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page-title: Other Anticipated Benefits of Genetic Research
crumb: Benefits
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<div align="right"><b><font face="Book Antiqua"><font
color="#800040"><font size="+3">Other Anticipated Benefits of
Genetic Research</font></font></font></b><br />
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<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000000"><font
size="-1">Genomics and Its Impact on Science and Society: The Human
Genome Project and Beyond</font></font></font></b></div>

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<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><b><font face="Book Antiqua"><font
color="#800040"><font size="+2">Technologies, Resources Having
Major Impacts</font></font></font></b><br />
</font> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Rapid progress in
genome science and a glimpse into its potential applications have
spurred observers to predict that biology will be the foremost
science of the 21st Century. Technology and resources generated by
the Human Genome Project and other genomic research already are
having major impacts on research across the life sciences. Doubling
in size in 10 years, the biotechnology industry generated 191,000
direct jobs and 535,000 indirect jobs in 2001. Revenues for that
year totaled more than $20 billion directly and $28.5 billion
indirectly.*</font></p>

<p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A list of some current
and potential applications of genome research follows. More studies
and public discussion are required for eventual validation and
implementation of some of these uses (see p. 8).</font></p>

<p><font color="#800040"
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Molecular
Medicine</strong></font></p>

<ul>
<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Improve diagnosis of
disease</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Detect genetic
predispositions to disease</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Create drugs based on
molecular information</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Use gene therapy and
control systems as drugs</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Design &ldquo;custom
drugs&rdquo; based on individual genetic profiles</font></li>
</ul>

<p><font color="#800040"
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Microbial
Genomics</strong></font></p>

<ul>
<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Rapidly detect and
treat pathogens (disease-causing microbes) in clinical
practice</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Develop new energy
sources (biofuels)</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Monitor environments
to detect pollutants</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Protect citizenry
from biological and chemical warfare</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Clean up toxic waste
safely and efficiently</font></li>
</ul>

<p><font color="#800040"
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Risk
Assessment</strong></font></p>

<ul>
<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Evaluate the health
risks faced by individuals who may be exposed to radiation
(including low levels in industrial areas) and to cancer-causing
chemicals and toxins</font></li>
</ul>

<p><font color="#800040"
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Bioarchaeology,
Anthropology, Evolution, and Human Migration</strong></font></p>

<ul>
<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Study evolution
through germline mutations in lineages</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Study migration of
different population groups based on maternal genetic
inheritance</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Study mutations on
the Y chromosome to trace lineage and migration of
males</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Compare breakpoints
in the evolution of mutations with ages of populations and
historical events</font></li>
</ul>

<p><font color="#800040"
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>DNA
Identification</strong></font></p>

<ul>
<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Identify potential
suspects whose DNA may match evidence left at crime
scenes</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Exonerate persons
wrongly accused of crimes</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Identify crime,
catastrophe, and other victims</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Establish paternity
and other family relationships</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Identify endangered
and protected species as an aid to wildlife officials (could be
used for prosecuting poachers)</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Detect bacteria and
other organisms that may pollute air, water, soil, and
food</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Match organ donors
with recipients in transplant programs</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Determine pedigree
for seed or livestock breeds</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Authenticate
consumables such as caviar and wine</font></li>
</ul>

<p><font color="#800040"
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Agriculture, Livestock
Breeding, and Bioprocessing</strong></font></p>

<ul>
<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Grow disease-,
insect-, and drought-resistant crops</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Breed healthier, more
productive, disease-resistant farm animals</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Grow more nutritious
produce</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Develop
biopesticides</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Incorporate edible
vaccines into food products</font></li>

<li><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Develop new
environmental cleanup uses for plants like tobacco</font></li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

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<div align="center"><a href="1.html"><font size="-1"
face="Arial,Helvetica">Primer</font></a> <font size="-1">- <a
href="2.html"><font face="Arial,Helvetica">History</font></a> - <a
href="4.html"><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Insights</font></a> -
<a href="6.html"><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Medicine</font></a>
- <a href="7.html"><font
face="Arial,Helvetica">Benefits</font></a> - <a
href="8.html"><font face="Arial,Helvetica">Concerns</font></a> -
<a href="5.html"><font
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Beyond</font></a> - <a
href="3.html"><font
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Systems</font></a> - <a
href="9.html"><font
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Microbes</font></a> - <a
href="glossary.html"><font
face="Arial,Helvetica">Dictionary</font></a> - <a
href="index.html"><font
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Home</font></a></font></div>
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<td><a href="http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/"><img
src="HGPlogo1.jpg" border="0" height="107" width="108" /></a></td>
<td>The online presentation of this publication is a special
feature of the <a
href="http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/">Human Genome
Project Information Web site</a>.</td>
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