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overview-of-tools -
Debian Live Handbuch
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<meta name="dc.date" content="2011-12-04" />
<meta name="dc.rights" content="Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Debian Live Projekt;<br> License: Dieses Programm ist freie Software. Sie können es unter den Bedingungen der GNU General Public License, wie von der Free Software Foundation veröffentlicht, weitergeben und/oder modifizieren, entweder gemäss Version 3 der Lizenz oder (nach Ihrer Option) jeder späteren Version.<br><br>Die Veröffentlichung dieses Programms erfolgt in der Hoffnung, dass es Ihnen von Nutzen sein wird, aber OHNE IRGENDEINE GARANTIE, sogar ohne die implizite Garantie der MARKTREIFE oder der VERWENDBARKEIT FÜR EINEN BESTIMMTEN ZWECK. Details finden Sie in der GNU General Public License.<br><br>Sie sollten ein Exemplar der GNU General Public License zusammen mit diesem Programm erhalten haben. Falls nicht, siehe <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.<br><br>Der komplette Text der GNU General Public License kann in der Datei /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3 gefunden werden." />
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<h1 class="tiny">
Debian Live Handbuch
</h1>
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<h2 class="tiny">
Benutzer
</h2>
</div><div class="content"><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="276" href="#276" class="lnkocn">276</a></label>
<h1 class="norm" id="o276"><a name="276"></a>
5. Overview of tools
</h1>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="277" href="#277" class="lnkocn">277</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o277">
This chapter contains an overview of the three main tools used in building Debian Live systems: <i>live-build</i>, <i>live-boot</i> and <i>live-config</i>.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="278" href="#278" class="lnkocn">278</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o278"><a name="278"></a> <a name="hlive-build" id="hlive-build"></a>
<a name="h5.1" ></a><a name="live-build" ></a>5.1 live-build
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="279" href="#279" class="lnkocn">279</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o279">
<i>live-build</i> is a collection of scripts to build Debian Live systems. These scripts are also referred to as "commands".
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="280" href="#280" class="lnkocn">280</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o280">
The idea behind <i>live-build</i> is to be a framework that uses a configuration directory to completely automate and customize all aspects of building a Live image.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="281" href="#281" class="lnkocn">281</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o281">
Many concepts are similar to those in the debhelper Debian package tools written by Joey Hess:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="282" href="#282" class="lnkocn">282</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o282">
The scripts have a central location for configuring their operation. In debhelper, this is the <tt>debian/</tt> subdirectory of a package tree. For example, dh_install will look, amongst others, for a file called <tt>debian/install</tt> to determine which files should exist in a particular binary package. In much the same way, <i>live-build</i> stores its configuration entirely under a <tt>config/</tt> subdirectory.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="283" href="#283" class="lnkocn">283</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o283">
The scripts are independent - that is to say, it is always safe to run each command.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="284" href="#284" class="lnkocn">284</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o284">
Unlike debhelper, <i>live-build</i> contains a tool to generate a skeleton configuration directory, <tt>lb config</tt>. This could be considered to be similar to tools such as <tt>dh-make</tt>. For more information about <tt>lb config</tt>, please see <a href="overview-of-tools.html#lb-config">The lb config command</a>.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="285" href="#285" class="lnkocn">285</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o285">
The remainder of this section discusses the three most important commands:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="286" href="#286" class="lnkocn">286</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o286">
<b>lb config</b>: Responsible for initializing a Live system configuration directory. See <a href="overview-of-tools.html#lb-config">The lb config command</a> for more information.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="287" href="#287" class="lnkocn">287</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o287">
<b>lb build</b>: Responsible for starting a Live system build. See <a href="overview-of-tools.html#lb-build">The lb build command</a> for more information.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="288" href="#288" class="lnkocn">288</a></label>
<li class="bullet" id="o288">
<b>lb clean</b>: Responsible for removing parts of a Live system build. See <a href="overview-of-tools.html#lb-clean">The lb clean command</a> for more information.
</li>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="289" href="#289" class="lnkocn">289</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o289"><a name="289"></a> <a name="hlb-config" id="hlb-config"></a>
<a name="h5.1.1" ></a><a name="lb-config" ></a>5.1.1 The <tt>lb config</tt> command
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="290" href="#290" class="lnkocn">290</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o290">
As discussed in <a href="overview-of-tools.html#live-build">live-build</a>, the scripts that make up <i>live-build</i> read their configuration with the <tt>source</tt> command from a single directory named <tt>config/</tt>. As constructing this directory by hand would be time-consuming and error-prone, the <tt>lb config</tt> command can be used to create skeleton configuration folders.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="291" href="#291" class="lnkocn">291</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o291">
Issuing <tt>lb config</tt> without any arguments creates a <tt>config/</tt> subdirectory which it populates with some default settings, and a skeleton <tt>auto/</tt> subdirectory tree.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="292" href="#292" class="lnkocn">292</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o292">
$ lb config<br />
P: Considering defaults defined in /etc/live/build.conf<br />
P: Creating config tree<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="293" href="#293" class="lnkocn">293</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o293">
Using <tt>lb config</tt> without any arguments would be suitable for users who need a very basic image, or who intend to later provide a more complete configuration via <tt>auto/config</tt> (see <a href="managing-a-configuration.html#managing-a-configuration">Managing a configuration</a> for details).
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="294" href="#294" class="lnkocn">294</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o294">
Normally, you will want to specify some options. For example, to include the 'gnome' package list in your configuration:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="295" href="#295" class="lnkocn">295</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o295">
$ lb config -p gnome<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="296" href="#296" class="lnkocn">296</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o296">
It is possible to specify many options, such as:
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="297" href="#297" class="lnkocn">297</a></label>
<p class="code" id="o297">
$ lb config --binary-images net --hostname live-machine --username live-user ...<br /><br />
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="298" href="#298" class="lnkocn">298</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o298">
A full list of options is available in the <tt>lb_config</tt> man page.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="299" href="#299" class="lnkocn">299</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o299"><a name="299"></a> <a name="hlb-build" id="hlb-build"></a>
<a name="h5.1.2" ></a><a name="lb-build" ></a>5.1.2 The <tt>lb build</tt> command
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="300" href="#300" class="lnkocn">300</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o300">
The <tt>lb build</tt> command reads in your configuration from the <tt>config/</tt> directory. It then runs the lower level commands needed to build your Live system.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="301" href="#301" class="lnkocn">301</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o301"><a name="301"></a> <a name="hlb-clean" id="hlb-clean"></a>
<a name="h5.1.3" ></a><a name="lb-clean" ></a>5.1.3 The <tt>lb clean</tt> command
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="302" href="#302" class="lnkocn">302</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o302">
It is the job of the <tt>lb clean</tt> command to remove various parts of a build so subsequent builds can start from a clean state. By default, <tt>chroot</tt>, <tt>binary</tt> and <tt>source</tt> stages are cleaned, but the cache is left intact. Also, individual stages can be cleaned. For example, if you have made changes that only affect the binary stage, use <tt>lb clean --binary</tt> prior to building a new binary. See the <tt>lb_clean</tt> man page for a full list of options.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="303" href="#303" class="lnkocn">303</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o303"><a name="303"></a> <a name="hlive-boot" id="hlive-boot"></a>
<a name="h5.2" ></a><a name="live-boot" ></a>5.2 The live-boot package
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="304" href="#304" class="lnkocn">304</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o304">
<i>live-boot</i> is a collection of scripts providing hooks for the initramfs-tools, used to generate an initramfs capable of booting live systems, such as those created by <i>live-build</i>. This includes the Debian Live ISOs, netboot tarballs, and USB stick images.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="305" href="#305" class="lnkocn">305</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o305">
At boot time it will look for read-only media containing a <tt>/live/</tt> directory where a root filesystem (often a compressed filesystem image like squashfs) is stored. If found, it will create a writable environment, using aufs, for Debian like systems to boot from.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="306" href="#306" class="lnkocn">306</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o306">
More information on initial ramfs in Debian can be found in the Debian Linux Kernel Handbook at ‹<a href="http://kernel-handbook.alioth.debian.org/" target="_top">http://kernel-handbook.alioth.debian.org/</a>› in the chapter on initramfs.
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="307" href="#307" class="lnkocn">307</a></label>
<p class="bold" id="o307"><a name="307"></a> <a name="hlive-config" id="hlive-config"></a>
<a name="h5.3" ></a><a name="live-config" ></a>5.3 The live-config package
</p>
</div><div class="substance">
<label class="ocn"><a name="308" href="#308" class="lnkocn">308</a></label>
<p class="i0" id="o308">
<i>live-config</i> consists of the scripts that run at boot time after <i>live-boot</i> to configure the live system automatically. It handles such tasks as setting the hostname, locales and timezone, creating the live user, inhibiting cron jobs and performing autologin of the live user.
</p>
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