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<a name="Locale-_0028locale_002eh_0029"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">9 Locale (<samp>locale.h</samp>)</h2>

<p>A <em>locale</em> is the name for a collection of parameters (affecting
collating sequences and formatting conventions) that may be different
depending on location or culture.  The <code>&quot;C&quot;</code> locale is the only
one defined in the ANSI C standard.
</p>
<p>This is a minimal implementation, supporting only the required <code>&quot;C&quot;</code>
value for locale; strings representing other locales are not
honored.  (<code>&quot;&quot;</code> is also accepted; it represents the default locale
for an implementation, here equivalent to <code>&quot;C&quot;</code>.
</p>

<p><samp>locale.h</samp> defines the structure <code>lconv</code> to collect the
information on a locale, with the following fields:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>char *decimal_point</code></dt>
<dd><p>The decimal point character used to format &ldquo;ordinary&rdquo; numbers (all
numbers except those referring to amounts of money).  <code>&quot;.&quot;</code> in the
C locale. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char *thousands_sep</code></dt>
<dd><p>The character (if any) used to separate groups of digits, when
formatting ordinary numbers.
<code>&quot;&quot;</code> in the C locale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char *grouping</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specifications for how many digits to group (if any grouping is done at
all) when formatting ordinary numbers.  The <em>numeric value</em> of each
character in the string represents the number of digits for the next
group, and a value of <code>0</code> (that is, the string&rsquo;s trailing
<code>NULL</code>) means to continue grouping digits using the last value
specified.  Use <code>CHAR_MAX</code> to indicate that no further grouping is
desired.  <code>&quot;&quot;</code> in the C locale. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char *int_curr_symbol</code></dt>
<dd><p>The international currency symbol (first three characters), if any, and
the character used to separate it from numbers.
<code>&quot;&quot;</code> in the C locale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char *currency_symbol</code></dt>
<dd><p>The local currency symbol, if any.
<code>&quot;&quot;</code> in the C locale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char *mon_decimal_point</code></dt>
<dd><p>The symbol used to delimit fractions in amounts of money.
<code>&quot;&quot;</code> in the C locale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char *mon_thousands_sep</code></dt>
<dd><p>Similar to <code>thousands_sep</code>, but used for amounts of money.
<code>&quot;&quot;</code> in the C locale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char *mon_grouping</code></dt>
<dd><p>Similar to <code>grouping</code>, but used for amounts of money.
<code>&quot;&quot;</code> in the C locale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char *positive_sign</code></dt>
<dd><p>A string to flag positive amounts of money when formatting.
<code>&quot;&quot;</code> in the C locale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char *negative_sign</code></dt>
<dd><p>A string to flag negative amounts of money when formatting.
<code>&quot;&quot;</code> in the C locale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char int_frac_digits</code></dt>
<dd><p>The number of digits to display when formatting amounts of money to
international conventions.
<code>CHAR_MAX</code> (the largest number representable as a <code>char</code>) in
the C locale. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char frac_digits</code></dt>
<dd><p>The number of digits to display when formatting amounts of money to
local conventions.
<code>CHAR_MAX</code> in the C locale. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char p_cs_precedes</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>1</code> indicates the local currency symbol is used before a
<em>positive or zero</em> formatted amount of money; <code>0</code> indicates
the currency symbol is placed after the formatted number.
<code>CHAR_MAX</code> in the C locale. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char p_sep_by_space</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>1</code> indicates the local currency symbol must be separated from
<em>positive or zero</em> numbers by a space; <code>0</code> indicates that it
is immediately adjacent to numbers.
<code>CHAR_MAX</code> in the C locale. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char n_cs_precedes</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>1</code> indicates the local currency symbol is used before a
<em>negative</em> formatted amount of money; <code>0</code> indicates
the currency symbol is placed after the formatted number.
<code>CHAR_MAX</code> in the C locale. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char n_sep_by_space</code></dt>
<dd><p><code>1</code> indicates the local currency symbol must be separated from
<em>negative</em> numbers by a space; <code>0</code> indicates that it
is immediately adjacent to numbers.
<code>CHAR_MAX</code> in the C locale. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char p_sign_posn</code></dt>
<dd><p>Controls the position of the <em>positive</em> sign for
numbers representing money.  <code>0</code> means parentheses surround the
number; <code>1</code> means the sign is placed before both the number and the
currency symbol; <code>2</code> means the sign is placed after both the number
and the currency symbol; <code>3</code> means the sign is placed just before
the currency symbol; and <code>4</code> means the sign is placed just after
the currency symbol.
<code>CHAR_MAX</code> in the C locale. 
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>char n_sign_posn</code></dt>
<dd><p>Controls the position of the <em>negative</em> sign for numbers
representing money, using the same rules as <code>p_sign_posn</code>.
<code>CHAR_MAX</code> in the C locale. 
</p></dd>
</dl>

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