/usr/share/doc/geographiclib/html/GeoConvert.1.html is in geographiclib-tools 1.8-2.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 | <?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head><link href="http://search.cpan.org/s/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<title>GeoConvert -- convert geographic coordinates</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rev="made" href="mailto:root@localhost" />
</head>
<body style="background-color: white">
<!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
<div name="index">
<p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
<!--
<ul>
<li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
<li><a href="#options">OPTIONS</a></li>
<li><a href="#precision">PRECISION</a></li>
<li><a href="#mgrs">MGRS</a></li>
<li><a href="#zone">ZONE</a></li>
<li><a href="#examples">EXAMPLES</a></li>
<li><a href="#errors">ERRORS</a></li>
<li><a href="#abbreviations">ABBREVIATIONS</a></li>
<li><a href="#see_also">SEE ALSO</a></li>
<li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
</ul>
-->
</div>
<!-- INDEX END -->
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
<p>GeoConvert -- convert geographic coordinates</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
<p><strong>GeoConvert</strong> [ <strong>-g</strong> | <strong>-d</strong> | <strong>-u</strong> | <strong>-m</strong> | <strong>-c</strong> ] [ <strong>-p</strong> <em>prec</em> ]
[ <strong>-z</strong> <em>zone</em> | <strong>-s</strong> | <strong>-t</strong> ] [ <strong>-n</strong> ]
[ <strong>--version</strong> | <strong>-h</strong> | <strong>--help</strong> ]</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
<p><strong>GeoConvert</strong> reads from standard input interpreting each line as a
geographic coordinate and prints the coordinate in the format specified
by the options on standard output. The input is interpreted in one of
three different ways depending on how many space or comma delimited
tokens there are on the line. The options <strong>-g</strong>, <strong>-d</strong>, <strong>-u</strong>, and <strong>-m</strong>
govern the format of output. In all cases, the WGS84 model of the earth
is used (<em>a</em> = 6378137m, <em>f</em> = 1/298.257223563).</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="geographic" class="item"><strong>geographic</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>2 tokens (output options <strong>-g</strong> or <strong>-d</strong>) given as <em>latitude</em>
<em>longitude</em> using decimal degrees or degrees minutes seconds. d, ',
and " are used to denote degrees, minutes, and seconds, with the least
significant designator optional. Latitude is given first; however, on
input, either may be given first by appending or prepending <em>N</em> or <em>S</em>
to the latitude and <em>E</em> or <em>W</em> to the longitude. For example, the
following are all equivalent</p>
<pre>
33.3 44.4
E44.4 N33.3
33d18'N 44d24'E
44d24 33d18N</pre>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="utm_ups" class="item"><strong>UTM/UPS</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>3 tokens (output option <strong>-u</strong>) given as <em>zone</em>+<em>hemisphere</em> <em>easting</em>
<em>northing</em> or <em>easting</em> <em>northing</em> <em>zone</em>+<em>hemisphere</em>, where
<em>hemisphere</em> is either <em>N</em> or <em>S</em>. The <em>zone</em> is absent for a UPS
specification. For example,</p>
<pre>
38N 444140.54 3684706.36
444140.54 3684706.36 38N
S 2173854.98 2985980.58
2173854.98 2985980.58 S</pre>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="mrgs" class="item"><strong>MRGS</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>1 token (output option <strong>-m</strong>) is used to specify the center of an MGRS
grid square. For example,</p>
<pre>
38SMB4484
38SMB44140847064</pre>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="options">OPTIONS</a></h1>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="g" class="item"><strong>-g</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>output latitude and longitude using decimal degrees. Default output mode.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="d" class="item"><strong>-d</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>output latitude and longitude using degrees, minutes, and seconds (DMS).</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="u" class="item"><strong>-u</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>output UTM or UPS.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="m" class="item"><strong>-m</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>output MGRS.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="c" class="item"><strong>-c</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>output meridian convergence and scale for the corresponding UTM or
UPS projection. Convergence is the bearing of grid north given as
degrees clockwise from true north.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="p" class="item"><strong>-p</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>set the precision to <em>prec</em> (default 0); <em>prec</em> is the precision
relative to 1m. See <a href="#precision">PRECISION</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="z" class="item"><strong>-z</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>set the zone to <em>zone</em> for output. Use either 0 < <em>zone</em> <= 60
for a UTM zone or <em>zone</em> = 0 for UPS. Alternatively use a
<em>zone</em>+<em>hemisphere</em> designation (<em>hemisphere</em> is ignored), e.g., 38N.
See <a href="#zone">ZONE</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="s" class="item"><strong>-s</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>use the standard UPS and UTM zones.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="t" class="item"><strong>-t</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>similar to <strong>-s</strong> but forces UPS regions to the closest UTM zone.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="n" class="item"><strong>-n</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>on input, MGRS coordinates refer to the south-west corner of the MGRS
square instead of the center; see <a href="#mgrs">MGRS</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="version" class="item"><strong>--version</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>print version.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="h" class="item"><strong>-h</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>print usage.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="help" class="item"><strong>--help</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>print full documentation.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="precision">PRECISION</a></h1>
<p><em>prec</em> gives precision of the output with <em>prec</em> = 0 giving 1m
precision, <em>prec</em> = 3 giving 1mm precision, etc. <em>prec</em> is the number
of digits after the decimal point for UTM/UPS. The number of digits per
coordinate for MGRS is 5 + <em>prec</em>. For decimal degrees, the number of
digits after the decimal point is 5 + <em>prec</em>. For DMS (degree, minute,
seconds) output, the number of digits after the decimal point in the
seconds components is 1 + <em>prec</em>; if this is negative then use minutes
(<em>prec</em> = -2 or -3) or degrees (<em>prec</em> <= -4) as the least significant
component. Print convergence, resp. scale, with 5 + <em>prec</em>, resp. 7 +
<em>prec</em>, digits after the decimal point. The minimum value of <em>prec</em> is
-5 and the maximum is 9 for UTM/UPS, 9 for decimal degrees, 10 for DMS,
6 for MGRS, and 8 for convergence and scale.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="mgrs">MGRS</a></h1>
<p>MGRS coordinates represent a square patch of the earth, thus <code>38SMB4488</code>
is in zone <code>38N</code> with 444km <= <em>easting</em> < 445km and 3688km <=
<em>northing</em> < 3689km. Consistent with this representation,
coordinates are <em>truncated</em> (instead of <em>rounded</em>) to the requested
precision. Similiarly, on input an MGRS coordinate represents the
<em>center</em> of the square (<code>38N 444500 3688500</code> in the example above).
However, if the <strong>-n</strong> option is given then the south-west corner of the
square is returned instead (<code>38N 444000 3688000</code> in the example above).</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="zone">ZONE</a></h1>
<p>If the input is <strong>geographic</strong>, <strong>GeoConvert</strong> uses the standard rules of
selecting UTM vs UPS and for assigning the UTM zone (with the Norway and
Svalbard exceptions). If the input is <strong>UTM/UPS</strong>, or <strong>MGRS</strong>, then the
choice beteen UTM and UPS and the UTM zone mirrors the input. The <strong>-z</strong>
<em>zone</em>, <strong>-s</strong>, <strong>-t</strong> options allow these rules to be overridden with
<em>zone</em> = 0 being used to indicate UPS. For example, the point</p>
<pre>
79.9S 6.1E</pre>
<p>corresponds to possible MGRS coordinates</p>
<pre>
32CMS4324728161 (standard UTM zone = 32)
31CEM6066227959 (neighboring UTM zone = 31)
BBZ1945517770 (neighboring UPS zone)</pre>
<p>then</p>
<pre>
echo 79.9S 6.1E | GeoConvert -p -3 -m => 32CMS4328
echo 31CEM6066227959 | GeoConvert -p -3 -m => 31CEM6027
echo 31CEM6066227959 | GeoConvert -p -3 -m -s => 32CMS4328
echo 31CEM6066227959 | GeoConvert -p -3 -m -z 0 => BBZ1917</pre>
<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: the letter in the zone specification for UTM is a hemisphere
designator <em>N</em> or <em>S</em> and <em>not</em> an MGRS latitude band letter.
Convert the MGRS latitude band letter to a hemisphere as follows:
replace <em>C</em> thru <em>M</em> by <em>S</em>; replace <em>N</em> thru <em>X</em> by <em>N</em>.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="examples">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
<pre>
echo 38SMB4488 | GeoConvert => 33.33424 44.40363
echo 38SMB4488 | GeoConvert -d -p 1 => 33d20'03.25"N 044d24'13.06"E
echo 38SMB4488 | GeoConvert -u => 38N 444500 3688500
echo E44d24 N33d20 | GeoConvert -m -p -3 => 38SMB4488</pre>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="errors">ERRORS</a></h1>
<p>An illegal line of input will print an error message to standard output
beginning with <code>ERROR:</code> and causes <strong>GeoConvert</strong> to return an exit code
of 1. However, an error does not cause <strong>GeoConvert</strong> to terminate;
following lines will be converted.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="abbreviations">ABBREVIATIONS</a></h1>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="utm" class="item"><strong>UTM</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Universal Transverse Mercator,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Transverse_Mercator_coordinate_system">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Transverse_Mercator_coordinate_system</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="ups" class="item"><strong>UPS</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Univeral Polar Stereographic,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Polar_Stereographic">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Polar_Stereographic</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="mgrs" class="item"><strong>MGRS</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Military Grid Reference System,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_grid_reference_system">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_grid_reference_system</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="wgs84" class="item"><strong>WGS84</strong></a></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>World Geodetic System 1984,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGS84">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGS84</a>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></h1>
<p><strong>GeoConvert</strong> is a part of GeographicLib,
<a href="http://geographiclib.sf.net">http://geographiclib.sf.net</a>. The algorithms for the transverse
Mercator projection are described in C. F. F. Karney, <em>Transverse
Mercator with an accuracy of a few nanometers</em>, J. Geod (2011); DOI
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0445-3">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0445-3</a>; preprint
<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1002.1417">http://arxiv.org/abs/1002.1417</a>.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="author">AUTHOR</a></h1>
<p><strong>GeoConvert</strong> was written by Charles Karney.</p>
</body>
</html>
|