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<b class="current">Instantiating objects</b>
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<div><h1 id="a0000000037">6.1 Instantiating objects</h1>
<p>A list of all of Pyxplot’s built-in object types can be found in the <tt class="tt">types</tt> module, which contains the <i class="it">object prototypes</i> for each type. Its contents are as follows: </p><p> <tt class="ttfamily">pyxplot> <b class="bfseries">print types</b></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">module {</tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> boolean : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: boolean<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> color : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: color<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> date : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: date<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> dictionary : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: dictionary<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> exception : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: exception<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> fileHandle : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: fileHandle<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> function : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: function<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> instance : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: instance<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> list : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: list<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> matrix : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: matrix<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> module : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: module<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> null : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: null<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> number : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: number<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> string : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: string<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> type : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: type<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> vector : <img src="images/img-0046.png" alt="$<$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" />data type: vector<img src="images/img-0035.png" alt="$>$" style="vertical-align:0px;
width:12px;
height:11px" class="math gen" /></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily"> }</tt> </p><p>These object prototypes can be called like functions to produce an instance of each data type. Each prototype can take various different kinds of argument; for example, the <tt class="tt">number</tt> prototype can take a <tt class="tt">number</tt>, <tt class="tt">boolean</tt> or a <tt class="tt">string</tt> from which to create a number. For example: </p><p> <tt class="ttfamily">pyxplot> <b class="bfseries">types.number()</b></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">0</tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">pyxplot> <b class="bfseries">types.number(true)</b></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">1</tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">pyxplot> <b class="bfseries">types.number(27)</b></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">27</tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">pyxplot> <b class="bfseries">types.number("1.2e39")</b></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">1.2e+39</tt> </p><p>Full documentation of the types of inputs supported by each prototype are listed in the Reference Manual, in Section <a href="sec-functions_types.html">2.11</a>. </p><p>In many cases there are much more succinct ways of creating objects of each type. For example, lists can be creating by enclosing a comma-separated list of elements in square brackets: </p><p> <tt class="ttfamily">pyxplot> <b class="bfseries">print [10,colors.green,"bottles"]</b></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">[10, cmyk(1,0,1,0), "bottles"]</tt> </p><p>Dictionaries can be can be creating by enclosing key–value pairs in curly brackets: </p><p> <tt class="ttfamily">pyxplot> <b class="bfseries">s = {"name":"Sophie", "nationality":"British"}</b></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">pyxplot> <b class="bfseries">s["hometown"] = "Lode"</b></tt><br /><tt class="ttfamily">pyxplot> <b class="bfseries">s["birthYear"] = 1957</b></tt> </p></div>
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