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lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="element_classes.html#background-on-element-proxies">Background on Element proxies</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="element_classes.html#element-initialization">Element initialization</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="element_classes.html#setting-up-a-class-lookup-scheme">Setting up a class lookup scheme</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="element_classes.html#generating-xml-with-custom-classes">Generating XML with custom classes</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="element_classes.html#id1">Implementing namespaces</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="sax-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="sax.html">Sax support</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="sax.html#building-a-tree-from-sax-events">Building a tree from SAX events</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="sax.html#producing-sax-events-from-an-elementtree-or-element">Producing SAX events from an ElementTree or Element</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="sax.html#interfacing-with-pulldom-minidom">Interfacing with pulldom/minidom</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu current" id="capi-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="capi.html">The public C-API of lxml.etree</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="capi.html#writing-external-modules-in-cython">Writing external modules in Cython</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="capi.html#writing-external-modules-in-c">Writing external modules in C</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><ul id="Developing lxml-section"><li><span class="section title">Developing lxml</span><ul class="menu foreign" id="build-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="build.html">How to build lxml from source</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#cython">Cython</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#github-git-and-hg">Github, git and hg</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#building-the-sources">Building the sources</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#running-the-tests-and-reporting-errors">Running the tests and reporting errors</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#building-an-egg-or-wheel">Building an egg or wheel</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#building-lxml-on-macos-x">Building lxml on MacOS-X</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#static-linking-on-windows">Static linking on Windows</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#building-debian-packages-from-svn-sources">Building Debian packages from SVN sources</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="lxml source howto-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html">How to read the source of lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#what-is-cython">What is Cython?</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#where-to-start">Where to start?</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#lxml-etree">lxml.etree</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#python-modules">Python modules</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#lxml-objectify">lxml.objectify</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#lxml-html">lxml.html</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="changes 3 5 0-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="changes-3.5.0.html">Release Changelog</a></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="credits-menu"><li class="menu title"><a href="credits.html">Credits</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="credits.html#main-contributors">Main contributors</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="credits.html#special-thanks-goes-to">Special thanks goes to:</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="http://lxml.de/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></li></ul></div><h1 class="title">The public C-API of lxml.etree</h1>
<p>As of version 1.1, lxml.etree provides a public C-API. This allows external
C extensions to efficiently access public functions and classes of lxml,
without going through the Python API.</p>
<p>The API is described in the file <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/lxml/lxml/blob/master/src/lxml/include/etreepublic.pxd">etreepublic.pxd</a>, which is directly
c-importable by extension modules implemented in <a class="reference external" href="http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~greg/python/Pyrex/">Pyrex</a> or <a class="reference external" href="http://cython.org">Cython</a>.</p>
<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#writing-external-modules-in-cython" id="id1">Writing external modules in Cython</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#writing-external-modules-in-c" id="id2">Writing external modules in C</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="writing-external-modules-in-cython">
<h1>Writing external modules in Cython</h1>
<p>This is the easiest way of extending lxml at the C level. A <a class="reference external" href="http://cython.org">Cython</a>
(or <a class="reference external" href="http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~greg/python/Pyrex/">Pyrex</a>) module should start like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# My Cython extension
# import the public functions and classes of lxml.etree
cimport etreepublic as cetree
# import the lxml.etree module in Python
cdef object etree
from lxml import etree
# initialize the access to the C-API of lxml.etree
cetree.import_lxml__etree()
</pre>
<p>From this line on, you can access all public functions of lxml.etree
from the <tt class="docutils literal">cetree</tt> namespace like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# build a tag name from namespace and element name
py_tag = cetree.namespacedNameFromNsName("http://some/url", "myelement")
</pre>
<p>Public lxml classes are easily subclassed. For example, to implement
and set a new default element class, you can write Cython code like
the following:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
from etreepublic cimport ElementBase
cdef class NewElementClass(ElementBase):
def set_value(self, myval):
self.set("my_attribute", myval)
etree.set_element_class_lookup(
etree.DefaultElementClassLookup(element=NewElementClass))
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="writing-external-modules-in-c">
<h1>Writing external modules in C</h1>
<p>If you really feel like it, you can also interface with lxml.etree straight
from C code. All you have to do is include the header file for the public
API, import the <tt class="docutils literal">lxml.etree</tt> module and then call the import function:</p>
<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="cm">/* My C extension */</span>
<span class="cm">/* common includes */</span>
<span class="cp">#include "Python.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "stdio.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "string.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "stdarg.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "libxml/xmlversion.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "libxml/encoding.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "libxml/hash.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "libxml/tree.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "libxml/xmlIO.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "libxml/xmlsave.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "libxml/globals.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "libxml/xmlstring.h"</span>
<span class="cm">/* lxml.etree specific includes */</span>
<span class="cp">#include "lxml-version.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "etree_defs.h"</span>
<span class="cp">#include "etree.h"</span>
<span class="cm">/* setup code */</span>
<span class="n">import_lxml__etree</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Note that including <tt class="docutils literal">etree.h</tt> does not automatically include the
header files it requires. Note also that the above list of common
includes may not be sufficient.</p>
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