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<TITLE>Overview of CUPS</TITLE>
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<H1 CLASS="title">Overview of CUPS</H1>
<P>CUPS is the software you use to print from applications like the web browser
you are using to read this page. It converts the <em>page descriptions</em>
produced by your application (put a paragraph here, draw a line there, and so
forth) into something your printer can understand and then sends the information
to the printer for printing.</P>
<P>Now, since every printer manufacturer does things differently, printing can
be very complicated. CUPS does its best to hide this from you and your
application so that you can concentrate on printing and less on <em>how</em> to
print. Generally, the only time you need to know anything about your printer is
when you use it for the first time, and even then CUPS can often figure things
out on its own.</P>
<H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="WORK">How Does It Work?</A></H2>
<P>The first time you print to a printer, CUPS creates a <em>queue</em> to keep
track of the current status of the printer (everything OK, out of paper, etc.)
and any pages you have printed. Most of the time the queue points to a printer
connected directly to your computer via a USB port, however it can
also point to a printer on your network, a printer on the Internet, or multiple
printers depending on the configuration. Regardless of <em>where</em> the queue
points, it will look like any other printer to you and your applications.</P>
<P>Every time you print something, CUPS creates a <em>job</em> which contains
the queue you are sending the print to, the name of the document you are
printing, and the page descriptions. Job are numbered (queue-1, queue-2, and so
forth) so you can monitor the job as it is printed or cancel it if you see a
mistake. When CUPS gets a job for printing, it determines the best programs
(<em>filters</em>, <em>printer drivers</em>, <em>port monitors</em>, and
<em>backends</em>) to convert the pages into a printable format and then runs
them to actually print the job.</P>
<P>When the print job is completely printed, CUPS removes the job from the queue
and moves on to any other jobs you have submitted. You can also be notified when
the job is finished, or if there are any errors during printing, in several
different ways.</P>
<H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="BEGIN">Where Do I Begin?</A></H2>
<P>Click on the <A HREF="http://localhost:631/admin">Administration</A> tab at
the top of this page. Click on the <VAR>Add Printer</VAR> button and follow the
prompts.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>When you are asked for a username and password, enter your login
username and password or the "root" username and password. On MacOS X, the login
username (or "short name") is typically your first and last name in
lowercase.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>After the printer is added, CUPS will ask you to set the default printer
options (paper size, output mode, etc.) for the printer. Make any changes as
needed and then click on the <VAR>Set Default Options</VAR> button to save
them. Some printers also support auto-configuration - click on the <VAR>Query
Printer for Default Options</VAR> button to update the options automatically.</P>
<P>Once you have added the printer, you can print to it from any application.
You can also choose <VAR>Print Test Page</VAR> from the maintenance menu to print
a simple test page and verify that everything is working properly.</P>
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