python-pyshp 1.1.4-1 / usr / share / pyshared / pyshp-1.1.4.egg-info / PKG-INFO

Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: pyshp
Version: 1.1.4
Summary: Pure Python read/write support for ESRI Shapefile format
Home-page: http://code.google.com/p/pyshp
Author: Joel Lawhead
Author-email: jlawhead@geospatialpython.com
License: MIT
Description: Python Shapefile Library
        ========================
        :Author: Joel Lawhead <jlawhead@geospatialpython.com>
        :Revised: October 1, 2011
        
        .. contents::
        
        Overview
        --------
        
        The Python Shapefile Library (pyshp) provides read and write support for the ESRI
        Shapefile format. The Shapefile format is a popular Geographic Information
        System vector data format created by Esri.  For more information about this format 
        please read the well-written "ESRI Shapefile Technical Description - July 1998".  
        The Esri document describes the shp and shx file formats.  However a third file
        format called dbf is also required.  This format is documented on the web as the
        "XBase File Format Description" and is a simple file-based database format created
        in the 1960's.  Both the Esri and XBase file-formats are very simple in design and
        memory efficient which is part of the reason the shapefile format remains popular
        despite the numerous ways to store and exchange GIS data available today. 
        
        This documentation covers the Python 2.x-compatible version of the library.  A
        Python 3-compatible version is available in the Subversion trunk of the pyshp 
        project on Google Code.
        
        This document provides examples for using pyshp to read and write shapefiles.  
        
        Currently the sample census blockgroup shapefile referenced in the examples is
        only available on the google code project site at http://code.google.com/p/pyshp.
        These examples are straight-forward and you can also easily run them against your 
        own shapefiles manually with minimal modification. Other examples for specific 
        topics are continually added to the pyshp wiki on google code and the blog
        GeospatialPython.com.
        
        Important: For information about map projections, shapefiles,
        and Python please visit: http://code.google.com/p/pyshp/wiki/MapProjections
        
        I sincerely hope this library eliminates the mundane distraction of simply 
        reading and writing data, and allows you to focus on the challenging and FUN
        part of your project. 
        
        Examples
        --------
        
        Before doing anything you must import the library.
        
        >>> import shapefile
        
        The examples below will use a shapefile created from the U.S. Census Bureau
        Blockgroups data set near San Francisco, CA and available in the subversion 
        repository of the pyshp google code site.
        
        Reading Shapefiles
        ++++++++++++++++++
        
        To read a shapefile create a new "Reader" object and pass it the name of an 
        existing shapefile. The shapefile format is acutally a collection of three
        files. You specify the base filename of the shapefile or the complete filename 
        of any of the shapefile component files.
        
        >>> sf = shapefile.Reader("shapefiles/blockgroups")
        
        
        OR
        
        >>> sf = shapefile.Reader("shapefiles/blockgroups.shp")
        
        
        OR
        
        >>> sf = shapefile.Reader("shapefiles/blockgroups.dbf")
        
        
        OR any of the other 5+ formats which are potentially part of a shapefile. 
        The library does not care
        
        Reading Shapefiles from File-Like Objects
        .........................................
        
        You can also load shapefiles from any Python file-like object using keyword
        arguments to specify any of the three files.  This feature is very powerful
        and allows you to load shapefiles from a url, from a zip file, serialized
        object, or in some cases a database.
        
        >>> myshp = open("shapefiles/blockgroups.shp", "rb")
        >>> mydbf = open("shapefiles/blockgroups.dbf", "rb")
        >>> r = shapefile.Reader(shp=myshp, dbf=mydbf)
        
        Notice in the examples above the shx file is never used.  The shx file is a 
        very simple fixed-record index for the variable length records in the shp file.
        This file is optional for reading.  If it's available pyshp will use the shx file
        to access shape records a little faster but will do just fine without it.
        
        Reading Geometry
        ................
        
        A shapefile's geometry is the collection of points or shapes made from verticies 
        and implied arcs representing physical locations.  All types of shapefiles
        just store points.  The metadata about the points determine how they are handled by
        software.
        
        You can get the a list of the shapefile's geometry by calling the shapes()
        method. 
        
        >>> shapes = sf.shapes()
        
        The shapes method returns a list of Shape objects describing the 
        geometry of each shape record.
        
        >>> len(shapes)
        663
        
        Each shape record contains the following attributes:
        
        >>> for name in dir(shapes[3]):
        ...     if not name.startswith('__'):
        ...         name
        'bbox'
        'parts'
        'points'
        'shapeType'
        
         - shapeType: an integer representing the type of shape as defined by the
           shapefile specification.
        
        >>> shapes[3].shapeType
        5
        
         - bbox: If the shape type contains multiple points this tuple describes the 
           upper left (x,y) coordinate and lower right corner coordinate creating a 
           complete box around the points. If the shapeType is a Null 
           (shapeType == 0) then an AttributeError is raised.
         
        >>> # Get the bounding box of the 4th shape.
        >>> # Round coordinates to 3 decimal places
        >>> bbox = shapes[3].bbox 
        >>> ['%.3f' % coord for coord in bbox]
        ['-122.486', '37.787', '-122.446', '37.811']
         
         - parts: Parts simply group collections of points into shapes. If the shape record 
           has multiple parts this attribute contains the index of the first point of each part. 
           If there is only one part then a list containing 0 is returned.  
         
        >>> shapes[3].parts
        [0]
          
         - points: The points attribute contains a list of tuples containing an (x,y)
           coordinate for each point in the shape.
         
        >>> len(shapes[3].points)
        173
        >>> # Get the 8th point of the fourth shape
        >>> # Truncate coordinates to 3 decimal places
        >>> shape = shapes[3].points[7]
        >>> ['%.3f' % coord for coord in shape]
        ['-122.471', '37.787']
        
        To read a single shape by calling its index use the shape() method. The index
        is the shape's count from 0. So to read the 8th shape record you would
        use its index which is 7.
        
        >>> s = sf.shape(7)
        
        >>> # Read the bbox of the 8th shape to verify 
        >>> # Round coordinates to 3 decimal places
        >>> ['%.3f' % coord for coord in s.bbox]
        ['-122.450', '37.801', '-122.442', '37.808']
        
        Reading Records
        ................
        
        A record in a shapefile contains the attributes for each shape in the 
        collection of geometry. Records are stored in the dbf file. The link
        between geometry and attributes is the foundation of Geographic Information
        Systems. This critical link is implied by the order of shapes and 
        corresponding records in the shp geometry file and the dbf attribute file.
        
        The field names of a shapefile are available as soon as you read a shapefile. 
        You can call the "fields" attribute of the shapefile as a Python list. Each 
        field is a Python list with the following information:
        
        - Field name: the name describing the data at this column index.
        	
        - Field type: the type of data at this column index. Types can be: Character, Numbers, Longs, Dates, or Memo.
          The "Memo" type has no meaning within a GIS and is part of the xbase spec instead.
        	
        - Field length: the length of the data found at this column index.  Older GIS software may truncate this
          length to 8 or 11 characters for "Character" fields.
        	
        - Decimal length: the number of decimal places found in "Number" fields.
        	
        To see the fields for the Reader object above (sf) call the "fields" attribute:
        
        >>> fields = sf.fields
        
        >>> assert fields == [("DeletionFlag", "C", 1, 0), ["AREA", "N", 18, 5], 
        ... ["BKG_KEY", "C", 12, 0], ["POP1990", "N", 9, 0], ["POP90_SQMI", "N", 10, 1], 
        ... ["HOUSEHOLDS", "N", 9, 0], 
        ... ["MALES", "N", 9, 0], ["FEMALES", "N", 9, 0], ["WHITE", "N", 9, 0], 
        ... ["BLACK", "N", 8, 0], ["AMERI_ES", "N", 7, 0], ["ASIAN_PI", "N", 8, 0], 
        ... ["OTHER", "N", 8, 0], ["HISPANIC", "N", 8, 0], ["AGE_UNDER5", "N", 8, 0], 
        ... ["AGE_5_17", "N", 8, 0], ["AGE_18_29", "N", 8, 0], ["AGE_30_49", "N", 8, 0], 
        ... ["AGE_50_64", "N", 8, 0], ["AGE_65_UP", "N", 8, 0], 
        ... ["NEVERMARRY", "N", 8, 0], ["MARRIED", "N", 9, 0], ["SEPARATED", "N", 7, 0],
        ... ["WIDOWED", "N", 8, 0], ["DIVORCED", "N", 8, 0], ["HSEHLD_1_M", "N", 8, 0], 
        ... ["HSEHLD_1_F", "N", 8, 0], ["MARHH_CHD", "N", 8, 0], 
        ... ["MARHH_NO_C", "N", 8, 0], ["MHH_CHILD", "N", 7, 0], 
        ... ["FHH_CHILD", "N", 7, 0], ["HSE_UNITS", "N", 9, 0], ["VACANT", "N", 7, 0], 
        ... ["OWNER_OCC", "N", 8, 0], ["RENTER_OCC", "N", 8, 0], 
        ... ["MEDIAN_VAL", "N", 7, 0], ["MEDIANRENT", "N", 4, 0], 
        ... ["UNITS_1DET", "N", 8, 0], ["UNITS_1ATT", "N", 7, 0], ["UNITS2", "N", 7, 0], 
        ... ["UNITS3_9", "N", 8, 0], ["UNITS10_49", "N", 8, 0], 
        ... ["UNITS50_UP", "N", 8, 0], ["MOBILEHOME", "N", 7, 0]]
        
        You can get a list of the shapefile's records by calling the records() method:
        
        >>> records = sf.records()
        
        >>> len(records)
        663
        
        Each record is a list containing an attribute corresponding to each field in the
        field list.
        
        For example in the 4th record of the blockgroups shapefile the 2nd and 3rd 
        fields are the blockgroup id and the 1990 population count of 
        that San Francisco blockgroup:
        
        >>> records[3][1:3]
        ['060750601001', 4715]
        
        To read a single record call the record() method with the record's index:
        
        >>> rec = sf.record(3)
        
        >>> rec[1:3]
        ['060750601001', 4715]
        
        Reading Geometry and Records Simultaneously
        ...........................................
        
        You way want to examine both the geometry and the attributes for a record at the
        same time. The shapeRecord() and shapeRecords() method let you do just that.
        
        Calling the shapeRecords() method will return the geometry and attributes for
        all shapes as a list of ShapeRecord objects. Each ShapeRecord instance has a
        "shape" and "record" attribute. The shape attribute is a ShapeRecord object as
        dicussed in the first section "Reading Geometry". The record attribute is a
        list of field values as demonstrated in the "Reading Records" section.
        
        >>> shapeRecs = sf.shapeRecords()
        
        Let's read the blockgroup key and the population for the 4th blockgroup:
        >>> shapeRecs[3].record[1:3]
        ['060750601001', 4715]
        
        Now let's read the first two points for that same record:
        
        >>> points = shapeRecs[3].shape.points[0:2]
        
        >>> len(points)
        2
        
        The shapeRec() method reads a single shape/record pair at the specified index.
        To get the 4th shape record from the blockgroups shapfile use the third index:
        
        >>> shapeRec = sf.shapeRecord(3)
        
        The blockgroup key and population count:
        
        >>> shapeRec.record[1:3]
        ['060750601001', 4715]
        
        >>> points = shapeRec.shape.points[0:2]
        
        >>> len(points)
        2
        
        Writing Shapefiles
        ++++++++++++++++++
        
        The PSL tries to be as flexible as possible when writing shapefiles while 
        maintaining some degree of automatic validation to make sure you don't 
        accidentally write an invalid file.
        
        The PSL can write just one of the component files such as the shp or dbf file
        without writing the others. So in addition to being a complete 
        shapefile library, it can also be used as a basic dbf (xbase) library. Dbf files are
        a common database format which are often useful as a standalone simple 
        database format. And even shp files occasionaly have uses as a standalone 
        format. Some web-based GIS systems use an user-uploaded shp file to specify
        an area of interest. Many precision agriculture chemical field sprayers also
        use the shp format as a control file for the sprayer system (usually in 
        combination with custom database file formats).
        
        To create a shapefile you add geometry and/or attributes using methods in the 
        Writer class until you are ready to save the file.
        
        Create an instance of the Writer class to begin creating a shapefile:
        
        >>> w = shapefile.Writer()
        
        
        Setting the Shape Type
        ......................
        
        The shape type defines the type of geometry contained in the shapefile. All of
        the shapes must match the shape type setting. 
        
        Shape types are represented by numbers between 0 and 31 as defined by the 
        shapefile specification. It is important to note that numbering system has 
        several reserved numbers which have not been used yet therefore the numbers of 
        the existing shape types are not sequential.
        
        There are three ways to set the shape type: 
        - Set it when creating the class instance.
        - Set it by assigning a value to an existing class instance.
        - Set it automatically to the type of the first shape by saving the shapefile.
        	  
        To manually set the shape type for a Writer object when creating the Writer:
        
        >>> w = shapefile.Writer(shapeType=1)
        
        >>> w.shapeType
        1
        
        OR you can set it after the Writer is created:
        
        >>> w.shapeType = 3
        
        >>> w.shapeType
        3
        
        Geometry and Record Balancing
        .............................
        
        Because every shape must have a corresponding record it is critical that the
        number of records equals the number of shapes to create a valid shapefile. To
        help prevent accidental misalignment the PSL has an "auto balance" feature to
        make sure when you add either a shape or a record the two sides of the 
        equation line up. This feature is NOT turned on by default. To activate it
        set the attribute autoBalance to 1 (True):
        
        >>> w.autoBalance = 1
        
        You also have the option of manually calling the balance() method each time you
        add a shape or a record to ensure the other side is up to date.  When balancing
        is used null shapes are created on the geometry side or a record with a value of
        "NULL" for each field is created on the attribute side.
        
        The balancing option gives you flexibility in how you build the shapefile. 
        
        Without auto balancing you can add geometry or records at anytime. You can
        create all of the shapes and then create all of the records or vice versa. You
        can use the balance method after creating a shape or record each time and make 
        updates later. If you do not use the balance method and forget to manually
        balance the geometry and attributes the shapefile will be viewed as corrupt by
        most shapefile software.
        
        With auto balanacing you can add either shapes or geometry and update blank
        entries on either side as needed. Even if you forget to update an entry the
        shapefile will still be valid and handled correctly by most shapefile software.
        
        Adding Geometry
        ...............
        
        Geometry is added using one of three methods: "null", "point", or "poly". The "null" 
        method is used for null shapes, "point" is used for point shapes, and "poly" is
        used for everything else.
        
        **Adding a Null shape**
        
        Because Null shape types (shape type 0) have no geometry the "null" method is
        called without any arguments. 
        
        >>> w = shapefile.Writer()
        
        >>> w.null()
        
        The writer object's shapes list will now have one null shape:
        
        >>> assert w.shapes()[0].shapeType == shapefile.NULL
        
        **Adding a Point shape**
        
        Point shapes are added using the "point" method. A point is specified by an 
        x, y, and optional z (elevation) and m (measure) value.
        
        >>> w = shapefile.Writer()
        
        >>> w.point(122, 37) # No elevation or measure values
        
        >>> w.shapes()[0].points
        [[122, 37, 0, 0]]
        
        >>> w.point(118, 36, 4, 8)
        
        >>> w.shapes()[1].points
        [[118, 36, 4, 8]]
        
        **Adding a Poly shape**
        
        "Poly" shapes can be either polygons or lines.  Shapefile polygons must have at
        least 5 points and the last point must be the same as the first (i.e. you can't
        have a triangle accoring to the shapefile specification even though many popular
        GIS programs support such shapefiles.) A line must have at least two points.
        Because of the similarities between these two shape types they are created using
        a single method called "poly".
        
        >>> w = shapefile.Writer()
        
        >>> w.poly(shapeType=3, parts=[[[122,37,4,9], [117,36,3,4]], [[115,32,8,8], 
        ... [118,20,6,4], [113,24]]])
        
        Creating Attributes
        ...................
        
        Creating attributes involves two steps. Step 1 is to create fields to contain
        attribute values and step 2 is to populate the fields with values for each
        shape record.
        
        The following attempts to create a complete shapefile:
            
        >>> w = shapefile.Writer(shapefile.POINT)
        >>> w.point(1,1)
        >>> w.point(3,1)
        >>> w.point(4,3)
        >>> w.point(2,2)
        >>> w.field('FIRST_FLD')
        >>> w.field('SECOND_FLD','C','40')
        >>> w.record('First','Point')
        >>> w.record('Second','Point')
        >>> w.record('Third','Point')
        >>> w.record('Fourth','Point')
        >>> w.save('shapefiles/test/point')
        
        >>> w = shapefile.Writer(shapefile.POLYGON)
        >>> w.poly(parts=[[[1,5],[5,5],[5,1],[3,3],[1,1]]])
        >>> w.field('FIRST_FLD','C','40')
        >>> w.field('SECOND_FLD','C','40')
        >>> w.record('First','Polygon')
        >>> w.save('shapefiles/test/polygon')
        
        >>> w = shapefile.Writer(shapefile.POLYLINE)
        >>> w.line(parts=[[[1,5],[5,5],[5,1],[3,3],[1,1]]])
        >>> w.poly(parts=[[[1,3],[5,3]]], shapeType=shapefile.POLYLINE)
        >>> w.field('FIRST_FLD','C','40')
        >>> w.field('SECOND_FLD','C','40')
        >>> w.record('First','Line')
        >>> w.record('Second','Line')
        >>> w.save('shapefiles/test/line')
        
        You can also add attributes using keyword arguments where the keys are field names.
        
        >>> w = shapefile.Writer(shapefile.POLYLINE)
        >>> w.line(parts=[[[1,5],[5,5],[5,1],[3,3],[1,1]]])
        >>> w.field('FIRST_FLD','C','40')
        >>> w.field('SECOND_FLD','C','40')
        >>> w.record(FIRST_FLD='First', SECOND_FLD='Line')
        >>> w.save('shapefiles/test/line')
        
        Saving to File-Like Objects
        ...........................
        
        Just as you can read shapefiles from python file-like objects you can also write them.
        
        >>> try:
        ...     from StringIO import StringIO
        ... except ImportError:
        ...     from io import BytesIO as StringIO
        >>> shp = StringIO()
        >>> shx = StringIO()
        >>> dbf = StringIO()
        >>> w.saveShp(shp)
        >>> w.saveShx(shx)
        >>> w.saveDbf(dbf)
        >>> # Normally you would call the "StringIO.getvalue()" method on these objects.
        >>> shp = shx = dbf = None
        
        Editing Shapefiles
        ++++++++++++++++++
        
        The Editor class attempts to make changing existing shapefiles easier by handling the reading and writing details behind the scenes.
        
        Let's add shapes to existing shapefiles:
        
        Add a point to a point shapefile
         
        >>> e = shapefile.Editor(shapefile="shapefiles/test/point.shp")
        >>> e.point(0,0,10,2)
        >>> e.record("Appended","Point")
        >>> e.save('shapefiles/test/point')
        
        Add a new line to a line shapefile:
         
        >>> e = shapefile.Editor(shapefile="shapefiles/test/line.shp")
        >>> e.line(parts=[[[10,5],[15,5],[15,1],[13,3],[11,1]]])
        >>> e.record('Appended','Line')
        >>> e.save('shapefiles/test/line')
        
        Add a new polygon to a polygon shapefile:
        
        >>> e = shapefile.Editor(shapefile="shapefiles/test/polygon.shp")
        >>> e.poly(parts=[[[5.1,5],[9.9,5],[9.9,1],[7.5,3],[5.1,1]]])
        >>> e.record("Appended","Polygon")
        >>> e.save('shapefiles/test/polygon')
        
        Remove the first point in each shapefile - for a point shapefile that is 
        the first shape and record"
        
        >>> e = shapefile.Editor(shapefile="shapefiles/test/point.shp")
        >>> e.delete(0)
        >>> e.save('shapefiles/test/point')
        
        Remove the last shape in the polygon shapefile.
        
        >>> e = shapefile.Editor(shapefile="shapefiles/test/polygon.shp")
        >>> e.delete(-1)
        >>> e.save('shapefiles/test/polygon')
        
        
        
Keywords: gis geospatial geographic shapefile shapefiles
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: GIS
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules