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<title>HOTSPOTTER</title>
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<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
<h1 align=center>HOTSPOTTER</h1>
<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a><br>
<a href="#COORDINATES">COORDINATES</a><br>
<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
<a href="#REFERENCES">REFERENCES</a><br>
<hr>
<a name="NAME"></a>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">hotspotter
− Create CVA image from seamount flowlines</p>
<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>hotspotter</b>
[<i>infile(s)</i>] <b>−E</b><i>stage_file</i>
<b>−G</b><i>CVAgrid</i>
<b>−I</b><i>xinc</i>[<i>unit</i>][<b>=</b>|<b>+</b>][/<i>yinc</i>[<i>unit</i>][<b>=</b>|<b>+</b>]]
<b>−R</b><i>west</i>/<i>east</i>/<i>south</i>/<i>north</i>[<b>r</b>]
[ <b>−C</b> ] [ <b>−D</b><i>factor</i> ] [
<b>−F</b> ] [ <b>−H</b>[<b>i</b>][<i>nrec</i>] ]
[ <b>−N</b><i>upper_age</i> ] [ <b>−S</b> ] [
<b>−T</b> ] [ <b>−V</b> ] [
<b>−:</b>[<b>i</b>|<b>o</b>] ] [
<b>−bi</b>[<b>s</b>|<b>S</b>|<b>d</b>|<b>D</b>[<i>ncol</i>]|<b>c</b>[<i>var1</i><b>/</b><i>...</i>]]
]</p>
<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>hotspotter</b>
reads (longitude, latitude, amplitude, radius, age) records
from <i>infiles</i> [or standard input] and calculates
flowlines using the specified stage pole (Euler) rotations.
These flowlines are convolved with the shape of the seamount
(using a Gaussian shape given amplitude and radius = 6
sigma) and added up to give a Cumulative Volcano Amplitude
grid (CVA). See option <b>−:</b> on how to read
(latitude,longitude,...) files.</p>
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="85%">
<p valign="top">No space between the option flag and the
associated arguments. Use upper case for the option flags
and lower case for modifiers.</p></td>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>infile(s)</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Data file(s) to be processed.
If not given, standard input is read.</p>
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−E</b></p> </td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="82%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Give file with
rotation parameters. This file must contain one record for
each rotation; each record must be of the following
format:</p> </td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="82%">
<p valign="top"><i>lon lat tstart [tstop] angle</i> [
<i>khat a b c d e f g df</i> ]</p></td>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">where
<i>tstart</i> and <i>tstop</i> are in Myr and <i>lon lat
angle</i> are in degrees. <i>tstart</i> and <i>tstop</i> are
the ages of the old and young ends of a stage. If
<b>−C</b> is set then a total reconstruction rotation
is expected and <i>tstop</i> is implicitly set to 0 and
should not be specified in the file. If a covariance matrix
<b>C</b> for the rotation is available it must be specified
in a format using the nine optional terms listed in
brackets. Here, <b>C</b> = (<i>g</i>/<i>khat</i>)*[ <i>a b
d; b c e; d e f</i> ] which shows <b>C</b> made up of three
row vectors. If the degrees of freedom (<i>df</i>) in
fitting the rotation is 0 or not given it is set to 10000.
Blank lines and records whose first column contains # will
be ignored.</p>
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−G</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Specify name for
output grid file.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−I</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><i>x_inc</i> [and
optionally <i>y_inc</i>] is the grid spacing. Optionally,
append a suffix modifier. <b>Geographical (degrees)
coordinates</b>: Append <b>m</b> to indicate arc minutes or
<b>c</b> to indicate arc seconds. If one of the units
<b>e</b>, <b>k</b>, <b>i</b>, or <b>n</b> is appended
instead, the increment is assumed to be given in meter, km,
miles, or nautical miles, respectively, and will be
converted to the equivalent degrees longitude at the middle
latitude of the region (the conversion depends on
<b><A HREF="gmtdefaults.html#ELLIPSOID">ELLIPSOID</A></b>). If /<i>y_inc</i> is given but set to 0 it
will be reset equal to <i>x_inc</i>; otherwise it will be
converted to degrees latitude. <b>All coordinates</b>: If
<b>=</b> is appended then the corresponding max <i>x</i>
(<i>east</i>) or <i>y</i> (<i>north</i>) may be slightly
adjusted to fit exactly the given increment [by default the
increment may be adjusted slightly to fit the given domain].
Finally, instead of giving an increment you may specify the
<i>number of nodes</i> desired by appending <b>+</b> to the
supplied integer argument; the increment is then
recalculated from the number of nodes and the domain. The
resulting increment value depends on whether you have
selected a gridline-registered or pixel-registered grid; see
Appendix B for details. Note: if
<b>−R</b><i>grdfile</i> is used then grid spacing has
already been initialized; use <b>−I</b> to override
the values.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−R</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><i>west, east,
south,</i> and <i>north</i> specify the Region of interest,
and you may specify them in decimal degrees or in
[+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append <b>r</b> if lower
left and upper right map coordinates are given instead of
w/e/s/n. The two shorthands <b>−Rg</b> and
<b>−Rd</b> stand for global domain (0/360 and
-180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in
latitude). Alternatively, specify the name of an existing
grid file and the <b>−R</b> settings (and grid
spacing, if applicable) are copied from the grid.</p></td>
</table>
<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−C</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Expect Total
Reconstruction Rotations rather than Forward Stage Rotations
[Default]. File format is similar to the stage pole format
except that the <i>tstart</i> column is not present (assumed
to be 0 Ma).</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−D</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Modify the sampling
interval along flowlines. Default [0.5] gives approximately
2 points within each grid box. Smaller factors gives higher
resolutions at the expense of longer processing time.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−F</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Force pixel
registration [Default is grid registration].</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−H</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Input file(s) has
header record(s). If used, the default number of header
records is <b><A HREF="gmtdefaults.html#N_HEADER_RECS">N_HEADER_RECS</A></b>. Use <b>−Hi</b> if
only input data should have header records [Default will
write out header records if the input data have them]. Blank
lines and lines starting with # are always skipped.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−N</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Set the upper age
to assign seamounts whose crustal age is unknown (i.e., NaN)
[no upper age].</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−S</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Normalize the
resulting CVA grid to percentages of the CVA maximum.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−T</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Truncate seamount
ages exceeding the upper age set with <b>−N</b> [no
truncation].</p> </td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−V</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects verbose
mode, which will send progress reports to stderr [Default
runs "silently"].</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−:</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Toggles between
(longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude) input and/or
output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]. Append <b>i</b>
to select input only or <b>o</b> to select output only.
[Default affects both].</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−bi</b></p> </td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects binary
input. Append <b>s</b> for single precision [Default is
<b>d</b> (double)]. Uppercase <b>S</b> or <b>D</b> will
force byte-swapping. Optionally, append <i>ncol</i>, the
number of columns in your binary input file if it exceeds
the columns needed by the program. Or append <b>c</b> if the
input file is netCDF. Optionally, append
<i>var1</i><b>/</b><i>var2</i><b>/</b><i>...</i> to specify
the variables to be read. [Default is 5 input columns].</p></td>
</table>
<a name="EXAMPLES"></a>
<h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To create a CVA
image from the Pacific (x,y,z,r,t) data in the file
seamounts.d, using the DC85.d Euler poles, run</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>hotspotter</b>
seamounts.d <b>−E</b> DC85.d <b>−G</b> CVA.grd
<b>−R</b> 130/260/-66/60 <b>−I</b> 10<b>m
−N</b> 145 <b>−T −V</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This file can
then be plotted with <b><A HREF="grdimage.html">grdimage</A></b>.</p>
<a name="COORDINATES"></a>
<h2>COORDINATES</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Data
coordinates are assumed to be geodetic and will
automatically be converted to geocentric before spherical
rotations are performed. We convert back to geodetic
coordinates for output. Note: If your data already are
geocentric, you can avoid the conversion by using
--ELLIPSOID=sphere.</p>
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i><A HREF="GMT.html">GMT</A></i>(1),
<i><A HREF="grdimage.html">grdimage</A></i>(1), <i><A HREF="grdrotater.html">grdrotater</A></i>(1),
<i><A HREF="grdspotter.html">grdspotter</A></i>(1), <i><A HREF="project.html">project</A></i>(1),
<i><A HREF="mapproject.html">mapproject</A></i>(1), <i><A HREF="backtracker.html">backtracker</A></i>(1),
<i><A HREF="originator.html">originator</A></i>(1)</p>
<a name="REFERENCES"></a>
<h2>REFERENCES</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Wessel, P.,
1999, "Hotspotting" tools released, EOS Trans.
AGU, 80 (29), p. 319.</p>
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