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<title> Postfix manual - trivial-rewrite(8) </title>
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TRIVIAL-REWRITE(8) TRIVIAL-REWRITE(8)
<b>NAME</b>
trivial-rewrite - Postfix address rewriting and resolving daemon
<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
<b>trivial-rewrite</b> [generic Postfix daemon options]
<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
The <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>trivial-rewrite</b>(8)</a> daemon processes three types of client service
requests:
<b>rewrite</b> <i>context address</i>
Rewrite an address to standard form, according to the address
rewriting context:
<b>local</b> Append the domain names specified with <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a></b> or
<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a></b> to incomplete addresses; do <b><a href="postconf.5.html#swap_bangpath">swap_bangpath</a></b> and
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_percent_hack">allow_percent_hack</a></b> processing as described below, and
strip source routed addresses (<i>@site,@site:user@domain</i>)
to <i>user@domain</i> form.
<b>remote</b> Append the domain name specified with <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#remote_header_rewrite_domain">remote_header_re</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#remote_header_rewrite_domain">write_domain</a></b> to incomplete addresses. Otherwise the
result is identical to that of the <b>local</b> address rewrit-
ing context. This prevents Postfix from appending the
local domain to spam from poorly written remote clients.
<b>resolve</b> <i>sender address</i>
Resolve the address to a (<i>transport</i>, <i>nexthop</i>, <i>recipient</i>, <i>flags</i>)
quadruple. The meaning of the results is as follows:
<i>transport</i>
The delivery agent to use. This is the first field of an
entry in the <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> file.
<i>nexthop</i>
The host to send to and optional delivery method informa-
tion.
<i>recipient</i>
The envelope recipient address that is passed on to <i>nex-</i>
<i>thop</i>.
<i>flags</i> The address class, whether the address requires relaying,
whether the address has problems, and whether the request
failed.
<b>verify</b> <i>sender address</i>
Resolve the address for address verification purposes.
<b>SERVER PROCESS MANAGEMENT</b>
The <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>trivial-rewrite</b>(8)</a> servers run under control by the Postfix master
server. Each server can handle multiple simultaneous connections.
When all servers are busy while a client connects, the master creates a
new server process, provided that the trivial-rewrite server process
limit is not exceeded. Each trivial-rewrite server terminates after
serving at least <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#max_use">max_use</a></b> clients of after <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#max_idle">max_idle</a></b> seconds of idle
time.
<b>STANDARDS</b>
None. The command does not interact with the outside world.
<b>SECURITY</b>
The <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>trivial-rewrite</b>(8)</a> daemon is not security sensitive. By default,
this daemon does not talk to remote or local users. It can run at a
fixed low privilege in a chrooted environment.
<b>DIAGNOSTICS</b>
Problems and transactions are logged to <b>syslogd</b>(8).
<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b>
On busy mail systems a long time may pass before a <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> change
affecting <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>trivial-rewrite</b>(8)</a> is picked up. Use the command "<b>postfix</b>
<b>reload</b>" to speed up a change.
The text below provides only a parameter summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for
more details including examples.
<b>COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#resolve_dequoted_address">resolve_dequoted_address</a> (yes)</b>
Resolve a recipient address safely instead of correctly, by
looking inside quotes.
Available with Postfix version 2.1 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#resolve_null_domain">resolve_null_domain</a> (no)</b>
Resolve an address that ends in the "@" null domain as if the
local hostname were specified, instead of rejecting the address
as invalid.
Available with Postfix version 2.3 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#resolve_numeric_domain">resolve_numeric_domain</a> (no)</b>
Resolve "user@ipaddress" as "user@[ipaddress]", instead of
rejecting the address as invalid.
Available with Postfix version 2.5 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_min_user">allow_min_user</a> (no)</b>
Allow a sender or recipient address to have `-' as the first
character.
<b>ADDRESS REWRITING CONTROLS</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#myhostname">myhostname</a>)</b>
The domain name that locally-posted mail appears to come from,
and that locally posted mail is delivered to.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_percent_hack">allow_percent_hack</a> (yes)</b>
Enable the rewriting of the form "user%domain" to "user@domain".
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#append_at_myorigin">append_at_myorigin</a> (yes)</b>
With locally submitted mail, append the string "@$<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a>" to
mail addresses without domain information.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#append_dot_mydomain">append_dot_mydomain</a> (Postfix</b> ><b>= 3.0: no, Postfix</b> < <b>3.0: yes)</b>
With locally submitted mail, append the string ".$<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>" to
addresses that have no ".domain" information.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a> (empty)</b>
The set of characters that can separate a user name from its
extension (example: user+foo), or a .forward file name from its
extension (example: .forward+foo).
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#swap_bangpath">swap_bangpath</a> (yes)</b>
Enable the rewriting of "site!user" into "user@site".
Available in Postfix 2.2 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#remote_header_rewrite_domain">remote_header_rewrite_domain</a> (empty)</b>
Don't rewrite message headers from remote clients at all when
this parameter is empty; otherwise, rewrite message headers and
append the specified domain name to incomplete addresses.
<b>ROUTING CONTROLS</b>
The following is applicable to Postfix version 2.0 and later. Earlier
versions do not have support for: <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a>, <a href="postconf.5.html#relay_transport">relay_transport</a>,
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a>, <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> or <a href="postconf.5.html#proxy_interfaces">proxy_interfaces</a>.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#local_transport">local_transport</a> (<a href="local.8.html">local</a>:$<a href="postconf.5.html#myhostname">myhostname</a>)</b>
The default mail delivery transport and next-hop destination for
final delivery to domains listed with <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>, and for
[ipaddress] destinations that match $<a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a> or
$<a href="postconf.5.html#proxy_interfaces">proxy_interfaces</a>.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> (virtual)</b>
The default mail delivery transport and next-hop destination for
final delivery to domains listed with $<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a>.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#relay_transport">relay_transport</a> (relay)</b>
The default mail delivery transport and next-hop destination for
remote delivery to domains listed with $<a href="postconf.5.html#relay_domains">relay_domains</a>.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport">default_transport</a> (smtp)</b>
The default mail delivery transport and next-hop destination for
destinations that do not match $<a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a>,
$<a href="postconf.5.html#proxy_interfaces">proxy_interfaces</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mail</a>-
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">box_domains</a>, or $<a href="postconf.5.html#relay_domains">relay_domains</a>.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#parent_domain_matches_subdomains">parent_domain_matches_subdomains</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
A list of Postfix features where the pattern "example.com" also
matches subdomains of example.com, instead of requiring an
explicit ".example.com" pattern.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#relayhost">relayhost</a> (empty)</b>
The next-hop destination of non-local mail; overrides non-local
domains in recipient addresses.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">transport_maps</a> (empty)</b>
Optional lookup tables with mappings from recipient address to
(message delivery transport, next-hop destination).
Available in Postfix version 2.3 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_relayhost_maps">sender_dependent_relayhost_maps</a> (empty)</b>
A sender-dependent override for the global <a href="postconf.5.html#relayhost">relayhost</a> parameter
setting.
Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#empty_address_relayhost_maps_lookup_key">empty_address_relayhost_maps_lookup_key</a> (</b><><b>)</b>
The <a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_relayhost_maps">sender_dependent_relayhost_maps</a> search string that will be
used instead of the null sender address.
Available in Postfix version 2.7 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#empty_address_default_transport_maps_lookup_key">empty_address_default_transport_maps_lookup_key</a> (</b><><b>)</b>
The <a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_default_transport_maps">sender_dependent_default_transport_maps</a> search string that
will be used instead of the null sender address.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_default_transport_maps">sender_dependent_default_transport_maps</a> (empty)</b>
A sender-dependent override for the global <a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport">default_transport</a>
parameter setting.
<b>ADDRESS VERIFICATION CONTROLS</b>
Postfix version 2.1 introduces sender and recipient address verifica-
tion. This feature is implemented by sending probe email messages that
are not actually delivered. By default, address verification probes
use the same route as regular mail. To override specific aspects of
message routing for address verification probes, specify one or more of
the following:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_local_transport">address_verify_local_transport</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#local_transport">local_transport</a>)</b>
Overrides the <a href="postconf.5.html#local_transport">local_transport</a> parameter setting for address ver-
ification probes.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_virtual_transport">address_verify_virtual_transport</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a>)</b>
Overrides the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> parameter setting for address
verification probes.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_relay_transport">address_verify_relay_transport</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#relay_transport">relay_transport</a>)</b>
Overrides the <a href="postconf.5.html#relay_transport">relay_transport</a> parameter setting for address ver-
ification probes.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_default_transport">address_verify_default_transport</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport">default_transport</a>)</b>
Overrides the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport">default_transport</a> parameter setting for address
verification probes.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_relayhost">address_verify_relayhost</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#relayhost">relayhost</a>)</b>
Overrides the <a href="postconf.5.html#relayhost">relayhost</a> parameter setting for address verifica-
tion probes.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_transport_maps">address_verify_transport_maps</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">transport_maps</a>)</b>
Overrides the <a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">transport_maps</a> parameter setting for address veri-
fication probes.
Available in Postfix version 2.3 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_sender_dependent_relayhost_maps">address_verify_sender_dependent_relayhost_maps</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_relayhost_maps">sender_depen</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_relayhost_maps">dent_relayhost_maps</a>)</b>
Overrides the <a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_relayhost_maps">sender_dependent_relayhost_maps</a> parameter setting
for address verification probes.
Available in Postfix version 2.7 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_sender_dependent_default_transport_maps">address_verify_sender_dependent_default_transport_maps</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_default_transport_maps">sender_depen</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_default_transport_maps">dent_default_transport_maps</a>)</b>
Overrides the <a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_default_transport_maps">sender_dependent_default_transport_maps</a> parameter
setting for address verification probes.
<b>MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con-
figuration files.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_timeout">daemon_timeout</a> (18000s)</b>
How much time a Postfix daemon process may take to handle a
request before it is terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#empty_address_recipient">empty_address_recipient</a> (MAILER-DAEMON)</b>
The recipient of mail addressed to the null address.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#ipc_timeout">ipc_timeout</a> (3600s)</b>
The time limit for sending or receiving information over an
internal communication channel.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#max_idle">max_idle</a> (100s)</b>
The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process
waits for an incoming connection before terminating voluntarily.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#max_use">max_use</a> (100)</b>
The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon
process will service before terminating voluntarily.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#relocated_maps">relocated_maps</a> (empty)</b>
Optional lookup tables with new contact information for users or
domains that no longer exist.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)</b>
The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)</b>
The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#show_user_unknown_table_name">show_user_unknown_table_name</a> (yes)</b>
Display the name of the recipient table in the "User unknown"
responses.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The mail system name that is prepended to the process name in
syslog records, so that "smtpd" becomes, for example, "post-
fix/smtpd".
Available in Postfix version 2.0 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#helpful_warnings">helpful_warnings</a> (yes)</b>
Log warnings about problematic configuration settings, and pro-
vide helpful suggestions.
<b>SEE ALSO</b>
<a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters
<a href="transport.5.html">transport(5)</a>, transport table format
<a href="relocated.5.html">relocated(5)</a>, format of the "user has moved" table
<a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, process manager
syslogd(8), system logging
<b>README FILES</b>
<a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a>, Postfix address classes howto
<a href="ADDRESS_VERIFICATION_README.html">ADDRESS_VERIFICATION_README</a>, Postfix address verification
<b>LICENSE</b>
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
Wietse Venema
Google, Inc.
111 8th Avenue
New York, NY 10011, USA
TRIVIAL-REWRITE(8)
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