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<h1 class="chapter"> 13. Incompatibilities and Missing Features </h1>
<p>The <code>make</code> programs in various other systems support a few features
that are not implemented in GNU <code>make</code>. The POSIX.2 standard
(<cite>IEEE Standard 1003.2-1992</cite>) which specifies <code>make</code> does not
require any of these features.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
A target of the form ‘<samp><var>file</var>((<var>entry</var>))</samp>’ stands for a member
of archive file <var>file</var>. The member is chosen, not by name, but by
being an object file which defines the linker symbol <var>entry</var>.
<p>This feature was not put into GNU <code>make</code> because of the
nonmodularity of putting knowledge into <code>make</code> of the internal
format of archive file symbol tables.
See section <a href="make_11.html#SEC131">Updating Archive Symbol Directories</a>.
</p>
</li><li>
Suffixes (used in suffix rules) that end with the character ‘<samp>~</samp>’
have a special meaning to System V <code>make</code>;
they refer to the SCCS file that corresponds
to the file one would get without the ‘<samp>~</samp>’. For example, the
suffix rule ‘<samp>.c~.o</samp>’ would make the file ‘<tt><var>n</var>.o</tt>’ from
the SCCS file ‘<tt>s.<var>n</var>.c</tt>’. For complete coverage, a whole
series of such suffix rules is required.
See section <a href="make_10.html#SEC126">Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules</a>.
<p>In GNU <code>make</code>, this entire series of cases is handled by two
pattern rules for extraction from SCCS, in combination with the
general feature of rule chaining.
See section <a href="make_10.html#SEC117">Chains of Implicit Rules</a>.
</p>
</li><li>
In System V and 4.3 BSD <code>make</code>, files found by <code>VPATH</code> search
(see section <a href="make_4.html#SEC38">Searching Directories for Prerequisites</a>) have their names changed inside command
strings. We feel it is much cleaner to always use automatic variables
and thus make this feature obsolete.
</li><li>
In some Unix <code>make</code>s, the automatic variable <code>$*</code> appearing in
the prerequisites of a rule has the amazingly strange “feature” of
expanding to the full name of the <em>target of that rule</em>. We cannot
imagine what went on in the minds of Unix <code>make</code> developers to do
this; it is utterly inconsistent with the normal definition of <code>$*</code>.
<a name="IDX631"></a>
</li><li>
In some Unix <code>make</code>s, implicit rule search
(see section <a href="make_10.html#SEC113">Using Implicit Rules</a>) is apparently done for
<em>all</em> targets, not just those without commands. This means you can
do:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">foo.o:
cc -c foo.c
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>and Unix <code>make</code> will intuit that ‘<tt>foo.o</tt>’ depends on
‘<tt>foo.c</tt>’.
</p>
<p>We feel that such usage is broken. The prerequisite properties of
<code>make</code> are well-defined (for GNU <code>make</code>, at least),
and doing such a thing simply does not fit the model.
</p>
</li><li>
GNU <code>make</code> does not include any built-in implicit rules for
compiling or preprocessing EFL programs. If we hear of anyone who is
using EFL, we will gladly add them.
</li><li>
It appears that in SVR4 <code>make</code>, a suffix rule can be specified with
no commands, and it is treated as if it had empty commands
(see section <a href="make_5.html#SEC73">Using Empty Commands</a>). For example:
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">.c.a:
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>will override the built-in ‘<tt>.c.a</tt>’ suffix rule.
</p>
<p>We feel that it is cleaner for a rule without commands to always simply
add to the prerequisite list for the target. The above example can be
easily rewritten to get the desired behavior in GNU <code>make</code>:
</p>
<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">.c.a: ;
</pre></td></tr></table>
</li><li>
Some versions of <code>make</code> invoke the shell with the ‘<samp>-e</samp>’ flag,
except under ‘<samp>-k</samp>’ (see section <a href="make_9.html#SEC111">Testing the Compilation of a Program</a>). The ‘<samp>-e</samp>’ flag tells the shell to exit as soon as any
program it runs returns a nonzero status. We feel it is cleaner to
write each shell command line to stand on its own and not require this
special treatment.
</li></ul>
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