/usr/share/doc/zsh-common/html/Options.html is in zsh-doc 5.0.2-3ubuntu6.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 2086 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150 2151 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 2160 2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2192 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 2198 2199 2200 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 2209 2210 2211 2212 2213 2214 2215 2216 2217 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 2224 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 2235 2236 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 2423 2424 2425 2426 2427 2428 2429 2430 2431 2432 2433 2434 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2440 2441 2442 2443 2444 2445 2446 2447 2448 2449 2450 2451 2452 2453 2454 2455 2456 2457 2458 2459 2460 2461 2462 2463 2464 2465 2466 2467 2468 2469 2470 2471 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 2497 2498 2499 2500 2501 2502 2503 2504 2505 2506 2507 2508 2509 2510 2511 2512 2513 2514 2515 2516 2517 2518 2519 2520 2521 2522 2523 2524 2525 2526 2527 2528 2529 2530 2531 2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2554 2555 2556 2557 2558 2559 2560 2561 2562 2563 2564 2565 2566 2567 2568 2569 2570 2571 2572 2573 2574 2575 2576 2577 2578 2579 2580 2581 2582 2583 2584 2585 2586 2587 2588 2589 2590 2591 2592 2593 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 2600 2601 2602 2603 2604 2605 2606 2607 2608 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2617 2618 2619 2620 2621 2622 2623 2624 2625 2626 2627 2628 2629 2630 2631 2632 2633 2634 2635 2636 2637 2638 2639 2640 2641 2642 2643 2644 2645 2646 2647 2648 2649 2650 2651 2652 2653 2654 2655 2656 2657 2658 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2665 2666 2667 2668 2669 2670 2671 2672 2673 2674 2675 2676 2677 2678 2679 2680 2681 2682 2683 2684 2685 2686 2687 2688 2689 2690 2691 2692 2693 2694 2695 2696 2697 2698 2699 2700 2701 2702 2703 2704 2705 2706 2707 2708 2709 2710 2711 2712 2713 2714 2715 2716 2717 2718 2719 2720 2721 2722 2723 2724 2725 2726 2727 2728 2729 2730 2731 2732 2733 2734 2735 2736 2737 2738 2739 2740 2741 2742 2743 2744 2745 2746 2747 2748 2749 2750 2751 2752 2753 2754 2755 2756 2757 2758 2759 2760 2761 2762 2763 2764 2765 2766 2767 2768 2769 2770 2771 2772 2773 2774 2775 2776 2777 2778 2779 2780 2781 2782 2783 2784 2785 2786 2787 2788 2789 2790 2791 2792 2793 2794 2795 2796 2797 2798 2799 2800 2801 2802 2803 2804 2805 2806 2807 2808 2809 2810 2811 2812 2813 2814 2815 2816 2817 2818 2819 2820 2821 2822 2823 2824 2825 2826 2827 2828 2829 2830 2831 2832 2833 2834 2835 2836 2837 2838 2839 2840 2841 2842 2843 2844 2845 2846 2847 2848 2849 2850 2851 2852 2853 2854 2855 2856 2857 2858 2859 2860 2861 2862 2863 2864 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2875 2876 2877 2878 2879 2880 2881 2882 2883 2884 2885 2886 2887 2888 2889 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2896 2897 2898 2899 2900 2901 2902 2903 2904 2905 2906 2907 2908 2909 2910 2911 2912 2913 2914 2915 2916 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 2934 2935 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 2943 2944 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2960 2961 2962 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2968 2969 2970 2971 2972 2973 2974 2975 2976 2977 2978 2979 2980 2981 2982 2983 2984 2985 2986 2987 2988 2989 2990 2991 2992 2993 2994 2995 2996 2997 2998 2999 3000 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3006 3007 3008 3009 3010 3011 3012 3013 3014 3015 3016 3017 3018 3019 3020 3021 3022 3023 3024 3025 3026 3027 3028 3029 3030 3031 3032 3033 3034 3035 3036 3037 3038 3039 3040 3041 3042 3043 3044 3045 3046 3047 3048 3049 3050 3051 3052 3053 3054 3055 3056 3057 3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065 3066 3067 3068 3069 3070 3071 3072 3073 3074 3075 3076 3077 3078 3079 3080 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085 3086 3087 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3144 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190 3191 3192 3193 3194 3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205 3206 3207 3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215 3216 3217 3218 3219 3220 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- Created on December 21, 2012 by texi2html 1.82
texi2html was written by:
Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
and many others.
Maintained by: Many creative people.
Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html-bug@nongnu.org>
-->
<head>
<title>zsh: 16. Options</title>
<meta name="description" content="zsh: 16. Options">
<meta name="keywords" content="zsh: 16. Options">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="texi2html 1.82">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
pre.display {font-family: serif}
pre.format {font-family: serif}
pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
pre.smalldisplay {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller}
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
pre.smallformat {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller}
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal;}
span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal;}
ul.toc {list-style: none}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
<a name="Options"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Parameters.html#Parameters-Used-By-The-Shell" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Specifying-Options" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Parameters.html#Parameters" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<a name="Options-1"></a>
<h1 class="chapter">16. Options</h1>
<a name="index-options"></a>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Specifying-Options">16.1 Specifying Options</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Description-of-Options">16.2 Description of Options</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Option-Aliases">16.3 Option Aliases</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Single-Letter-Options">16.4 Single Letter Options</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Specifying-Options"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<a name="Specifying-Options-1"></a>
<h2 class="section">16.1 Specifying Options</h2>
<a name="index-options_002c-specifying"></a>
<p>Options are primarily referred to by name.
These names are case insensitive and underscores are ignored.
For example, ‘<tt>allexport</tt>’ is equivalent to ‘<tt>A__lleXP_ort</tt>’.
</p>
<p>The sense of an option name may be inverted by preceding it with
‘<tt>no</tt>’, so ‘<tt>setopt No_Beep</tt>’ is equivalent to ‘<tt>unsetopt beep</tt>’.
This inversion can only be done once, so ‘<tt>nonobeep</tt>’ is <em>not</em>
a synonym for ‘<tt>beep</tt>’. Similarly, ‘<tt>tify</tt>’ is not a synonym for
‘<tt>nonotify</tt>’ (the inversion of ‘<tt>notify</tt>’).
</p>
<p>Some options also have one or more single letter names.
There are two sets of single letter options: one used by default,
and another used to emulate <cite>sh</cite>/<cite>ksh</cite> (used when the
<tt>SH_OPTION_LETTERS</tt> option is set).
The single letter options can be used on the shell command line,
or with the <tt>set</tt>, <tt>setopt</tt> and <tt>unsetopt</tt>
builtins, as normal Unix options preceded by ‘<tt>-</tt>’.
</p>
<p>The sense of the single letter options may be inverted by using
‘<tt>+</tt>’ instead of ‘<tt>-</tt>’.
Some of the single letter option names refer to an option being off,
in which case the inversion of that name refers to the option being on.
For example, ‘<tt>+n</tt>’ is the short name of ‘<tt>exec</tt>’, and
‘<tt>-n</tt>’ is the short name of its inversion, ‘<tt>noexec</tt>’.
</p>
<p>In strings of single letter options supplied to the shell at startup,
trailing whitespace will be ignored; for example the string ‘<tt>-f </tt>’
will be treated just as ‘<tt>-f</tt>’, but the string ‘<tt>-f i</tt>’ is an error.
This is because many systems which implement the ‘<tt>#!</tt>’ mechanism for
calling scripts do not strip trailing whitespace.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Description-of-Options"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Specifying-Options" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Changing-Directories" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<a name="Description-of-Options-1"></a>
<h2 class="section">16.2 Description of Options</h2>
<a name="index-options_002c-description"></a>
<p>In the following list, options set by default in all emulations are marked
<D>; those set by default only in csh, ksh, sh, or zsh emulations are marked
<C>, <K>, <S>, <Z> as appropriate. When listing options (by ‘<tt>setopt</tt>’,
‘<tt>unsetopt</tt>’, ‘<tt>set -o</tt>’ or ‘<tt>set +o</tt>’), those turned on by default
appear in the list prefixed with ‘<tt>no</tt>’. Hence (unless
<tt>KSH_OPTION_PRINT</tt> is set), ‘<tt>setopt</tt>’ shows all options whose settings
are changed from the default.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Changing-Directories"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Completion-4" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.1 Changing Directories</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-AUTO_005fCD"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fCD"></a>
<a name="index-AUTOCD"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTOCD"></a>
<a name="index-cd_002c-automatic"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_CD</tt> (<tt>-J</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>If a command is issued that can’t be executed as a normal command,
and the command is the name of a directory, perform the <tt>cd</tt>
command to that directory.
</p>
<a name="index-AUTO_005fPUSHD"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fPUSHD"></a>
<a name="index-AUTOPUSHD"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTOPUSHD"></a>
<a name="index-cd_002c-behaving-like-pushd"></a>
<a name="index-pushd_002c-making-cd-behave-like"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_PUSHD</tt> (<tt>-N</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Make <tt>cd</tt> push the old directory onto the directory stack.
</p>
<a name="index-CDABLE_005fVARS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCDABLE_005fVARS"></a>
<a name="index-CDABLEVARS"></a>
<a name="index-NOCDABLEVARS"></a>
<a name="index-cd_002c-to-parameter"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CDABLE_VARS</tt> (<tt>-T</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>If the argument to a <tt>cd</tt> command (or an implied <tt>cd</tt> with the
<tt>AUTO_CD</tt> option set) is not a directory, and does not begin with a
slash, try to expand the expression as if it were preceded by a ‘<tt>~</tt>’ (see
<a href="Expansion.html#Filename-Expansion">Filename Expansion</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-CHASE_005fDOTS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCHASE_005fDOTS"></a>
<a name="index-CHASEDOTS"></a>
<a name="index-NOCHASEDOTS"></a>
<a name="index-cd_002c-with-_002e_002e-in-argument"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CHASE_DOTS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>When changing to a directory containing a path segment ‘<tt>..</tt>’ which would
otherwise be treated as canceling the previous segment in the path (in
other words, ‘<tt>foo/..</tt>’ would be removed from the path, or if ‘<tt>..</tt>’ is
the first part of the path, the last part of the current working directory
would be removed), instead resolve the path to the physical directory.
This option is overridden by <tt>CHASE_LINKS</tt>.
</p>
<p>For example, suppose <tt>/foo/bar</tt> is a link to the directory <tt>/alt/rod</tt>.
Without this option set, ‘<tt>cd /foo/bar/..</tt>’ changes to <tt>/foo</tt>; with it
set, it changes to <tt>/alt</tt>. The same applies if the current directory
is <tt>/foo/bar</tt> and ‘<tt>cd ..</tt>’ is used. Note that all other symbolic
links in the path will also be resolved.
</p>
<a name="index-CHASE_005fLINKS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCHASE_005fLINKS"></a>
<a name="index-CHASELINKS"></a>
<a name="index-NOCHASELINKS"></a>
<a name="index-links_002c-symbolic"></a>
<a name="index-symbolic-links"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CHASE_LINKS</tt> (<tt>-w</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Resolve symbolic links to their true values when changing directory.
This also has the effect of <tt>CHASE_DOTS</tt>, i.e. a ‘<tt>..</tt>’ path segment
will be treated as referring to the physical parent, even if the preceding
path segment is a symbolic link.
</p>
<a name="index-POSIX_005fCD"></a>
<a name="index-POSIXCD"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPOSIX_005fCD"></a>
<a name="index-NOPOSIXCD"></a>
<a name="index-CDPATH_002c-order-of-checking"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>POSIX_CD</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Modifies the behaviour of <tt>cd</tt>, <tt>chdir</tt> and <tt>pushd</tt> commands
to make them more compatible with the POSIX standard. The behaviour with
the option unset is described in the documentation for the <tt>cd</tt>
builtin in
<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands">Shell Builtin Commands</a>.
If the option is set, the shell does not test for directories beneath
the local directory (‘<tt>.</tt>’) until after all directories in <tt>cdpath</tt>
have been tested.
</p>
<p>Also, if the option is set, the conditions under which the shell
prints the new directory after changing to it are modified. It is
no longer restricted to interactive shells (although printing of
the directory stack with <tt>pushd</tt> is still limited to interactive
shells); and any use of a component of <tt>CDPATH</tt>, including a ‘<tt>.</tt>’ but
excluding an empty component that is otherwise treated as ‘<tt>.</tt>’, causes
the directory to be printed.
</p>
<a name="index-PUSHD_005fIGNORE_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPUSHD_005fIGNORE_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-PUSHDIGNOREDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NOPUSHDIGNOREDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-directory-stack_002c-ignoring-duplicates"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PUSHD_IGNORE_DUPS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Don’t push multiple copies of the same directory onto the directory stack.
</p>
<a name="index-PUSHD_005fMINUS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPUSHD_005fMINUS"></a>
<a name="index-PUSHDMINUS"></a>
<a name="index-NOPUSHDMINUS"></a>
<a name="index-directory-stack_002c-controlling-syntax"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PUSHD_MINUS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Exchanges the meanings of ‘<tt>+</tt>’ and ‘<tt>-</tt>’
when used with a number to specify a directory in the stack.
</p>
<a name="index-PUSHD_005fSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPUSHD_005fSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-PUSHDSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-NOPUSHDSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-directory-stack_002c-silencing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PUSHD_SILENT</tt> (<tt>-E</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Do not print the directory stack after <tt>pushd</tt> or <tt>popd</tt>.
</p>
<a name="index-PUSHD_005fTO_005fHOME"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPUSHD_005fTO_005fHOME"></a>
<a name="index-PUSHDTOHOME"></a>
<a name="index-NOPUSHDTOHOME"></a>
<a name="index-pushd_002c-to-home"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PUSHD_TO_HOME</tt> (<tt>-D</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Have <tt>pushd</tt> with no arguments act like ‘<tt>pushd $HOME</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Completion-4"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Changing-Directories" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Expansion-and-Globbing" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.2 Completion</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-ALWAYS_005fLAST_005fPROMPT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fALWAYS_005fLAST_005fPROMPT"></a>
<a name="index-ALWAYSLASTPROMPT"></a>
<a name="index-NOALWAYSLASTPROMPT"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>ALWAYS_LAST_PROMPT</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>If unset, key functions that list completions try to return to the last
prompt if given a numeric argument. If set these functions try to
return to the last prompt if given <em>no</em> numeric argument.
</p>
<a name="index-ALWAYS_005fTO_005fEND"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fALWAYS_005fTO_005fEND"></a>
<a name="index-ALWAYSTOEND"></a>
<a name="index-NOALWAYSTOEND"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>ALWAYS_TO_END</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If a completion is performed with the cursor within a word, and a
full completion is inserted, the cursor is moved to the end of the
word. That is, the cursor is moved to the end of the word if either
a single match is inserted or menu completion is performed.
</p>
<a name="index-AUTO_005fLIST"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fLIST"></a>
<a name="index-AUTOLIST"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTOLIST"></a>
<a name="index-completion_002c-listing-choices"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_LIST</tt> (<tt>-9</tt>) <D></dt>
<dd><p>Automatically list choices on an ambiguous completion.
</p>
<a name="index-AUTO_005fMENU"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fMENU"></a>
<a name="index-AUTOMENU"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTOMENU"></a>
<a name="index-completion_002c-menu"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_MENU</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Automatically use menu completion after the second consecutive request for
completion, for example by pressing the tab key repeatedly. This option
is overridden by <tt>MENU_COMPLETE</tt>.
</p>
<a name="index-AUTO_005fNAME_005fDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fNAME_005fDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-AUTONAMEDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTONAMEDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-directories_002c-named"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_NAME_DIRS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Any parameter that is set to the absolute name of a directory
immediately becomes a name for that directory, that will be used
by the ‘<tt>%~</tt>’
and related prompt sequences, and will be available when completion
is performed on a word starting with ‘<tt>~</tt>’.
(Otherwise, the parameter must be used in the form ‘<tt>~</tt><var>param</var>’ first.)
</p>
<a name="index-AUTO_005fPARAM_005fKEYS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fPARAM_005fKEYS"></a>
<a name="index-AUTOPARAMKEYS"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTOPARAMKEYS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_PARAM_KEYS</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>If a parameter name was completed and a following character
(normally a space) automatically
inserted, and the next character typed is one
of those that have to come directly after the name (like ‘<tt>}</tt>’, ‘<tt>:</tt>’,
etc.), the automatically added character is deleted, so that the character
typed comes immediately after the parameter name.
Completion in a brace expansion is affected similarly: the added character
is a ‘<tt>,</tt>’, which will be removed if ‘<tt>}</tt>’ is typed next.
</p>
<a name="index-AUTO_005fPARAM_005fSLASH"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fPARAM_005fSLASH"></a>
<a name="index-AUTOPARAMSLASH"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTOPARAMSLASH"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_PARAM_SLASH</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>If a parameter is completed whose content is the name of a directory,
then add a trailing slash instead of a space.
</p>
<a name="index-AUTO_005fREMOVE_005fSLASH"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fREMOVE_005fSLASH"></a>
<a name="index-AUTOREMOVESLASH"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTOREMOVESLASH"></a>
<a name="index-slash_002c-removing-trailing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_REMOVE_SLASH</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>When the last character resulting from a completion is a slash and the next
character typed is a word delimiter, a slash, or a character that ends
a command (such as a semicolon or an ampersand), remove the slash.
</p>
<a name="index-BASH_005fAUTO_005fLIST"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBASH_005fAUTO_005fLIST"></a>
<a name="index-BASHAUTOLIST"></a>
<a name="index-NOBASHAUTOLIST"></a>
<a name="index-completion_002c-listing-choices_002c-bash-style"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BASH_AUTO_LIST</tt></dt>
<dd><p>On an ambiguous completion, automatically list choices when the
completion function is called twice in succession. This takes
precedence over <tt>AUTO_LIST</tt>. The setting of <tt>LIST_AMBIGUOUS</tt> is
respected. If <tt>AUTO_MENU</tt> is set, the menu behaviour will then start
with the third press. Note that this will not work with
<tt>MENU_COMPLETE</tt>, since repeated completion calls immediately cycle
through the list in that case.
</p>
<a name="index-COMPLETE_005fALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCOMPLETE_005fALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-COMPLETEALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-NOCOMPLETEALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-aliases_002c-completion-of"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>COMPLETE_ALIASES</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Prevents aliases on the command line from being internally substituted
before completion is attempted. The effect is to make the alias a
distinct command for completion purposes.
</p>
<a name="index-COMPLETE_005fIN_005fWORD"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCOMPLETE_005fIN_005fWORD"></a>
<a name="index-COMPLETEINWORD"></a>
<a name="index-NOCOMPLETEINWORD"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>COMPLETE_IN_WORD</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If unset, the cursor is set to the end of the word if completion is
started. Otherwise it stays there and completion is done from both ends.
</p>
<a name="index-GLOB_005fCOMPLETE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fGLOB_005fCOMPLETE"></a>
<a name="index-GLOBCOMPLETE"></a>
<a name="index-NOGLOBCOMPLETE"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>GLOB_COMPLETE</tt></dt>
<dd><p>When the current word has a glob pattern, do not insert all the words
resulting from the expansion but generate matches as for completion and
cycle through them like <tt>MENU_COMPLETE</tt>. The matches are generated as if
a ‘<tt>*</tt>’ was added to the end of the word, or inserted at the cursor when
<tt>COMPLETE_IN_WORD</tt> is set. This actually uses pattern matching, not
globbing, so it works not only for files but for any completion, such as
options, user names, etc.
</p>
<p>Note that when the pattern matcher is used, matching control (for example,
case-insensitive or anchored matching) cannot be used. This limitation
only applies when the current word contains a pattern; simply turning
on the <tt>GLOB_COMPLETE</tt> option does not have this effect.
</p>
<a name="index-HASH_005fLIST_005fALL"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHASH_005fLIST_005fALL"></a>
<a name="index-HASHLISTALL"></a>
<a name="index-NOHASHLISTALL"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HASH_LIST_ALL</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Whenever a command completion or spelling correction is attempted, make
sure the entire command path is hashed first. This makes the first
completion slower but avoids false reports of spelling errors.
</p>
<a name="index-LIST_005fAMBIGUOUS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLIST_005fAMBIGUOUS"></a>
<a name="index-LISTAMBIGUOUS"></a>
<a name="index-NOLISTAMBIGUOUS"></a>
<a name="index-ambiguous-completion"></a>
<a name="index-completion_002c-ambiguous"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LIST_AMBIGUOUS</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>This option works when <tt>AUTO_LIST</tt> or <tt>BASH_AUTO_LIST</tt> is also
set. If there is an unambiguous prefix to insert on the command line,
that is done without a completion list being displayed; in other
words, auto-listing behaviour only takes place when nothing would be
inserted. In the case of <tt>BASH_AUTO_LIST</tt>, this means that the list
will be delayed to the third call of the function.
</p>
<a name="index-LIST_005fBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLIST_005fBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-LISTBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-NOLISTBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-beep_002c-ambiguous-completion"></a>
<a name="index-completion_002c-beep-on-ambiguous"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LIST_BEEP</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Beep on an ambiguous completion. More accurately, this forces the
completion widgets to return status 1 on an ambiguous completion, which
causes the shell to beep if the option <tt>BEEP</tt> is also set; this may
be modified if completion is called from a user-defined widget.
</p>
<a name="index-LIST_005fPACKED"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLIST_005fPACKED"></a>
<a name="index-LISTPACKED"></a>
<a name="index-NOLISTPACKED"></a>
<a name="index-completion_002c-listing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LIST_PACKED</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Try to make the completion list smaller (occupying less lines) by
printing the matches in columns with different widths.
</p>
<a name="index-LIST_005fROWS_005fFIRST"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLIST_005fROWS_005fFIRST"></a>
<a name="index-LISTROWSFIRST"></a>
<a name="index-NOLISTROWSFIRST"></a>
<a name="index-completion_002c-listing-order"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LIST_ROWS_FIRST</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Lay out the matches in completion lists sorted horizontally, that is,
the second match is to the right of the first one, not under it as
usual.
</p>
<a name="index-LIST_005fTYPES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLIST_005fTYPES"></a>
<a name="index-LISTTYPES"></a>
<a name="index-NOLISTTYPES"></a>
<a name="index-marking-file-types"></a>
<a name="index-files_002c-marking-type-of"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LIST_TYPES</tt> (<tt>-X</tt>) <D></dt>
<dd><p>When listing files that are possible completions, show the
type of each file with a trailing identifying mark.
</p>
<a name="index-MENU_005fCOMPLETE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fMENU_005fCOMPLETE"></a>
<a name="index-MENUCOMPLETE"></a>
<a name="index-NOMENUCOMPLETE"></a>
<a name="index-completion_002c-menu-1"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>MENU_COMPLETE</tt> (<tt>-Y</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>On an ambiguous completion, instead of listing possibilities or beeping,
insert the first match immediately. Then when completion is requested
again, remove the first match and insert the second match, etc.
When there are no more matches, go back to the first one again.
<tt>reverse-menu-complete</tt> may be used to loop through the list
in the other direction. This option overrides <tt>AUTO_MENU</tt>.
</p>
<a name="index-REC_005fEXACT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fREC_005fEXACT"></a>
<a name="index-RECEXACT"></a>
<a name="index-NORECEXACT"></a>
<a name="index-completion_002c-exact-matches"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>REC_EXACT</tt> (<tt>-S</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>In completion, recognize exact matches even
if they are ambiguous.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Expansion-and-Globbing"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Completion-4" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#History" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.3 Expansion and Globbing</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-BAD_005fPATTERN"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBAD_005fPATTERN"></a>
<a name="index-BADPATTERN"></a>
<a name="index-NOBADPATTERN"></a>
<a name="index-globbing_002c-bad-pattern"></a>
<a name="index-filename-generation_002c-bad-pattern"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BAD_PATTERN</tt> (<tt>+2</tt>) <C> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>If a pattern for filename generation is badly formed, print an error message.
(If this option is unset, the pattern will be left unchanged.)
</p>
<a name="index-BARE_005fGLOB_005fQUAL"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBARE_005fGLOB_005fQUAL"></a>
<a name="index-BAREGLOBQUAL"></a>
<a name="index-NOBAREGLOBQUAL"></a>
<a name="index-globbing-qualifiers_002c-enable"></a>
<a name="index-enable-globbing-qualifiers"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BARE_GLOB_QUAL</tt> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>In a glob pattern, treat a trailing set of parentheses as a qualifier
list, if it contains no ‘<tt>|</tt>’, ‘<tt>(</tt>’ or (if special) ‘<tt>~</tt>’
characters. See <a href="Expansion.html#Filename-Generation">Filename Generation</a>.
</p>
<a name="index-BRACE_005fCCL"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBRACE_005fCCL"></a>
<a name="index-BRACECCL"></a>
<a name="index-NOBRACECCL"></a>
<a name="index-brace-expansion_002c-extending"></a>
<a name="index-expansion_002c-brace_002c-extending"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BRACE_CCL</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Expand expressions in braces which would not otherwise undergo brace
expansion to a lexically ordered list of all the characters. See
<a href="Expansion.html#Brace-Expansion">Brace Expansion</a>.
</p>
<a name="index-CASE_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCASE_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-CASEGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NOCASEGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-case_002dinsensitive-globbing_002c-option"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CASE_GLOB</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Make globbing (filename generation) sensitive to case. Note that other
uses of patterns are always sensitive to case. If the option is unset,
the presence of any character which is special to filename generation
will cause case-insensitive matching. For example, <tt>cvs(/)</tt>
can match the directory <tt>CVS</tt> owing to the presence of the globbing flag
(unless the option <tt>BARE_GLOB_QUAL</tt> is unset).
</p>
<a name="index-CASE_005fMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCASE_005fMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-CASEMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-NOCASEMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-case_002dinsensitive-regular-expression-matches_002c-option"></a>
<a name="index-regular-expressions_002c-case_002dinsensitive-matching_002c-option"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CASE_MATCH</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Make regular expressions using the <tt>zsh/regex</tt> module (including
matches with <tt>=~</tt>) sensitive to case.
</p>
<a name="index-CSH_005fNULL_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCSH_005fNULL_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-CSHNULLGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NOCSHNULLGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-csh_002c-null-globbing-style"></a>
<a name="index-null-globbing-style_002c-csh"></a>
<a name="index-globbing_002c-null_002c-style_002c-csh"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CSH_NULL_GLOB</tt> <C></dt>
<dd><p>If a pattern for filename generation has no matches,
delete the pattern from the argument list;
do not report an error unless all the patterns
in a command have no matches.
Overrides <tt>NOMATCH</tt>.
</p>
<a name="index-EQUALS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fEQUALS"></a>
<a name="index-NOEQUALS"></a>
<a name="index-filename-expansion_002c-_003d"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>EQUALS</tt> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Perform <tt>=</tt> filename expansion.
(See <a href="Expansion.html#Filename-Expansion">Filename Expansion</a>.)
</p>
<a name="index-EXTENDED_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fEXTENDED_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-EXTENDEDGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NOEXTENDEDGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-globbing_002c-extended"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>EXTENDED_GLOB</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Treat the ‘<tt>#</tt>’, ‘<tt>~</tt>’ and ‘<tt>^</tt>’ characters as part of patterns
for filename generation, etc. (An initial unquoted ‘<tt>~</tt>’
always produces named directory expansion.)
</p>
<a name="index-GLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NOGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-globbing_002c-enabling"></a>
<a name="index-enabling-globbing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>GLOB</tt> (<tt>+F</tt>, ksh: <tt>+f</tt>) <D></dt>
<dd><p>Perform filename generation (globbing).
(See <a href="Expansion.html#Filename-Generation">Filename Generation</a>.)
</p>
<a name="index-GLOB_005fASSIGN"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fGLOB_005fASSIGN"></a>
<a name="index-GLOBASSIGN"></a>
<a name="index-NOGLOBASSIGN"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>GLOB_ASSIGN</tt> <C></dt>
<dd><p>If this option is set, filename generation (globbing) is
performed on the right hand side of scalar parameter assignments of
the form ‘<var>name</var><tt>=</tt><var>pattern</var> (e.g. ‘<tt>foo=*</tt>’).
If the result has more than one word the parameter will become an array
with those words as arguments. This option is provided for backwards
compatibility only: globbing is always performed on the right hand side
of array assignments of the form ‘<var>name</var><tt>=(</tt><var>value</var><tt>)</tt>’
(e.g. ‘<tt>foo=(*)</tt>’) and this form is recommended for clarity;
with this option set, it is not possible to predict whether the result
will be an array or a scalar.
</p>
<a name="index-GLOB_005fDOTS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fGLOB_005fDOTS"></a>
<a name="index-GLOBDOTS"></a>
<a name="index-NOGLOBDOTS"></a>
<a name="index-globbing_002c-of-_002e-files"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>GLOB_DOTS</tt> (<tt>-4</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Do not require a leading ‘<tt>.</tt>’ in a filename to be matched explicitly.
</p>
<a name="index-GLOB_005fSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fGLOB_005fSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-GLOBSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-NOGLOBSUBST"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>GLOB_SUBST</tt> <C> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Treat any characters resulting from parameter expansion as being
eligible for file expansion and filename generation, and any
characters resulting from command substitution as being eligible for
filename generation. Braces (and commas in between) do not become eligible
for expansion.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fSUBST_005fPATTERN"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fSUBST_005fPATTERN"></a>
<a name="index-HISTSUBSTPATTERN"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTSUBSTPATTERN"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_SUBST_PATTERN</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Substitutions using the <tt>:s</tt> and <tt>:&</tt> history modifiers are performed
with pattern matching instead of string matching. This occurs wherever
history modifiers are valid, including glob qualifiers and parameters.
See
<a href="Expansion.html#Modifiers">Modifiers</a>.
</p>
<a name="index-IGNORE_005fBRACES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fIGNORE_005fBRACES"></a>
<a name="index-IGNOREBRACES"></a>
<a name="index-NOIGNOREBRACES"></a>
<a name="index-disabling-brace-expansion"></a>
<a name="index-brace-expansion_002c-disabling"></a>
<a name="index-expansion_002c-brace_002c-disabling"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>IGNORE_BRACES</tt> (<tt>-I</tt>) <S></dt>
<dd><p>Do not perform brace expansion. For historical reasons this
also includes the effect of the <tt>IGNORE_CLOSE_BRACES</tt> option.
</p>
<a name="index-IGNORE_005fCLOSE_005fBRACES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fIGNORE_005fCLOSE_005fBRACES"></a>
<a name="index-IGNORECLOSEBRACES"></a>
<a name="index-NOIGNORECLOSEBRACES"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>IGNORE_CLOSE_BRACES</tt></dt>
<dd><p>When neither this option nor <tt>IGNORE_BRACES</tt> is set, a sole
close brace character ‘<tt>}</tt>’ is syntactically significant at any
point on a command line. This has the effect that no semicolon
or newline is necessary before the brace terminating a function
or current shell construct. When either option is set, a closing brace
is syntactically significant only in command position. Unlike
<tt>IGNORE_BRACES</tt>, this option does not disable brace expansion.
</p>
<p>For example, with both options unset a function may be defined
in the following fashion:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">args() { echo $# }
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>while if either option is set, this does not work and something
equivalent to the following is required:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">args() { echo $#; }
</pre></td></tr></table>
<a name="index-KSH_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fKSH_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-KSHGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NOKSHGLOB"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>KSH_GLOB</tt> <K></dt>
<dd><p>In pattern matching, the interpretation of parentheses is affected by
a preceding ‘<tt>@</tt>’, ‘<tt>*</tt>’, ‘<tt>+</tt>’, ‘<tt>?</tt>’ or ‘<tt>!</tt>’.
See <a href="Expansion.html#Filename-Generation">Filename Generation</a>.
</p>
<a name="index-MAGIC_005fEQUAL_005fSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fMAGIC_005fEQUAL_005fSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-MAGICEQUALSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-NOMAGICEQUALSUBST"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>MAGIC_EQUAL_SUBST</tt></dt>
<dd><p>All unquoted arguments of the form ‘<var>anything</var><tt>=</tt><var>expression</var>’
appearing after the command name have filename expansion (that is,
where <var>expression</var> has a leading ‘<tt>~</tt>’ or ‘<tt>=</tt>’) performed on
<var>expression</var> as if it were a parameter assignment. The argument is
not otherwise treated specially; it is passed to the command as a single
argument, and not used as an actual parameter assignment. For example, in
<tt>echo foo=~/bar:~/rod</tt>, both occurrences of <tt>~</tt> would be replaced.
Note that this happens anyway with <tt>typeset</tt> and similar statements.
</p>
<p>This option respects the setting of the <tt>KSH_TYPESET</tt> option. In other
words, if both options are in effect, arguments looking like
assignments will not undergo word splitting.
</p>
<a name="index-MARK_005fDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fMARK_005fDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-MARKDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-NOMARKDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-directories_002c-marking"></a>
<a name="index-marking-directories"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>MARK_DIRS</tt> (<tt>-8</tt>, ksh: <tt>-X</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Append a trailing ‘<tt>/</tt>’ to all directory
names resulting from filename generation (globbing).
</p>
<a name="index-MULTIBYTE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fMULTIBYTE"></a>
<a name="index-NOMULTIBYTE"></a>
<a name="index-characters_002c-multibyte_002c-in-expansion-and-globbing"></a>
<a name="index-multibyte-characters_002c-in-expansion-and-globbing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>MULTIBYTE</tt> <C> <K> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Respect multibyte characters when found in strings.
When this option is set, strings are examined using the
system library to determine how many bytes form a character, depending
on the current locale. This affects the way characters are counted in
pattern matching, parameter values and various delimiters.
</p>
<p>The option is on by default if the shell was compiled with
<tt>MULTIBYTE_SUPPORT</tt> except in <tt>sh</tt> emulation; otherwise it is off by
default and has no effect if turned on. The mode is off in <tt>sh</tt>
emulation for compatibility but for interactive use may need to be
turned on if the terminal interprets multibyte characters.
</p>
<p>If the option is off a single byte is always treated as a single
character. This setting is designed purely for examining strings
known to contain raw bytes or other values that may not be characters
in the current locale. It is not necessary to unset the option merely
because the character set for the current locale does not contain multibyte
characters.
</p>
<p>The option does not affect the shell’s editor, which always uses the
locale to determine multibyte characters. This is because
the character set displayed by the terminal emulator is independent of
shell settings.
</p>
<a name="index-NOMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fNOMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-NONOMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-globbing_002c-no-matches"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>NOMATCH</tt> (<tt>+3</tt>) <C> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>If a pattern for filename generation has no matches,
print an error, instead of
leaving it unchanged in the argument list.
This also applies to file expansion
of an initial ‘<tt>~</tt>’ or ‘<tt>=</tt>’.
</p>
<a name="index-NULL_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fNULL_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NULLGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NONULLGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-globbing_002c-no-matches-1"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>NULL_GLOB</tt> (<tt>-G</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>If a pattern for filename generation has no matches,
delete the pattern from the argument list instead
of reporting an error. Overrides <tt>NOMATCH</tt>.
</p>
<a name="index-NUMERIC_005fGLOB_005fSORT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fNUMERIC_005fGLOB_005fSORT"></a>
<a name="index-NUMERICGLOBSORT"></a>
<a name="index-NONUMERICGLOBSORT"></a>
<a name="index-globbing_002c-sorting-numerically"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>NUMERIC_GLOB_SORT</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If numeric filenames are matched by a filename generation pattern,
sort the filenames numerically rather than lexicographically.
</p>
<a name="index-RC_005fEXPAND_005fPARAM"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fRC_005fEXPAND_005fPARAM"></a>
<a name="index-RCEXPANDPARAM"></a>
<a name="index-NORCEXPANDPARAM"></a>
<a name="index-rc_002c-parameter-expansion-style"></a>
<a name="index-parameter-expansion-style_002c-rc"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>RC_EXPAND_PARAM</tt> (<tt>-P</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Array expansions of the form
‘<var>foo</var><tt>${</tt><var>xx</var><tt>}</tt><var>bar</var>’, where the parameter
<var>xx</var> is set to <tt>(</tt><var>a b c</var><tt>)</tt>, are substituted with
‘<var>fooabar foobbar foocbar</var>’ instead of the default
‘<var>fooa b cbar</var>’. Note that an empty array will therefore cause
all arguments to be removed.
</p>
<a name="index-REMATCH_005fPCRE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fREMATCH_005fPCRE"></a>
<a name="index-REMATCHPCRE"></a>
<a name="index-NOREMATCHPCRE"></a>
<a name="index-regexp_002c-PCRE"></a>
<a name="index-PCRE_002c-regexp"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>REMATCH_PCRE</tt> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>If set, regular expression matching with the <tt>=~</tt> operator will use
Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions from the PCRE library, if available.
If not set, regular expressions will use the extended regexp syntax
provided by the system libraries.
</p>
<a name="index-SH_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSH_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-SHGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NOSHGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-sh_002c-globbing-style"></a>
<a name="index-globbing-style_002c-sh"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SH_GLOB</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Disables the special meaning of ‘<tt>(</tt>’, ‘<tt>|</tt>’, ‘<tt>)</tt>’
and ’<tt><</tt>’ for globbing the result of parameter and command substitutions,
and in some other places where
the shell accepts patterns. If <tt>SH_GLOB</tt> is set but <tt>KSH_GLOB</tt> is
not, the shell allows the interpretation of
subshell expressions enclosed in parentheses in some cases where there
is no space before the opening parenthesis, e.g. <tt>!(true)</tt>
is interpreted as if there were a space after the <tt>!</tt>. This option is
set by default if zsh is invoked as <tt>sh</tt> or <tt>ksh</tt>.
</p>
<a name="index-UNSET"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fUNSET"></a>
<a name="index-NOUNSET"></a>
<a name="index-parameters_002c-substituting-unset"></a>
<a name="index-unset-parameters_002c-substituting"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>UNSET</tt> (<tt>+u</tt>, ksh: <tt>+u</tt>) <K> <S> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Treat unset parameters as if they were empty when substituting.
Otherwise they are treated as an error.
</p>
<a name="index-WARN_005fCREATE_005fGLOBAL"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fWARN_005fCREATE_005fGLOBAL"></a>
<a name="index-WARNCREATEGLOBAL"></a>
<a name="index-NOWARNCREATEGLOBAL"></a>
<a name="index-parameters_002c-warning-when-created-globally"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>WARN_CREATE_GLOBAL</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Print a warning message when a global parameter is created in a function
by an assignment. This often indicates that a parameter has not been
declared local when it should have been. Parameters explicitly declared
global from within a function using <tt>typeset -g</tt> do not cause a warning.
Note that there is no warning when a local parameter is assigned to in
a nested function, which may also indicate an error.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="History"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Expansion-and-Globbing" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Initialisation" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.4 History</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-APPEND_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAPPEND_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-APPENDHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NOAPPENDHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-appending-to-a-file"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>APPEND_HISTORY</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>If this is set, zsh sessions will append their history list to
the history file, rather than replace it. Thus, multiple parallel
zsh sessions will all have the new entries from their history lists
added to the history file, in the order that they exit.
The file will still be periodically re-written to trim it when the
number of lines grows 20% beyond the value specified by
<tt>$SAVEHIST</tt> (see also the HIST_SAVE_BY_COPY option).
</p>
<a name="index-BANG_005fHIST"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBANG_005fHIST"></a>
<a name="index-BANGHIST"></a>
<a name="index-NOBANGHIST"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-enable-substitution"></a>
<a name="index-enable-history-substitution"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BANG_HIST</tt> (<tt>+K</tt>) <C> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Perform textual history expansion, <cite>csh</cite>-style,
treating the character ‘<tt>!</tt>’ specially.
</p>
<a name="index-EXTENDED_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fEXTENDED_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-EXTENDEDHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NOEXTENDEDHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-timestamping"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>EXTENDED_HISTORY</tt> <C></dt>
<dd><p>Save each command’s beginning timestamp (in seconds since the epoch)
and the duration (in seconds) to the history file. The format of
this prefixed data is:
</p>
<p>‘<tt>:</tt> <var><beginning time></var><tt>:</tt><var><elapsed seconds></var><tt>;</tt><var><command></var>’.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fALLOW_005fCLOBBER"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fALLOW_005fCLOBBER"></a>
<a name="index-HISTALLOWCLOBBER"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTALLOWCLOBBER"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_ALLOW_CLOBBER</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Add ‘<tt>|</tt>’ to output redirections in the history. This allows history
references to clobber files even when <tt>CLOBBER</tt> is unset.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-HISTBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-history-beeping"></a>
<a name="index-beep_002c-history"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_BEEP</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Beep when an attempt is made to access a history entry which
isn’t there.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fEXPIRE_005fDUPS_005fFIRST"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fEXPIRE_005fDUPS_005fFIRST"></a>
<a name="index-HISTEXPIREDUPSFIRST"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTEXPIREDUPSFIRST"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-expiring-duplicates"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_EXPIRE_DUPS_FIRST</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If the internal history needs to be trimmed to add the current command line,
setting this option will cause the oldest history event that has a duplicate
to be lost before losing a unique event from the list.
You should be sure to set the value of <tt>HISTSIZE</tt> to a larger number
than <tt>SAVEHIST</tt> in order to give you some room for the duplicated
events, otherwise this option will behave just like
<tt>HIST_IGNORE_ALL_DUPS</tt> once the history fills up with unique events.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fFCNTL_005fLOCK"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fFCNTL_005fLOCK"></a>
<a name="index-HISTFCNTLLOCK"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTFCNTLLOCK"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_FCNTL_LOCK</tt></dt>
<dd><p>When writing out the history file, by default zsh uses ad-hoc file locking
to avoid known problems with locking on some operating systems. With this
option locking is done by means of the system’s <tt>fcntl</tt> call, where
this method is available. On recent operating systems this may
provide better performance, in particular avoiding history corruption when
files are stored on NFS.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fFIND_005fNO_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fFIND_005fNO_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-HISTFINDNODUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTFINDNODUPS"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-ignoring-duplicates-in-search"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_FIND_NO_DUPS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>When searching for history entries in the line editor, do not display
duplicates of a line previously found, even if the duplicates are not
contiguous.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fIGNORE_005fALL_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fIGNORE_005fALL_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-HISTIGNOREALLDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTIGNOREALLDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-ignoring-all-duplicates"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_IGNORE_ALL_DUPS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If a new command line being added to the history list duplicates an
older one, the older command is removed from the list (even if it is
not the previous event).
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fIGNORE_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fIGNORE_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-HISTIGNOREDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTIGNOREDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-ignoring-duplicates"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_IGNORE_DUPS</tt> (<tt>-h</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Do not enter command lines into the history list
if they are duplicates of the previous event.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fIGNORE_005fSPACE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fIGNORE_005fSPACE"></a>
<a name="index-HISTIGNORESPACE"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTIGNORESPACE"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-ignoring-spaces"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_IGNORE_SPACE</tt> (<tt>-g</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Remove command lines from the history list when the first character on
the line is a space, or when one of the expanded aliases contains a
leading space. Only normal aliases (not global or suffix aliases)
have this behaviour.
Note that the command lingers in the internal history until the next
command is entered before it vanishes, allowing you to briefly reuse
or edit the line. If you want to make it vanish right away without
entering another command, type a space and press return.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fLEX_005fWORDS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fLEX_005fWORDS"></a>
<a name="index-HISTLEXWORDS"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTLEXWORDS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_LEX_WORDS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>By default, shell history that is read in from files is split into
words on all white space. This means that arguments with quoted
whitespace are not correctly handled, with the consequence that
references to words in history lines that have been read from a file
may be inaccurate. When this option is set, words read in from a
history file are divided up in a similar fashion to normal shell
command line handling. Although this produces more accurately delimited
words, if the size of the history file is large this can be slow. Trial
and error is necessary to decide.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fNO_005fFUNCTIONS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fNO_005fFUNCTIONS"></a>
<a name="index-HISTNOFUNCTIONS"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTNOFUNCTIONS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_NO_FUNCTIONS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Remove function definitions from the history list.
Note that the function lingers in the internal history until the next
command is entered before it vanishes, allowing you to briefly reuse
or edit the definition.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fNO_005fSTORE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fNO_005fSTORE"></a>
<a name="index-HISTNOSTORE"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTNOSTORE"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_NO_STORE</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Remove the <tt>history</tt> (<tt>fc -l</tt>) command from the history list
when invoked.
Note that the command lingers in the internal history until the next
command is entered before it vanishes, allowing you to briefly reuse
or edit the line.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fREDUCE_005fBLANKS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fREDUCE_005fBLANKS"></a>
<a name="index-HISTREDUCEBLANKS"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTREDUCEBLANKS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_REDUCE_BLANKS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Remove superfluous blanks from each command line
being added to the history list.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fSAVE_005fBY_005fCOPY"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fSAVE_005fBY_005fCOPY"></a>
<a name="index-HISTSAVEBYCOPY"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTSAVEBYCOPY"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_SAVE_BY_COPY</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>When the history file is re-written, we normally write out a copy of
the file named $HISTFILE.new and then rename it over the old one.
However, if this option is unset, we instead truncate the old
history file and write out the new version in-place. If one of the
history-appending options is enabled, this option only has an effect
when the enlarged history file needs to be re-written to trim it
down to size. Disable this only if you have special needs, as doing
so makes it possible to lose history entries if zsh gets interrupted
during the save.
</p>
<p>When writing out a copy of the history file, zsh preserves the old
file’s permissions and group information, but will refuse to write
out a new file if it would change the history file’s owner.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fSAVE_005fNO_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fSAVE_005fNO_005fDUPS"></a>
<a name="index-HISTSAVENODUPS"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTSAVENODUPS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_SAVE_NO_DUPS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>When writing out the history file, older commands that duplicate
newer ones are omitted.
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fVERIFY"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fVERIFY"></a>
<a name="index-HISTVERIFY"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTVERIFY"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-verifying-substitution"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_VERIFY</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Whenever the user enters a line with history expansion,
don’t execute the line directly; instead, perform
history expansion and reload the line into the editing buffer.
</p>
<a name="index-INC_005fAPPEND_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fINC_005fAPPEND_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-INCAPPENDHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NOINCAPPENDHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-incremental-appending-to-a-file"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>INC_APPEND_HISTORY</tt></dt>
<dd><p>This options works like <tt>APPEND_HISTORY</tt> except that new history lines
are added to the <tt>$HISTFILE</tt> incrementally (as soon as they are
entered), rather than waiting until the shell exits.
The file will still be periodically re-written to trim it when the
number of lines grows 20% beyond the value specified by
<tt>$SAVEHIST</tt> (see also the HIST_SAVE_BY_COPY option).
</p>
<a name="index-SHARE_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSHARE_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-SHAREHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NOSHAREHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-share-history"></a>
<a name="index-history_002c-sharing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SHARE_HISTORY</tt> <K></dt>
<dd>
<p>This option both imports new commands from the history file, and also
causes your typed commands to be appended to the history file (the
latter is like specifying <tt>INC_APPEND_HISTORY</tt>).
The history lines are also output with timestamps ala
<tt>EXTENDED_HISTORY</tt> (which makes it easier to find the spot where
we left off reading the file after it gets re-written).
</p>
<p>By default, history movement commands visit the imported lines as
well as the local lines, but you can toggle this on and off with the
set-local-history zle binding. It is also possible to create a zle
widget that will make some commands ignore imported commands, and
some include them.
</p>
<p>If you find that you want more control over when commands
get imported, you may wish to turn <tt>SHARE_HISTORY</tt> off,
<tt>INC_APPEND_HISTORY</tt> on, and then manually import
commands whenever you need them using ‘<tt>fc -RI</tt>’.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Initialisation"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#History" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Input_002fOutput" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.5 Initialisation</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-ALL_005fEXPORT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fALL_005fEXPORT"></a>
<a name="index-ALLEXPORT"></a>
<a name="index-NOALLEXPORT"></a>
<a name="index-export_002c-automatic"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>ALL_EXPORT</tt> (<tt>-a</tt>, ksh: <tt>-a</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>All parameters subsequently defined are automatically exported.
</p>
<a name="index-GLOBAL_005fEXPORT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fGLOBAL_005fEXPORT"></a>
<a name="index-GLOBALEXPORT"></a>
<a name="index-NOGLOBALEXPORT"></a>
<a name="index-environment_002c-and-local-parameters"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>GLOBAL_EXPORT</tt> (<tt><Z></tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>If this option is set, passing the <tt>-x</tt> flag to the builtins <tt>declare</tt>,
<tt>float</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, <tt>readonly</tt> and <tt>typeset</tt> (but not <tt>local</tt>)
will also set the <tt>-g</tt> flag; hence parameters exported to
the environment will not be made local to the enclosing function, unless
they were already or the flag <tt>+g</tt> is given explicitly. If the option is
unset, exported parameters will be made local in just the same way as any
other parameter.
</p>
<p>This option is set by default for backward compatibility; it is not
recommended that its behaviour be relied upon. Note that the builtin
<tt>export</tt> always sets both the <tt>-x</tt> and <tt>-g</tt> flags, and hence its
effect extends beyond the scope of the enclosing function; this is the
most portable way to achieve this behaviour.
</p>
<a name="index-exporting_002c-and-local-parameters"></a>
<a name="index-GLOBAL_005fRCS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fGLOBAL_005fRCS"></a>
<a name="index-GLOBALRCS"></a>
<a name="index-NOGLOBALRCS"></a>
<a name="index-startup-files_002c-global_002c-inhibiting"></a>
<a name="index-files_002c-global-startup_002c-inhibiting"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>GLOBAL_RCS</tt> (<tt>-d</tt>) <D></dt>
<dd><p>If this option is unset, the startup files <tt>/etc/zprofile</tt>,
<tt>/etc/zshrc</tt>, <tt>/etc/zlogin</tt> and <tt>/etc/zlogout</tt> will not be run. It
can be disabled and re-enabled at any time, including inside local startup
files (<tt>.zshrc</tt>, etc.).
</p>
<a name="index-RCS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fRCS"></a>
<a name="index-NORCS"></a>
<a name="index-startup-files_002c-sourcing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>RCS</tt> (<tt>+f</tt>) <D></dt>
<dd><p>After <tt>/etc/zshenv</tt> is sourced on startup, source the
<tt>.zshenv</tt>, <tt>/etc/zprofile</tt>, <tt>.zprofile</tt>,
<tt>/etc/zshrc</tt>, <tt>.zshrc</tt>, <tt>/etc/zlogin</tt>, <tt>.zlogin</tt>, and <tt>.zlogout</tt>
files, as described in <a href="Files.html#Files">Files</a>.
If this option is unset, the <tt>/etc/zshenv</tt> file is still sourced, but any
of the others will not be; it can be set at any time to prevent the
remaining startup files after the currently executing one from
being sourced.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Input_002fOutput"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Initialisation" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Job-Control" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.6 Input/Output</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-ALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-NOALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-aliases_002c-expansion"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>ALIASES</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Expand aliases.
</p>
<a name="index-CLOBBER"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCLOBBER"></a>
<a name="index-NOCLOBBER"></a>
<a name="index-clobbering_002c-of-files"></a>
<a name="index-file-clobbering_002c-allowing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CLOBBER</tt> (<tt>+C</tt>, ksh: <tt>+C</tt>) <D></dt>
<dd><p>Allows ‘<tt>></tt>’ redirection to truncate existing files,
and ‘<tt>>></tt>’ to create files.
Otherwise ‘<tt>>!</tt>’ or ‘<tt>>|</tt>’ must be used to truncate a file,
and ‘<tt>>>!</tt>’ or ‘<tt>>>|</tt>’ to create a file.
</p>
<a name="index-CORRECT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCORRECT"></a>
<a name="index-NOCORRECT"></a>
<a name="index-correction_002c-spelling"></a>
<a name="index-spelling-correction"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CORRECT</tt> (<tt>-0</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Try to correct the spelling of commands.
Note that, when the <tt>HASH_LIST_ALL</tt> option is not set or when some
directories in the path are not readable, this may falsely report spelling
errors the first time some commands are used.
</p>
<p>The shell variable <tt>CORRECT_IGNORE</tt> may be set to a pattern to
match words that will never be offered as corrections.
</p>
<a name="index-CORRECT_005fALL"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCORRECT_005fALL"></a>
<a name="index-CORRECTALL"></a>
<a name="index-NOCORRECTALL"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CORRECT_ALL</tt> (<tt>-O</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Try to correct the spelling of all arguments in a line.
</p>
<a name="index-DVORAK"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fDVORAK"></a>
<a name="index-NODVORAK"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>DVORAK</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Use the Dvorak keyboard instead of the standard qwerty keyboard as a basis
for examining spelling mistakes for the <tt>CORRECT</tt> and <tt>CORRECT_ALL</tt>
options and the <tt>spell-word</tt> editor command.
</p>
<a name="index-FLOW_005fCONTROL"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fFLOW_005fCONTROL"></a>
<a name="index-FLOWCONTROL"></a>
<a name="index-NOFLOWCONTROL"></a>
<a name="index-flow-control"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>FLOW_CONTROL</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>If this option is unset,
output flow control via start/stop characters (usually assigned to
^S/^Q) is disabled in the shell’s editor.
</p>
<a name="index-IGNORE_005fEOF"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fIGNORE_005fEOF"></a>
<a name="index-IGNOREEOF"></a>
<a name="index-NOIGNOREEOF"></a>
<a name="index-EOF_002c-ignoring"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>IGNORE_EOF</tt> (<tt>-7</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Do not exit on end-of-file. Require the use
of <tt>exit</tt> or <tt>logout</tt> instead.
However, ten consecutive EOFs will cause the shell to exit anyway,
to avoid the shell hanging if its tty goes away.
</p>
<p>Also, if this option is set and the Zsh Line Editor is used, widgets
implemented by shell functions can be bound to EOF (normally
Control-D) without printing the normal warning message. This works
only for normal widgets, not for completion widgets.
</p>
<a name="index-INTERACTIVE_005fCOMMENTS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fINTERACTIVE_005fCOMMENTS"></a>
<a name="index-INTERACTIVECOMMENTS"></a>
<a name="index-NOINTERACTIVECOMMENTS"></a>
<a name="index-comments_002c-in-interactive-shells"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS</tt> (<tt>-k</tt>) <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Allow comments even in interactive shells.
</p>
<a name="index-HASH_005fCMDS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHASH_005fCMDS"></a>
<a name="index-HASHCMDS"></a>
<a name="index-NOHASHCMDS"></a>
<a name="index-hashing_002c-of-commands"></a>
<a name="index-command-hashing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HASH_CMDS</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Note the location of each command the first time it is executed.
Subsequent invocations of the same command will use the
saved location, avoiding a path search.
If this option is unset, no path hashing is done at all.
However, when <tt>CORRECT</tt> is set, commands whose names do not appear in
the functions or aliases hash tables are hashed in order to avoid
reporting them as spelling errors.
</p>
<a name="index-HASH_005fDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHASH_005fDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-HASHDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-NOHASHDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-hashing_002c-of-directories"></a>
<a name="index-directories_002c-hashing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HASH_DIRS</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Whenever a command name is hashed, hash the directory containing it,
as well as all directories that occur earlier in the path.
Has no effect if neither <tt>HASH_CMDS</tt> nor <tt>CORRECT</tt> is set.
</p>
<a name="index-HASH_005fEXECUTABLES_005fONLY"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHASH_005fEXECUTABLES_005fONLY"></a>
<a name="index-HASHEXECUTABLESONLY"></a>
<a name="index-NOHASHEXECUTABLESONLY"></a>
<a name="index-hashing_002c-of-executables"></a>
<a name="index-executables_002c-hashing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HASH_EXECUTABLES_ONLY</tt></dt>
<dd><p>When hashing commands because of <tt>HASH_COMMANDS</tt>, check that the
file to be hashed is actually an executable. This option
is unset by default as if the path contains a large number of commands,
or consists of many remote files, the additional tests can take
a long time. Trial and error is needed to show if this option is
beneficial.
</p>
<a name="index-MAIL_005fWARNING"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fMAIL_005fWARNING"></a>
<a name="index-MAILWARNING"></a>
<a name="index-NOMAILWARNING"></a>
<a name="index-mail_002c-warning-of-reading"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>MAIL_WARNING</tt> (<tt>-U</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Print a warning message if a mail file has been
accessed since the shell last checked.
</p>
<a name="index-PATH_005fDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPATH_005fDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-PATHDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-NOPATHDIRS"></a>
<a name="index-path-search_002c-extended"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PATH_DIRS</tt> (<tt>-Q</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Perform a path search even on command names with slashes in them.
Thus if ‘<tt>/usr/local/bin</tt>’ is in the user’s path, and he or she types
‘<tt>X11/xinit</tt>’, the command ‘<tt>/usr/local/bin/X11/xinit</tt>’ will be executed
(assuming it exists).
Commands explicitly beginning with ‘<tt>/</tt>’, ‘<tt>./</tt>’ or ‘<tt>../</tt>’
are not subject to the path search.
This also applies to the ‘<tt>.</tt>’ builtin.
</p>
<p>Note that subdirectories of the current directory are always searched for
executables specified in this form. This takes place before any search
indicated by this option, and regardless of whether ‘<tt>.</tt>’ or the current
directory appear in the command search path.
</p>
<a name="index-PATH_005fSCRIPT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPATH_005fSCRIPT"></a>
<a name="index-PATHSCRIPT"></a>
<a name="index-NOPATHSCRIPT"></a>
<a name="index-path-search_002c-for-script-argument-to-shell"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PATH_SCRIPT</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>If this option is not set, a script passed as the first non-option argument
to the shell must contain the name of the file to open. If this
option is set, and the script does not specify a directory path,
the script is looked for first in the current directory, then in the
command path. See
<a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">Invocation</a>.
</p>
<a name="index-PRINT_005fEIGHT_005fBIT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPRINT_005fEIGHT_005fBIT"></a>
<a name="index-PRINTEIGHTBIT"></a>
<a name="index-NOPRINTEIGHTBIT"></a>
<a name="index-eight-bit-characters_002c-printing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PRINT_EIGHT_BIT</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Print eight bit characters literally in completion lists, etc.
This option is not necessary if your system correctly returns the
printability of eight bit characters (see man page ctype(3)).
</p>
<a name="index-PRINT_005fEXIT_005fVALUE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPRINT_005fEXIT_005fVALUE"></a>
<a name="index-PRINTEXITVALUE"></a>
<a name="index-NOPRINTEXITVALUE"></a>
<a name="index-exit-status_002c-printing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PRINT_EXIT_VALUE</tt> (<tt>-1</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Print the exit value of programs with non-zero exit status.
</p>
<a name="index-RC_005fQUOTES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fRC_005fQUOTES"></a>
<a name="index-RCQUOTES"></a>
<a name="index-NORCQUOTES"></a>
<a name="index-rc_002c-quoting-style"></a>
<a name="index-quoting-style_002c-rc"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>RC_QUOTES</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Allow the character sequence ‘<tt>’’</tt>’ to signify a single quote
within singly quoted strings. Note this does not apply in quoted strings
using the format <tt>$’</tt><var>...</var><tt>’</tt>, where a backslashed single quote can
be used.
</p>
<a name="index-RM_005fSTAR_005fSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fRM_005fSTAR_005fSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-RMSTARSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-NORMSTARSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-rm-_002a_002c-querying-before"></a>
<a name="index-querying-before-rm-_002a"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>RM_STAR_SILENT</tt> (<tt>-H</tt>) <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Do not query the user before executing ‘<tt>rm *</tt>’ or ‘<tt>rm path/*</tt>’.
</p>
<a name="index-RM_005fSTAR_005fWAIT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fRM_005fSTAR_005fWAIT"></a>
<a name="index-RMSTARWAIT"></a>
<a name="index-NORMSTARWAIT"></a>
<a name="index-rm-_002a_002c-waiting-before"></a>
<a name="index-waiting-before-rm-_002a"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>RM_STAR_WAIT</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If querying the user before executing ‘<tt>rm *</tt>’ or ‘<tt>rm path/*</tt>’,
first wait ten seconds and ignore anything typed in that time.
This avoids the problem of reflexively answering ‘yes’ to the query
when one didn’t really mean it. The wait and query can always be
avoided by expanding the ‘<tt>*</tt>’ in ZLE (with tab).
</p>
<a name="index-SHORT_005fLOOPS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSHORT_005fLOOPS"></a>
<a name="index-SHORTLOOPS"></a>
<a name="index-NOSHORTLOOPS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SHORT_LOOPS</tt> <C> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Allow the short forms of <tt>for</tt>, <tt>repeat</tt>, <tt>select</tt>,
<tt>if</tt>, and <tt>function</tt> constructs.
</p>
<a name="index-SUN_005fKEYBOARD_005fHACK"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSUN_005fKEYBOARD_005fHACK"></a>
<a name="index-SUNKEYBOARDHACK"></a>
<a name="index-NOSUNKEYBOARDHACK"></a>
<a name="index-sun-keyboard_002c-annoying"></a>
<a name="index-annoying-keyboard_002c-sun"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SUN_KEYBOARD_HACK</tt> (<tt>-L</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>If a line ends with a backquote, and there are an odd number
of backquotes on the line, ignore the trailing backquote.
This is useful on some keyboards where the return key is
too small, and the backquote key lies annoyingly close to it.
As an alternative the variable <tt>KEYBOARD_HACK</tt> lets you choose the
character to be removed.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Job-Control"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Input_002fOutput" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Prompting" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.7 Job Control</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-AUTO_005fCONTINUE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fCONTINUE"></a>
<a name="index-AUTOCONTINUE"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTOCONTINUE"></a>
<a name="index-jobs_002c-continuing-automatically"></a>
<a name="index-continuing-jobs-automatically"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_CONTINUE</tt></dt>
<dd><p>With this option set, stopped jobs that are removed from the job table
with the <tt>disown</tt> builtin command are automatically sent a <tt>CONT</tt>
signal to make them running.
</p>
<a name="index-AUTO_005fRESUME"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fAUTO_005fRESUME"></a>
<a name="index-AUTORESUME"></a>
<a name="index-NOAUTORESUME"></a>
<a name="index-jobs_002c-resuming-automatically"></a>
<a name="index-resuming-jobs-automatically"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>AUTO_RESUME</tt> (<tt>-W</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Treat single word simple commands without redirection
as candidates for resumption of an existing job.
</p>
<a name="index-BG_005fNICE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBG_005fNICE"></a>
<a name="index-BGNICE"></a>
<a name="index-NOBGNICE"></a>
<a name="index-jobs_002c-background-priority"></a>
<a name="index-background-jobs_002c-priority-of"></a>
<a name="index-priority-of-background-jobs"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BG_NICE</tt> (<tt>-6</tt>) <C> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Run all background jobs at a lower priority. This option
is set by default.
</p>
<a name="index-CHECK_005fJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCHECK_005fJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-CHECKJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-NOCHECKJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-exiting_002c-checking-jobs-when"></a>
<a name="index-logging-out_002c-checking-jobs-when"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CHECK_JOBS</tt> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Report the status of background and suspended jobs before exiting a shell
with job control; a second attempt to exit the shell will succeed.
<tt>NO_CHECK_JOBS</tt> is best used only in combination with <tt>NO_HUP</tt>, else
such jobs will be killed automatically.
</p>
<p>The check is omitted if the commands run from the previous command line
included a ‘<tt>jobs</tt>’ command, since it is assumed the user is aware that
there are background or suspended jobs. A ‘<tt>jobs</tt>’ command run from one
of the hook functions defined in
the section Special Functions in <a href="Functions.html#Functions">Functions</a>
is not counted for this purpose.
</p>
<a name="index-HUP"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHUP"></a>
<a name="index-NOHUP"></a>
<a name="index-jobs_002c-HUP"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HUP</tt> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Send the <tt>HUP</tt> signal to running jobs when the
shell exits.
</p>
<a name="index-LONG_005fLIST_005fJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLONG_005fLIST_005fJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-LONGLISTJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-NOLONGLISTJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-jobs_002c-list-format"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LONG_LIST_JOBS</tt> (<tt>-R</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>List jobs in the long format by default.
</p>
<a name="index-MONITOR"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fMONITOR"></a>
<a name="index-NOMONITOR"></a>
<a name="index-job-control_002c-allowing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>MONITOR</tt> (<tt>-m</tt>, ksh: <tt>-m</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Allow job control. Set by default in interactive shells.
</p>
<a name="index-NOTIFY"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fNOTIFY"></a>
<a name="index-NONOTIFY"></a>
<a name="index-background-jobs_002c-notification"></a>
<a name="index-notification-of-background-jobs"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>NOTIFY</tt> (<tt>-5</tt>, ksh: <tt>-b</tt>) <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Report the status of background jobs immediately, rather than
waiting until just before printing a prompt.
</p>
<a name="index-POSIX_005fJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-POSIXJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPOSIX_005fJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-NOPOSIXJOBS"></a>
<a name="index-bg_002c-output-in-POSIX-format"></a>
<a name="index-fg_002c-output-in-POSIX-format"></a>
<a name="index-job-control_002c-in-subshell"></a>
<a name="index-jobs_002c-output-in-subshell"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>POSIX_JOBS</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>This option makes job control more compliant with the POSIX standard.
</p>
<p>When the option is not set, the <tt>MONITOR</tt> option is unset on entry to
subshells, so that job control is no longer active. When the option is
set, the <tt>MONITOR</tt> option and job control remain active in the
subshell, but note that the subshell has no access to jobs in the parent
shell.
</p>
<p>When the option is not set, jobs put in the background or foreground
with <tt>bg</tt> or <tt>fg</tt> are displayed with the same information that would
be reported by <tt>jobs</tt>. When the option is set, only the text is
printed. The output from <tt>jobs</tt> itself is not affected by the option.
</p>
<p>When the option is not set, job information from the parent
shell is saved for output within a subshell (for example, within a
pipeline). When the option is set, the output of <tt>jobs</tt> is empty
until a job is started within the subshell.
</p>
<p>When the option is set, it becomes possible to use the <tt>wait</tt> builtin to
wait for the last job started in the background (as given by <tt>$!</tt>) even
if that job has already exited. This works even if the option is turned
on temporarily around the use of the <tt>wait</tt> builtin.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Prompting"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Job-Control" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Scripts-and-Functions" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.8 Prompting</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-PROMPT_005fBANG"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPROMPT_005fBANG"></a>
<a name="index-PROMPTBANG"></a>
<a name="index-NOPROMPTBANG"></a>
<a name="index-prompt_002c-_0021-expansion"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PROMPT_BANG</tt> <K></dt>
<dd><p>If set, ‘<tt>!</tt>’ is treated specially in prompt expansion.
See
<a href="Prompt-Expansion.html#Prompt-Expansion">Prompt Expansion</a>.
</p>
<a name="index-PROMPT_005fCR"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPROMPT_005fCR"></a>
<a name="index-PROMPTCR"></a>
<a name="index-NOPROMPTCR"></a>
<a name="index-prompt_002c-with-CR"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PROMPT_CR</tt> (<tt>+V</tt>) <D></dt>
<dd><p>Print a carriage return just before printing
a prompt in the line editor. This is on by default as multi-line editing
is only possible if the editor knows where the start of the line appears.
</p>
<a name="index-PROMPT_005fSP"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPROMPT_005fSP"></a>
<a name="index-PROMPTSP"></a>
<a name="index-NOPROMPTSP"></a>
<a name="index-prompt_002c-save-partial-lines"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PROMPT_SP</tt> <D></dt>
<dd><p>Attempt to preserve a partial line (i.e. a line that did not end with a
newline) that would otherwise be covered up by the command prompt due to
the <tt>PROMPT_CR</tt> option. This works by outputting some cursor-control
characters, including a series of spaces, that should make the terminal
wrap to the next line when a partial line is present (note that this is
only successful if your terminal has automatic margins, which is typical).
</p>
<p>When a partial line is preserved, by default you will see an inverse+bold
character at the end of the partial line: a "%" for a normal user or
a "#" for root. If set, the shell parameter <tt>PROMPT_EOL_MARK</tt> can be
used to customize how the end of partial lines are shown.
</p>
<p>NOTE: if the <tt>PROMPT_CR</tt> option is not set, enabling this option will
have no effect. This option is on by default.
</p>
<a name="index-PROMPT_005fPERCENT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPROMPT_005fPERCENT"></a>
<a name="index-PROMPTPERCENT"></a>
<a name="index-NOPROMPTPERCENT"></a>
<a name="index-prompt_002c-_0025-expansion"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PROMPT_PERCENT</tt> <C> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>If set, ‘<tt>%</tt>’ is treated specially in prompt expansion.
See
<a href="Prompt-Expansion.html#Prompt-Expansion">Prompt Expansion</a>.
</p>
<a name="index-PROMPT_005fSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPROMPT_005fSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-PROMPTSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-NOPROMPTSUBST"></a>
<a name="index-prompt_002c-parameter-expansion"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PROMPT_SUBST</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>If set, <em>parameter expansion</em>, <em>command substitution</em> and
<em>arithmetic expansion</em> are performed in prompts. Substitutions
within prompts do not affect the command status.
</p>
<a name="index-TRANSIENT_005fRPROMPT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fTRANSIENT_005fRPROMPT"></a>
<a name="index-TRANSIENTRPROMPT"></a>
<a name="index-NOTRANSIENTRPROMPT"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>TRANSIENT_RPROMPT</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Remove any right prompt from display when accepting a command
line. This may be useful with terminals with other cut/paste methods.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Scripts-and-Functions"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Prompting" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Shell-Emulation" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.9 Scripts and Functions</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-C_005fBASES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fC_005fBASES"></a>
<a name="index-CBASES"></a>
<a name="index-NOCBASES"></a>
<a name="index-bases_002c-output-in-C-format"></a>
<a name="index-hexadecimal_002c-output-in-C-format"></a>
<a name="index-octal_002c-output-in-C-format"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>C_BASES</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Output hexadecimal numbers in the standard C format, for example ‘<tt>0xFF</tt>’
instead of the usual ‘<tt>16#FF</tt>’. If the option <tt>OCTAL_ZEROES</tt> is also
set (it is not by default), octal numbers will be treated similarly and
hence appear as ‘<tt>077</tt>’ instead of ‘<tt>8#77</tt>’. This option has no effect
on the choice of the output base, nor on the output of bases other than
hexadecimal and octal. Note that these formats will be understood on input
irrespective of the setting of <tt>C_BASES</tt>.
</p>
<a name="index-C_005fPRECEDENCES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fC_005fPRECEDENCES"></a>
<a name="index-CPRECEDENCES"></a>
<a name="index-NOCPRECEDENCES"></a>
<a name="index-precedence_002c-operator"></a>
<a name="index-operator-precedence"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>C_PRECEDENCES</tt></dt>
<dd><p>This alters the precedence of arithmetic operators to be more
like C and other programming languages;
Arithmetic Evaluation
has an explicit list.
</p>
<a name="index-DEBUG_005fBEFORE_005fCMD-_003cD_003e"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fDEBUG_005fBEFORE_005fCMD-_003cD_003e"></a>
<a name="index-DEBUGBEFORECMD-_003cD_003e"></a>
<a name="index-NODEBUGBEFORECMD-_003cD_003e"></a>
<a name="index-traps_002c-DEBUG_002c-before-or-after-command"></a>
<a name="index-DEBUG-trap_002c-before-or-after-command"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>DEBUG_BEFORE_CMD</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Run the <tt>DEBUG</tt> trap before each command; otherwise it is run after
each command. Setting this option mimics the behaviour of ksh 93; with
the option unset the behaviour is that of ksh 88.
</p>
<a name="index-ERR_005fEXIT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fERR_005fEXIT"></a>
<a name="index-ERREXIT"></a>
<a name="index-NOERREXIT"></a>
<a name="index-exit-status_002c-trapping"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>ERR_EXIT</tt> (<tt>-e</tt>, ksh: <tt>-e</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>If a command has a non-zero exit status, execute the <tt>ZERR</tt>
trap, if set, and exit. This is disabled while running initialization
scripts.
</p>
<p>The behaviour is also disabled inside <tt>DEBUG</tt> traps. In this
case the option is handled specially: it is unset on entry to
the trap. If the option <tt>DEBUG_BEFORE_CMD</tt> is set,
as it is by default, and the option <tt>ERR_EXIT</tt> is found to have been set
on exit, then the command for which the <tt>DEBUG</tt> trap is being executed is
skipped. The option is restored after the trap exits.
</p>
<a name="index-ERR_005fRETURN"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fERR_005fRETURN"></a>
<a name="index-ERRRETURN"></a>
<a name="index-NOERRRETURN"></a>
<a name="index-function-return_002c-on-error"></a>
<a name="index-return-from-function_002c-on-error"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>ERR_RETURN</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If a command has a non-zero exit status, return immediately from the
enclosing function. The logic is identical to that for <tt>ERR_EXIT</tt>,
except that an implicit <tt>return</tt> statement is executed instead of an
<tt>exit</tt>. This will trigger an exit at the outermost level of a
non-interactive script.
</p>
<a name="index-EVAL_005fLINENO"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fEVAL_005fLINENO"></a>
<a name="index-EVALLINENO"></a>
<a name="index-NOEVALLINENO"></a>
<a name="index-line-number_002c-in-evaluated-expression"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>EVAL_LINENO</tt> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>If set, line numbers of expressions evaluated using the builtin <tt>eval</tt>
are tracked separately of the enclosing environment. This applies both
to the parameter <tt>LINENO</tt> and the line number output by the prompt
escape <tt>%i</tt>. If the option is set, the prompt escape <tt>%N</tt> will output
the string ‘<tt>(eval)</tt>’ instead of the script or function name as an
indication. (The two prompt escapes are typically used in the parameter
<tt>PS4</tt> to be output when the option <tt>XTRACE</tt> is set.) If
<tt>EVAL_LINENO</tt> is unset, the line number of the surrounding script or
function is retained during the evaluation.
</p>
<a name="index-EXEC"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fEXEC"></a>
<a name="index-NOEXEC"></a>
<a name="index-command-execution_002c-enabling"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>EXEC</tt> (<tt>+n</tt>, ksh: <tt>+n</tt>) <D></dt>
<dd><p>Do execute commands. Without this option, commands are
read and checked for syntax errors, but not executed.
This option cannot be turned off in an interactive shell,
except when ‘<tt>-n</tt>’ is supplied to the shell at startup.
</p>
<a name="index-FUNCTION_005fARGZERO"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fFUNCTION_005fARGZERO"></a>
<a name="index-FUNCTIONARGZERO"></a>
<a name="index-NOFUNCTIONARGZERO"></a>
<a name="index-_00240_002c-setting"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>FUNCTION_ARGZERO</tt> <C> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>When executing a shell function or sourcing a script, set <tt>$0</tt>
temporarily to the name of the function/script.
</p>
<a name="index-LOCAL_005fOPTIONS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLOCAL_005fOPTIONS"></a>
<a name="index-LOCALOPTIONS"></a>
<a name="index-NOLOCALOPTIONS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LOCAL_OPTIONS</tt> <K></dt>
<dd><p>If this option is set at the point of return from a shell function,
most options (including this one) which were in force upon entry to
the function are restored; options that are not restored are
<tt>PRIVILEGED</tt> and <tt>RESTRICTED</tt>. Otherwise, only this option and the
<tt>XTRACE</tt> and <tt>PRINT_EXIT_VALUE</tt> options are restored. Hence
if this is explicitly unset by a shell function the other options in
force at the point of return will remain so.
A shell function can also guarantee itself a known shell configuration
with a formulation like ‘<tt>emulate -L zsh</tt>’; the <tt>-L</tt> activates
<tt>LOCAL_OPTIONS</tt>.
</p>
<a name="index-LOCAL_005fTRAPS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLOCAL_005fTRAPS"></a>
<a name="index-LOCALTRAPS"></a>
<a name="index-NOLOCALTRAPS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LOCAL_TRAPS</tt> <K></dt>
<dd><p>If this option is set when a signal trap is set inside a function, then the
previous status of the trap for that signal will be restored when the
function exits. Note that this option must be set <em>prior</em> to altering the
trap behaviour in a function; unlike <tt>LOCAL_OPTIONS</tt>, the value on exit
from the function is irrelevant. However, it does not need to be set
before any global trap for that to be correctly restored by a function.
For example,
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">unsetopt localtraps
trap - INT
fn() { setopt localtraps; trap '' INT; sleep 3; }
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>will restore normal handling of <tt>SIGINT</tt> after the function exits.
</p>
<a name="index-MULTI_005fFUNC_005fDEF"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fMULTI_005fFUNC_005fDEF"></a>
<a name="index-MULTIFUNCDEF"></a>
<a name="index-NOMULTIFUNCDEF"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>MULTI_FUNC_DEF</tt> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Allow definitions of multiple functions at once in the form ‘<tt>fn1
fn2</tt><var>...</var><tt>()</tt>’; if the option is not set, this causes
a parse error. Definition of multiple functions with the <tt>function</tt>
keyword is always allowed. Multiple function definitions are not often
used and can cause obscure errors.
</p>
<a name="index-MULTIOS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fMULTIOS"></a>
<a name="index-NOMULTIOS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>MULTIOS</tt> <Z></dt>
<dd><p>Perform implicit <cite>tee</cite>s or <cite>cat</cite>s when multiple
redirections are attempted (see <a href="Redirection.html#Redirection">Redirection</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-OCTAL_005fZEROES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fOCTAL_005fZEROES"></a>
<a name="index-OCTALZEROES"></a>
<a name="index-NOOCTALZEROES"></a>
<a name="index-octal_002c-arithmetic-expressions"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>OCTAL_ZEROES</tt> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Interpret any integer constant beginning with a 0 as octal, per IEEE Std
1003.2-1992 (ISO 9945-2:1993). This is not enabled by default as it
causes problems with parsing of, for example, date and time strings with
leading zeroes.
</p>
<p>Sequences of digits indicating a numeric base such as the ‘<tt>08</tt>’
component in ‘<tt>08#77</tt>’ are always interpreted as decimal, regardless
of leading zeroes.
</p>
<a name="index-SOURCE_005fTRACE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSOURCE_005fTRACE"></a>
<a name="index-SOURCETRACE"></a>
<a name="index-NOSOURCETRACE"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SOURCE_TRACE</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If set, zsh will print an informational message announcing the name of
each file it loads. The format of the output is similar to that
for the <tt>XTRACE</tt> option, with the message <tt><sourcetrace></tt>.
A file may be loaded by the shell itself when it
starts up and shuts down (<tt>Startup/Shutdown Files</tt>) or by the use of
the ‘<tt>source</tt>’ and ‘<tt>dot</tt>’ builtin commands.
</p>
<a name="index-TYPESET_005fSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fTYPESET_005fSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-TYPESETSILENT"></a>
<a name="index-NOTYPESETSILENT"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>TYPESET_SILENT</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If this is unset, executing any of the ‘<tt>typeset</tt>’ family of
commands with no options and a list of parameters that have no values
to be assigned but already exist will display the value of the parameter.
If the option is set, they will only be shown when parameters are selected
with the ‘<tt>-m</tt>’ option. The option ‘<tt>-p</tt>’ is available whether or not
the option is set.
</p>
<a name="index-VERBOSE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fVERBOSE"></a>
<a name="index-NOVERBOSE"></a>
<a name="index-tracing_002c-of-input-lines"></a>
<a name="index-input_002c-tracing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>VERBOSE</tt> (<tt>-v</tt>, ksh: <tt>-v</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Print shell input lines as they are read.
</p>
<a name="index-XTRACE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fXTRACE"></a>
<a name="index-NOXTRACE"></a>
<a name="index-tracing_002c-of-commands"></a>
<a name="index-commands_002c-tracing"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>XTRACE</tt> (<tt>-x</tt>, ksh: <tt>-x</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Print commands and their arguments as they are executed. The
output is proceded by the value of <tt>$PS4</tt>, formatted as described
in
<a href="Prompt-Expansion.html#Prompt-Expansion">Prompt Expansion</a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Shell-Emulation"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Scripts-and-Functions" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Shell-State" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.10 Shell Emulation</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-BASH_005fREMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBASH_005fREMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-BASHREMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-NOBASHREMATCH"></a>
<a name="index-bash_002c-BASH_005fREMATCH-variable"></a>
<a name="index-regexp_002c-bash-BASH_005fREMATCH-variable"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BASH_REMATCH</tt></dt>
<dd><p>When set, matches performed with the <tt>=~</tt> operator will set the
<tt>BASH_REMATCH</tt> array variable, instead of the default <tt>MATCH</tt> and
<tt>match</tt> variables. The first element of the <tt>BASH_REMATCH</tt> array
will contain the entire matched text and subsequent elements will contain
extracted substrings. This option makes more sense when <tt>KSH_ARRAYS</tt> is
also set, so that the entire matched portion is stored at index 0 and the
first substring is at index 1. Without this option, the <tt>MATCH</tt> variable
contains the entire matched text and the <tt>match</tt> array variable contains
substrings.
</p>
<a name="index-BSD_005fECHO"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBSD_005fECHO"></a>
<a name="index-BSDECHO"></a>
<a name="index-NOBSDECHO"></a>
<a name="index-echo_002c-BSD-compatible"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BSD_ECHO</tt> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Make the <tt>echo</tt> builtin compatible with the BSD man page echo(1) command.
This disables backslashed escape sequences in echo strings unless the
<tt>-e</tt> option is specified.
</p>
<a name="index-CONTINUE_005fON_005fERROR"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCONTINUE_005fON_005fERROR"></a>
<a name="index-CONTINUEONERROR"></a>
<a name="index-NOCONTINUEONERROR"></a>
<a name="index-error_002c-option-to-continue-script-on"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CONTINUE_ON_ERROR</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If a fatal error is encountered (see
<a href="Shell-Grammar.html#Errors">Errors</a>), and the code is running
in a script, the shell will resume execution at the next statement
in the script at the top level, in other words outside all functions
or shell constructs such as loops and conditions. This mimics the
behaviour of interactive shells, where the shell returns to the
line editor to read a new command; it was the normal behaviour in versions
of zsh before 5.0.1.
</p>
<a name="index-CSH_005fJUNKIE_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCSH_005fJUNKIE_005fHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-CSHJUNKIEHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-NOCSHJUNKIEHISTORY"></a>
<a name="index-csh_002c-history-style"></a>
<a name="index-history-style_002c-csh"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CSH_JUNKIE_HISTORY</tt> <C></dt>
<dd><p>A history reference without an event specifier will always refer to the
previous command. Without this option, such a history reference refers
to the same event as the previous history reference, defaulting to the
previous command.
</p>
<a name="index-CSH_005fJUNKIE_005fLOOPS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCSH_005fJUNKIE_005fLOOPS"></a>
<a name="index-CSHJUNKIELOOPS"></a>
<a name="index-NOCSHJUNKIELOOPS"></a>
<a name="index-csh_002c-loop-style"></a>
<a name="index-loop-style_002c-csh"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CSH_JUNKIE_LOOPS</tt> <C></dt>
<dd><p>Allow loop bodies to take the form ‘<var>list</var>; <tt>end</tt>’ instead of
‘<tt>do</tt> <var>list</var>; <tt>done</tt>’.
</p>
<a name="index-CSH_005fJUNKIE_005fQUOTES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCSH_005fJUNKIE_005fQUOTES"></a>
<a name="index-CSHJUNKIEQUOTES"></a>
<a name="index-NOCSHJUNKIEQUOTES"></a>
<a name="index-csh_002c-quoting-style"></a>
<a name="index-quoting-style_002c-csh"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CSH_JUNKIE_QUOTES</tt> <C></dt>
<dd><p>Changes the rules for single- and double-quoted text to match that of
<cite>csh</cite>. These require that embedded newlines be preceded by a backslash;
unescaped newlines will cause an error message.
In double-quoted strings, it is made impossible to escape ‘<tt>$</tt>’, ‘<tt>‘</tt>’
or ‘<tt>"</tt>’ (and ‘<tt>\</tt>’ itself no longer needs escaping).
Command substitutions are only expanded once, and cannot be nested.
</p>
<a name="index-CSH_005fNULLCMD"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCSH_005fNULLCMD"></a>
<a name="index-CSHNULLCMD"></a>
<a name="index-NOCSHNULLCMD"></a>
<a name="index-NULLCMD_002c-ignoring"></a>
<a name="index-READNULLCMD_002c-ignoring"></a>
<a name="index-redirections-with-no-command_002c-csh"></a>
<a name="index-csh_002c-redirections-with-no-command"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>CSH_NULLCMD</tt> <C></dt>
<dd><p>Do not use the values of <tt>NULLCMD</tt> and <tt>READNULLCMD</tt>
when running redirections with no command. This make
such redirections fail (see <a href="Redirection.html#Redirection">Redirection</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-KSH_005fARRAYS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fKSH_005fARRAYS"></a>
<a name="index-KSHARRAYS"></a>
<a name="index-NOKSHARRAYS"></a>
<a name="index-arrays_002c-ksh-style"></a>
<a name="index-array-style_002c-ksh"></a>
<a name="index-ksh_002c-array-style"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>KSH_ARRAYS</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Emulate <cite>ksh</cite> array handling as closely as possible. If this option
is set, array elements are numbered from zero, an array parameter
without subscript refers to the first element instead of the whole array,
and braces are required to delimit a subscript (‘<tt>${path[2]}</tt>’ rather
than just ‘<tt>$path[2]</tt>’).
</p>
<a name="index-KSH_005fAUTOLOAD"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fKSH_005fAUTOLOAD"></a>
<a name="index-KSHAUTOLOAD"></a>
<a name="index-NOKSHAUTOLOAD"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>KSH_AUTOLOAD</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Emulate <cite>ksh</cite> function autoloading. This means that when a function is
autoloaded, the corresponding file is merely executed, and must define
the function itself. (By default, the function is defined to the contents
of the file. However, the most common <cite>ksh</cite>-style case - of the file
containing only a simple definition of the function - is always handled
in the <cite>ksh</cite>-compatible manner.)
</p>
<a name="index-KSH_005fOPTION_005fPRINT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fKSH_005fOPTION_005fPRINT"></a>
<a name="index-KSHOPTIONPRINT"></a>
<a name="index-NOKSHOPTIONPRINT"></a>
<a name="index-option-printing_002c-ksh-style"></a>
<a name="index-option-printing-style_002c-ksh"></a>
<a name="index-ksh_002c-option-printing-style"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>KSH_OPTION_PRINT</tt> <K></dt>
<dd><p>Alters the way options settings are printed: instead of separate lists of
set and unset options, all options are shown, marked ‘on’ if
they are in the non-default state, ‘off’ otherwise.
</p>
<a name="index-KSH_005fTYPESET"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fKSH_005fTYPESET"></a>
<a name="index-KSHTYPESET"></a>
<a name="index-NOKSHTYPESET"></a>
<a name="index-argument-splitting_002c-in-typeset-etc_002e"></a>
<a name="index-ksh_002c-argument-splitting-in-typeset"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>KSH_TYPESET</tt> <K></dt>
<dd><p>Alters the way arguments to the <tt>typeset</tt> family of commands, including
<tt>declare</tt>, <tt>export</tt>, <tt>float</tt>, <tt>integer</tt>, <tt>local</tt> and
<tt>readonly</tt>, are processed. Without this option, zsh will perform normal
word splitting after command and parameter expansion in arguments of an
assignment; with it, word splitting does not take place in those cases.
</p>
<a name="index-KSH_005fZERO_005fSUBSCRIPT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fKSH_005fZERO_005fSUBSCRIPT"></a>
<a name="index-KSHZEROSUBSCRIPT"></a>
<a name="index-NOKSHZEROSUBSCRIPT"></a>
<a name="index-arrays_002c-behaviour-of-index-zero"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>KSH_ZERO_SUBSCRIPT</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Treat use of a subscript of value zero in array or string expressions as a
reference to the first element, i.e. the element that usually has the
subscript 1. Ignored if <tt>KSH_ARRAYS</tt> is also set.
</p>
<p>If neither this option nor <tt>KSH_ARRAYS</tt> is set, accesses to an element of
an array or string with subscript zero return an empty element or string,
while attempts to set element zero of an array or string are treated as an
error. However, attempts to set an otherwise valid subscript range that
includes zero will succeed. For example, if <tt>KSH_ZERO_SUBSCRIPT</tt> is not
set,
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">array[0]=(element)
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>is an error, while
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">array[0,1]=(element)
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>is not and will replace the first element of the array.
</p>
<p>This option is for compatibility with older versions of the shell and
is not recommended in new code.
</p>
<a name="index-POSIX_005fALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPOSIX_005fALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-POSIXALIASES"></a>
<a name="index-NOPOSIXALIASES"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>POSIX_ALIASES</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>When this option is set, reserved words are not candidates for
alias expansion: it is still possible to declare any of them as an alias,
but the alias will never be expanded. Reserved words are described in
<a href="Shell-Grammar.html#Reserved-Words">Reserved Words</a>.
</p>
<p>Alias expansion takes place while text is being read; hence when this
option is set it does not take effect until the end of any function or
other piece of shell code parsed as one unit. Note this may
cause differences from other shells even when the option is in
effect. For example, when running a command with ‘<tt>zsh -c</tt>’,
or even ‘<tt>zsh -o posixaliases -c</tt>’, the entire command argument is parsed
as one unit, so aliases defined within the argument are not available even
in later lines. If in doubt, avoid use of aliases in non-interactive
code.
</p>
<a name="index-POSIX_005fBUILTINS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPOSIX_005fBUILTINS"></a>
<a name="index-POSIXBUILTINS"></a>
<a name="index-NOPOSIXBUILTINS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>POSIX_BUILTINS</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>When this option is set the <tt>command</tt> builtin can be used to execute
shell builtin commands. Parameter assignments specified before shell
functions and special builtins are kept after the command completes unless
the special builtin is prefixed with the <tt>command</tt> builtin. Special
builtins are
<tt>.</tt>,
<tt>:</tt>,
<tt>break</tt>,
<tt>continue</tt>,
<tt>declare</tt>,
<tt>eval</tt>,
<tt>exit</tt>,
<tt>export</tt>,
<tt>integer</tt>,
<tt>local</tt>,
<tt>readonly</tt>,
<tt>return</tt>,
<tt>set</tt>,
<tt>shift</tt>,
<tt>source</tt>,
<tt>times</tt>,
<tt>trap</tt> and
<tt>unset</tt>.
</p>
<p>In addition, various error conditions associated with the above builtins
or <tt>exec</tt> cause a non-interactive shell to exit and an interactive
shell to return to its top-level processing.
</p>
<a name="index-POSIX_005fIDENTIFIERS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPOSIX_005fIDENTIFIERS"></a>
<a name="index-POSIXIDENTIFIERS"></a>
<a name="index-NOPOSIXIDENTIFIERS"></a>
<a name="index-identifiers_002c-non_002dportable-characters-in"></a>
<a name="index-parameter-names_002c-non_002dportable-characters-in"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>POSIX_IDENTIFIERS</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>When this option is set, only the ASCII characters <tt>a</tt> to <tt>z</tt>, <tt>A</tt> to
<tt>Z</tt>, <tt>0</tt> to <tt>9</tt> and <tt>_</tt> may be used in identifiers (names
of shell parameters and modules).
</p>
<p>When the option is unset and multibyte character support is enabled (i.e. it
is compiled in and the option <tt>MULTIBYTE</tt> is set), then additionally any
alphanumeric characters in the local character set may be used in
identifiers. Note that scripts and functions written with this feature are
not portable, and also that both options must be set before the script
or function is parsed; setting them during execution is not sufficient
as the syntax <var>variable</var><tt>=</tt><var>value</var> has already been parsed as
a command rather than an assignment.
</p>
<p>If multibyte character support is not compiled into the shell this option is
ignored; all octets with the top bit set may be used in identifiers.
This is non-standard but is the traditional zsh behaviour.
</p>
<a name="index-POSIX_005fSTRINGS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPOSIX_005fSTRINGS"></a>
<a name="index-POSIXSTRINGS"></a>
<a name="index-NOPOSIXSTRINGS"></a>
<a name="index-discarding-embedded-nulls-in-_0024_0027_002e_002e_002e_0027"></a>
<a name="index-embedded-nulls_002c-in-_0024_0027_002e_002e_002e_0027"></a>
<a name="index-nulls_002c-embedded-in-_0024_0027_002e_002e_002e_0027"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>POSIX_STRINGS</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>This option affects processing of quoted strings. Currently it only
affects the behaviour of null characters, i.e. character 0 in the
portable character set corresponding to US ASCII.
</p>
<p>When this option is not set, null characters embedded within strings
of the form <tt>$’</tt><var>...</var><tt>’</tt> are treated as ordinary characters. The
entire string is maintained within the shell and output to files where
necessary, although owing to restrictions of the library interface
the string is truncated at the null character in file names, environment
variables, or in arguments to external programs.
</p>
<p>When this option is set, the <tt>$’</tt><var>...</var><tt>’</tt> expression is truncated at
the null character. Note that remaining parts of the same string
beyond the termination of the quotes are not trunctated.
</p>
<p>For example, the command line argument <tt>a$’b\0c’d</tt> is treated with
the option off as the characters <tt>a</tt>, <tt>b</tt>, null, <tt>c</tt>, <tt>d</tt>,
and with the option on as the characters <tt>a</tt>, <tt>b</tt>, <tt>d</tt>.
</p>
<a name="index-POSIX_005fTRAPS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPOSIX_005fTRAPS"></a>
<a name="index-POSIXTRAPS"></a>
<a name="index-NOPOSIXTRAPS"></a>
<a name="index-traps_002c-on-function-exit"></a>
<a name="index-traps_002c-POSIX-compatibility"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>POSIX_TRAPS</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>When the is option is set, the usual zsh behaviour of executing
traps for <tt>EXIT</tt> on exit from shell functions is suppressed.
In that case, manipulating <tt>EXIT</tt> traps always alters the global
trap for exiting the shell; the <tt>LOCAL_TRAPS</tt> option is
ignored for the <tt>EXIT</tt> trap.
</p>
<a name="index-SH_005fFILE_005fEXPANSION"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSH_005fFILE_005fEXPANSION"></a>
<a name="index-SHFILEEXPANSION"></a>
<a name="index-NOSHFILEEXPANSION"></a>
<a name="index-sh_002c-expansion-style"></a>
<a name="index-expansion-style_002c-sh"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SH_FILE_EXPANSION</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Perform filename expansion (e.g., ~ expansion) <em>before</em>
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion
and brace expansion.
If this option is unset, it is performed <em>after</em>
brace expansion, so things like ‘<tt>~$USERNAME</tt>’ and
‘<tt>~{pfalstad,rc}</tt>’ will work.
</p>
<a name="index-SH_005fNULLCMD"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSH_005fNULLCMD"></a>
<a name="index-SHNULLCMD"></a>
<a name="index-NOSHNULLCMD"></a>
<a name="index-NULLCMD_002c-ignoring-1"></a>
<a name="index-READNULLCMD_002c-ignoring-1"></a>
<a name="index-sh_002c-redirections-with-no-command"></a>
<a name="index-ksh_002c-redirections-with-no-command"></a>
<a name="index-redirections-with-no-command_002c-sh"></a>
<a name="index-redirections-with-no-command_002c-ksh"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SH_NULLCMD</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Do not use the values of <tt>NULLCMD</tt> and <tt>READNULLCMD</tt>
when doing redirections, use ‘<tt>:</tt>’ instead (see <a href="Redirection.html#Redirection">Redirection</a>).
</p>
<a name="index-SH_005fOPTION_005fLETTERS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSH_005fOPTION_005fLETTERS"></a>
<a name="index-SHOPTIONLETTERS"></a>
<a name="index-NOSHOPTIONLETTERS"></a>
<a name="index-sh_002c-single-letter-options-style"></a>
<a name="index-ksh_002c-single-letter-options-style"></a>
<a name="index-single-letter-options_002c-ksh-style"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-single-letter_002c-ksh-style"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SH_OPTION_LETTERS</tt> <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>If this option is set the shell tries to interpret single letter options
(which are used with <tt>set</tt> and <tt>setopt</tt>) like <cite>ksh</cite> does.
This also affects the value of the <tt>-</tt> special parameter.
</p>
<a name="index-SH_005fWORD_005fSPLIT"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSH_005fWORD_005fSPLIT"></a>
<a name="index-SHWORDSPLIT"></a>
<a name="index-NOSHWORDSPLIT"></a>
<a name="index-field-splitting_002c-sh-style"></a>
<a name="index-sh_002c-field-splitting-style"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SH_WORD_SPLIT</tt> (<tt>-y</tt>) <K> <S></dt>
<dd><p>Causes field splitting to be performed on unquoted parameter expansions.
Note that this option has nothing to do with word splitting.
(See <a href="Expansion.html#Parameter-Expansion">Parameter Expansion</a>.)
</p>
<a name="index-TRAPS_005fASYNC"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fTRAPS_005fASYNC"></a>
<a name="index-TRAPSASYNC"></a>
<a name="index-NOTRAPSASYNC"></a>
<a name="index-traps_002c-asynchronous"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>TRAPS_ASYNC</tt></dt>
<dd><p>While waiting for a program to exit, handle signals and run traps
immediately. Otherwise the trap is run after a child process has exited.
Note this does not affect the point at which traps are run for any case
other than when the shell is waiting for a child process.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Shell-State"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Shell-Emulation" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Zle" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.11 Shell State</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-INTERACTIVE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fINTERACTIVE"></a>
<a name="index-NOINTERACTIVE"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>INTERACTIVE</tt> (<tt>-i</tt>, ksh: <tt>-i</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>This is an interactive shell. This option is set upon initialisation if
the standard input is a tty and commands are being read from standard input.
(See the discussion of <tt>SHIN_STDIN</tt>.)
This heuristic may be overridden by specifying a state for this option
on the command line.
The value of this option can only be changed via flags supplied at
invocation of the shell.
It cannot be changed once zsh is running.
</p>
<a name="index-LOGIN"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLOGIN"></a>
<a name="index-NOLOGIN"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LOGIN</tt> (<tt>-l</tt>, ksh: <tt>-l</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>This is a login shell.
If this option is not explicitly set, the shell becomes a login shell if
the first character of the <tt>argv[0]</tt> passed to the shell is a ‘<tt>-</tt>’.
</p>
<a name="index-PRIVILEGED"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPRIVILEGED"></a>
<a name="index-NOPRIVILEGED"></a>
<a name="index-privileged-mode"></a>
<a name="index-mode_002c-privileged"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PRIVILEGED</tt> (<tt>-p</tt>, ksh: <tt>-p</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Turn on privileged mode. This is enabled automatically on startup if the
effective user (group) ID is not equal to the real user (group) ID. Turning
this option off causes the effective user and group IDs to be set to the
real user and group IDs. This option disables sourcing user startup files.
If zsh is invoked as ‘<tt>sh</tt>’ or ‘<tt>ksh</tt>’ with this option set,
<tt>/etc/suid_profile</tt> is sourced (after <tt>/etc/profile</tt> on interactive
shells). Sourcing <tt>~/.profile</tt> is disabled and the contents of the
<tt>ENV</tt> variable is ignored. This option cannot be changed using the
<tt>-m</tt> option of <tt>setopt</tt> and <tt>unsetopt</tt>, and changing it inside a
function always changes it globally regardless of the <tt>LOCAL_OPTIONS</tt>
option.
</p>
<a name="index-RESTRICTED-1"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fRESTRICTED"></a>
<a name="index-NORESTRICTED"></a>
<a name="index-restricted-shell-1"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>RESTRICTED</tt> (<tt>-r</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Enables restricted mode. This option cannot be changed using
<tt>unsetopt</tt>, and setting it inside a function always changes it
globally regardless of the <tt>LOCAL_OPTIONS</tt> option. See
<a href="Invocation.html#Restricted-Shell">Restricted Shell</a>.
</p>
<a name="index-SHIN_005fSTDIN"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSHIN_005fSTDIN"></a>
<a name="index-SHINSTDIN"></a>
<a name="index-NOSHINSTDIN"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SHIN_STDIN</tt> (<tt>-s</tt>, ksh: <tt>-s</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Commands are being read from the standard input.
Commands are read from standard input if no command is specified with
<tt>-c</tt> and no file of commands is specified. If <tt>SHIN_STDIN</tt>
is set explicitly on the command line,
any argument that would otherwise have been
taken as a file to run will instead be treated as a normal positional
parameter.
Note that setting or unsetting this option on the command line does not
necessarily affect the state the option will have while the shell is
running - that is purely an indicator of whether on not commands are
<em>actually</em> being read from standard input.
The value of this option can only be changed via flags supplied at
invocation of the shell.
It cannot be changed once zsh is running.
</p>
<a name="index-SINGLE_005fCOMMAND"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSINGLE_005fCOMMAND"></a>
<a name="index-SINGLECOMMAND"></a>
<a name="index-NOSINGLECOMMAND"></a>
<a name="index-single-command"></a>
<a name="index-INTERACTIVE_002c-use-of"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SINGLE_COMMAND</tt> (<tt>-t</tt>, ksh: <tt>-t</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>If the shell is reading from standard input, it exits after a single command
has been executed. This also makes the shell non-interactive, unless the
<tt>INTERACTIVE</tt> option is explicitly set on the command line.
The value of this option can only be changed via flags supplied at
invocation of the shell.
It cannot be changed once zsh is running.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Zle"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Shell-State" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Option-Aliases" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Description-of-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.2.12 Zle</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-BEEP"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-NOBEEP"></a>
<a name="index-beep_002c-enabling"></a>
<a name="index-enabling-the-beep"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BEEP</tt> (<tt>+B</tt>) <D></dt>
<dd><p>Beep on error in ZLE.
</p>
<a name="index-COMBINING_005fCHARS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fCOMBINING_005fCHARS"></a>
<a name="index-COMBININGCHARS"></a>
<a name="index-NOCOMBININGCHARS"></a>
<a name="index-characters_002c-_0028Unicode_0029-combining"></a>
<a name="index-combining-characters-_0028Unicode_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Unicode-combining-characters"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>COMBINING_CHARS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Assume that the terminal displays combining characters correctly.
Specifically, if a base alphanumeric character is followed by one or more
zero-width punctuation characters, assume that the zero-width characters
will be displayed as modifications to the base character within the
same width. Not all terminals handle this. If this option is not
set, zero-width characters are displayed separately with special
mark-up.
</p>
<p>If this option is set, the pattern test <tt>[[:WORD:]]</tt> matches a
zero-width punctuation character on the assumption that it will be
used as part of a word in combination with a word character.
Otherwise the base shell does not handle combining characters specially.
</p>
<a name="index-EMACS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fEMACS"></a>
<a name="index-NOEMACS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>EMACS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If ZLE is loaded, turning on this option has the equivalent effect
of ‘<tt>bindkey -e</tt>’. In addition, the VI option is unset.
Turning it off has no effect. The option setting is
not guaranteed to reflect the current keymap. This option is
provided for compatibility; <tt>bindkey</tt> is the recommended interface.
</p>
<a name="index-OVERSTRIKE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fOVERSTRIKE"></a>
<a name="index-NOOVERSTRIKE"></a>
<a name="index-editor_002c-overstrike-mode"></a>
<a name="index-overstrike-mode_002c-of-editor"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>OVERSTRIKE</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Start up the line editor in overstrike mode.
</p>
<a name="index-SINGLE_005fLINE_005fZLE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSINGLE_005fLINE_005fZLE"></a>
<a name="index-SINGLELINEZLE"></a>
<a name="index-NOSINGLELINEZLE"></a>
<a name="index-editor_002c-single-line-mode"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>SINGLE_LINE_ZLE</tt> (<tt>-M</tt>) <K></dt>
<dd><p>Use single-line command line editing instead of multi-line.
</p>
<p>Note that although this is on by default in ksh emulation it only
provides superficial compatibility with the ksh line editor and
reduces the effectiveness of the zsh line editor. As it has no
effect on shell syntax, many users may wish to disable this option
when using ksh emulation interactively.
</p>
<a name="index-VI"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fVI"></a>
<a name="index-NOVI"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>VI</tt></dt>
<dd><p>If ZLE is loaded, turning on this option has the equivalent effect
of ‘<tt>bindkey -v</tt>’. In addition, the EMACS option is unset.
Turning it off has no effect. The option setting is
not guaranteed to reflect the current keymap. This option is
provided for compatibility; <tt>bindkey</tt> is the recommended interface.
</p>
<a name="index-ZLE"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fZLE"></a>
<a name="index-NOZLE"></a>
<a name="index-editor_002c-enabling"></a>
<a name="index-enabling-the-editor"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>ZLE</tt> (<tt>-Z</tt>)</dt>
<dd><p>Use the zsh line editor. Set by default in interactive shells connected to
a terminal.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Option-Aliases"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Zle" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Single-Letter-Options" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<a name="Option-Aliases-1"></a>
<h2 class="section">16.3 Option Aliases</h2>
<a name="index-options_002c-aliases"></a>
<p>Some options have alternative names. These aliases are never used for
output, but can be used just like normal option names when specifying
options to the shell.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="index-BRACE_005fEXPAND"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fBRACE_005fEXPAND"></a>
<a name="index-BRACEEXPAND"></a>
<a name="index-NOBRACEEXPAND"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>BRACE_EXPAND</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em><tt>IGNORE_BRACES</tt>
(ksh and bash compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-DOT_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fDOT_005fGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-DOTGLOB"></a>
<a name="index-NODOTGLOB"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>DOT_GLOB</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>GLOB_DOTS</tt>
(bash compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-HASH_005fALL"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHASH_005fALL"></a>
<a name="index-HASHALL"></a>
<a name="index-NOHASHALL"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HASH_ALL</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>HASH_CMDS</tt>
(bash compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fAPPEND"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fAPPEND"></a>
<a name="index-HISTAPPEND"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTAPPEND"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_APPEND</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>APPEND_HISTORY</tt>
(bash compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-HIST_005fEXPAND"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fHIST_005fEXPAND"></a>
<a name="index-HISTEXPAND"></a>
<a name="index-NOHISTEXPAND"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>HIST_EXPAND</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>BANG_HIST</tt>
(bash compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-LOG"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fLOG"></a>
<a name="index-NOLOG"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>LOG</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em><tt>HIST_NO_FUNCTIONS</tt>
(ksh compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-MAIL_005fWARN"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fMAIL_005fWARN"></a>
<a name="index-MAILWARN"></a>
<a name="index-NOMAILWARN"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>MAIL_WARN</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>MAIL_WARNING</tt>
(bash compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-ONE_005fCMD"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fONE_005fCMD"></a>
<a name="index-ONECMD"></a>
<a name="index-NOONECMD"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>ONE_CMD</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>SINGLE_COMMAND</tt>
(bash compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-PHYSICAL"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPHYSICAL"></a>
<a name="index-NOPHYSICAL"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PHYSICAL</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>CHASE_LINKS</tt>
(ksh and bash compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-PROMPT_005fVARS"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fPROMPT_005fVARS"></a>
<a name="index-PROMPTVARS"></a>
<a name="index-NOPROMPTVARS"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>PROMPT_VARS</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>PROMPT_SUBST</tt>
(bash compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-STDIN"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fSTDIN"></a>
<a name="index-NOSTDIN"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>STDIN</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>SHIN_STDIN</tt>
(ksh compatibility)
</p>
<a name="index-TRACK_005fALL"></a>
<a name="index-NO_005fTRACK_005fALL"></a>
<a name="index-TRACKALL"></a>
<a name="index-NOTRACKALL"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <tt>TRACK_ALL</tt></dt>
<dd><p><tt>HASH_CMDS</tt>
(ksh compatibility)
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Single-Letter-Options"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Option-Aliases" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Default-set" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<a name="Single-Letter-Options-1"></a>
<h2 class="section">16.4 Single Letter Options</h2>
<a name="index-options_002c-single-letter"></a>
<a name="index-single-letter-options"></a>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Default-set"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Single-Letter-Options" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#sh_002fksh-emulation-set" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Single-Letter-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.4.1 Default set</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> <tt>-0</tt></dt>
<dd><p>CORRECT
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-1</tt></dt>
<dd><p>PRINT_EXIT_VALUE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-2</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>BAD_PATTERN
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-3</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>NOMATCH
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-4</tt></dt>
<dd><p>GLOB_DOTS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-5</tt></dt>
<dd><p>NOTIFY
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-6</tt></dt>
<dd><p>BG_NICE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-7</tt></dt>
<dd><p>IGNORE_EOF
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-8</tt></dt>
<dd><p>MARK_DIRS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-9</tt></dt>
<dd><p>AUTO_LIST
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-B</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>BEEP
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-C</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>CLOBBER
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-D</tt></dt>
<dd><p>PUSHD_TO_HOME
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-E</tt></dt>
<dd><p>PUSHD_SILENT
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-F</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>GLOB
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-G</tt></dt>
<dd><p>NULL_GLOB
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-H</tt></dt>
<dd><p>RM_STAR_SILENT
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-I</tt></dt>
<dd><p>IGNORE_BRACES
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-J</tt></dt>
<dd><p>AUTO_CD
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-K</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>BANG_HIST
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-L</tt></dt>
<dd><p>SUN_KEYBOARD_HACK
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-M</tt></dt>
<dd><p>SINGLE_LINE_ZLE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-N</tt></dt>
<dd><p>AUTO_PUSHD
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-O</tt></dt>
<dd><p>CORRECT_ALL
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-P</tt></dt>
<dd><p>RC_EXPAND_PARAM
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-Q</tt></dt>
<dd><p>PATH_DIRS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-R</tt></dt>
<dd><p>LONG_LIST_JOBS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-S</tt></dt>
<dd><p>REC_EXACT
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-T</tt></dt>
<dd><p>CDABLE_VARS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-U</tt></dt>
<dd><p>MAIL_WARNING
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-V</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>PROMPT_CR
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-W</tt></dt>
<dd><p>AUTO_RESUME
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-X</tt></dt>
<dd><p>LIST_TYPES
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-Y</tt></dt>
<dd><p>MENU_COMPLETE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-Z</tt></dt>
<dd><p>ZLE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-a</tt></dt>
<dd><p>ALL_EXPORT
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-e</tt></dt>
<dd><p>ERR_EXIT
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-f</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>RCS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-g</tt></dt>
<dd><p>HIST_IGNORE_SPACE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-h</tt></dt>
<dd><p>HIST_IGNORE_DUPS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-i</tt></dt>
<dd><p>INTERACTIVE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-k</tt></dt>
<dd><p>INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-l</tt></dt>
<dd><p>LOGIN
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-m</tt></dt>
<dd><p>MONITOR
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-n</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>EXEC
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-p</tt></dt>
<dd><p>PRIVILEGED
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-r</tt></dt>
<dd><p>RESTRICTED
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-s</tt></dt>
<dd><p>SHIN_STDIN
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-t</tt></dt>
<dd><p>SINGLE_COMMAND
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-u</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>UNSET
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-v</tt></dt>
<dd><p>VERBOSE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-w</tt></dt>
<dd><p>CHASE_LINKS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-x</tt></dt>
<dd><p>XTRACE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-y</tt></dt>
<dd><p>SH_WORD_SPLIT
</p></dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="sh_002fksh-emulation-set"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Default-set" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Also-note" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Single-Letter-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.4.2 sh/ksh emulation set</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> <tt>-C</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>CLOBBER
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-T</tt></dt>
<dd><p>TRAPS_ASYNC
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-X</tt></dt>
<dd><p>MARK_DIRS
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-a</tt></dt>
<dd><p>ALL_EXPORT
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-b</tt></dt>
<dd><p>NOTIFY
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-e</tt></dt>
<dd><p>ERR_EXIT
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-f</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>GLOB
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-i</tt></dt>
<dd><p>INTERACTIVE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-l</tt></dt>
<dd><p>LOGIN
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-m</tt></dt>
<dd><p>MONITOR
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-n</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>EXEC
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-p</tt></dt>
<dd><p>PRIVILEGED
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-r</tt></dt>
<dd><p>RESTRICTED
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-s</tt></dt>
<dd><p>SHIN_STDIN
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-t</tt></dt>
<dd><p>SINGLE_COMMAND
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-u</tt></dt>
<dd><p><em>NO_</em>UNSET
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-v</tt></dt>
<dd><p>VERBOSE
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-x</tt></dt>
<dd><p>XTRACE
</p></dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Also-note"></a>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#sh_002fksh-emulation-set" title="Previous section in reading order"> < </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next section in reading order"> > </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Single-Letter-Options" title="Up section"> Up </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<h3 class="subsection">16.4.3 Also note</h3>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt> <tt>-A</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Used by <tt>set</tt> for setting arrays
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-b</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Used on the command line to specify end of option processing
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-c</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Used on the command line to specify a single command
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-m</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Used by <tt>setopt</tt> for pattern-matching option setting
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-o</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Used in all places to allow use of long option names
</p></dd>
<dt> <tt>-s</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Used by <tt>set</tt> to sort positional parameters
</p></dd>
</dl>
<hr size="6">
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#Options" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Shell-Builtin-Commands.html#Shell-Builtin-Commands" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="zsh_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
</tr></table>
<p>
<font size="-1">
This document was generated by <em>Peter Stephenson</em> on <em>December 21, 2012</em> using <a href="http://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 1.82</em></a>.
</font>
<br>
</p>
</body>
</html>
|