/usr/bin/unattended-upgrade is in unattended-upgrades 0.90ubuntu0.10.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o755.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
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# Copyright (c) 2005-2015 Canonical Ltd
#
# AUTHOR:
# Michael Vogt <mvo@ubuntu.com>
#
# This file is part of unattended-upgrades
#
# unattended-upgrades is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
# your option) any later version.
#
# unattended-upgrades is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
# General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with unattended-upgrades; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
#
import copy
import datetime
import errno
import email.charset
import fcntl
import fnmatch
import gettext
import grp
import io
import locale
import logging
import re
import os
import select
import signal
import string
import subprocess
import sys
from email.message import Message
from gettext import gettext as _
from io import StringIO
from optparse import (
OptionParser,
SUPPRESS_HELP,
)
from subprocess import (
Popen,
PIPE,
)
import apt
import apt_inst
import apt_pkg
# the reboot required flag file used by packages
REBOOT_REQUIRED_FILE = "/var/run/reboot-required"
MAIL_BINARY = "/usr/bin/mail"
SENDMAIL_BINARY = "/usr/sbin/sendmail"
USERS = "/usr/bin/users"
# no py3 lsb_release in debian :/
DISTRO_CODENAME = subprocess.check_output(
["lsb_release", "-c", "-s"], universal_newlines=True).strip()
DISTRO_ID = subprocess.check_output(
["lsb_release", "-i", "-s"], universal_newlines=True).strip()
# progress information is written here
PROGRESS_LOG = "/var/run/unattended-upgrades.progress"
PID_FILE = "/var/run/unattended-upgrades.pid"
# set from the sigint signal handler
SIGNAL_STOP_REQUEST = False
class LoggingDateTime:
"""The date/time representation for the dpkg log file timestamps"""
LOG_DATE_TIME_FMT = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
@classmethod
def as_string(cls):
"""Return the current date and time as LOG_DATE_TIME_FMT string"""
return datetime.datetime.now().strftime(cls.LOG_DATE_TIME_FMT)
@classmethod
def from_string(cls, logstr):
"""Take a LOG_DATE_TIME_FMT string and return datetime object"""
return datetime.datetime.strptime(logstr, cls.LOG_DATE_TIME_FMT)
class UnknownMatcherError(ValueError):
pass
class UnattendedUpgradesCache(apt.Cache):
def __init__(self, rootdir, allowed_origins):
apt.Cache.__init__(self, rootdir=rootdir)
self.allowed_origins = allowed_origins
# ensure we update the candidate versions
self.adjust_candidate_versions()
def clear(self):
apt.Cache.clear(self)
# ensure we update the candidate versions
self.adjust_candidate_versions()
def adjust_candidate_versions(self):
""" Adjust candidate versions to match highest allowed origin
This adjusts the origin even if the candidate has a higher
version. This is needed when e.g. a package is available in
the security pocket but there is also a package in the
updates pocket with a higher version number
"""
for pkg in self:
# important! this avoids downgrades below
if not pkg.is_upgradable:
continue
# check if the candidate is already pointing to a allowed
# origin and if so, do not mess with it
if is_allowed_origin(pkg.candidate, self.allowed_origins):
continue
# check if we have a version in a allowed origin that is
# not the candidate
new_cand = None
for ver in pkg.versions:
# ignore versions that the user marked with priority < 100
# (and ensure we have a python-apt that supports this)
if (hasattr(ver, "policy_priority") and
ver.policy_priority < 100):
logging.debug("ignoring ver '%s' with priority < 0" % ver)
continue
if is_allowed_origin(ver, self.allowed_origins):
# leave as soon as we have the highest new candidate
new_cand = ver
break
if new_cand and new_cand != pkg.candidate:
logging.debug("adjusting candidate version: '%s'" % new_cand)
pkg.candidate = new_cand
class LogInstallProgress(apt.progress.base.InstallProgress):
""" Install progress that writes to self.progress_log
(/var/run/unattended-upgrades.progress by default)
"""
def __init__(self, logfile_dpkg, verbose=False,
progress_log="var/run/unattended-upgrades.progress"):
apt.progress.base.InstallProgress.__init__(self)
self.logfile_dpkg = logfile_dpkg
self.progress_log = os.path.join(apt_pkg.config.find_dir("Dir"),
progress_log)
self.verbose = verbose
self.output_logfd = None
def status_change(self, pkg, percent, status):
with open(self.progress_log, "w") as f:
f.write(_("Progress: %s %% (%s)") % (percent, pkg))
def _fixup_fds(self):
required_fds = [0, 1, 2, # stdin, stdout, stderr
self.writefd,
self.write_stream.fileno(),
self.statusfd,
self.status_stream.fileno()
]
# ensure that our required fds close on exec
for fd in required_fds[3:]:
old_flags = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD)
fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFD, old_flags | fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC)
# close all fds
proc_fd = "/proc/self/fd"
if os.path.exists(proc_fd):
error_count = 0
for fdname in os.listdir(proc_fd):
try:
fd = int(fdname)
except Exception as e:
print("ERROR: can not get fd for '%s'" % fdname)
if fd in required_fds:
continue
try:
os.close(fd)
# print("closed: ", fd)
except OSError as e:
# there will be one fd that can not be closed
# as its the fd from pythons internal diropen()
# so its ok to ignore one close error
error_count += 1
if error_count > 1:
print("ERROR: os.close(%s): %s" % (fd, e))
def _redirect_stdin(self):
REDIRECT_INPUT = os.devnull
fd = os.open(REDIRECT_INPUT, os.O_RDWR)
os.dup2(fd, 0)
def _redirect_output(self):
# do not create log in dry-run mode, just output to stdout/stderr
if not apt_pkg.config.find_b("Debug::pkgDPkgPM", False):
logfd = self._get_logfile_dpkg_fd()
os.dup2(logfd, 1)
os.dup2(logfd, 2)
def _get_logfile_dpkg_fd(self):
logfd = os.open(
self.logfile_dpkg, os.O_RDWR | os.O_APPEND | os.O_CREAT, 0o640)
try:
adm_gid = grp.getgrnam("adm").gr_gid
os.fchown(logfd, 0, adm_gid)
except (KeyError, OSError):
pass
return logfd
def update_interface(self):
# call super class first
apt.progress.base.InstallProgress.update_interface(self)
self._do_verbose_output_if_needed()
def _do_verbose_output_if_needed(self):
# if we are in debug mode, nothing to be more verbose about
if apt_pkg.config.find_b("Debug::pkgDPkgPM", False):
return
# handle verbose
if self.verbose:
if self.output_logfd is None:
self.output_logfd = os.open(self.logfile_dpkg, os.O_RDONLY)
os.lseek(self.output_logfd, 0, os.SEEK_END)
try:
select.select([self.output_logfd], [], [], 0)
except select.error as e:
if e.errno != errno.EINTR:
logging.exception("select failed")
# output to stdout in verbose mode only
os.write(1, os.read(self.output_logfd, 1024))
def _log_in_dpkg_log(self, msg):
logfd = self._get_logfile_dpkg_fd()
os.write(logfd, msg.encode("utf-8"))
os.close(logfd)
def finish_update(self):
self._log_in_dpkg_log("Log ended: %s\n\n"
% LoggingDateTime.as_string())
def fork(self):
self._log_in_dpkg_log("Log started: %s\n"
% LoggingDateTime.as_string())
pid = os.fork()
if pid == 0:
self._fixup_fds()
self._redirect_stdin()
self._redirect_output()
return pid
class Unlocked:
"""
Context manager for unlocking the apt lock while cache.commit() is run
"""
def __enter__(self):
try:
apt_pkg.pkgsystem_unlock()
except:
pass
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb):
try:
apt_pkg.pkgsystem_unlock()
except:
pass
def is_dpkg_journal_dirty():
"""
Return True if the dpkg journal is dirty
(similar to debSystem::CheckUpdates)
"""
d = os.path.join(
os.path.dirname(apt_pkg.config.find_file("Dir::State::status")),
"updates")
for f in os.listdir(d):
if re.match("[0-9]+", f):
return True
return False
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
logging.warning("SIGUSR1 received, will stop")
global SIGNAL_STOP_REQUEST
SIGNAL_STOP_REQUEST = True
def substitute(line):
""" substitude known mappings and return a new string
Currently supported ${distro-release}
"""
mapping = {"distro_codename": get_distro_codename(),
"distro_id": get_distro_id()}
return string.Template(line).substitute(mapping)
def get_distro_codename():
return DISTRO_CODENAME
def get_distro_id():
return DISTRO_ID
def get_allowed_origins_legacy():
""" legacy support for old Allowed-Origins var """
allowed_origins = []
for s in apt_pkg.config.value_list("Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins"):
# if there is a ":" use that as seperator, else use spaces
if ":" in s:
(distro_id, distro_codename) = s.split(':')
else:
(distro_id, distro_codename) = s.split()
# escape "," (see LP: #824856) - i wonder if there is a simpler way?
distro_id = re.sub(r'([^\\]),', r'\1\\,', distro_id)
distro_codename = re.sub(r'([^\\]),', r'\1\\,', distro_codename)
# convert to new format
allowed_origins.append("o=%s,a=%s" % (substitute(distro_id),
substitute(distro_codename)))
return allowed_origins
def get_allowed_origins():
""" return a list of allowed origins from apt.conf
This will take substitutions (like distro_id) into account.
"""
allowed_origins = get_allowed_origins_legacy()
for s in apt_pkg.config.value_list("Unattended-Upgrade::Origins-Pattern"):
allowed_origins.append(substitute(s))
return allowed_origins
def match_whitelist_string(whitelist, origin):
"""
take a whitelist string in the form "origin=Debian,label=Debian-Security"
and match against the given python-apt origin. A empty whitelist string
never matches anything.
"""
whitelist = whitelist.strip()
if whitelist == "":
logging.warning("empty match string matches nothing")
return False
res = True
# make "\," the html quote equivalent
whitelist = whitelist.replace("\,", "%2C")
for token in whitelist.split(","):
# strip and unquote the "," back
(what, value) = [s.strip().replace("%2C", ",")
for s in token.split("=")]
# logging.debug("matching '%s'='%s' against '%s'" % (
# what, value, origin))
# support substitution here as well
value = substitute(value)
# first char is apt-cache policy output, send is the name
# in the Release file
if what in ("o", "origin"):
res &= fnmatch.fnmatch(origin.origin, value)
elif what in ("l", "label"):
res &= fnmatch.fnmatch(origin.label, value)
elif what in ("a", "suite", "archive"):
res &= fnmatch.fnmatch(origin.archive, value)
elif what in ("c", "component"):
res &= fnmatch.fnmatch(origin.component, value)
elif what in ("site",):
res &= fnmatch.fnmatch(origin.site, value)
elif what in ("n", "codename",):
res &= fnmatch.fnmatch(origin.codename, value)
else:
raise UnknownMatcherError(
"Unknown whitelist entry for macher '%s' (token '%s')" % (
what, token))
# logging.debug("matching '%s'='%s' against '%s'" % (
# what, value, origin))
return res
def cache_commit(cache, logfile_dpkg, verbose, iprogress=None):
"""Commit the changes from the given cache to the system"""
# set debconf to NON_INTERACTIVE, redirect output
os.putenv("DEBIAN_FRONTEND", "noninteractive")
# only act if there is anything to do (important to avoid writing
# empty log stanzas)
if len(cache.get_changes()) == 0:
return True, None
error = None
res = False
if iprogress is None:
iprogress = LogInstallProgress(logfile_dpkg, verbose)
try:
with Unlocked():
res = cache.commit(install_progress=iprogress)
except SystemError as e:
error = e
if verbose:
logging.exception("Exception happened during upgrade.")
return res, error
def upgrade_normal(cache, logfile_dpkg, verbose):
res, error = cache_commit(cache, logfile_dpkg, verbose)
if res:
logging.info(_("All upgrades installed"))
else:
logging.error(_("Installing the upgrades failed!"))
logging.error(_("error message: '%s'"), error)
logging.error(_("dpkg returned a error! See '%s' for details"),
logfile_dpkg)
return res
def upgrade_in_minimal_steps(cache, pkgs_to_upgrade, blacklist,
whitelist, logfile_dpkg="", verbose=False):
install_log = LogInstallProgress(logfile_dpkg, verbose)
install_log.progress_log += ".minimal-steps"
# setup signal handler
signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, signal_handler)
# double check any changes we do
allowed_origins = get_allowed_origins()
# to upgrade contains the package names
to_upgrade = set(pkgs_to_upgrade)
while True:
# find smallest set
smallest_partition = to_upgrade
for pkgname in to_upgrade:
if SIGNAL_STOP_REQUEST:
logging.warning("SIGNAL received, stopping")
return True
pkg = cache[pkgname]
if pkg.is_upgradable:
pkg.mark_upgrade()
elif not pkg.is_installed:
pkg.mark_install()
else:
continue
# double check that we are not running into side effects like
# what could have been caused LP: #1020680
if not check_changes_for_sanity(cache, allowed_origins, blacklist,
whitelist):
logging.info("While building minimal partition: "
"cache has not allowed changes")
cache.clear()
continue
changes = [p.name for p in cache.get_changes()]
if not changes:
continue
if len(changes) == 1:
logging.debug("found leaf package %s" % pkg.name)
smallest_partition = changes
break
if len(changes) < len(smallest_partition):
logging.debug("found partition of size %s (%s)" % (
len(changes), changes))
smallest_partition = changes
cache.clear()
# write progress log information
if len(pkgs_to_upgrade) > 0:
percent = ((len(pkgs_to_upgrade) - len(to_upgrade)) /
float(len(pkgs_to_upgrade)) * 100.0)
else:
percent = 100.0
install_log.status_change(pkg=",".join(smallest_partition),
percent=percent,
status="")
# apply changes
logging.debug("applying set %s" % smallest_partition)
rewind_cache(cache, [cache[name] for name in smallest_partition])
res, error = cache_commit(cache, logfile_dpkg, verbose, install_log)
if error:
if verbose:
logging.exception("Exception happened during upgrade.")
logging.error(_("Installing the upgrades failed!"))
logging.error(_("error message: '%s'"), error)
logging.error(_("dpkg returned a error! See '%s' for details"),
logfile_dpkg)
return False
to_upgrade = to_upgrade - set(smallest_partition)
logging.debug("left to upgrade %s" % to_upgrade)
if len(to_upgrade) == 0:
logging.info(_("All upgrades installed"))
break
return True
def is_allowed_origin(ver, allowed_origins):
if not ver:
return False
for origin in ver.origins:
for allowed in allowed_origins:
if match_whitelist_string(allowed, origin):
return True
return False
def is_pkgname_in_blacklist(pkgname, blacklist):
for blacklist_regexp in blacklist:
if re.match(blacklist_regexp, pkgname):
logging.debug("skipping blacklisted package '%s'" % pkgname)
return True
return False
def is_pkgname_in_whitelist(pkgname, whitelist):
# a empty whitelist means the user does not want to use this feature
if not whitelist:
return True
for whitelist_regexp in whitelist:
if re.match(whitelist_regexp, pkgname):
logging.debug("only upgrading the following package '%s'" %
pkgname)
return True
return False
def check_changes_for_sanity(cache, allowed_origins, blacklist, whitelist):
if cache._depcache.broken_count != 0:
return False
for pkg in cache:
if pkg.marked_delete:
logging.debug("pkg '%s' now marked delete" % pkg.name)
return False
if pkg.marked_install or pkg.marked_upgrade:
# apt will never fallback from a trusted to a untrusted
# origin so its good enough if we have a single trusted one
if not any([o.trusted for o in pkg.candidate.origins]):
logging.debug("pkg '%s' is untrusted" % pkg.name)
return False
if not is_allowed_origin(pkg.candidate, allowed_origins):
logging.debug("pkg '%s' not in allowed origin" % pkg.name)
return False
if is_pkgname_in_blacklist(pkg.name, blacklist):
logging.debug("pkg '%s' package has been blacklisted" %
pkg.name)
return False
# a strict whitelist will not allow any changes not in the
# whitelist, most people will want the relaxed whitelist
# that whitelists a package but pulls in the package
# dependencies
strict_whitelist = apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Whitelist-Strict", False)
if (strict_whitelist and
not is_pkgname_in_whitelist(pkg.name, whitelist)):
logging.debug("pkg '%s' package is not whitelisted" %
pkg.name)
return False
if pkg._pkg.selected_state == apt_pkg.SELSTATE_HOLD:
logging.debug("pkg '%s' is on hold" % pkg.name)
return False
# check if the package is unsafe to upgrade unattended
ignore_require_restart = apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::IgnoreAppsRequireRestart", False)
upgrade_requires = pkg.candidate.record.get("Upgrade-Requires")
if (pkg.marked_upgrade and ignore_require_restart is False and
upgrade_requires == "app-restart"):
logging.debug("pkg '%s' requires app-restart, not safe to "
"upgrade unattended")
return False
return True
def pkgname_from_deb(debfile):
# FIXME: add error checking here
try:
control = apt_inst.DebFile(debfile).control.extractdata("control")
sections = apt_pkg.TagSection(control)
return sections["Package"]
except (IOError, SystemError) as e:
logging.error("failed to read deb file '%s' (%s)" % (debfile, e))
# dumb fallback
return debfile.split("_")[0]
def get_md5sum_for_file_in_deb(deb_file, conf_file):
dpkg_cmd = ["dpkg-deb", "--fsys-tarfile", deb_file]
tar_cmd = ["tar", "-x", "-O", "-f", "-", "." + conf_file]
md5_cmd = ["md5sum"]
dpkg_p = Popen(dpkg_cmd, stdout=PIPE)
tar_p = Popen(tar_cmd, stdin=dpkg_p.stdout, stdout=PIPE,
universal_newlines=True)
md5_p = Popen(md5_cmd, stdin=tar_p.stdout, stdout=PIPE,
universal_newlines=True)
pkg_md5sum = md5_p.communicate()[0].split()[0]
return pkg_md5sum
# prefix is *only* needed for the build-in tests
def conffile_prompt(destFile, prefix=""):
logging.debug("check_conffile_prompt('%s')" % destFile)
pkgname = pkgname_from_deb(destFile)
# get the conffiles for the /var/lib/dpkg/status file
status_file = apt_pkg.config.find("Dir::State::status")
tagfile = apt_pkg.TagFile(open(status_file, "r"))
conffiles = ""
for section in tagfile:
if section.get("Package") == pkgname:
logging.debug("found pkg: %s" % pkgname)
if "Conffiles" in section:
conffiles = section.get("Conffiles")
break
# get conffile value from pkg, its ok if the new version
# does not have conffiles anymore
pkg_conffiles = ""
deb = apt_inst.DebFile(destFile)
try:
pkg_conffiles = deb.control.extractdata("conffiles").strip().decode(
"utf-8")
except LookupError as e:
logging.debug("No conffiles in deb '%s' (%s)" % (destFile, e))
# Conffiles:
# /etc/bash_completion.d/m-a c7780fab6b14d75ca54e11e992a6c11c
dpkg_status_conffiles = {}
for line in conffiles.splitlines():
# ignore empty lines
line = line.strip()
if not line:
continue
# show what we do
logging.debug("conffile line: '%s'", line)
l = line.split()
conf_file = l[0]
md5 = l[1]
if len(l) > 2:
obs = l[2]
else:
obs = None
# ignore if conffile is obsolete
if obs == "obsolete":
continue
# ignore state "newconffile" until its clearer if there
# might be a dpkg prompt (LP: #936870)
if md5 == "newconffile":
continue
if not pkg_conffiles or conf_file not in pkg_conffiles.split("\n"):
logging.debug("'%s' not in package conffiles '%s'" % (
conf_file, pkg_conffiles))
continue
# record for later
dpkg_status_conffiles[conf_file] = md5
# test against the installed file, if the local file got deleted
# by the admin thats ok but it may still trigger a conffile prompt
# (see debian #788049)
current_md5 = ""
if os.path.exists(prefix + conf_file):
with open(prefix + conf_file, 'rb') as fb:
current_md5 = apt_pkg.md5sum(fb)
logging.debug("current md5: %s" % current_md5)
# hashes are the same, no conffile prompt
if current_md5 == md5:
continue
# calculate md5sum from the deb (may take a bit)
pkg_md5sum = get_md5sum_for_file_in_deb(destFile, conf_file)
logging.debug("pkg_md5sum: %s" % pkg_md5sum)
# the md5sum in the deb is unchanged, this will not
# trigger a conffile prompt
if pkg_md5sum == md5:
continue
# if we made it to this point:
# current_md5 != pkg_md5sum != md5
# and that will trigger a conffile prompt, we can
# stop processing at this point and just return True
return True
# now check if there are conffiles in the pkg that where not there
# in the previous version in the dpkg status file
if pkg_conffiles:
for conf_file in pkg_conffiles.split("\n"):
if (conf_file not in dpkg_status_conffiles and
os.path.exists(prefix + conf_file)):
logging.debug("found conffile '%s' in new pkg but on dpkg "
"status" % conf_file)
pkg_md5sum = get_md5sum_for_file_in_deb(destFile, conf_file)
with open(prefix + conf_file, 'rb') as fp:
if pkg_md5sum != apt_pkg.md5sum(fp):
return True
return False
def dpkg_conffile_prompt():
if "DPkg::Options" not in apt_pkg.config:
return True
options = apt_pkg.config.value_list("DPkg::Options")
for option in options:
option = option.strip()
if option in ["--force-confold", "--force-confnew"]:
return False
return True
def rewind_cache(cache, pkgs_to_upgrade):
""" set the cache back to the state with packages_to_upgrade """
cache.clear()
for pkg2 in pkgs_to_upgrade:
pkg2.mark_install()
if cache.broken_count > 0:
raise AssertionError("rewind_cache created a broken cache")
def host():
return os.uname()[1]
# *sigh* textwrap is nice, but it breaks "linux-image" into two
# seperate lines
def wrap(t, width=70, subsequent_indent=""):
out = ""
for s in t.split():
if (len(out) - out.rfind("\n")) + len(s) > width:
out += "\n" + subsequent_indent
out += s + " "
return out
def setup_apt_listchanges(conf="/etc/apt/listchanges.conf"):
""" deal with apt-listchanges """
# apt-listchanges will always send a mail if there is a mail address
# set in the config regardless of the frontend used, so set it to
# mail if we have a sendmail and to none if not (as it appears to
# not check if sendmail is there or not), debian bug #579733
if os.path.exists(SENDMAIL_BINARY):
os.environ["APT_LISTCHANGES_FRONTEND"] = "mail"
else:
os.environ["APT_LISTCHANGES_FRONTEND"] = "none"
def _send_mail_using_mailx(from_address, to_address, subject, body):
# ensure that the body is a byte stream and that we do not
# break on encoding errors (the default error mode is "strict")
encoded_body = body.encode(
locale.getpreferredencoding(False), errors="replace")
# we use a binary pipe to stdin to ensure we do not break on
# unicode encoding errors (e.g. because the user is running a
# ascii only system like the buildds)
mail = subprocess.Popen(
[MAIL_BINARY, "-r", from_address, "-s", subject, to_address],
stdin=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=False)
mail.stdin.write(encoded_body)
mail.stdin.close()
ret = mail.wait()
return ret
def _send_mail_using_sendmail(from_address, to_address, subject, body):
# format as a proper mail
msg = Message()
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = from_address
msg['To'] = to_address
# order is important here, Message() first, then Charset()
# then msg.set_charset()
charset = email.charset.Charset("utf-8")
charset.body_encoding = email.charset.QP
msg.set_payload(body, charset)
# and send it away
sendmail = subprocess.Popen(
[SENDMAIL_BINARY, "-oi", "-t"],
stdin=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
sendmail.stdin.write(msg.as_string())
sendmail.stdin.close()
ret = sendmail.wait()
return ret
def send_summary_mail(pkgs, res, pkgs_kept_back, mem_log, dpkg_log_content):
""" send mail (if configured in Unattended-Upgrade::Mail) """
to_email = apt_pkg.config.find("Unattended-Upgrade::Mail", "")
if not to_email:
return
if not os.path.exists(MAIL_BINARY) and not os.path.exists(SENDMAIL_BINARY):
logging.error(_("No '/usr/bin/mail' or '/usr/sbin/sendmail',"
"can not send mail. "
"You probably want to install the 'mailx' package."))
return
# if the operation was successful and the user has requested to get
# mails on on errors, just exit here
if (res and
# see Debian Bug #703621
not re.search("^WARNING:", mem_log.getvalue(), re.MULTILINE) and
apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::MailOnlyOnError", False)):
return
# Check if reboot-required flag is present
reboot_flag_str = _(
"[reboot required]") if os.path.isfile(REBOOT_REQUIRED_FILE) else ""
# Check if packages are kept on hold
hold_flag_str = _("[package on hold]") if pkgs_kept_back else ""
logging.debug("Sending mail to '%s'" % to_email)
subject = _(
"{hold_flag}{reboot_flag} unattended-upgrades result for "
"'{machine}': {result}").format(
hold_flag=hold_flag_str, reboot_flag=reboot_flag_str,
machine=host(), result=res).strip()
body = _("Unattended upgrade returned: %s\n\n") % res
if os.path.isfile(REBOOT_REQUIRED_FILE):
body += _(
"Warning: A reboot is required to complete this upgrade.\n\n")
if res:
body += _("Packages that were upgraded:\n")
else:
body += _("Packages that attempted to upgrade:\n")
body += " " + wrap(pkgs, 70, " ")
body += "\n"
if pkgs_kept_back:
body += _("Packages with upgradable origin but kept back:\n")
body += " " + wrap(" ".join(pkgs_kept_back), 70, " ")
body += "\n"
body += "\n"
if dpkg_log_content:
body += _("Package installation log:") + "\n"
body += dpkg_log_content
body += "\n\n"
body += _("Unattended-upgrades log:\n")
body += mem_log.getvalue()
from_email = apt_pkg.config.find("Unattended-Upgrade::Sender", "root")
if os.path.exists(SENDMAIL_BINARY):
ret = _send_mail_using_sendmail(from_email, to_email, subject, body)
elif os.path.exists(MAIL_BINARY):
ret = _send_mail_using_mailx(from_email, to_email, subject, body)
else:
raise AssertionError(
"This should never be reached, if we are here we either "
"have sendmail or mailx. Please report this as a bug.")
logging.debug("mail returned: %s", ret)
def do_install(cache, pkgs_to_upgrade, blacklisted_pkgs, whitelisted_pkgs,
options, logfile_dpkg):
# set debconf to NON_INTERACTIVE, redirect output
os.putenv("DEBIAN_FRONTEND", "noninteractive")
setup_apt_listchanges()
logging.info(_("Writing dpkg log to '%s'"), logfile_dpkg)
marked_delete = [pkg for pkg in cache.get_changes() if pkg.marked_delete]
if marked_delete:
raise AssertionError(
"Internal error. The following packages are marked for "
"removal:%s" % "".join([pkg.name for pkg in marked_delete]))
pkg_install_success = False
try:
if (options.minimal_upgrade_steps or
# COMPAT with the mispelling
apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrades::MinimalSteps", False) or
apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::MinimalSteps", False)):
pidf = os.path.join(apt_pkg.config.find_dir("Dir"),
"var", "run", "unattended-upgrades.pid")
with open(pidf, "w") as fp:
fp.write("%s" % os.getpid())
# try upgrade all "pkgs" in minimal steps
pkg_install_success = upgrade_in_minimal_steps(
cache, [pkg.name for pkg in pkgs_to_upgrade],
blacklisted_pkgs, whitelisted_pkgs, logfile_dpkg,
options.verbose or options.debug)
else:
pkg_install_success = upgrade_normal(
cache, logfile_dpkg, options.verbose or options.debug)
except Exception as e:
# print unhandled exceptions here this way, while stderr is redirected
os.write(2, ("Exception: %s\n" % e).encode('utf-8'))
pkg_install_success = False
return pkg_install_success
def _setup_alternative_rootdir(rootdir):
# clear system unattended-upgrade stuff
apt_pkg.config.clear("Unattended-Upgrade")
# read rootdir (taken from apt.Cache, but we need to run it
# here before the cache gets initialized
if os.path.exists(rootdir + "/etc/apt/apt.conf"):
apt_pkg.read_config_file(apt_pkg.config,
rootdir + "/etc/apt/apt.conf")
if os.path.isdir(rootdir + "/etc/apt/apt.conf.d"):
apt_pkg.read_config_dir(apt_pkg.config,
rootdir + "/etc/apt/apt.conf.d")
logdir = os.path.join(rootdir, "var", "log", "unattended-upgrades")
if not os.path.exists(logdir):
os.makedirs(logdir)
apt.apt_pkg.config.set("Unattended-Upgrade::LogDir", logdir)
def _get_logdir():
logdir = apt_pkg.config.find_dir(
"Unattended-Upgrade::LogDir",
# COMPAT only
apt_pkg.config.find_dir("APT::UnattendedUpgrades::LogDir",
"/var/log/unattended-upgrades/"))
return logdir
def _setup_logging(options):
# ensure this is run only once
if len(logging.root.handlers) > 0:
return
# init the logging
logdir = _get_logdir()
logfile = os.path.join(
logdir,
apt_pkg.config.find(
"Unattended-Upgrade::LogFile",
# COMPAT only
apt_pkg.config.find("APT::UnattendedUpgrades::LogFile",
"unattended-upgrades.log")))
if not options.dry_run and not os.path.exists(logdir):
os.makedirs(logdir)
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s',
filename=logfile)
# additional logging
logger = logging.getLogger()
mem_log = StringIO()
if options.apt_debug:
apt_pkg.config.set("Debug::pkgProblemResolver", "1")
apt_pkg.config.set("Debug::pkgDepCache::AutoInstall", "1")
if options.debug:
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
stdout_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
logger.addHandler(stdout_handler)
elif options.verbose:
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
stdout_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
logger.addHandler(stdout_handler)
if apt_pkg.config.find("Unattended-Upgrade::Mail", ""):
mem_log_handler = logging.StreamHandler(mem_log)
logger.addHandler(mem_log_handler)
return mem_log
def get_blacklisted_pkgs():
return apt_pkg.config.value_list("Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Blacklist")
def get_whitelisted_pkgs():
return apt_pkg.config.value_list("Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Whitelist")
def logged_in_users():
"""Return a list of logged in users"""
# the "users" command always returns a single line with:
# "user1, user1, user2"
users = subprocess.check_output(
USERS, universal_newlines=True).rstrip('\n')
return set(users.split())
def reboot_if_requested_and_needed(shutdown_lock=0):
"""auto-reboot (if required and the config for this is set)"""
if not os.path.exists(REBOOT_REQUIRED_FILE):
return
if not apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot", False):
return
# see if we need to check for logged in users
if not apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-WithUsers", True):
users = logged_in_users()
if users:
msg = gettext.ngettext(
"Found %s, but not rebooting because %s is logged in." % (
REBOOT_REQUIRED_FILE, users),
"Found %s, but not rebooting because %s are logged in." % (
REBOOT_REQUIRED_FILE, users),
len(users))
logging.warning(msg)
return
# reboot at the specified time
when = apt_pkg.config.find(
"Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-Time", "now")
if shutdown_lock > 0:
os.close(shutdown_lock)
logging.warning("Found %s, rebooting" % REBOOT_REQUIRED_FILE)
subprocess.call(["/sbin/shutdown", "-r", when])
def write_stamp_file():
statedir = os.path.join(apt_pkg.config.find_dir("Dir::State"), "periodic")
if not os.path.exists(statedir):
os.makedirs(statedir)
with open(os.path.join(statedir, "unattended-upgrades-stamp"), "w"):
pass
def try_to_upgrade(pkg, pkgs_to_upgrade, pkgs_kept_back, cache,
allowed_origins, blacklisted_pkgs, whitelisted_pkgs):
try:
pkg.mark_upgrade()
if check_changes_for_sanity(cache, allowed_origins,
blacklisted_pkgs, whitelisted_pkgs):
# add to packages to upgrade
pkgs_to_upgrade.append(pkg)
# re-eval pkgs_kept_back as the resolver may fail to
# directly upgrade a pkg, but that may work during
# a subsequent operation, see debian bug #639840
for pkgname in pkgs_kept_back:
if (cache[pkgname].marked_install or
cache[pkgname].marked_upgrade):
pkgs_kept_back.remove(pkgname)
pkgs_to_upgrade.append(cache[pkgname])
else:
logging.debug("sanity check failed")
rewind_cache(cache, pkgs_to_upgrade)
pkgs_kept_back.append(pkg.name)
except SystemError as e:
# can't upgrade
logging.warning(
_("package '%s' upgradable but fails to "
"be marked for upgrade (%s)"), pkg.name, e)
rewind_cache(cache, pkgs_to_upgrade)
pkgs_kept_back.append(pkg.name)
def calculate_upgradable_pkgs(cache, options, allowed_origins,
blacklisted_pkgs, whitelisted_pkgs):
pkgs_to_upgrade = []
pkgs_kept_back = []
# now do the actual upgrade
for pkg in cache:
if options.debug and pkg.is_upgradable:
logging.debug("Checking: %s (%s)" % (
pkg.name, getattr(pkg.candidate, "origins", [])))
if (pkg.is_upgradable and
not is_pkgname_in_blacklist(pkg.name, blacklisted_pkgs) and
is_pkgname_in_whitelist(pkg.name, whitelisted_pkgs) and
is_allowed_origin(pkg.candidate, allowed_origins)):
try_to_upgrade(pkg,
pkgs_to_upgrade,
pkgs_kept_back,
cache,
allowed_origins,
blacklisted_pkgs,
whitelisted_pkgs)
return pkgs_to_upgrade, pkgs_kept_back
def get_dpkg_log_content(logfile_dpkg, install_start_time):
logging.debug("Extracting content from '%s' since '%s'" % (
logfile_dpkg, install_start_time))
content = []
found_start = False
with io.open(logfile_dpkg, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
# read until we find the last "Log started: "
for line in fp.readlines():
# scan for the first entry we need (minimal-step mode
# creates a new stanza for each individual install)
if not found_start and line.startswith("Log started: "):
stanza_start = LoggingDateTime.from_string(
line[len("Log started: "):-1])
if stanza_start >= install_start_time:
found_start = True
if found_start:
content.append(line)
return "".join(content)
def get_auto_removable(cache):
return set([pkg.name for pkg in cache
if pkg.is_auto_removable])
def do_auto_remove(cache, auto_removable, logfile_dpkg,
verbose=False, dry_run=False):
if not auto_removable:
return True
for pkgname in auto_removable:
if not dry_run:
logging.debug("marking %s for remove" % pkgname)
cache[pkgname].mark_delete()
logging.info(_("Packages that are auto removed: '%s'"),
" ".join(sorted(auto_removable)))
# do it
res, error = cache_commit(cache, logfile_dpkg, verbose)
if res:
logging.info(_("Packages were successfully auto-removed"))
else:
logging.error(_("Auto-removing the packages failed!"))
logging.error(_("Error message: '%s'"), error)
logging.error(_("dpkg returned an error! See '%s' for details"),
logfile_dpkg)
return res
def clean_downloaded_packages(fetcher):
archivedir = os.path.dirname(
apt_pkg.config.find_dir("Dir::Cache::archives"))
for item in fetcher.items:
if os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(item.destfile)) == archivedir:
try:
os.unlink(item.destfile)
except OSError:
pass
def main(options, rootdir=""):
# useful for testing
if rootdir:
_setup_alternative_rootdir(rootdir)
# setup logging
mem_log = _setup_logging(options)
# format (origin, archive), e.g. ("Ubuntu","dapper-security")
allowed_origins = get_allowed_origins()
# pkgs that are (for some reason) not safe to install
blacklisted_pkgs = get_blacklisted_pkgs()
logging.info(_("Initial blacklisted packages: %s"),
" ".join(blacklisted_pkgs))
# install only these packages regardless of other upgrades available
whitelisted_pkgs = get_whitelisted_pkgs()
logging.info(_("Initial whitelisted packages: %s"),
" ".join(whitelisted_pkgs))
logging.info(_("Starting unattended upgrades script"))
# display available origin
logging.info(_("Allowed origins are: %s"), allowed_origins)
# see debian #776752
install_start_time = datetime.datetime.now().replace(microsecond=0)
# check if the journal is dirty and if so, take emergceny action
# the alternative is to leave the system potentially unsecure until
# the user comes in and fixes
if (is_dpkg_journal_dirty() and
apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::AutoFixInterruptedDpkg", True)):
# ensure the dpkg database is not already locked (LP: #754330)
admindir = os.path.dirname(apt_pkg.config.find("Dir::State::Status"))
lockfd = apt_pkg.get_lock(os.path.join(admindir, "lock"), False)
if lockfd > 0:
logging.warning(
_("Unclean dpkg state detected, trying to correct"))
print(_("Unclean dpkg state detected, trying to correct"))
env = copy.copy(os.environ)
env["DEBIAN_FRONTEND"] = "noninteractive"
try:
os.close(lockfd)
output = subprocess.check_output(
["dpkg", "--force-confold", "--configure", "-a"],
env=env,
universal_newlines=True)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
output = e.output
logging.warning(_("dpkg --configure -a output:\n%s"), output)
else:
logging.debug("Unclean dpkg state, but locked, another package "
"manager working?")
# check and get lock
try:
apt_pkg.pkgsystem_lock()
except SystemError as e:
logging.error(_("Lock could not be acquired (another package "
"manager running?)"))
print(_("Cache lock can not be acquired, exiting"))
sys.exit(1)
# get a cache
cache = UnattendedUpgradesCache(rootdir=rootdir,
allowed_origins=allowed_origins)
if cache._depcache.broken_count > 0:
print(_("Cache has broken packages, exiting"))
logging.error(_("Cache has broken packages, exiting"))
sys.exit(1)
# FIXME: make this into a ContextManager
# be nice when calculating the upgrade as its pretty CPU intensive
old_priority = os.nice(0)
try:
# Check that we will be able to restore the priority
os.nice(-1)
os.nice(20)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno in (errno.EPERM, errno.EACCES):
pass
else:
raise
# speed things up with latest apt
actiongroup = apt_pkg.ActionGroup(cache._depcache)
actiongroup # pyflakes
# find out about the packages that are upgradable (in a allowed_origin)
pkgs_to_upgrade, pkgs_kept_back = calculate_upgradable_pkgs(
cache, options, allowed_origins, blacklisted_pkgs, whitelisted_pkgs)
pkgs_to_upgrade.sort(key=lambda p: p.name)
pkgs = "\n".join([pkg.name for pkg in pkgs_to_upgrade])
logging.debug("pkgs that look like they should be upgraded: %s" % pkgs)
# FIXME: make this into a ContextManager
# stop being nice
os.nice(old_priority - os.nice(0))
# download what looks good
if options.debug:
fetcher = apt_pkg.Acquire(apt.progress.text.AcquireProgress())
else:
fetcher = apt_pkg.Acquire()
list = apt_pkg.SourceList()
list.read_main_list()
recs = cache._records
pm = apt_pkg.PackageManager(cache._depcache)
try:
pm.get_archives(fetcher, list, recs)
except SystemError as e:
logging.error(_("GetArchives() failed: '%s'"), e)
res = fetcher.run()
logging.debug("fetch.run() result: %s", res)
if options.download_only:
return
if dpkg_conffile_prompt():
# now check the downloaded debs for conffile conflicts and build
# a blacklist
for item in fetcher.items:
logging.debug("%s" % item)
if item.status == item.STAT_ERROR:
print(_("An error occurred: '%s'") % item.error_text)
logging.error(_("An error occurred: '%s'"), item.error_text)
if not item.complete:
print(_("The URI '%s' failed to download, aborting") %
item.desc_uri)
logging.error(_("The URI '%s' failed to download, aborting"),
item.desc_uri)
sys.exit(1)
if not os.path.exists(item.destfile):
print(_("Download finished, but file '%s' not there?!?") %
item.destfile)
logging.error("Download finished, but file '%s' not "
"there?!?", item.destfile)
sys.exit(1)
if not item.is_trusted:
blacklisted_pkgs.append(pkgname_from_deb(item.destfile))
if conffile_prompt(item.destfile):
# skip package (means to re-run the whole marking again
# and making sure that the package will not be pulled in by
# some other package again!)
#
# print to stdout to ensure that this message is part of
# the cron mail (only if no summary mail is requested)
email = apt_pkg.config.find("Unattended-Upgrade::Mail", "")
if not email:
print(_("Package '%s' has conffile prompt and needs "
"to be upgraded manually") %
pkgname_from_deb(item.destfile))
# log to the logfile
logging.warning(_("Package '%s' has conffile prompt and "
"needs to be upgraded manually"),
pkgname_from_deb(item.destfile))
blacklisted_pkgs.append(pkgname_from_deb(item.destfile))
pkgs_kept_back.append(pkgname_from_deb(item.destfile))
# redo the selection about the packages to upgrade based on the new
# blacklist
logging.debug("blacklist: %s" % blacklisted_pkgs)
# whitelist
logging.debug("whitelist: %s" % whitelisted_pkgs)
# find out about the packages that are upgradable (in a allowed_origin)
if len(blacklisted_pkgs) > 0 or len(whitelisted_pkgs) > 0:
cache.clear()
old_pkgs_to_upgrade = pkgs_to_upgrade[:]
pkgs_to_upgrade = []
for pkg in old_pkgs_to_upgrade:
logging.debug("Checking the black and whitelist: %s" %
(pkg.name))
pkg.mark_upgrade()
if check_changes_for_sanity(cache,
allowed_origins,
blacklisted_pkgs,
whitelisted_pkgs):
pkgs_to_upgrade.append(pkg)
else:
if not (pkg.name in pkgs_kept_back):
pkgs_kept_back.append(pkg.name)
logging.info(_("package '%s' not upgraded"), pkg.name)
cache.clear()
for pkg2 in pkgs_to_upgrade:
pkg2.mark_upgrade()
else:
logging.debug("dpkg is configured not to cause conffile prompts")
# auto-removal
previous_autoremovals = get_auto_removable(cache)
if apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies", False):
pending_autoremovals = previous_autoremovals
else:
pending_autoremovals = []
# exit if there is nothing to do and nothing to report
if (len(pending_autoremovals) == 0 and
len(pkgs_to_upgrade) == 0 and
len(pkgs_kept_back) == 0):
logging.info(_("No packages found that can be upgraded unattended "
"and no pending auto-removals"))
# FIXME: DRY violation, write_stamp_file() is used below as well
write_stamp_file()
# check if we couldn't reboot on previous run because
# a user was logged-in at this time
# never reboot during a dry run
if not options.dry_run:
reboot_if_requested_and_needed()
return
# check if its configured for install on shutdown, if so, the
# environment UNATTENDED_UPGRADES_FORCE_INSTALL_ON_SHUTDOWN will
# be set by the unatteded-upgrades-shutdown script
if ("UNATTENDED_UPGRADES_FORCE_INSTALL_ON_SHUTDOWN" not in os.environ and
apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::InstallOnShutdown", False)):
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.debug("Configured to install on shutdown, so exiting now")
return
# check if we are in dry-run mode
if options.dry_run:
logging.info("Option --dry-run given, *not* performing real actions")
apt_pkg.config.set("Debug::pkgDPkgPM", "1")
# do the install based on the new list of pkgs
pkgs = " ".join([pkg.name for pkg in pkgs_to_upgrade])
logging.info(_("Packages that will be upgraded: %s"), pkgs)
# get log
logfile_dpkg = os.path.join(_get_logdir(), 'unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log')
if not os.path.exists(logfile_dpkg):
with open(logfile_dpkg, 'w'):
pass
# only perform install step if we actually have packages to install
pkg_install_success = True
shutdown_lock = -1
if len(pkgs_to_upgrade) > 0:
# lock for the shutdown check - its fine if the system
# is shutdown while downloading but not so much while installing
shutdown_lock = apt_pkg.get_lock("/var/run/unattended-upgrades.lock")
# do install
pkg_install_success = do_install(cache,
pkgs_to_upgrade,
blacklisted_pkgs,
whitelisted_pkgs,
options,
logfile_dpkg)
# now check if any auto-removing needs to be done
cache = UnattendedUpgradesCache(
rootdir=rootdir, allowed_origins=allowed_origins)
if cache._depcache.broken_count > 0:
print(_("Cache has broken packages, exiting"))
logging.error(_("Cache has broken packages, exiting"))
sys.exit(1)
# the user wants *all* auto-removals to be removed
if apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies", False):
auto_removals = get_auto_removable(cache)
pkg_install_success &= do_auto_remove(
cache, auto_removals, logfile_dpkg,
options.verbose or options.debug,
options.dry_run)
# the user wants *only new* auto-removals to be removed
elif apt_pkg.config.find_b(
"Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-New-Unused-Dependencies", True):
# calculate the new auto-removals
new_pending_autoremovals = get_auto_removable(cache)
auto_removals = new_pending_autoremovals - previous_autoremovals
pkg_install_success &= do_auto_remove(
cache, auto_removals, logfile_dpkg,
options.verbose or options.debug,
options.dry_run)
logging.debug("InstCount=%i DelCount=%i BrokenCount=%i"
% (cache._depcache.inst_count,
cache._depcache.del_count,
cache._depcache.broken_count))
# send a mail (if needed)
if not options.dry_run:
log_content = get_dpkg_log_content(logfile_dpkg, install_start_time)
send_summary_mail(
pkgs, pkg_install_success, pkgs_kept_back, mem_log, log_content)
# clean after success install (if needed)
keep_key = "Unattended-Upgrade::Keep-Debs-After-Install"
if (not apt_pkg.config.find_b(keep_key, False) and
not options.dry_run and
pkg_install_success):
clean_downloaded_packages(fetcher)
# FIXME: DRY violation, write_stamp_file() is used above as well
# write timestamp file
write_stamp_file()
# check if the user wants a reboot
if not options.dry_run:
reboot_if_requested_and_needed(shutdown_lock)
if __name__ == "__main__":
localesApp = "unattended-upgrades"
localesDir = "/usr/share/locale"
gettext.bindtextdomain(localesApp, localesDir)
gettext.textdomain(localesApp)
# this ensures the commandline is logged in /var/log/apt/history.log
apt_pkg.config.set("Commandline::AsString", " ".join(sys.argv))
# init the options
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-d", "--debug",
action="store_true", default=False,
help=_("print debug messages"))
parser.add_option("", "--apt-debug",
action="store_true", default=False,
help=_("make apt/libapt print verbose debug messages"))
parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose",
action="store_true", default=False,
help=_("print info messages"))
parser.add_option("", "--dry-run",
action="store_true", default=False,
help=_("Simulation, download but do not install"))
parser.add_option("", "--download-only",
action="store_true", default=False,
help=_("Only download, do not even try to install."))
parser.add_option("", "--minimal-upgrade-steps",
action="store_true", default=False,
help=_("Upgrade in minimal steps (and allow "
"interrupting with SIGINT"))
parser.add_option("", "--minimal_upgrade_steps",
action="store_true",
help=SUPPRESS_HELP,
default=False)
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
if os.getuid() != 0:
print(_("You need to be root to run this application"))
sys.exit(1)
# ensure that we are not killed when the terminal goes away e.g. on
# shutdown
signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, signal.SIG_IGN)
# run the main code
main(options)
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