simplified intra only 8x8
DCT similar to MJPEG.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>quality</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set quality. This option defines the number of levels for averaging. It accepts
an integer in the range 0-8. If set to <code>0</code>, the filter will have no
effect. A value of <code>8</code> means the higher quality. For each increment of
that value the speed drops by a factor of approximately 2. Default value is
<code>3</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>qp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force a constant quantization parameter. If not set, the filter will use the QP
from the video stream (if available).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="vectorscope"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.123 vectorscope<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#vectorscope" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-vectorscope" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Display 2 color component values in the two dimensional graph (which is called
a vectorscope).
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode, m</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set vectorscope mode.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>gray</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Gray values are displayed on graph, higher brightness means more pixels have
same component color value on location in graph. This is the default mode.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>color</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Gray values are displayed on graph. Surrounding pixels values which are not
present in video frame are drawn in gradient of 2 color components which are
set by option <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>color2</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Actual color components values present in video frame are displayed on graph.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>color3</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Similar as color2 but higher frequency of same values <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>
on graph increases value of another color component, which is luminance by
default values of <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>color4</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Actual colors present in video frame are displayed on graph. If two different
colors map to same position on graph then color with higher value of component
not present in graph is picked.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set which color component will be represented on X-axis. Default is <code>1</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set which color component will be represented on Y-axis. Default is <code>2</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>intensity, i</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set intensity, used by modes: gray, color and color3 for increasing brightness
of color component which represents frequency of (X, Y) location in graph.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>envelope, e</samp></dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>No envelope, this is default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>instant</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Instant envelope, even darkest single pixel will be clearly highlighted.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>peak</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Hold maximum and minimum values presented in graph over time. This way you
can still spot out of range values without constantly looking at vectorscope.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>peak+instant</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Peak and instant envelope combined together.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="vidstabdetect"></a><a name="vidstabdetect-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.124 vidstabdetect<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#vidstabdetect-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-vidstabdetect-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Analyze video stabilization/deshaking. Perform pass 1 of 2, see
<a href="#vidstabtransform">vidstabtransform</a> for pass 2.
</p>
<p>This filter generates a file with relative translation and rotation
transform information about subsequent frames, which is then used by
the <a href="#vidstabtransform">vidstabtransform</a> filter.
</p>
<p>To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
<code>--enable-libvidstab</code>.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>result</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the path to the file used to write the transforms information.
Default value is <samp>transforms.trf</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>shakiness</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set how shaky the video is and how quick the camera is. It accepts an
integer in the range 1-10, a value of 1 means little shakiness, a
value of 10 means strong shakiness. Default value is 5.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>accuracy</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the accuracy of the detection process. It must be a value in the
range 1-15. A value of 1 means low accuracy, a value of 15 means high
accuracy. Default value is 15.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stepsize</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set stepsize of the search process. The region around minimum is
scanned with 1 pixel resolution. Default value is 6.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mincontrast</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set minimum contrast. Below this value a local measurement field is
discarded. Must be a floating point value in the range 0-1. Default
value is 0.3.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tripod</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set reference frame number for tripod mode.
</p>
<p>If enabled, the motion of the frames is compared to a reference frame
in the filtered stream, identified by the specified number. The idea
is to compensate all movements in a more-or-less static scene and keep
the camera view absolutely still.
</p>
<p>If set to 0, it is disabled. The frames are counted starting from 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>show</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show fields and transforms in the resulting frames. It accepts an
integer in the range 0-2. Default value is 0, which disables any
visualization.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-85"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.124.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-85" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-85" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Use default values:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">vidstabdetect
</pre></div>
</li><li> Analyze strongly shaky movie and put the results in file
<samp>mytransforms.trf</samp>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">vidstabdetect=shakiness=10:accuracy=15:result="mytransforms.trf"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Visualize the result of internal transformations in the resulting
video:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">vidstabdetect=show=1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Analyze a video with medium shakiness using <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input -vf vidstabdetect=shakiness=5:show=1 dummy.avi
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="vidstabtransform"></a><a name="vidstabtransform-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.125 vidstabtransform<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#vidstabtransform-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-vidstabtransform-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Video stabilization/deshaking: pass 2 of 2,
see <a href="#vidstabdetect">vidstabdetect</a> for pass 1.
</p>
<p>Read a file with transform information for each frame and
apply/compensate them. Together with the <a href="#vidstabdetect">vidstabdetect</a>
filter this can be used to deshake videos. See also
<a href="http://public.hronopik.de/vid.stab">http://public.hronopik.de/vid.stab</a>. It is important to also use
the <a href="#unsharp">unsharp</a> filter, see below.
</p>
<p>To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
<code>--enable-libvidstab</code>.
</p>
<a name="Options-29"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.125.1 Options<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Options-29" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Options-29" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>input</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set path to the file used to read the transforms. Default value is
<samp>transforms.trf</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>smoothing</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of frames (value*2 + 1) used for lowpass filtering the
camera movements. Default value is 10.
</p>
<p>For example a number of 10 means that 21 frames are used (10 in the
past and 10 in the future) to smoothen the motion in the video. A
larger value leads to a smoother video, but limits the acceleration of
the camera (pan/tilt movements). 0 is a special case where a static
camera is simulated.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>optalgo</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the camera path optimization algorithm.
</p>
<p>Accepted values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>gauss</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>gaussian kernel low-pass filter on camera motion (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>avg</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>averaging on transformations
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>maxshift</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set maximal number of pixels to translate frames. Default value is -1,
meaning no limit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>maxangle</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set maximal angle in radians (degree*PI/180) to rotate frames. Default
value is -1, meaning no limit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>crop</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify how to deal with borders that may be visible due to movement
compensation.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>keep</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>keep image information from previous frame (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>black</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>fill the border black
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>invert</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Invert transforms if set to 1. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>relative</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Consider transforms as relative to previous frame if set to 1,
absolute if set to 0. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>zoom</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set percentage to zoom. A positive value will result in a zoom-in
effect, a negative value in a zoom-out effect. Default value is 0 (no
zoom).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>optzoom</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set optimal zooming to avoid borders.
</p>
<p>Accepted values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>disabled
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>1</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>optimal static zoom value is determined (only very strong movements
will lead to visible borders) (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>2</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>optimal adaptive zoom value is determined (no borders will be
visible), see <samp>zoomspeed</samp>
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Note that the value given at zoom is added to the one calculated here.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>zoomspeed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set percent to zoom maximally each frame (enabled when
<samp>optzoom</samp> is set to 2). Range is from 0 to 5, default value is
0.25.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>interpol</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify type of interpolation.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>no</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>no interpolation
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>linear</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>linear only horizontal
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bilinear</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>linear in both directions (default)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>bicubic</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>cubic in both directions (slow)
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tripod</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable virtual tripod mode if set to 1, which is equivalent to
<code>relative=0:smoothing=0</code>. Default value is 0.
</p>
<p>Use also <code>tripod</code> option of <a href="#vidstabdetect">vidstabdetect</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>debug</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Increase log verbosity if set to 1. Also the detected global motions
are written to the temporary file <samp>global_motions.trf</samp>. Default
value is 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-86"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.125.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-86" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-86" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Use <code>ffmpeg</code> for a typical stabilization with default values:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i inp.mpeg -vf vidstabtransform,unsharp=5:5:0.8:3:3:0.4 inp_stabilized.mpeg
</pre></div>
<p>Note the use of the <a href="#unsharp">unsharp</a> filter which is always recommended.
</p>
</li><li> Zoom in a bit more and load transform data from a given file:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">vidstabtransform=zoom=5:input="mytransforms.trf"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Smoothen the video even more:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">vidstabtransform=smoothing=30
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="vflip"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.126 vflip<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#vflip" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-vflip" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Flip the input video vertically.
</p>
<p>For example, to vertically flip a video with <code>ffmpeg</code>:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf "vflip" out.avi
</pre></div>
<a name="vignette"></a><a name="vignette-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.127 vignette<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#vignette-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-vignette-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Make or reverse a natural vignetting effect.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>angle, a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set lens angle expression as a number of radians.
</p>
<p>The value is clipped in the <code>[0,PI/2]</code> range.
</p>
<p>Default value: <code>"PI/5"</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x0</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y0</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set center coordinates expressions. Respectively <code>"w/2"</code> and <code>"h/2"</code>
by default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set forward/backward mode.
</p>
<p>Available modes are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>forward</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>The larger the distance from the central point, the darker the image becomes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>backward</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>The larger the distance from the central point, the brighter the image becomes.
This can be used to reverse a vignette effect, though there is no automatic
detection to extract the lens <samp>angle</samp> and other settings (yet). It can
also be used to create a burning effect.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>forward</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>eval</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set evaluation mode for the expressions (<samp>angle</samp>, <samp>x0</samp>, <samp>y0</samp>).
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>init</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate expressions only once during the filter initialization.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>frame</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate expressions for each incoming frame. This is way slower than the
‘<samp>init</samp>’ mode since it requires all the scalers to be re-computed, but it
allows advanced dynamic expressions.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>init</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dither</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set dithering to reduce the circular banding effects. Default is <code>1</code>
(enabled).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>aspect</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set vignette aspect. This setting allows one to adjust the shape of the vignette.
Setting this value to the SAR of the input will make a rectangular vignetting
following the dimensions of the video.
</p>
<p>Default is <code>1/1</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Expressions"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.127.1 Expressions<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Expressions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Expressions" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The <samp>alpha</samp>, <samp>x0</samp> and <samp>y0</samp> expressions can contain the
following parameters.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>w</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>input width and height
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the number of input frame, starting from 0
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) time of the filtered video frame, expressed in
<var>TB</var> units, NAN if undefined
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>frame rate of the input video, NAN if the input frame rate is unknown
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame,
expressed in seconds, NAN if undefined
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tb</samp></dt>
<dd><p>time base of the input video
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-87"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.127.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-87" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-87" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Apply simple strong vignetting effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">vignette=PI/4
</pre></div>
</li><li> Make a flickering vignetting:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">vignette='PI/4+random(1)*PI/50':eval=frame
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="vstack"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.128 vstack<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#vstack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-vstack" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Stack input videos vertically.
</p>
<p>All streams must be of same pixel format and of same width.
</p>
<p>Note that this filter is faster than using <a href="#overlay">overlay</a> and <a href="#pad">pad</a> filter
to create same output.
</p>
<p>The filter accept the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>nb_inputs</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set number of input streams. Default is 2.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="w3fdif"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.129 w3fdif<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#w3fdif" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-w3fdif" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Deinterlace the input video ("w3fdif" stands for "Weston 3 Field
Deinterlacing Filter").
</p>
<p>Based on the process described by Martin Weston for BBC R&D, and
implemented based on the de-interlace algorithm written by Jim
Easterbrook for BBC R&D, the Weston 3 field deinterlacing filter
uses filter coefficients calculated by BBC R&D.
</p>
<p>There are two sets of filter coefficients, so called "simple":
and "complex". Which set of filter coefficients is used can
be set by passing an optional parameter:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>filter</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the interlacing filter coefficients. Accepts one of the following values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>simple</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Simple filter coefficient set.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>complex</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>More-complex filter coefficient set.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>complex</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>deint</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify which frames to deinterlace. Accept one of the following values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>all</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Deinterlace all frames,
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>interlaced</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>all</samp>’.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="waveform"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.130 waveform<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#waveform" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-waveform" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Video waveform monitor.
</p>
<p>The waveform monitor plots color component intensity. By default luminance
only. Each column of the waveform corresponds to a column of pixels in the
source video.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode, m</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Can be either <code>row</code>, or <code>column</code>. Default is <code>column</code>.
In row mode, the graph on the left side represents color component value 0 and
the right side represents value = 255. In column mode, the top side represents
color component value = 0 and bottom side represents value = 255.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>intensity, i</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set intensity. Smaller values are useful to find out how many values of the same
luminance are distributed across input rows/columns.
Default value is <code>0.04</code>. Allowed range is [0, 1].
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mirror, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set mirroring mode. <code>0</code> means unmirrored, <code>1</code> means mirrored.
In mirrored mode, higher values will be represented on the left
side for <code>row</code> mode and at the top for <code>column</code> mode. Default is
<code>1</code> (mirrored).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>display, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set display mode.
It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>overlay</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Presents information identical to that in the <code>parade</code>, except
that the graphs representing color components are superimposed directly
over one another.
</p>
<p>This display mode makes it easier to spot relative differences or similarities
in overlapping areas of the color components that are supposed to be identical,
such as neutral whites, grays, or blacks.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>parade</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Display separate graph for the color components side by side in
<code>row</code> mode or one below the other in <code>column</code> mode.
</p>
<p>Using this display mode makes it easy to spot color casts in the highlights
and shadows of an image, by comparing the contours of the top and the bottom
graphs of each waveform. Since whites, grays, and blacks are characterized
by exactly equal amounts of red, green, and blue, neutral areas of the picture
should display three waveforms of roughly equal width/height. If not, the
correction is easy to perform by making level adjustments the three waveforms.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>parade</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>components, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set which color components to display. Default is 1, which means only luminance
or red color component if input is in RGB colorspace. If is set for example to
7 it will display all 3 (if) available color components.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>envelope, e</samp></dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>No envelope, this is default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>instant</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Instant envelope, minimum and maximum values presented in graph will be easily
visible even with small <code>step</code> value.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>peak</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Hold minimum and maximum values presented in graph across time. This way you
can still spot out of range values without constantly looking at waveforms.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>peak+instant</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Peak and instant envelope combined together.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>filter, f</samp></dt>
<dd><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>lowpass</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>No filtering, this is default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>flat</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Luma and chroma combined together.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>aflat</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Similar as above, but shows difference between blue and red chroma.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>chroma</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Displays only chroma.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>achroma</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Similar as above, but shows difference between blue and red chroma.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>color</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Displays actual color value on waveform.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="xbr"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.131 xbr<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#xbr" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-xbr" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply the xBR high-quality magnification filter which is designed for pixel
art. It follows a set of edge-detection rules, see
<a href="http://www.libretro.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=134">http://www.libretro.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=134</a>.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following option:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the scaling dimension: <code>2</code> for <code>2xBR</code>, <code>3</code> for
<code>3xBR</code> and <code>4</code> for <code>4xBR</code>.
Default is <code>3</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="yadif"></a><a name="yadif-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.132 yadif<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#yadif-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-yadif-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Deinterlace the input video ("yadif" means "yet another deinterlacing
filter").
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The interlacing mode to adopt. It accepts one of the following values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>0, send_frame</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Output one frame for each frame.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>1, send_field</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Output one frame for each field.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>2, send_frame_nospatial</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Like <code>send_frame</code>, but it skips the spatial interlacing check.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>3, send_field_nospatial</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Like <code>send_field</code>, but it skips the spatial interlacing check.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The default value is <code>send_frame</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>parity</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The picture field parity assumed for the input interlaced video. It accepts one
of the following values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>0, tff</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Assume the top field is first.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>1, bff</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Assume the bottom field is first.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>-1, auto</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Enable automatic detection of field parity.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The default value is <code>auto</code>.
If the interlacing is unknown or the decoder does not export this information,
top field first will be assumed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>deint</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify which frames to deinterlace. Accept one of the following
values:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>0, all</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Deinterlace all frames.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>1, interlaced</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The default value is <code>all</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="zoompan"></a>
<h3 class="section">28.133 zoompan<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#zoompan" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-zoompan" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Apply Zoom & Pan effect.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>zoom, z</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the zoom expression. Default is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the x and y expression. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the duration expression in number of frames.
This sets for how many number of frames effect will last for
single input image.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output image size, default is ’hd720’.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Each expression can contain the following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>in_w, iw</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Input width.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>in_h, ih</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Input height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_w, ow</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Output width.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>out_h, oh</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Output height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>in</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Input frame count.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>on</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Output frame count.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>x</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Last calculated ’x’ and ’y’ position from ’x’ and ’y’ expression
for current input frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>px</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>py</samp></dt>
<dd><p>’x’ and ’y’ of last output frame of previous input frame or 0 when there was
not yet such frame (first input frame).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>zoom</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Last calculated zoom from ’z’ expression for current input frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pzoom</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Last calculated zoom of last output frame of previous input frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Number of output frames for current input frame. Calculated from ’d’ expression
for each input frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pduration</samp></dt>
<dd><p>number of output frames created for previous input frame
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Rational number: input width / input height
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>sample aspect ratio
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>dar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>display aspect ratio
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-88"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">28.133.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-88" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-88" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Zoom-in up to 1.5 and pan at same time to some spot near center of picture:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">zoompan=z='min(zoom+0.0015,1.5)':d=700:x='if(gte(zoom,1.5),x,x+1/a)':y='if(gte(zoom,1.5),y,y+1)':s=640x360
</pre></div>
</li><li> Zoom-in up to 1.5 and pan always at center of picture:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">zoompan=z='min(zoom+0.0015,1.5)':d=700:x='iw/2-(iw/zoom/2)':y='ih/2-(ih/zoom/2)'
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="Video-Sources"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">29 Video Sources<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Video-Sources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Video-Sources" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Below is a description of the currently available video sources.
</p>
<a name="buffer"></a>
<h3 class="section">29.1 buffer<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#buffer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-buffer" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Buffer video frames, and make them available to the filter chain.
</p>
<p>This source is mainly intended for a programmatic use, in particular
through the interface defined in <samp>libavfilter/vsrc_buffer.h</samp>.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>video_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the size (width and height) of the buffered video frames. For the
syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>width</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input video width.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>height</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The input video height.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pix_fmt</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A string representing the pixel format of the buffered video frames.
It may be a number corresponding to a pixel format, or a pixel format
name.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>time_base</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the timebase assumed by the timestamps of the buffered frames.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>frame_rate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the frame rate expected for the video stream.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pixel_aspect, sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The sample (pixel) aspect ratio of the input video.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sws_param</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the optional parameters to be used for the scale filter which
is automatically inserted when an input change is detected in the
input size or format.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">buffer=width=320:height=240:pix_fmt=yuv410p:time_base=1/24:sar=1
</pre></div>
<p>will instruct the source to accept video frames with size 320x240 and
with format "yuv410p", assuming 1/24 as the timestamps timebase and
square pixels (1:1 sample aspect ratio).
Since the pixel format with name "yuv410p" corresponds to the number 6
(check the enum AVPixelFormat definition in <samp>libavutil/pixfmt.h</samp>),
this example corresponds to:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">buffer=size=320x240:pixfmt=6:time_base=1/24:pixel_aspect=1/1
</pre></div>
<p>Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string, but this
syntax is deprecated:
</p>
<p><var>width</var>:<var>height</var>:<var>pix_fmt</var>:<var>time_base.num</var>:<var>time_base.den</var>:<var>pixel_aspect.num</var>:<var>pixel_aspect.den</var>[:<var>sws_param</var>]
</p>
<a name="cellauto"></a>
<h3 class="section">29.2 cellauto<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#cellauto" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-cellauto" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Create a pattern generated by an elementary cellular automaton.
</p>
<p>The initial state of the cellular automaton can be defined through the
<samp>filename</samp>, and <samp>pattern</samp> options. If such options are
not specified an initial state is created randomly.
</p>
<p>At each new frame a new row in the video is filled with the result of
the cellular automaton next generation. The behavior when the whole
frame is filled is defined by the <samp>scroll</samp> option.
</p>
<p>This source accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>filename, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Read the initial cellular automaton state, i.e. the starting row, from
the specified file.
In the file, each non-whitespace character is considered an alive
cell, a newline will terminate the row, and further characters in the
file will be ignored.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pattern, p</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Read the initial cellular automaton state, i.e. the starting row, from
the specified string.
</p>
<p>Each non-whitespace character in the string is considered an alive
cell, a newline will terminate the row, and further characters in the
string will be ignored.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video rate, that is the number of frames generated per second.
Default is 25.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>random_fill_ratio, ratio</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the random fill ratio for the initial cellular automaton row. It
is a floating point number value ranging from 0 to 1, defaults to
1/PHI.
</p>
<p>This option is ignored when a file or a pattern is specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>random_seed, seed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the seed for filling randomly the initial row, must be an integer
included between 0 and UINT32_MAX. If not specified, or if explicitly
set to -1, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best
effort basis.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rule</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the cellular automaton rule, it is a number ranging from 0 to 255.
Default value is 110.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the size of the output video. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
</p>
<p>If <samp>filename</samp> or <samp>pattern</samp> is specified, the size is set
by default to the width of the specified initial state row, and the
height is set to <var>width</var> * PHI.
</p>
<p>If <samp>size</samp> is set, it must contain the width of the specified
pattern string, and the specified pattern will be centered in the
larger row.
</p>
<p>If a filename or a pattern string is not specified, the size value
defaults to "320x518" (used for a randomly generated initial state).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>scroll</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, scroll the output upward when all the rows in the output
have been already filled. If set to 0, the new generated row will be
written over the top row just after the bottom row is filled.
Defaults to 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_full, full</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, completely fill the output with generated rows before
outputting the first frame.
This is the default behavior, for disabling set the value to 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stitch</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, stitch the left and right row edges together.
This is the default behavior, for disabling set the value to 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-89"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">29.2.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-89" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-89" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Read the initial state from <samp>pattern</samp>, and specify an output of
size 200x400.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">cellauto=f=pattern:s=200x400
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate a random initial row with a width of 200 cells, with a fill
ratio of 2/3:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">cellauto=ratio=2/3:s=200x200
</pre></div>
</li><li> Create a pattern generated by rule 18 starting by a single alive cell
centered on an initial row with width 100:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">cellauto=p=@:s=100x400:full=0:rule=18
</pre></div>
</li><li> Specify a more elaborated initial pattern:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">cellauto=p='@@ @ @@':s=100x400:full=0:rule=18
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="mandelbrot"></a>
<h3 class="section">29.3 mandelbrot<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mandelbrot" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mandelbrot" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Generate a Mandelbrot set fractal, and progressively zoom towards the
point specified with <var>start_x</var> and <var>start_y</var>.
</p>
<p>This source accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>end_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the terminal pts value. Default value is 400.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>end_scale</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the terminal scale value.
Must be a floating point value. Default value is 0.3.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>inner</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the inner coloring mode, that is the algorithm used to draw the
Mandelbrot fractal internal region.
</p>
<p>It shall assume one of the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>black</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set black mode.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>convergence</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Show time until convergence.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>mincol</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set color based on point closest to the origin of the iterations.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>period</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set period mode.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <var>mincol</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>bailout</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the bailout value. Default value is 10.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>maxiter</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum of iterations performed by the rendering
algorithm. Default value is 7189.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>outer</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set outer coloring mode.
It shall assume one of following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>iteration_count</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set iteration cound mode.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>normalized_iteration_count</samp></dt>
<dd><p>set normalized iteration count mode.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <var>normalized_iteration_count</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frame rate, expressed as number of frames per second. Default
value is "25".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frame size. For the syntax of this option, check the "Video
size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is "640x480".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_scale</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the initial scale value. Default value is 3.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_x</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the initial x position. Must be a floating point value between
-100 and 100. Default value is -0.743643887037158704752191506114774.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_y</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the initial y position. Must be a floating point value between
-100 and 100. Default value is -0.131825904205311970493132056385139.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="mptestsrc"></a>
<h3 class="section">29.4 mptestsrc<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#mptestsrc" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-mptestsrc" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Generate various test patterns, as generated by the MPlayer test filter.
</p>
<p>The size of the generated video is fixed, and is 256x256.
This source is useful in particular for testing encoding features.
</p>
<p>This source accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the frame rate of the sourced video, as the number of frames
generated per second. It has to be a string in the format
<var>frame_rate_num</var>/<var>frame_rate_den</var>, an integer number, a floating point
number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation. The default value is
"25".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the duration of the sourced video. See
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the accepted syntax.
</p>
<p>If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the video is
supposed to be generated forever.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>test, t</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>Set the number or the name of the test to perform. Supported tests are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>dc_luma</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>dc_chroma</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>freq_luma</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>freq_chroma</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>amp_luma</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>amp_chroma</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>cbp</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>mv</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ring1</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ring2</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>all</samp></dt>
</dl>
<p>Default value is "all", which will cycle through the list of all tests.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Some examples:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">mptestsrc=t=dc_luma
</pre></div>
<p>will generate a "dc_luma" test pattern.
</p>
<a name="frei0r_005fsrc"></a>
<h3 class="section">29.5 frei0r_src<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#frei0r_005fsrc" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-frei0r_005fsrc" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Provide a frei0r source.
</p>
<p>To enable compilation of this filter you need to install the frei0r
header and configure FFmpeg with <code>--enable-frei0r</code>.
</p>
<p>This source accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The size of the video to generate. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>framerate</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The framerate of the generated video. It may be a string of the form
<var>num</var>/<var>den</var> or a frame rate abbreviation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>filter_name</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The name to the frei0r source to load. For more information regarding frei0r and
how to set the parameters, read the <a href="#frei0r">frei0r</a> section in the video filters
documentation.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>filter_params</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A ’|’-separated list of parameters to pass to the frei0r source.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>For example, to generate a frei0r partik0l source with size 200x200
and frame rate 10 which is overlaid on the overlay filter main input:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">frei0r_src=size=200x200:framerate=10:filter_name=partik0l:filter_params=1234 [overlay]; [in][overlay] overlay
</pre></div>
<a name="life"></a>
<h3 class="section">29.6 life<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#life" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-life" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Generate a life pattern.
</p>
<p>This source is based on a generalization of John Conway’s life game.
</p>
<p>The sourced input represents a life grid, each pixel represents a cell
which can be in one of two possible states, alive or dead. Every cell
interacts with its eight neighbours, which are the cells that are
horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent.
</p>
<p>At each interaction the grid evolves according to the adopted rule,
which specifies the number of neighbor alive cells which will make a
cell stay alive or born. The <samp>rule</samp> option allows one to specify
the rule to adopt.
</p>
<p>This source accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>filename, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the file from which to read the initial grid state. In the file,
each non-whitespace character is considered an alive cell, and newline
is used to delimit the end of each row.
</p>
<p>If this option is not specified, the initial grid is generated
randomly.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video rate, that is the number of frames generated per second.
Default is 25.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>random_fill_ratio, ratio</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the random fill ratio for the initial random grid. It is a
floating point number value ranging from 0 to 1, defaults to 1/PHI.
It is ignored when a file is specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>random_seed, seed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the seed for filling the initial random grid, must be an integer
included between 0 and UINT32_MAX. If not specified, or if explicitly
set to -1, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best
effort basis.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rule</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the life rule.
</p>
<p>A rule can be specified with a code of the kind "S<var>NS</var>/B<var>NB</var>",
where <var>NS</var> and <var>NB</var> are sequences of numbers in the range 0-8,
<var>NS</var> specifies the number of alive neighbor cells which make a
live cell stay alive, and <var>NB</var> the number of alive neighbor cells
which make a dead cell to become alive (i.e. to "born").
"s" and "b" can be used in place of "S" and "B", respectively.
</p>
<p>Alternatively a rule can be specified by an 18-bits integer. The 9
high order bits are used to encode the next cell state if it is alive
for each number of neighbor alive cells, the low order bits specify
the rule for "borning" new cells. Higher order bits encode for an
higher number of neighbor cells.
For example the number 6153 = <code>(12<<9)+9</code> specifies a stay alive
rule of 12 and a born rule of 9, which corresponds to "S23/B03".
</p>
<p>Default value is "S23/B3", which is the original Conway’s game of life
rule, and will keep a cell alive if it has 2 or 3 neighbor alive
cells, and will born a new cell if there are three alive cells around
a dead cell.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the size of the output video. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
</p>
<p>If <samp>filename</samp> is specified, the size is set by default to the
same size of the input file. If <samp>size</samp> is set, it must contain
the size specified in the input file, and the initial grid defined in
that file is centered in the larger resulting area.
</p>
<p>If a filename is not specified, the size value defaults to "320x240"
(used for a randomly generated initial grid).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stitch</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1, stitch the left and right grid edges together, and the
top and bottom edges also. Defaults to 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mold</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set cell mold speed. If set, a dead cell will go from <samp>death_color</samp> to
<samp>mold_color</samp> with a step of <samp>mold</samp>. <samp>mold</samp> can have a
value from 0 to 255.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>life_color</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the color of living (or new born) cells.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>death_color</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the color of dead cells. If <samp>mold</samp> is set, this is the first color
used to represent a dead cell.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mold_color</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set mold color, for definitely dead and moldy cells.
</p>
<p>For the syntax of these 3 color options, check the "Color" section in the
ffmpeg-utils manual.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-90"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">29.6.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-90" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-90" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Read a grid from <samp>pattern</samp>, and center it on a grid of size
300x300 pixels:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">life=f=pattern:s=300x300
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate a random grid of size 200x200, with a fill ratio of 2/3:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">life=ratio=2/3:s=200x200
</pre></div>
</li><li> Specify a custom rule for evolving a randomly generated grid:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">life=rule=S14/B34
</pre></div>
</li><li> Full example with slow death effect (mold) using <code>ffplay</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi life=s=300x200:mold=10:r=60:ratio=0.1:death_color=#C83232:life_color=#00ff00,scale=1200:800:flags=16
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="allrgb"></a><a name="allyuv"></a><a name="color"></a><a name="haldclutsrc"></a><a name="nullsrc"></a><a name="rgbtestsrc"></a><a name="smptebars"></a><a name="smptehdbars"></a><a name="testsrc"></a><a name="allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc"></a>
<h3 class="section">29.7 allrgb, allyuv, color, haldclutsrc, nullsrc, rgbtestsrc, smptebars, smptehdbars, testsrc<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>The <code>allrgb</code> source returns frames of size 4096x4096 of all rgb colors.
</p>
<p>The <code>allyuv</code> source returns frames of size 4096x4096 of all yuv colors.
</p>
<p>The <code>color</code> source provides an uniformly colored input.
</p>
<p>The <code>haldclutsrc</code> source provides an identity Hald CLUT. See also
<a href="#haldclut">haldclut</a> filter.
</p>
<p>The <code>nullsrc</code> source returns unprocessed video frames. It is
mainly useful to be employed in analysis / debugging tools, or as the
source for filters which ignore the input data.
</p>
<p>The <code>rgbtestsrc</code> source generates an RGB test pattern useful for
detecting RGB vs BGR issues. You should see a red, green and blue
stripe from top to bottom.
</p>
<p>The <code>smptebars</code> source generates a color bars pattern, based on
the SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 1-1990.
</p>
<p>The <code>smptehdbars</code> source generates a color bars pattern, based on
the SMPTE RP 219-2002.
</p>
<p>The <code>testsrc</code> source generates a test video pattern, showing a
color pattern, a scrolling gradient and a timestamp. This is mainly
intended for testing purposes.
</p>
<p>The sources accept the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>color, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the color of the source, only available in the <code>color</code>
source. For the syntax of this option, check the "Color" section in the
ffmpeg-utils manual.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>level</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the level of the Hald CLUT, only available in the <code>haldclutsrc</code>
source. A level of <code>N</code> generates a picture of <code>N*N*N</code> by <code>N*N*N</code>
pixels to be used as identity matrix for 3D lookup tables. Each component is
coded on a <code>1/(N*N)</code> scale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the size of the sourced video. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
The default value is <code>320x240</code>.
</p>
<p>This option is not available with the <code>haldclutsrc</code> filter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the frame rate of the sourced video, as the number of frames
generated per second. It has to be a string in the format
<var>frame_rate_num</var>/<var>frame_rate_den</var>, an integer number, a floating point
number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation. The default value is
"25".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sar</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the sample aspect ratio of the sourced video.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>duration, d</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the duration of the sourced video. See
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#time-duration-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual</a>
for the accepted syntax.
</p>
<p>If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the video is
supposed to be generated forever.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>decimals, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of decimals to show in the timestamp, only available in the
<code>testsrc</code> source.
</p>
<p>The displayed timestamp value will correspond to the original
timestamp value multiplied by the power of 10 of the specified
value. Default value is 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>For example the following:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">testsrc=duration=5.3:size=qcif:rate=10
</pre></div>
<p>will generate a video with a duration of 5.3 seconds, with size
176x144 and a frame rate of 10 frames per second.
</p>
<p>The following graph description will generate a red source
with an opacity of 0.2, with size "qcif" and a frame rate of 10
frames per second.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">color=c=red@0.2:s=qcif:r=10
</pre></div>
<p>If the input content is to be ignored, <code>nullsrc</code> can be used. The
following command generates noise in the luminance plane by employing
the <code>geq</code> filter:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">nullsrc=s=256x256, geq=random(1)*255:128:128
</pre></div>
<a name="Commands-8"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">29.7.1 Commands<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands-8" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands-8" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>The <code>color</code> source supports the following commands:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>c, color</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the color of the created image. Accepts the same syntax of the
corresponding <samp>color</samp> option.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Video-Sinks"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">30 Video Sinks<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Video-Sinks" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Video-Sinks" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Below is a description of the currently available video sinks.
</p>
<a name="buffersink"></a>
<h3 class="section">30.1 buffersink<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#buffersink" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-buffersink" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Buffer video frames, and make them available to the end of the filter
graph.
</p>
<p>This sink is mainly intended for programmatic use, in particular
through the interface defined in <samp>libavfilter/buffersink.h</samp>
or the options system.
</p>
<p>It accepts a pointer to an AVBufferSinkContext structure, which
defines the incoming buffers’ formats, to be passed as the opaque
parameter to <code>avfilter_init_filter</code> for initialization.
</p>
<a name="nullsink"></a>
<h3 class="section">30.2 nullsink<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#nullsink" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-nullsink" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Null video sink: do absolutely nothing with the input video. It is
mainly useful as a template and for use in analysis / debugging
tools.
</p>
<a name="Multimedia-Filters"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">31 Multimedia Filters<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Multimedia-Filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Multimedia-Filters" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Below is a description of the currently available multimedia filters.
</p>
<a name="aphasemeter"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.1 aphasemeter<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#aphasemeter" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-aphasemeter" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert input audio to a video output, displaying the audio phase.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output frame rate. Default value is <code>25</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
Default value is <code>800x400</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rc</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gc</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bc</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the red, green, blue contrast. Default values are <code>2</code>,
<code>7</code> and <code>1</code>.
Allowed range is <code>[0, 255]</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mpc</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set color which will be used for drawing median phase. If color is
<code>none</code> which is default, no median phase value will be drawn.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The filter also exports the frame metadata <code>lavfi.aphasemeter.phase</code> which
represents mean phase of current audio frame. Value is in range <code>[-1, 1]</code>.
The <code>-1</code> means left and right channels are completely out of phase and
<code>1</code> means channels are in phase.
</p>
<a name="avectorscope"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.2 avectorscope<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#avectorscope" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-avectorscope" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert input audio to a video output, representing the audio vector
scope.
</p>
<p>The filter is used to measure the difference between channels of stereo
audio stream. A monoaural signal, consisting of identical left and right
signal, results in straight vertical line. Any stereo separation is visible
as a deviation from this line, creating a Lissajous figure.
If the straight (or deviation from it) but horizontal line appears this
indicates that the left and right channels are out of phase.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode, m</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the vectorscope mode.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>lissajous</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Lissajous rotated by 45 degrees.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>lissajous_xy</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Same as above but not rotated.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>polar</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Shape resembling half of circle.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>lissajous</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
Default value is <code>400x400</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output frame rate. Default value is <code>25</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rc</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gc</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bc</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>ac</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the red, green, blue and alpha contrast. Default values are <code>40</code>,
<code>160</code>, <code>80</code> and <code>255</code>.
Allowed range is <code>[0, 255]</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rf</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>gf</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>bf</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>af</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the red, green, blue and alpha fade. Default values are <code>15</code>,
<code>10</code>, <code>5</code> and <code>5</code>.
Allowed range is <code>[0, 255]</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>zoom</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the zoom factor. Default value is <code>1</code>. Allowed range is <code>[1, 10]</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-91"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.2.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-91" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-91" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Complete example using <code>ffplay</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=input.mp3, asplit [a][out1];
[a] avectorscope=zoom=1.3:rc=2:gc=200:bc=10:rf=1:gf=8:bf=7 [out0]'
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="concat-3"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.3 concat<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#concat-3" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-concat-3" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Concatenate audio and video streams, joining them together one after the
other.
</p>
<p>The filter works on segments of synchronized video and audio streams. All
segments must have the same number of streams of each type, and that will
also be the number of streams at output.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of segments. Default is 2.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>v</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of output video streams, that is also the number of video
streams in each segment. Default is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>a</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of output audio streams, that is also the number of audio
streams in each segment. Default is 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>unsafe</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Activate unsafe mode: do not fail if segments have a different format.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The filter has <var>v</var>+<var>a</var> outputs: first <var>v</var> video outputs, then
<var>a</var> audio outputs.
</p>
<p>There are <var>n</var>x(<var>v</var>+<var>a</var>) inputs: first the inputs for the first
segment, in the same order as the outputs, then the inputs for the second
segment, etc.
</p>
<p>Related streams do not always have exactly the same duration, for various
reasons including codec frame size or sloppy authoring. For that reason,
related synchronized streams (e.g. a video and its audio track) should be
concatenated at once. The concat filter will use the duration of the longest
stream in each segment (except the last one), and if necessary pad shorter
audio streams with silence.
</p>
<p>For this filter to work correctly, all segments must start at timestamp 0.
</p>
<p>All corresponding streams must have the same parameters in all segments; the
filtering system will automatically select a common pixel format for video
streams, and a common sample format, sample rate and channel layout for
audio streams, but other settings, such as resolution, must be converted
explicitly by the user.
</p>
<p>Different frame rates are acceptable but will result in variable frame rate
at output; be sure to configure the output file to handle it.
</p>
<a name="Examples-92"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.3.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-92" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-92" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Concatenate an opening, an episode and an ending, all in bilingual version
(video in stream 0, audio in streams 1 and 2):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i opening.mkv -i episode.mkv -i ending.mkv -filter_complex \
'[0:0] [0:1] [0:2] [1:0] [1:1] [1:2] [2:0] [2:1] [2:2]
concat=n=3:v=1:a=2 [v] [a1] [a2]' \
-map '[v]' -map '[a1]' -map '[a2]' output.mkv
</pre></div>
</li><li> Concatenate two parts, handling audio and video separately, using the
(a)movie sources, and adjusting the resolution:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">movie=part1.mp4, scale=512:288 [v1] ; amovie=part1.mp4 [a1] ;
movie=part2.mp4, scale=512:288 [v2] ; amovie=part2.mp4 [a2] ;
[v1] [v2] concat [outv] ; [a1] [a2] concat=v=0:a=1 [outa]
</pre></div>
<p>Note that a desync will happen at the stitch if the audio and video streams
do not have exactly the same duration in the first file.
</p>
</li></ul>
<a name="ebur128"></a><a name="ebur128-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.4 ebur128<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ebur128-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ebur128-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>EBU R128 scanner filter. This filter takes an audio stream as input and outputs
it unchanged. By default, it logs a message at a frequency of 10Hz with the
Momentary loudness (identified by <code>M</code>), Short-term loudness (<code>S</code>),
Integrated loudness (<code>I</code>) and Loudness Range (<code>LRA</code>).
</p>
<p>The filter also has a video output (see the <var>video</var> option) with a real
time graph to observe the loudness evolution. The graphic contains the logged
message mentioned above, so it is not printed anymore when this option is set,
unless the verbose logging is set. The main graphing area contains the
short-term loudness (3 seconds of analysis), and the gauge on the right is for
the momentary loudness (400 milliseconds).
</p>
<p>More information about the Loudness Recommendation EBU R128 on
<a href="http://tech.ebu.ch/loudness">http://tech.ebu.ch/loudness</a>.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>video</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Activate the video output. The audio stream is passed unchanged whether this
option is set or no. The video stream will be the first output stream if
activated. Default is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the video size. This option is for video only. For the syntax of this
option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
Default and minimum resolution is <code>640x480</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>meter</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the EBU scale meter. Default is <code>9</code>. Common values are <code>9</code> and
<code>18</code>, respectively for EBU scale meter +9 and EBU scale meter +18. Any
other integer value between this range is allowed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>metadata</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set metadata injection. If set to <code>1</code>, the audio input will be segmented
into 100ms output frames, each of them containing various loudness information
in metadata. All the metadata keys are prefixed with <code>lavfi.r128.</code>.
</p>
<p>Default is <code>0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>framelog</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Force the frame logging level.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>info</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>information logging level
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>verbose</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>verbose logging level
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>By default, the logging level is set to <var>info</var>. If the <samp>video</samp> or
the <samp>metadata</samp> options are set, it switches to <var>verbose</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>peak</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set peak mode(s).
</p>
<p>Available modes can be cumulated (the option is a <code>flag</code> type). Possible
values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Disable any peak mode (default).
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sample</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable sample-peak mode.
</p>
<p>Simple peak mode looking for the higher sample value. It logs a message
for sample-peak (identified by <code>SPK</code>).
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>true</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable true-peak mode.
</p>
<p>If enabled, the peak lookup is done on an over-sampled version of the input
stream for better peak accuracy. It logs a message for true-peak.
(identified by <code>TPK</code>) and true-peak per frame (identified by <code>FTPK</code>).
This mode requires a build with <code>libswresample</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-93"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.4.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-93" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-93" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Real-time graph using <code>ffplay</code>, with a EBU scale meter +18:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi -i "amovie=input.mp3,ebur128=video=1:meter=18 [out0][out1]"
</pre></div>
</li><li> Run an analysis with <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -nostats -i input.mp3 -filter_complex ebur128 -f null -
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="interleave_002c-ainterleave"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.5 interleave, ainterleave<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#interleave_002c-ainterleave" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-interleave_002c-ainterleave" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Temporally interleave frames from several inputs.
</p>
<p><code>interleave</code> works with video inputs, <code>ainterleave</code> with audio.
</p>
<p>These filters read frames from several inputs and send the oldest
queued frame to the output.
</p>
<p>Input streams must have a well defined, monotonically increasing frame
timestamp values.
</p>
<p>In order to submit one frame to output, these filters need to enqueue
at least one frame for each input, so they cannot work in case one
input is not yet terminated and will not receive incoming frames.
</p>
<p>For example consider the case when one input is a <code>select</code> filter
which always drop input frames. The <code>interleave</code> filter will keep
reading from that input, but it will never be able to send new frames
to output until the input will send an end-of-stream signal.
</p>
<p>Also, depending on inputs synchronization, the filters will drop
frames in case one input receives more frames than the other ones, and
the queue is already filled.
</p>
<p>These filters accept the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>nb_inputs, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of different inputs, it is 2 by default.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-94"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.5.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-94" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-94" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Interleave frames belonging to different streams using <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i bambi.avi -i pr0n.mkv -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] interleave" out.avi
</pre></div>
</li><li> Add flickering blur effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">select='if(gt(random(0), 0.2), 1, 2)':n=2 [tmp], boxblur=2:2, [tmp] interleave
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="perms_002c-aperms"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.6 perms, aperms<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#perms_002c-aperms" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-perms_002c-aperms" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Set read/write permissions for the output frames.
</p>
<p>These filters are mainly aimed at developers to test direct path in the
following filter in the filtergraph.
</p>
<p>The filters accept the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Select the permissions mode.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Do nothing. This is the default.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>ro</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set all the output frames read-only.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rw</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set all the output frames directly writable.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>toggle</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Make the frame read-only if writable, and writable if read-only.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>random</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set each output frame read-only or writable randomly.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>seed</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the seed for the <var>random</var> mode, must be an integer included between
<code>0</code> and <code>UINT32_MAX</code>. If not specified, or if explicitly set to
<code>-1</code>, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best effort
basis.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Note: in case of auto-inserted filter between the permission filter and the
following one, the permission might not be received as expected in that
following filter. Inserting a <a href="#format">format</a> or <a href="#aformat">aformat</a> filter before the
perms/aperms filter can avoid this problem.
</p>
<a name="select_002c-aselect"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.7 select, aselect<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#select_002c-aselect" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-select_002c-aselect" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Select frames to pass in output.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>expr, e</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set expression, which is evaluated for each input frame.
</p>
<p>If the expression is evaluated to zero, the frame is discarded.
</p>
<p>If the evaluation result is negative or NaN, the frame is sent to the
first output; otherwise it is sent to the output with index
<code>ceil(val)-1</code>, assuming that the input index starts from 0.
</p>
<p>For example a value of <code>1.2</code> corresponds to the output with index
<code>ceil(1.2)-1 = 2-1 = 1</code>, that is the second output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>outputs, n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of outputs. The output to which to send the selected
frame is based on the result of the evaluation. Default value is 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The expression can contain the following constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The (sequential) number of the filtered frame, starting from 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>selected_n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The (sequential) number of the selected frame, starting from 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>prev_selected_n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The sequential number of the last selected frame. It’s NAN if undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>TB</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The timebase of the input timestamps.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame,
expressed in <var>TB</var> units. It’s NAN if undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The PTS of the filtered video frame,
expressed in seconds. It’s NAN if undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>prev_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The PTS of the previously filtered video frame. It’s NAN if undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>prev_selected_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The PTS of the last previously filtered video frame. It’s NAN if undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>prev_selected_t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The PTS of the last previously selected video frame. It’s NAN if undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_pts</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The PTS of the first video frame in the video. It’s NAN if undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>start_t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The time of the first video frame in the video. It’s NAN if undefined.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pict_type <em>(video only)</em></samp></dt>
<dd><p>The type of the filtered frame. It can assume one of the following
values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>I</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>P</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>B</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>S</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>SI</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>SP</samp></dt>
<dt><samp>BI</samp></dt>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>interlace_type <em>(video only)</em></samp></dt>
<dd><p>The frame interlace type. It can assume one of the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>PROGRESSIVE</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The frame is progressive (not interlaced).
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>TOPFIRST</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The frame is top-field-first.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>BOTTOMFIRST</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The frame is bottom-field-first.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>consumed_sample_n <em>(audio only)</em></samp></dt>
<dd><p>the number of selected samples before the current frame
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>samples_n <em>(audio only)</em></samp></dt>
<dd><p>the number of samples in the current frame
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>sample_rate <em>(audio only)</em></samp></dt>
<dd><p>the input sample rate
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>key</samp></dt>
<dd><p>This is 1 if the filtered frame is a key-frame, 0 otherwise.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>pos</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the position in the file of the filtered frame, -1 if the information
is not available (e.g. for synthetic video)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>scene <em>(video only)</em></samp></dt>
<dd><p>value between 0 and 1 to indicate a new scene; a low value reflects a low
probability for the current frame to introduce a new scene, while a higher
value means the current frame is more likely to be one (see the example below)
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The default value of the select expression is "1".
</p>
<a name="Examples-95"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.7.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-95" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-95" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Select all frames in input:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">select
</pre></div>
<p>The example above is the same as:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">select=1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Skip all frames:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">select=0
</pre></div>
</li><li> Select only I-frames:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">select='eq(pict_type\,I)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Select one frame every 100:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">select='not(mod(n\,100))'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Select only frames contained in the 10-20 time interval:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">select=between(t\,10\,20)
</pre></div>
</li><li> Select only I frames contained in the 10-20 time interval:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">select=between(t\,10\,20)*eq(pict_type\,I)
</pre></div>
</li><li> Select frames with a minimum distance of 10 seconds:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">select='isnan(prev_selected_t)+gte(t-prev_selected_t\,10)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Use aselect to select only audio frames with samples number > 100:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aselect='gt(samples_n\,100)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Create a mosaic of the first scenes:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i video.avi -vf select='gt(scene\,0.4)',scale=160:120,tile -frames:v 1 preview.png
</pre></div>
<p>Comparing <var>scene</var> against a value between 0.3 and 0.5 is generally a sane
choice.
</p>
</li><li> Send even and odd frames to separate outputs, and compose them:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">select=n=2:e='mod(n, 2)+1' [odd][even]; [odd] pad=h=2*ih [tmp]; [tmp][even] overlay=y=h
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="sendcmd_002c-asendcmd"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.8 sendcmd, asendcmd<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#sendcmd_002c-asendcmd" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-sendcmd_002c-asendcmd" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Send commands to filters in the filtergraph.
</p>
<p>These filters read commands to be sent to other filters in the
filtergraph.
</p>
<p><code>sendcmd</code> must be inserted between two video filters,
<code>asendcmd</code> must be inserted between two audio filters, but apart
from that they act the same way.
</p>
<p>The specification of commands can be provided in the filter arguments
with the <var>commands</var> option, or in a file specified by the
<var>filename</var> option.
</p>
<p>These filters accept the following options:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>commands, c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the commands to be read and sent to the other filters.
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>filename, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the filename of the commands to be read and sent to the other
filters.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Commands-syntax"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.8.1 Commands syntax<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Commands-syntax" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Commands-syntax" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>A commands description consists of a sequence of interval
specifications, comprising a list of commands to be executed when a
particular event related to that interval occurs. The occurring event
is typically the current frame time entering or leaving a given time
interval.
</p>
<p>An interval is specified by the following syntax:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>START</var>[-<var>END</var>] <var>COMMANDS</var>;
</pre></div>
<p>The time interval is specified by the <var>START</var> and <var>END</var> times.
<var>END</var> is optional and defaults to the maximum time.
</p>
<p>The current frame time is considered within the specified interval if
it is included in the interval [<var>START</var>, <var>END</var>), that is when
the time is greater or equal to <var>START</var> and is lesser than
<var>END</var>.
</p>
<p><var>COMMANDS</var> consists of a sequence of one or more command
specifications, separated by ",", relating to that interval. The
syntax of a command specification is given by:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">[<var>FLAGS</var>] <var>TARGET</var> <var>COMMAND</var> <var>ARG</var>
</pre></div>
<p><var>FLAGS</var> is optional and specifies the type of events relating to
the time interval which enable sending the specified command, and must
be a non-null sequence of identifier flags separated by "+" or "|" and
enclosed between "[" and "]".
</p>
<p>The following flags are recognized:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>enter</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The command is sent when the current frame timestamp enters the
specified interval. In other words, the command is sent when the
previous frame timestamp was not in the given interval, and the
current is.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>leave</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The command is sent when the current frame timestamp leaves the
specified interval. In other words, the command is sent when the
previous frame timestamp was in the given interval, and the
current is not.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If <var>FLAGS</var> is not specified, a default value of <code>[enter]</code> is
assumed.
</p>
<p><var>TARGET</var> specifies the target of the command, usually the name of
the filter class or a specific filter instance name.
</p>
<p><var>COMMAND</var> specifies the name of the command for the target filter.
</p>
<p><var>ARG</var> is optional and specifies the optional list of argument for
the given <var>COMMAND</var>.
</p>
<p>Between one interval specification and another, whitespaces, or
sequences of characters starting with <code>#</code> until the end of line,
are ignored and can be used to annotate comments.
</p>
<p>A simplified BNF description of the commands specification syntax
follows:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>COMMAND_FLAG</var> ::= "enter" | "leave"
<var>COMMAND_FLAGS</var> ::= <var>COMMAND_FLAG</var> [(+|"|")<var>COMMAND_FLAG</var>]
<var>COMMAND</var> ::= ["[" <var>COMMAND_FLAGS</var> "]"] <var>TARGET</var> <var>COMMAND</var> [<var>ARG</var>]
<var>COMMANDS</var> ::= <var>COMMAND</var> [,<var>COMMANDS</var>]
<var>INTERVAL</var> ::= <var>START</var>[-<var>END</var>] <var>COMMANDS</var>
<var>INTERVALS</var> ::= <var>INTERVAL</var>[;<var>INTERVALS</var>]
</pre></div>
<a name="Examples-96"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.8.2 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-96" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-96" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Specify audio tempo change at second 4:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">asendcmd=c='4.0 atempo tempo 1.5',atempo
</pre></div>
</li><li> Specify a list of drawtext and hue commands in a file.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"># show text in the interval 5-10
5.0-10.0 [enter] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=hello world',
[leave] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=';
# desaturate the image in the interval 15-20
15.0-20.0 [enter] hue s 0,
[enter] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=nocolor',
[leave] hue s 1,
[leave] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=color';
# apply an exponential saturation fade-out effect, starting from time 25
25 [enter] hue s exp(25-t)
</pre></div>
<p>A filtergraph allowing to read and process the above command list
stored in a file <samp>test.cmd</samp>, can be specified with:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">sendcmd=f=test.cmd,drawtext=fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text='',hue
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="setpts"></a><a name="setpts_002c-asetpts"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.9 setpts, asetpts<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#setpts_002c-asetpts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-setpts_002c-asetpts" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Change the PTS (presentation timestamp) of the input frames.
</p>
<p><code>setpts</code> works on video frames, <code>asetpts</code> on audio frames.
</p>
<p>This filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>expr</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The expression which is evaluated for each frame to construct its timestamp.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The expression is evaluated through the eval API and can contain the following
constants:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>FRAME_RATE</samp></dt>
<dd><p>frame rate, only defined for constant frame-rate video
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>PTS</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The presentation timestamp in input
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>N</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The count of the input frame for video or the number of consumed samples,
not including the current frame for audio, starting from 0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>NB_CONSUMED_SAMPLES</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of consumed samples, not including the current frame (only
audio)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>NB_SAMPLES, S</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The number of samples in the current frame (only audio)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>SAMPLE_RATE, SR</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The audio sample rate.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>STARTPTS</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The PTS of the first frame.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>STARTT</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the time in seconds of the first frame
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>INTERLACED</samp></dt>
<dd><p>State whether the current frame is interlaced.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>T</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the time in seconds of the current frame
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>POS</samp></dt>
<dd><p>original position in the file of the frame, or undefined if undefined
for the current frame
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>PREV_INPTS</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The previous input PTS.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>PREV_INT</samp></dt>
<dd><p>previous input time in seconds
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>PREV_OUTPTS</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The previous output PTS.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>PREV_OUTT</samp></dt>
<dd><p>previous output time in seconds
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>RTCTIME</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The wallclock (RTC) time in microseconds. This is deprecated, use time(0)
instead.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>RTCSTART</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The wallclock (RTC) time at the start of the movie in microseconds.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>TB</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The timebase of the input timestamps.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-97"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.9.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-97" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-97" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Start counting PTS from zero
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setpts=PTS-STARTPTS
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply fast motion effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setpts=0.5*PTS
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply slow motion effect:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setpts=2.0*PTS
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set fixed rate of 25 frames per second:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setpts=N/(25*TB)
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set fixed rate 25 fps with some jitter:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setpts='1/(25*TB) * (N + 0.05 * sin(N*2*PI/25))'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Apply an offset of 10 seconds to the input PTS:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setpts=PTS+10/TB
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate timestamps from a "live source" and rebase onto the current timebase:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">setpts='(RTCTIME - RTCSTART) / (TB * 1000000)'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Generate timestamps by counting samples:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">asetpts=N/SR/TB
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="settb_002c-asettb"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.10 settb, asettb<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#settb_002c-asettb" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-settb_002c-asettb" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Set the timebase to use for the output frames timestamps.
It is mainly useful for testing timebase configuration.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>expr, tb</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The expression which is evaluated into the output timebase.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The value for <samp>tb</samp> is an arithmetic expression representing a
rational. The expression can contain the constants "AVTB" (the default
timebase), "intb" (the input timebase) and "sr" (the sample rate,
audio only). Default value is "intb".
</p>
<a name="Examples-98"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.10.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-98" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-98" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Set the timebase to 1/25:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">settb=expr=1/25
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set the timebase to 1/10:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">settb=expr=0.1
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set the timebase to 1001/1000:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">settb=1+0.001
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set the timebase to 2*intb:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">settb=2*intb
</pre></div>
</li><li> Set the default timebase value:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">settb=AVTB
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="showcqt"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.11 showcqt<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#showcqt" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-showcqt" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert input audio to a video output representing
frequency spectrum logarithmically (using constant Q transform with
Brown-Puckette algorithm), with musical tone scale, from E0 to D#10 (10 octaves).
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>volume</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify transform volume (multiplier) expression. The expression can contain
variables:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, freq, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the frequency where transform is evaluated
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>timeclamp, tc</samp></dt>
<dd><p>value of timeclamp option
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>and functions:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>a_weighting(f)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>A-weighting of equal loudness
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>b_weighting(f)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>B-weighting of equal loudness
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>c_weighting(f)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>C-weighting of equal loudness
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>16</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>tlength</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify transform length expression. The expression can contain variables:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, freq, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the frequency where transform is evaluated
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>timeclamp, tc</samp></dt>
<dd><p>value of timeclamp option
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>384/f*tc/(384/f+tc)</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>timeclamp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the transform timeclamp. At low frequency, there is trade-off between
accuracy in time domain and frequency domain. If timeclamp is lower,
event in time domain is represented more accurately (such as fast bass drum),
otherwise event in frequency domain is represented more accurately
(such as bass guitar). Acceptable value is [0.1, 1.0]. Default value is <code>0.17</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>coeffclamp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the transform coeffclamp. If coeffclamp is lower, transform is
more accurate, otherwise transform is faster. Acceptable value is [0.1, 10.0].
Default value is <code>1.0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify gamma. Lower gamma makes the spectrum more contrast, higher gamma
makes the spectrum having more range. Acceptable value is [1.0, 7.0].
Default value is <code>3.0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gamma2</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify gamma of bargraph. Acceptable value is [1.0, 7.0].
Default value is <code>1.0</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fontfile</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify font file for use with freetype. If not specified, use embedded font.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fontcolor</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify font color expression. This is arithmetic expression that should return
integer value 0xRRGGBB. The expression can contain variables:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>frequency, freq, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>the frequency where transform is evaluated
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>timeclamp, tc</samp></dt>
<dd><p>value of timeclamp option
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>and functions:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>midi(f)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>midi number of frequency f, some midi numbers: E0(16), C1(24), C2(36), A4(69)
</p></dd>
<dt><samp>r(x), g(x), b(x)</samp></dt>
<dd><p>red, green, and blue value of intensity x
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>st(0, (midi(f)-59.5)/12);
st(1, if(between(ld(0),0,1), 0.5-0.5*cos(2*PI*ld(0)), 0));
r(1-ld(1)) + b(ld(1))</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fullhd</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set to 1 (the default), the video size is 1920x1080 (full HD),
if set to 0, the video size is 960x540. Use this option to make CPU usage lower.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fps</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify video fps. Default value is <code>25</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>count</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify number of transform per frame, so there are fps*count transforms
per second. Note that audio data rate must be divisible by fps*count.
Default value is <code>6</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-99"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.11.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-99" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-99" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Playing audio while showing the spectrum:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=a.mp3, asplit [a][out1]; [a] showcqt [out0]'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Same as above, but with frame rate 30 fps:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=a.mp3, asplit [a][out1]; [a] showcqt=fps=30:count=5 [out0]'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Playing at 960x540 and lower CPU usage:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=a.mp3, asplit [a][out1]; [a] showcqt=fullhd=0:count=3 [out0]'
</pre></div>
</li><li> A1 and its harmonics: A1, A2, (near)E3, A3:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi 'aevalsrc=0.1*sin(2*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(4*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(6*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(8*PI*55*t),
asplit[a][out1]; [a] showcqt [out0]'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Same as above, but with more accuracy in frequency domain (and slower):
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi 'aevalsrc=0.1*sin(2*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(4*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(6*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(8*PI*55*t),
asplit[a][out1]; [a] showcqt=timeclamp=0.5 [out0]'
</pre></div>
</li><li> B-weighting of equal loudness
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">volume=16*b_weighting(f)
</pre></div>
</li><li> Lower Q factor
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">tlength=100/f*tc/(100/f+tc)
</pre></div>
</li><li> Custom fontcolor, C-note is colored green, others are colored blue
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">fontcolor='if(mod(floor(midi(f)+0.5),12), 0x0000FF, g(1))'
</pre></div>
</li><li> Custom gamma, now spectrum is linear to the amplitude.
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">gamma=2:gamma2=2
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="showfreqs"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.12 showfreqs<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#showfreqs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-showfreqs" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert input audio to video output representing the audio power spectrum.
Audio amplitude is on Y-axis while frequency is on X-axis.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify size of video. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
Default is <code>1024x512</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set display mode.
This set how each frequency bin will be represented.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>line</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>bar</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>dot</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>bar</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>ascale</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set amplitude scale.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>lin</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Linear scale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sqrt</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Square root scale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>cbrt</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Cubic root scale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>log</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Logarithmic scale.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>log</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>fscale</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set frequency scale.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>lin</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Linear scale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>log</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Logarithmic scale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>rlog</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Reverse logarithmic scale.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>lin</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>win_size</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set window size.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>w16</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w32</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w64</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w128</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w256</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w512</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w1024</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w2048</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w4096</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w8192</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w16384</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w32768</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>w65536</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>w2048</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>win_func</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set windowing function.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>rect</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>bartlett</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>hanning</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>hamming</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>blackman</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>welch</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>flattop</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>bharris</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>bnuttall</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>bhann</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>sine</samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp>nuttall</samp>’</dt>
</dl>
<p>Default is <code>hanning</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>overlap</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set window overlap. In range <code>[0, 1]</code>. Default is <code>1</code>,
which means optimal overlap for selected window function will be picked.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>averaging</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set time averaging. Setting this to 0 will display current maximal peaks.
Default is <code>1</code>, which means time averaging is disabled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>color</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify list of colors separated by space or by ’|’ which will be used to
draw channel frequencies. Unrecognized or missing colors will be replaced
by white color.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="showspectrum"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.13 showspectrum<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#showspectrum" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-showspectrum" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert input audio to a video output, representing the audio frequency
spectrum.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
Default value is <code>640x512</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>slide</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify how the spectrum should slide along the window.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>replace</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>the samples start again on the left when they reach the right
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>scroll</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>the samples scroll from right to left
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>fullframe</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>frames are only produced when the samples reach the right
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>replace</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify display mode.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>combined</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>all channels are displayed in the same row
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>separate</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>all channels are displayed in separate rows
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>combined</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>color</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify display color mode.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>channel</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>each channel is displayed in a separate color
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>intensity</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>each channel is is displayed using the same color scheme
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>channel</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>scale</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify scale used for calculating intensity color values.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>lin</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>linear
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>sqrt</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>square root, default
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>cbrt</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>cubic root
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>log</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>logarithmic
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is ‘<samp>sqrt</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>saturation</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set saturation modifier for displayed colors. Negative values provide
alternative color scheme. <code>0</code> is no saturation at all.
Saturation must be in [-10.0, 10.0] range.
Default value is <code>1</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>win_func</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set window function.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following values:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>No samples pre-processing (do not expect this to be faster)
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hann</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Hann window
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>hamming</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Hamming window
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>blackman</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Blackman window
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>hann</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>The usage is very similar to the showwaves filter; see the examples in that
section.
</p>
<a name="Examples-100"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.13.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-100" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-100" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Large window with logarithmic color scaling:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">showspectrum=s=1280x480:scale=log
</pre></div>
</li><li> Complete example for a colored and sliding spectrum per channel using <code>ffplay</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=input.mp3, asplit [a][out1];
[a] showspectrum=mode=separate:color=intensity:slide=1:scale=cbrt [out0]'
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="showvolume"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.14 showvolume<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#showvolume" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-showvolume" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert input audio volume to a video output.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set video rate.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>b</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set border width, allowed range is [0, 5]. Default is 1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>w</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set channel width, allowed range is [40, 1080]. Default is 400.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>h</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set channel height, allowed range is [1, 100]. Default is 20.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set fade, allowed range is [1, 255]. Default is 20.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>c</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set volume color expression.
</p>
<p>The expression can use the following variables:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>VOLUME</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Current max volume of channel in dB.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>CHANNEL</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Current channel number, starting from 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><samp>t</samp></dt>
<dd><p>If set, displays channel names. Default is enabled.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="showwaves"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.15 showwaves<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#showwaves" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-showwaves" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert input audio to a video output, representing the samples waves.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
Default value is <code>600x240</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>mode</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set display mode.
</p>
<p>Available values are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>point</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Draw a point for each sample.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>line</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Draw a vertical line for each sample.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>p2p</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Draw a point for each sample and a line between them.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>cline</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Draw a centered vertical line for each sample.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Default value is <code>point</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>n</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the number of samples which are printed on the same column. A
larger value will decrease the frame rate. Must be a positive
integer. This option can be set only if the value for <var>rate</var>
is not explicitly specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>rate, r</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set the (approximate) output frame rate. This is done by setting the
option <var>n</var>. Default value is "25".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>split_channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set if channels should be drawn separately or overlap. Default value is 0.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-101"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.15.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-101" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-101" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Output the input file audio and the corresponding video representation
at the same time:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">amovie=a.mp3,asplit[out0],showwaves[out1]
</pre></div>
</li><li> Create a synthetic signal and show it with showwaves, forcing a
frame rate of 30 frames per second:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">aevalsrc=sin(1*2*PI*t)*sin(880*2*PI*t):cos(2*PI*200*t),asplit[out0],showwaves=r=30[out1]
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="showwavespic"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.16 showwavespic<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#showwavespic" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-showwavespic" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Convert input audio to a single video frame, representing the samples waves.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>size, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html#video-size-syntax">(ffmpeg-utils)"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual</a>.
Default value is <code>600x240</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>split_channels</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Set if channels should be drawn separately or overlap. Default value is 0.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="Examples-102"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.16.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-102" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-102" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Extract a channel split representation of the wave form of a whole audio track
in a 1024x800 picture using <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i audio.flac -lavfi showwavespic=split_channels=1:s=1024x800 waveform.png
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="split_002c-asplit"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.17 split, asplit<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#split_002c-asplit" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-split_002c-asplit" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Split input into several identical outputs.
</p>
<p><code>asplit</code> works with audio input, <code>split</code> with video.
</p>
<p>The filter accepts a single parameter which specifies the number of outputs. If
unspecified, it defaults to 2.
</p>
<a name="Examples-103"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.17.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-103" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-103" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Create two separate outputs from the same input:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">[in] split [out0][out1]
</pre></div>
</li><li> To create 3 or more outputs, you need to specify the number of
outputs, like in:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">[in] asplit=3 [out0][out1][out2]
</pre></div>
</li><li> Create two separate outputs from the same input, one cropped and
one padded:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">[in] split [splitout1][splitout2];
[splitout1] crop=100:100:0:0 [cropout];
[splitout2] pad=200:200:100:100 [padout];
</pre></div>
</li><li> Create 5 copies of the input audio with <code>ffmpeg</code>:
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT -filter_complex asplit=5 OUTPUT
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="zmq_002c-azmq"></a>
<h3 class="section">31.18 zmq, azmq<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#zmq_002c-azmq" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-zmq_002c-azmq" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Receive commands sent through a libzmq client, and forward them to
filters in the filtergraph.
</p>
<p><code>zmq</code> and <code>azmq</code> work as a pass-through filters. <code>zmq</code>
must be inserted between two video filters, <code>azmq</code> between two
audio filters.
</p>
<p>To enable these filters you need to install the libzmq library and
headers and configure FFmpeg with <code>--enable-libzmq</code>.
</p>
<p>For more information about libzmq see:
<a href="http://www.zeromq.org/">http://www.zeromq.org/</a>
</p>
<p>The <code>zmq</code> and <code>azmq</code> filters work as a libzmq server, which
receives messages sent through a network interface defined by the
<samp>bind_address</samp> option.
</p>
<p>The received message must be in the form:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>TARGET</var> <var>COMMAND</var> [<var>ARG</var>]
</pre></div>
<p><var>TARGET</var> specifies the target of the command, usually the name of
the filter class or a specific filter instance name.
</p>
<p><var>COMMAND</var> specifies the name of the command for the target filter.
</p>
<p><var>ARG</var> is optional and specifies the optional argument list for the
given <var>COMMAND</var>.
</p>
<p>Upon reception, the message is processed and the corresponding command
is injected into the filtergraph. Depending on the result, the filter
will send a reply to the client, adopting the format:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example"><var>ERROR_CODE</var> <var>ERROR_REASON</var>
<var>MESSAGE</var>
</pre></div>
<p><var>MESSAGE</var> is optional.
</p>
<a name="Examples-104"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">31.18.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-104" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-104" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<p>Look at <samp>tools/zmqsend</samp> for an example of a zmq client which can
be used to send commands processed by these filters.
</p>
<p>Consider the following filtergraph generated by <code>ffplay</code>
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">ffplay -dumpgraph 1 -f lavfi "
color=s=100x100:c=red [l];
color=s=100x100:c=blue [r];
nullsrc=s=200x100, zmq [bg];
[bg][l] overlay [bg+l];
[bg+l][r] overlay=x=100 "
</pre></div>
<p>To change the color of the left side of the video, the following
command can be used:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">echo Parsed_color_0 c yellow | tools/zmqsend
</pre></div>
<p>To change the right side:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">echo Parsed_color_1 c pink | tools/zmqsend
</pre></div>
<a name="Multimedia-Sources"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">32 Multimedia Sources<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Multimedia-Sources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Multimedia-Sources" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>Below is a description of the currently available multimedia sources.
</p>
<a name="amovie"></a>
<h3 class="section">32.1 amovie<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#amovie" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-amovie" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>This is the same as <a href="#movie">movie</a> source, except it selects an audio
stream by default.
</p>
<a name="movie"></a><a name="movie-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">32.2 movie<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#movie-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-movie-1" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
<p>Read audio and/or video stream(s) from a movie container.
</p>
<p>It accepts the following parameters:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><samp>filename</samp></dt>
<dd><p>The name of the resource to read (not necessarily a file; it can also be a
device or a stream accessed through some protocol).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>format_name, f</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the format assumed for the movie to read, and can be either
the name of a container or an input device. If not specified, the
format is guessed from <var>movie_name</var> or by probing.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>seek_point, sp</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the seek point in seconds. The frames will be output
starting from this seek point. The parameter is evaluated with
<code>av_strtod</code>, so the numerical value may be suffixed by an IS
postfix. The default value is "0".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>streams, s</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the streams to read. Several streams can be specified,
separated by "+". The source will then have as many outputs, in the
same order. The syntax is explained in the “Stream specifiers”
section in the ffmpeg manual. Two special names, "dv" and "da" specify
respectively the default (best suited) video and audio stream. Default
is "dv", or "da" if the filter is called as "amovie".
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>stream_index, si</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the index of the video stream to read. If the value is -1,
the most suitable video stream will be automatically selected. The default
value is "-1". Deprecated. If the filter is called "amovie", it will select
audio instead of video.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>loop</samp></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies how many times to read the stream in sequence.
If the value is less than 1, the stream will be read again and again.
Default value is "1".
</p>
<p>Note that when the movie is looped the source timestamps are not
changed, so it will generate non monotonically increasing timestamps.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>It allows overlaying a second video on top of the main input of
a filtergraph, as shown in this graph:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">input -----------> deltapts0 --> overlay --> output
^
|
movie --> scale--> deltapts1 -------+
</pre></div>
<a name="Examples-105"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">32.2.1 Examples<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Examples-105" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Examples-105" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
<ul>
<li> Skip 3.2 seconds from the start of the AVI file in.avi, and overlay it
on top of the input labelled "in":
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">movie=in.avi:seek_point=3.2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [over];
[in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
[main][over] overlay=16:16 [out]
</pre></div>
</li><li> Read from a video4linux2 device, and overlay it on top of the input
labelled "in":
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">movie=/dev/video0:f=video4linux2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [over];
[in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
[main][over] overlay=16:16 [out]
</pre></div>
</li><li> Read the first video stream and the audio stream with id 0x81 from
dvd.vob; the video is connected to the pad named "video" and the audio is
connected to the pad named "audio":
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">movie=dvd.vob:s=v:0+#0x81 [video] [audio]
</pre></div>
</li></ul>
<a name="See-Also"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">33 See Also<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#See-Also" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-See-Also" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p><a href="ffplay.html">ffplay</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg.html">ffmpeg</a>, <a href="ffprobe.html">ffprobe</a>, <a href="ffserver.html">ffserver</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg-utils.html">ffmpeg-utils</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg-scaler.html">ffmpeg-scaler</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg-resampler.html">ffmpeg-resampler</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg-codecs.html">ffmpeg-codecs</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg-bitstream-filters.html">ffmpeg-bitstream-filters</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg-formats.html">ffmpeg-formats</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg-devices.html">ffmpeg-devices</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg-protocols.html">ffmpeg-protocols</a>,
<a href="ffmpeg-filters.html">ffmpeg-filters</a>
</p>
<a name="Authors"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">34 Authors<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Authors" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Authors" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
<p>The FFmpeg developers.
</p>
<p>For details about the authorship, see the Git history of the project
(git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg), e.g. by typing the command
<code>git log</code> in the FFmpeg source directory, or browsing the
online repository at <a href="http://source.ffmpeg.org">http://source.ffmpeg.org</a>.
</p>
<p>Maintainers for the specific components are listed in the file
<samp>MAINTAINERS</samp> in the source code tree.
</p>
<p style="font-size: small;">
This document was generated using <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/"><em>makeinfo</em></a>.
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|