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<title>DebianDoc-SGML Manual - SGML markup and metacharacters</title>
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<link href="ch-dds.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Debiandoc SGML">
<link href="ch-markup.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 SGML markup and metacharacters">
<link href="ch-structure.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Overall structure">
<link href="ch-chaptsectpar.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Chapters, appendices, sections, and paragraphs">
<link href="ch-inline.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Marked-up inline text and character style markup">
<link href="ch-listexamp.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 Lists and examples">
<link href="ch-limitations.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Limitations">
<link href="ch-unsupported.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 Unsupported SGML Features">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html" rel="appendix" title="A ISO Character Entities">
<link href="ap-xml.en.html" rel="appendix" title="B Conversion to XML">
<link href="ch-inline.en.html#s5.1" rel="section" title="5.1 Character style">
<link href="ch-inline.en.html#s-xref" rel="section" title="5.2 Cross-references">
<link href="ch-inline.en.html#s-footnotes" rel="section" title="5.3 Footnotes">
<link href="ch-inline.en.html#s-comment" rel="section" title="5.4 Comment">
<link href="ch-listexamp.en.html#s-lists" rel="section" title="6.1 Lists">
<link href="ch-listexamp.en.html#s-examples" rel="section" title="6.2 Examples">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.1" rel="section" title="A.1 Added Latin 1">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.2" rel="section" title="A.2 Added Latin 2">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.3" rel="section" title="A.3 Greek Letters">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.4" rel="section" title="A.4 Monotoniko Greek">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.5" rel="section" title="A.5 Russian Cyrillic">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.6" rel="section" title="A.6 Non-Russian Cyrillic">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.7" rel="section" title="A.7 Numeric and Special Graphic">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.8" rel="section" title="A.8 Diacritical Marks">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.9" rel="section" title="A.9 Publishing">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.10" rel="section" title="A.10 Box and Line Drawing">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.11" rel="section" title="A.11 General Technical">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.12" rel="section" title="A.12 Greek Symbols">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.13" rel="section" title="A.13 Alternative Greek Symbols">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.14" rel="section" title="A.14 Added Math Symbols: Ordinary">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.15" rel="section" title="A.15 Added Math Symbols: Binary Operators">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.16" rel="section" title="A.16 Added Math Symbols: Relations">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.17" rel="section" title="A.17 Added Math Symbols: Negated Relations">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.18" rel="section" title="A.18 Added Math Symbols: Arrow Relations">
<link href="ap-entities.en.html#sA.19" rel="section" title="A.19 Added Math Symbols: Delimiters">
<link href="ap-xml.en.html#sB.1" rel="section" title="B.1 Basic conversion method">
<link href="ap-xml.en.html#sB.2" rel="section" title="B.2 Advanced conversion methods">
<link href="ap-xml.en.html#sB.3" rel="section" title="B.3 Testing generated XML file(s)">
<link href="ap-xml.en.html#sB.2.1" rel="subsection" title="B.2.1 Split XML file output">
<link href="ap-xml.en.html#sB.2.2" rel="subsection" title="B.2.2 Preserving external <samp>ENTITY</samp> definitions">
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<h1>
DebianDoc-SGML Manual
<br>Chapter 2 - SGML markup and metacharacters
</h1>
<hr>
<p>
As entered in a text editor SGML document consists of text interspersed with
tags denoting the start and end of elements.
</p>
<p>
Tags take the form <samp><<var>element</var>></samp> to start the element
<var>element</var> and <samp><<var>/element</var>></samp> to finish it.
</p>
<p>
There are some shorthands you can use:
<samp><<var>element/</var><var>contents/</var></samp> specifies an element
<var>element</var> with contents <var>contents</var> - but the
<var>contents</var> may not contain a slash <samp>/</samp>.
<samp></></samp> closes the innermost currently open element.
</p>
<p>
Some types of element start tag can have attributes; these appear inside the
closing angle bracket, and are separated from the element name by whitespace.
The attributes allowed in a particular element's start tag are described along
with the element.
</p>
<p>
If you want to include SGML's markup characters (angle brackets
<samp><</samp> <samp>></samp> and ampersands <samp>&</samp>) as text
you must refer to them by name (this is called an entity reference in
SGML-speak). <samp>&<var>name</var>;</samp> produces the character whose
name is <var>name</var>.
</p>
<p>
Some useful character names are:
</p>
<dl>
<dt><samp>lt</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
less than sign (left angle bracket) <samp><</samp>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>gt</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
greater than sign (right angle bracket) <samp>></samp>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>amp</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
ampersand <samp>&</samp>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><samp>copy</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
copyright symbol <samp>©</samp>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
DebianDoc-SGML supports the full set of ISO entities as defined in the files
<code>/usr/share/sgml/entities/*ml-iso-entities-*.*/ISO*</code>.
</p>
<p>
You can also use <samp>&#<var>number</var>;</samp> to refer to the
character whose number is <var>number</var> (in ISO-LATIN-1).
<var>number</var> should be in decimal.
</p>
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[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-dds.en.html">1</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-structure.en.html">3</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-inline.en.html">5</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-listexamp.en.html">6</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-limitations.en.html">7</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-unsupported.en.html">8</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-entities.en.html">A</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-xml.en.html">B</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-structure.en.html">next</a> ]
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<p>
DebianDoc-SGML Manual
</p>
<address>
22 January 2010<br>
<br>
Ardo van Rangelrooij <code><a href="mailto:ardo@debian.org">ardo@debian.org</a></code><br>
Ian Jackson <code><a href="mailto:ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu">ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu</a></code><br>
<br>
</address>
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