nova-common 2012.1-0ubuntu2 / usr / bin / nova-manage

#!/usr/bin/python
# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4

# Copyright (c) 2011 X.commerce, a business unit of eBay Inc.
# Copyright 2010 United States Government as represented by the
# Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
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#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

# Interactive shell based on Django:
#
# Copyright (c) 2005, the Lawrence Journal-World
# All rights reserved.
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# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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#        this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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"""
  CLI interface for nova management.
"""

import ast
import errno
import gettext
import json
import math
import netaddr
import optparse
import os
import StringIO
import sys


# If ../nova/__init__.py exists, add ../ to Python search path, so that
# it will override what happens to be installed in /usr/(local/)lib/python...
POSSIBLE_TOPDIR = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0]),
                                   os.pardir,
                                   os.pardir))
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(POSSIBLE_TOPDIR, 'nova', '__init__.py')):
    sys.path.insert(0, POSSIBLE_TOPDIR)

gettext.install('nova', unicode=1)

from nova.compat import flagfile
from nova import context
from nova import crypto
from nova import db
from nova import exception
from nova import flags
from nova import log as logging
from nova import quota
from nova import rpc
from nova import utils
from nova import version
from nova.api.ec2 import ec2utils
from nova.auth import manager
from nova.compute import instance_types
from nova.db import migration
from nova.volume import volume_types

FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
flags.DECLARE('flat_network_bridge', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('num_networks', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('multi_host', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('network_size', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('vlan_start', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('vpn_start', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('default_floating_pool', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('public_interface', 'nova.network.linux_net')


# Decorators for actions
def args(*args, **kwargs):
    def _decorator(func):
        func.__dict__.setdefault('options', []).insert(0, (args, kwargs))
        return func
    return _decorator


def param2id(object_id):
    """Helper function to convert various id types to internal id.
    args: [object_id], e.g. 'vol-0000000a' or 'volume-0000000a' or '10'
    """
    if '-' in object_id:
        return ec2utils.ec2_id_to_id(object_id)
    else:
        return int(object_id)


class VpnCommands(object):
    """Class for managing VPNs."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.manager = manager.AuthManager()

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--ip', dest="ip", metavar='<IP Address>', help='IP Address')
    @args('--port', dest="port", metavar='<Port>', help='Port')
    def change(self, project_id, ip, port):
        """Change the ip and port for a vpn.

        this will update all networks associated with a project
        not sure if that's the desired behavior or not, patches accepted

        """
        # TODO(tr3buchet): perhaps this shouldn't update all networks
        # associated with a project in the future
        admin_context = context.get_admin_context()
        networks = db.project_get_networks(admin_context, project_id)
        for network in networks:
            db.network_update(admin_context,
                              network['id'],
                              {'vpn_public_address': ip,
                               'vpn_public_port': int(port)})


class ShellCommands(object):
    def bpython(self):
        """Runs a bpython shell.

        Falls back to Ipython/python shell if unavailable"""
        self.run('bpython')

    def ipython(self):
        """Runs an Ipython shell.

        Falls back to Python shell if unavailable"""
        self.run('ipython')

    def python(self):
        """Runs a python shell.

        Falls back to Python shell if unavailable"""
        self.run('python')

    @args('--shell', dest="shell", metavar='<bpython|ipython|python >',
            help='Python shell')
    def run(self, shell=None):
        """Runs a Python interactive interpreter."""
        if not shell:
            shell = 'bpython'

        if shell == 'bpython':
            try:
                import bpython
                bpython.embed()
            except ImportError:
                shell = 'ipython'
        if shell == 'ipython':
            try:
                import IPython
                # Explicitly pass an empty list as arguments, because
                # otherwise IPython would use sys.argv from this script.
                shell = IPython.Shell.IPShell(argv=[])
                shell.mainloop()
            except ImportError:
                shell = 'python'

        if shell == 'python':
            import code
            try:
                # Try activating rlcompleter, because it's handy.
                import readline
            except ImportError:
                pass
            else:
                # We don't have to wrap the following import in a 'try',
                # because we already know 'readline' was imported successfully.
                import rlcompleter
                readline.parse_and_bind("tab:complete")
            code.interact()

    @args('--path', dest='path', metavar='<path>', help='Script path')
    def script(self, path):
        """Runs the script from the specifed path with flags set properly.
        arguments: path"""
        exec(compile(open(path).read(), path, 'exec'), locals(), globals())

    @args('--filename', dest='filename', metavar='<path>', default=False,
          help='Export file path')
    def export(self, filename):
        """Export Nova users into a file that can be consumed by Keystone"""

        def create_file(filename):
            data = generate_data()
            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                f.write(data.getvalue())

        def tenants(data, am):
            for project in am.get_projects():
                print >> data, ("tenant add '%s'" %
                               (project.name))
                for u in project.member_ids:
                    user = am.get_user(u)
                    print >> data, ("user add '%s' '%s' '%s'" %
                                   (user.name, user.access, project.name))
                    print >> data, ("credentials add 'EC2' '%s:%s' '%s' '%s'" %
                            (user.access, project.id, user.secret, project.id))

        def roles(data, am):
            for role in am.get_roles():
                print >> data, ("role add '%s'" % (role))

        def grant_roles(data, am):
            roles = am.get_roles()
            for project in am.get_projects():
                for u in project.member_ids:
                    user = am.get_user(u)
                    for role in db.user_get_roles_for_project(ctxt, u,
                                                              project.id):
                        print >> data, ("role grant '%s', '%s', '%s')," %
                                       (user.name, role, project.name))
            print >> data

        def generate_data():
            data = StringIO.StringIO()
            am = manager.AuthManager()
            tenants(data, am)
            roles(data, am)
            grant_roles(data, am)
            data.seek(0)
            return data

        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        if filename:
            create_file(filename)
        else:
            data = generate_data()
            print data.getvalue()


class RoleCommands(object):
    """Class for managing roles."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.manager = manager.AuthManager()

    @args('--user', dest="user", metavar='<user name>', help='User name')
    @args('--role', dest="role", metavar='<user role>', help='User role')
    @args('--project', dest="project", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def add(self, user, role, project=None):
        """adds role to user
        if project is specified, adds project specific role"""
        if project:
            projobj = self.manager.get_project(project)
            if not projobj.has_member(user):
                print "%s not a member of %s" % (user, project)
                return
        self.manager.add_role(user, role, project)

    @args('--user', dest="user", metavar='<user name>', help='User name')
    @args('--role', dest="role", metavar='<user role>', help='User role')
    @args('--project', dest="project", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def has(self, user, role, project=None):
        """checks to see if user has role
        if project is specified, returns True if user has
        the global role and the project role"""
        print self.manager.has_role(user, role, project)

    @args('--user', dest="user", metavar='<user name>', help='User name')
    @args('--role', dest="role", metavar='<user role>', help='User role')
    @args('--project', dest="project", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def remove(self, user, role, project=None):
        """removes role from user
        if project is specified, removes project specific role"""
        self.manager.remove_role(user, role, project)


def _db_error(caught_exception):
    print caught_exception
    print _("The above error may show that the database has not "
            "been created.\nPlease create a database using "
            "'nova-manage db sync' before running this command.")
    exit(1)


class UserCommands(object):
    """Class for managing users."""

    @staticmethod
    def _print_export(user):
        """Print export variables to use with API."""
        print 'export EC2_ACCESS_KEY=%s' % user.access
        print 'export EC2_SECRET_KEY=%s' % user.secret

    def __init__(self):
        self.manager = manager.AuthManager()

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<admin name>', help='Admin name')
    @args('--access', dest="access", metavar='<access>', help='Access')
    @args('--secret', dest="secret", metavar='<secret>', help='Secret')
    def admin(self, name, access=None, secret=None):
        """creates a new admin and prints exports"""
        try:
            user = self.manager.create_user(name, access, secret, True)
        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)
        self._print_export(user)

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--access', dest="access", metavar='<access>', help='Access')
    @args('--secret', dest="secret", metavar='<secret>', help='Secret')
    def create(self, name, access=None, secret=None):
        """creates a new user and prints exports"""
        try:
            user = self.manager.create_user(name, access, secret, False)
        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)
        self._print_export(user)

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    def delete(self, name):
        """deletes an existing user
        arguments: name"""
        self.manager.delete_user(name)

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<admin name>', help='User name')
    def exports(self, name):
        """prints access and secrets for user in export format"""
        user = self.manager.get_user(name)
        if user:
            self._print_export(user)
        else:
            print "User %s doesn't exist" % name

    def list(self):
        """lists all users"""
        for user in self.manager.get_users():
            print user.name

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--access', dest="access_key", metavar='<access>',
            help='Access key')
    @args('--secret', dest="secret_key", metavar='<secret>',
            help='Secret key')
    @args('--is_admin', dest='is_admin', metavar="<'T'|'F'>",
            help='Is admin?')
    def modify(self, name, access_key, secret_key, is_admin):
        """update a users keys & admin flag
        arguments: accesskey secretkey admin
        leave any field blank to ignore it, admin should be 'T', 'F', or blank
        """
        if not is_admin:
            is_admin = None
        elif is_admin.upper()[0] == 'T':
            is_admin = True
        else:
            is_admin = False
        self.manager.modify_user(name, access_key, secret_key, is_admin)

    @args('--name', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def revoke(self, user_id, project_id=None):
        """revoke certs for a user"""
        if project_id:
            crypto.revoke_certs_by_user_and_project(user_id, project_id)
        else:
            crypto.revoke_certs_by_user(user_id)


class ProjectCommands(object):
    """Class for managing projects."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.manager = manager.AuthManager()

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    def add(self, project_id, user_id):
        """Adds user to project"""
        try:
            self.manager.add_to_project(user_id, project_id)
        except exception.UserNotFound as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="name", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="project_manager", metavar='<user>',
            help='Project manager')
    @args('--desc', dest="description", metavar='<description>',
            help='Description')
    def create(self, name, project_manager, description=None):
        """Creates a new project"""
        try:
            self.manager.create_project(name, project_manager, description)
        except exception.UserNotFound as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="name", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="project_manager", metavar='<user>',
            help='Project manager')
    @args('--desc', dest="description", metavar='<description>',
            help='Description')
    def modify(self, name, project_manager, description=None):
        """Modifies a project"""
        try:
            self.manager.modify_project(name, project_manager, description)
        except exception.UserNotFound as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="name", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def delete(self, name):
        """Deletes an existing project"""
        try:
            self.manager.delete_project(name)
        except exception.ProjectNotFound as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--file', dest="filename", metavar='<filename>',
            help='File name(Default: novarc)')
    def environment(self, project_id, user_id, filename='novarc'):
        """Exports environment variables to an sourcable file"""
        try:
            rc = self.manager.get_environment_rc(user_id, project_id)
        except (exception.UserNotFound, exception.ProjectNotFound) as ex:
            print ex
            raise
        if filename == "-":
            sys.stdout.write(rc)
        else:
            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                f.write(rc)

    @args('--user', dest="username", metavar='<username>', help='User name')
    def list(self, username=None):
        """Lists all projects"""
        for project in self.manager.get_projects(username):
            print project.name

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--key', dest="key", metavar='<key>', help='Key')
    @args('--value', dest="value", metavar='<value>', help='Value')
    def quota(self, project_id, key=None, value=None):
        """Set or display quotas for project"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        if key:
            if value.lower() == 'unlimited':
                value = None
            try:
                db.quota_update(ctxt, project_id, key, value)
            except exception.ProjectQuotaNotFound:
                db.quota_create(ctxt, project_id, key, value)
        project_quota = quota.get_project_quotas(ctxt, project_id)
        for key, value in project_quota.iteritems():
            if value is None:
                value = 'unlimited'
            print '%s: %s' % (key, value)

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    def remove(self, project_id, user_id):
        """Removes user from project"""
        try:
            self.manager.remove_from_project(user_id, project_id)
        except (exception.UserNotFound, exception.ProjectNotFound) as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def scrub(self, project_id):
        """Deletes data associated with project"""
        admin_context = context.get_admin_context()
        networks = db.project_get_networks(admin_context, project_id)
        for network in networks:
            db.network_disassociate(admin_context, network['id'])
        groups = db.security_group_get_by_project(admin_context, project_id)
        for group in groups:
            db.security_group_destroy(admin_context, group['id'])

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--file', dest="filename", metavar='<filename>',
            help='File name(Default: nova.zip)')
    def zipfile(self, project_id, user_id, filename='nova.zip'):
        """Exports credentials for project to a zip file"""
        try:
            zip_file = self.manager.get_credentials(user_id, project_id)
            if filename == "-":
                sys.stdout.write(zip_file)
            else:
                with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                    f.write(zip_file)
        except (exception.UserNotFound, exception.ProjectNotFound) as ex:
            print ex
            raise
        except db.api.NoMoreNetworks:
            print _('No more networks available. If this is a new '
                    'installation, you need\nto call something like this:\n\n'
                    '  nova-manage network create pvt 10.0.0.0/8 10 64\n\n')
        except exception.ProcessExecutionError, e:
            print e
            print _("The above error may show that the certificate db has "
                    "not been created.\nPlease create a database by running "
                    "a nova-cert server on this host.")

AccountCommands = ProjectCommands


class FixedIpCommands(object):
    """Class for managing fixed ip."""

    @args('--host', dest="host", metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    def list(self, host=None):
        """Lists all fixed ips (optionally by host)"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()

        try:
            if host is None:
                fixed_ips = db.fixed_ip_get_all(ctxt)
            else:
                fixed_ips = db.fixed_ip_get_all_by_instance_host(ctxt, host)
        except exception.NotFound as ex:
            print "error: %s" % ex
            sys.exit(2)

        instances = db.instance_get_all(context.get_admin_context())
        instances_by_id = {}
        for instance in instances:
            instances_by_id[instance['id']] = instance

        print "%-18s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%s" % (_('network'),
                                              _('IP address'),
                                              _('hostname'),
                                              _('host'))
        for fixed_ip in fixed_ips:
            hostname = None
            host = None
            mac_address = None
            network = db.network_get(context.get_admin_context(),
                                     fixed_ip['network_id'])
            if fixed_ip['instance_id']:
                instance = instances_by_id.get(fixed_ip['instance_id'])
                if instance:
                    hostname = instance['hostname']
                    host = instance['host']
                else:
                    print 'WARNING: fixed ip %s allocated to missing' \
                    ' instance' % str(fixed_ip['address'])
            print "%-18s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%s" % (
                    network['cidr'],
                    fixed_ip['address'],
                    hostname, host)

    @args('--address', dest="address", metavar='<ip address>',
          help='IP address')
    def reserve(self, address):
        """Mark fixed ip as reserved
        arguments: address"""
        self._set_reserved(address, True)

    @args('--address', dest="address", metavar='<ip address>',
          help='IP address')
    def unreserve(self, address):
        """Mark fixed ip as free to use
        arguments: address"""
        self._set_reserved(address, False)

    def _set_reserved(self, address, reserved):
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()

        try:
            fixed_ip = db.fixed_ip_get_by_address(ctxt, address)
            if fixed_ip is None:
                raise exception.NotFound('Could not find address')
            db.fixed_ip_update(ctxt, fixed_ip['address'],
                                {'reserved': reserved})
        except exception.NotFound as ex:
            print "error: %s" % ex
            sys.exit(2)


class FloatingIpCommands(object):
    """Class for managing floating ip."""

    @staticmethod
    def address_to_hosts(addresses):
        """
        Iterate over hosts within a address range.

        If an explicit range specifier is missing, the parameter is
        interpreted as a specific individual address.
        """
        try:
            return [netaddr.IPAddress(addresses)]
        except ValueError:
            return netaddr.IPNetwork(addresses).iter_hosts()

    @args('--ip_range', dest="ip_range", metavar='<range>', help='IP range')
    @args('--pool', dest="pool", metavar='<pool>', help='Optional pool')
    @args('--interface', dest="interface", metavar='<interface>',
          help='Optional interface')
    def create(self, ip_range, pool=None, interface=None):
        """Creates floating ips for zone by range"""
        admin_context = context.get_admin_context()
        if not pool:
            pool = FLAGS.default_floating_pool
        if not interface:
            interface = FLAGS.public_interface
        for address in self.address_to_hosts(ip_range):
            db.floating_ip_create(admin_context,
                                  {'address': str(address),
                                   'pool': pool,
                                   'interface': interface})

    @args('--ip_range', dest="ip_range", metavar='<range>', help='IP range')
    def delete(self, ip_range):
        """Deletes floating ips by range"""
        for address in self.address_to_hosts(ip_range):
            db.floating_ip_destroy(context.get_admin_context(),
                                   str(address))

    @args('--host', dest="host", metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    def list(self, host=None):
        """Lists all floating ips (optionally by host)
        Note: if host is given, only active floating IPs are returned"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        try:
            if host is None:
                floating_ips = db.floating_ip_get_all(ctxt)
            else:
                floating_ips = db.floating_ip_get_all_by_host(ctxt, host)
        except exception.NoFloatingIpsDefined:
            print _("No floating IP addresses have been defined.")
            return
        for floating_ip in floating_ips:
            instance_id = None
            if floating_ip['fixed_ip_id']:
                fixed_ip = db.fixed_ip_get(ctxt, floating_ip['fixed_ip_id'])
                try:
                    instance = db.instance_get(ctxt, fixed_ip['instance_id'])
                    instance_id = instance.get('uuid', "none")
                except exception.InstanceNotFound:
                    msg = _('Missing instance %s')
                    instance_id = msg % fixed_ip['instance_id']

            print "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s" % (floating_ip['project_id'],
                                          floating_ip['address'],
                                          instance_id,
                                          floating_ip['pool'],
                                          floating_ip['interface'])


class NetworkCommands(object):
    """Class for managing networks."""

    @args('--label', dest="label", metavar='<label>',
            help='Label for network (ex: public)')
    @args('--fixed_range_v4', dest="fixed_range_v4", metavar='<x.x.x.x/yy>',
            help='IPv4 subnet (ex: 10.0.0.0/8)')
    @args('--num_networks', dest="num_networks", metavar='<number>',
            help='Number of networks to create')
    @args('--network_size', dest="network_size", metavar='<number>',
            help='Number of IPs per network')
    @args('--vlan', dest="vlan_start", metavar='<vlan id>', help='vlan id')
    @args('--vpn', dest="vpn_start", help='vpn start')
    @args('--fixed_range_v6', dest="fixed_range_v6",
          help='IPv6 subnet (ex: fe80::/64')
    @args('--gateway', dest="gateway", help='gateway')
    @args('--gateway_v6', dest="gateway_v6", help='ipv6 gateway')
    @args('--bridge', dest="bridge",
            metavar='<bridge>',
            help='VIFs on this network are connected to this bridge')
    @args('--bridge_interface', dest="bridge_interface",
            metavar='<bridge interface>',
            help='the bridge is connected to this interface')
    @args('--multi_host', dest="multi_host", metavar="<'T'|'F'>",
            help='Multi host')
    @args('--dns1', dest="dns1", metavar="<DNS Address>", help='First DNS')
    @args('--dns2', dest="dns2", metavar="<DNS Address>", help='Second DNS')
    @args('--uuid', dest="uuid", metavar="<network uuid>",
      help='Network UUID')
    @args('--fixed_cidr', dest="fixed_cidr", metavar='<x.x.x.x/yy>',
            help='IPv4 subnet for fixed IPS (ex: 10.20.0.0/16)')
    @args('--project_id', dest="project_id", metavar="<project id>",
      help='Project id')
    @args('--priority', dest="priority", metavar="<number>",
      help='Network interface priority')
    def create(self, label=None, fixed_range_v4=None, num_networks=None,
               network_size=None, multi_host=None, vlan_start=None,
               vpn_start=None, fixed_range_v6=None, gateway=None,
               gateway_v6=None, bridge=None, bridge_interface=None,
               dns1=None, dns2=None, project_id=None, priority=None,
               uuid=None, fixed_cidr=None):
        """Creates fixed ips for host by range"""

        # check for certain required inputs
        if not label:
            raise exception.NetworkNotCreated(req='--label')
        if not (fixed_range_v4 or fixed_range_v6):
            req = '--fixed_range_v4 or --fixed_range_v6'
            raise exception.NetworkNotCreated(req=req)

        bridge = bridge or FLAGS.flat_network_bridge
        if not bridge:
            bridge_required = ['nova.network.manager.FlatManager',
                               'nova.network.manager.FlatDHCPManager']
            if FLAGS.network_manager in bridge_required:
                raise exception.NetworkNotCreated(req='--bridge')

        bridge_interface = bridge_interface or FLAGS.flat_interface or \
                           FLAGS.vlan_interface
        if not bridge_interface:
            interface_required = ['nova.network.manager.VlanManager']
            if FLAGS.network_manager in interface_required:
                raise exception.NetworkNotCreated(req='--bridge_interface')

        # sanitize other input using FLAGS if necessary
        if not num_networks:
            num_networks = FLAGS.num_networks
        if not network_size and fixed_range_v4:
            fixnet = netaddr.IPNetwork(fixed_range_v4)
            each_subnet_size = fixnet.size / int(num_networks)
            if each_subnet_size > FLAGS.network_size:
                network_size = FLAGS.network_size
                subnet = 32 - int(math.log(network_size, 2))
                oversize_msg = _('Subnet(s) too large, defaulting to /%s.'
                         '  To override, specify network_size flag.') % subnet
                print oversize_msg
            else:
                network_size = fixnet.size
        if not multi_host:
            multi_host = FLAGS.multi_host
        else:
            multi_host = multi_host == 'T'
        if not vlan_start:
            vlan_start = FLAGS.vlan_start
        if not vpn_start:
            vpn_start = FLAGS.vpn_start
        if not dns1 and FLAGS.flat_network_dns:
            dns1 = FLAGS.flat_network_dns

        if not network_size:
            network_size = FLAGS.network_size

        if fixed_cidr:
            fixed_cidr = netaddr.IPNetwork(fixed_cidr)

        # create the network
        net_manager = utils.import_object(FLAGS.network_manager)
        net_manager.create_networks(context.get_admin_context(),
                                    label=label,
                                    cidr=fixed_range_v4,
                                    multi_host=multi_host,
                                    num_networks=int(num_networks),
                                    network_size=int(network_size),
                                    vlan_start=int(vlan_start),
                                    vpn_start=int(vpn_start),
                                    cidr_v6=fixed_range_v6,
                                    gateway=gateway,
                                    gateway_v6=gateway_v6,
                                    bridge=bridge,
                                    bridge_interface=bridge_interface,
                                    dns1=dns1,
                                    dns2=dns2,
                                    project_id=project_id,
                                    priority=priority,
                                    uuid=uuid,
                                    fixed_cidr=fixed_cidr)

    def list(self):
        """List all created networks"""
        _fmt = "%-5s\t%-18s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s"
        print _fmt % (_('id'),
                          _('IPv4'),
                          _('IPv6'),
                          _('start address'),
                          _('DNS1'),
                          _('DNS2'),
                          _('VlanID'),
                          _('project'),
                          _("uuid"))
        for network in db.network_get_all(context.get_admin_context()):
            print _fmt % (network.id,
                          network.cidr,
                          network.cidr_v6,
                          network.dhcp_start,
                          network.dns1,
                          network.dns2,
                          network.vlan,
                          network.project_id,
                          network.uuid)

    def quantum_list(self):
        """List all created networks with Quantum-relevant fields"""
        _fmt = "%-32s\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%s , %s"
        print _fmt % (_('uuid'),
                      _('project'),
                      _('priority'),
                      _('cidr_v4'),
                      _('cidr_v6'))
        for network in db.network_get_all(context.get_admin_context()):
            print _fmt % (network.uuid,
                          network.project_id,
                          network.priority,
                          network.cidr,
                          network.cidr_v6)

    @args('--fixed_range', dest="fixed_range", metavar='<x.x.x.x/yy>',
            help='Network to delete')
    @args('--uuid', dest='uuid', metavar='<uuid>',
            help='UUID of network to delete')
    def delete(self, fixed_range=None, uuid=None):
        """Deletes a network"""

        if fixed_range is None and uuid is None:
            raise Exception("Please specify either fixed_range or uuid")

        net_manager = utils.import_object(FLAGS.network_manager)
        if "QuantumManager" in FLAGS.network_manager:
            if uuid is None:
                raise Exception("UUID is required to delete Quantum Networks")
            if fixed_range:
                raise Exception("Deleting by fixed_range is not supported " \
                    "with the QuantumManager")
        # delete the network
        net_manager.delete_network(context.get_admin_context(),
            fixed_range, uuid)

    @args('--fixed_range', dest="fixed_range", metavar='<x.x.x.x/yy>',
            help='Network to modify')
    @args('--project', dest="project", metavar='<project name>',
            help='Project name to associate')
    @args('--host', dest="host", metavar='<host>',
            help='Host to associate')
    @args('--disassociate-project', action="store_true", dest='dis_project',
          default=False, help='Disassociate Network from Project')
    @args('--disassociate-host', action="store_true", dest='dis_host',
          default=False, help='Disassociate Host from Project')
    def modify(self, fixed_range, project=None, host=None,
               dis_project=None, dis_host=None):
        """Associate/Disassociate Network with Project and/or Host
        arguments: network project host
        leave any field blank to ignore it
        """
        admin_context = context.get_admin_context()
        network = db.network_get_by_cidr(admin_context, fixed_range)
        net = {}
        #User can choose the following actions each for project and host.
        #1) Associate (set not None value given by project/host parameter)
        #2) Disassociate (set None by disassociate parameter)
        #3) Keep unchanged (project/host key is not added to 'net')
        if project:
            net['project_id'] = project
        elif dis_project:
            net['project_id'] = None
        if host:
            net['host'] = host
        elif dis_host:
            net['host'] = None
        db.network_update(admin_context, network['id'], net)


class VmCommands(object):
    """Class for mangaging VM instances."""

    @args('--host', dest="host", metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    def list(self, host=None):
        """Show a list of all instances"""

        print "%-10s %-15s %-10s %-10s %-26s %-9s %-9s %-9s" \
              "  %-10s %-10s %-10s %-5s" % (
            _('instance'),
            _('node'),
            _('type'),
            _('state'),
            _('launched'),
            _('image'),
            _('kernel'),
            _('ramdisk'),
            _('project'),
            _('user'),
            _('zone'),
            _('index'))

        if host is None:
            instances = db.instance_get_all(context.get_admin_context())
        else:
            instances = db.instance_get_all_by_host(
                           context.get_admin_context(), host)

        for instance in instances:
            print "%-10s %-15s %-10s %-10s %-26s %-9s %-9s %-9s" \
                  "  %-10s %-10s %-10s %-5d" % (
                instance['display_name'],
                instance['host'],
                instance['instance_type'].name,
                instance['vm_state'],
                instance['launched_at'],
                instance['image_ref'],
                instance['kernel_id'],
                instance['ramdisk_id'],
                instance['project_id'],
                instance['user_id'],
                instance['availability_zone'],
                instance['launch_index'])


class ServiceCommands(object):
    """Enable and disable running services"""

    @args('--host', dest='host', metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    @args('--service', dest='service', metavar='<service>',
            help='Nova service')
    def list(self, host=None, service=None):
        """
        Show a list of all running services. Filter by host & service name.
        """
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        now = utils.utcnow()
        services = db.service_get_all(ctxt)
        if host:
            services = [s for s in services if s['host'] == host]
        if service:
            services = [s for s in services if s['binary'] == service]
        print_format = "%-16s %-36s %-16s %-10s %-5s %-10s"
        print print_format % (
                    _('Binary'),
                    _('Host'),
                    _('Zone'),
                    _('Status'),
                    _('State'),
                    _('Updated_At'))
        for svc in services:
            delta = now - (svc['updated_at'] or svc['created_at'])
            alive = abs(utils.total_seconds(delta)) <= FLAGS.service_down_time
            art = (alive and ":-)") or "XXX"
            active = 'enabled'
            if svc['disabled']:
                active = 'disabled'
            print print_format % (svc['binary'], svc['host'],
                                  svc['availability_zone'], active, art,
                                  svc['updated_at'])

    @args('--host', dest='host', metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    @args('--service', dest='service', metavar='<service>',
            help='Nova service')
    def enable(self, host, service):
        """Enable scheduling for a service"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        svc = db.service_get_by_args(ctxt, host, service)
        if not svc:
            print "Unable to find service"
            return
        db.service_update(ctxt, svc['id'], {'disabled': False})

    @args('--host', dest='host', metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    @args('--service', dest='service', metavar='<service>',
            help='Nova service')
    def disable(self, host, service):
        """Disable scheduling for a service"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        svc = db.service_get_by_args(ctxt, host, service)
        if not svc:
            print "Unable to find service"
            return
        db.service_update(ctxt, svc['id'], {'disabled': True})

    @args('--host', dest='host', metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    def describe_resource(self, host):
        """Describes cpu/memory/hdd info for host.

        :param host: hostname.

        """
        result = rpc.call(context.get_admin_context(),
                     FLAGS.scheduler_topic,
                     {"method": "show_host_resources",
                      "args": {"host": host}})

        if not isinstance(result, dict):
            print _('An unexpected error has occurred.')
            print _('[Result]'), result
        else:
            # Printing a total and used_now
            # (NOTE)The host name width 16 characters
            print '%(a)-25s%(b)16s%(c)8s%(d)8s%(e)8s' % {"a": _('HOST'),
                                                         "b": _('PROJECT'),
                                                         "c": _('cpu'),
                                                         "d": _('mem(mb)'),
                                                         "e": _('hdd')}
            print '%(a)-16s(total)%(b)26s%(c)8s%(d)8s' %\
                              {"a": host,
                               "b": result['resource']['vcpus'],
                               "c": result['resource']['memory_mb'],
                               "d": result['resource']['local_gb']}

            print '%(a)-16s(used_now)%(b)23s%(c)8s%(d)8s' %\
                              {"a": host,
                               "b": result['resource']['vcpus_used'],
                               "c": result['resource']['memory_mb_used'],
                               "d": result['resource']['local_gb_used']}

            # Printing a used_max
            cpu_sum = 0
            mem_sum = 0
            hdd_sum = 0
            for p_id, val in result['usage'].items():
                cpu_sum += val['vcpus']
                mem_sum += val['memory_mb']
                hdd_sum += val['root_gb']
                hdd_sum += val['ephemeral_gb']
            print '%(a)-16s(used_max)%(b)23s%(c)8s%(d)8s' % {"a": host,
                                                             "b": cpu_sum,
                                                             "c": mem_sum,
                                                             "d": hdd_sum}

            for p_id, val in result['usage'].items():
                print '%(a)-25s%(b)16s%(c)8s%(d)8s%(e)8s' % {
                        "a": host,
                        "b": p_id,
                        "c": val['vcpus'],
                        "d": val['memory_mb'],
                        "e": val['root_gb'] + val['ephemeral_gb']}


class HostCommands(object):
    """List hosts"""

    def list(self, zone=None):
        """Show a list of all physical hosts. Filter by zone.
        args: [zone]"""
        print "%-25s\t%-15s" % (_('host'),
                                _('zone'))
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        now = utils.utcnow()
        services = db.service_get_all(ctxt)
        if zone:
            services = [s for s in services if s['availability_zone'] == zone]
        hosts = []
        for srv in services:
            if not [h for h in hosts if h['host'] == srv['host']]:
                hosts.append(srv)

        for h in hosts:
            print "%-25s\t%-15s" % (h['host'], h['availability_zone'])


class DbCommands(object):
    """Class for managing the database."""

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @args('--version', dest='version', metavar='<version>',
            help='Database version')
    def sync(self, version=None):
        """Sync the database up to the most recent version."""
        return migration.db_sync(version)

    def version(self):
        """Print the current database version."""
        print migration.db_version()


class VersionCommands(object):
    """Class for exposing the codebase version."""

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def list(self):
        print _("%s (%s)") %\
                (version.version_string(), version.version_string_with_vcs())

    def __call__(self):
        self.list()


class VolumeCommands(object):
    """Methods for dealing with a cloud in an odd state"""

    @args('--volume', dest='volume_id', metavar='<volume id>',
            help='Volume ID')
    def delete(self, volume_id):
        """Delete a volume, bypassing the check that it
        must be available."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        volume = db.volume_get(ctxt, param2id(volume_id))
        host = volume['host']

        if not host:
            print "Volume not yet assigned to host."
            print "Deleting volume from database and skipping rpc."
            db.volume_destroy(ctxt, param2id(volume_id))
            return

        if volume['status'] == 'in-use':
            print "Volume is in-use."
            print "Detach volume from instance and then try again."
            return

        rpc.cast(ctxt,
                 db.queue_get_for(ctxt, FLAGS.volume_topic, host),
                 {"method": "delete_volume",
                  "args": {"volume_id": volume['id']}})

    @args('--volume', dest='volume_id', metavar='<volume id>',
            help='Volume ID')
    def reattach(self, volume_id):
        """Re-attach a volume that has previously been attached
        to an instance.  Typically called after a compute host
        has been rebooted."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        volume = db.volume_get(ctxt, param2id(volume_id))
        if not volume['instance_id']:
            print "volume is not attached to an instance"
            return
        instance = db.instance_get(ctxt, volume['instance_id'])
        host = instance['host']
        rpc.cast(ctxt,
                 db.queue_get_for(ctxt, FLAGS.compute_topic, host),
                 {"method": "attach_volume",
                  "args": {"instance_id": instance['id'],
                           "volume_id": volume['id'],
                           "mountpoint": volume['mountpoint']}})


class InstanceTypeCommands(object):
    """Class for managing instance types / flavors."""

    def _print_instance_types(self, name, val):
        deleted = ('', ', inactive')[val["deleted"] == 1]
        print ("%s: Memory: %sMB, VCPUS: %s, Root: %sGB, Ephemeral: %sGb, "
            "FlavorID: %s, Swap: %sMB, RXTX Factor: %s") % (
            name, val["memory_mb"], val["vcpus"], val["root_gb"],
            val["ephemeral_gb"], val["flavorid"], val["swap"],
            val["rxtx_factor"])

    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>',
            help='Name of instance type/flavor')
    @args('--memory', dest='memory', metavar='<memory size>',
            help='Memory size')
    @args('--cpu', dest='vcpus', metavar='<num cores>', help='Number cpus')
    @args('--root_gb', dest='root_gb', metavar='<root_gb>',
            help='Root disk size')
    @args('--ephemeral_gb', dest='ephemeral_gb', metavar='<ephemeral_gb>',
            help='Ephemeral disk size')
    @args('--flavor', dest='flavorid', metavar='<flavor  id>',
            help='Flavor ID')
    @args('--swap', dest='swap', metavar='<swap>', help='Swap')
    @args('--rxtx_factor', dest='rxtx_factor', metavar='<rxtx_factor>',
            help='rxtx_factor')
    def create(self, name, memory, vcpus, root_gb, ephemeral_gb, flavorid,
               swap=0, rxtx_factor=1):
        """Creates instance types / flavors"""
        try:
            instance_types.create(name, memory, vcpus, root_gb,
                                  ephemeral_gb, flavorid, swap, rxtx_factor)
        except exception.InvalidInput, e:
            print "Must supply valid parameters to create instance_type"
            print e
            sys.exit(1)
        except exception.InstanceTypeExists:
            print "Instance Type exists."
            print "Please ensure instance_type name and flavorid are unique."
            print "Currently defined instance_type names and flavorids:"
            print
            self.list()
            sys.exit(2)
        except Exception:
            print "Unknown error"
            sys.exit(3)
        else:
            print "%s created" % name

    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>',
            help='Name of instance type/flavor')
    def delete(self, name):
        """Marks instance types / flavors as deleted"""
        try:
            instance_types.destroy(name)
        except exception.InstanceTypeNotFound:
            print "Valid instance type name is required"
            sys.exit(1)
        except exception.DBError, e:
            print "DB Error: %s" % e
            sys.exit(2)
        except Exception:
            sys.exit(3)
        else:
            print "%s deleted" % name

    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>',
            help='Name of instance type/flavor')
    def list(self, name=None):
        """Lists all active or specific instance types / flavors"""
        try:
            if name is None:
                inst_types = instance_types.get_all_types()
            else:
                inst_types = instance_types.get_instance_type_by_name(name)
        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)
        if isinstance(inst_types.values()[0], dict):
            for k, v in inst_types.iteritems():
                self._print_instance_types(k, v)
        else:
            self._print_instance_types(name, inst_types)


class StorageManagerCommands(object):
    """Class for mangaging Storage Backends and Flavors"""

    def flavor_list(self, flavor=None):
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()

        try:
            if flavor is None:
                flavors = db.sm_flavor_get_all(ctxt)
            else:
                flavors = db.sm_flavor_get(ctxt, flavor)
        except exception.NotFound as ex:
            print "error: %s" % ex
            sys.exit(2)

        print "%-18s\t%-20s\t%s" % (_('id'),
                                    _('Label'),
                                    _('Description'))

        for flav in flavors:
            print "%-18s\t%-20s\t%s" % (
                    flav['id'],
                    flav['label'],
                    flav['description'])

    def flavor_create(self, label, desc):
        # TODO(renukaapte) flavor name must be unique
        try:
            db.sm_flavor_create(context.get_admin_context(),
                                dict(label=label,
                                     description=desc))
        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)

    def flavor_delete(self, label):
        try:
            db.sm_flavor_delete(context.get_admin_context(), label)

        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)

    def _splitfun(self, item):
        i = item.split("=")
        return i[0:2]

    def backend_list(self, backend_conf_id=None):
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()

        try:
            if backend_conf_id is None:
                backends = db.sm_backend_conf_get_all(ctxt)
            else:
                backends = db.sm_backend_conf_get(ctxt, backend_conf_id)

        except exception.NotFound as ex:
            print "error: %s" % ex
            sys.exit(2)

        print "%-5s\t%-10s\t%-40s\t%-10s\t%s" % (_('id'),
                                                      _('Flavor id'),
                                                      _('SR UUID'),
                                                      _('SR Type'),
                                                      _('Config Parameters'),)

        for b in backends:
            print "%-5s\t%-10s\t%-40s\t%-10s\t%s" % (b['id'],
                                                     b['flavor_id'],
                                                     b['sr_uuid'],
                                                     b['sr_type'],
                                                     b['config_params'],)

    def backend_add(self, flavor_label, sr_type, *args):
        # TODO(renukaapte) Add backend_introduce.
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        params = dict(map(self._splitfun, args))
        sr_uuid = utils.gen_uuid()

        if flavor_label is None:
            print "error: backend needs to be associated with flavor"
            sys.exit(2)

        try:
            flavors = db.sm_flavor_get(ctxt, flavor_label)

        except exception.NotFound as ex:
            print "error: %s" % ex
            sys.exit(2)

        config_params = " ".join(['%s=%s' %
                               (key, params[key]) for key in params])

        if 'sr_uuid' in params:
            sr_uuid = params['sr_uuid']
            try:
                backend = db.sm_backend_conf_get_by_sr(ctxt, sr_uuid)
            except exception.DBError, e:
                _db_error(e)

            if backend:
                print 'Backend config found. Would you like to recreate this?'
                print '(WARNING:Recreating will destroy all VDIs on backend!!)'
                c = raw_input('Proceed? (y/n) ')
                if c == 'y' or c == 'Y':
                    try:
                        db.sm_backend_conf_update(ctxt, backend['id'],
                                        dict(created=False,
                                             flavor_id=flavors['id'],
                                             sr_type=sr_type,
                                             config_params=config_params))
                    except exception.DBError, e:
                        _db_error(e)
                return

            else:
                print 'Backend config not found. Would you like to create it?'

        print '(WARNING: Creating will destroy all data on backend!!!)'
        c = raw_input('Proceed? (y/n) ')
        if c == 'y' or c == 'Y':
            try:
                db.sm_backend_conf_create(ctxt,
                                          dict(flavor_id=flavors['id'],
                                               sr_uuid=sr_uuid,
                                               sr_type=sr_type,
                                               config_params=config_params))
            except exception.DBError, e:
                _db_error(e)

    def backend_remove(self, backend_conf_id):
        try:
            db.sm_backend_conf_delete(context.get_admin_context(),
                                      backend_conf_id)

        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)


class AgentBuildCommands(object):
    """Class for managing agent builds."""

    def create(self, os, architecture, version, url, md5hash,
                hypervisor='xen'):
        """Creates a new agent build."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        agent_build = db.agent_build_create(ctxt,
                                            {'hypervisor': hypervisor,
                                             'os': os,
                                             'architecture': architecture,
                                             'version': version,
                                             'url': url,
                                             'md5hash': md5hash})

    def delete(self, os, architecture, hypervisor='xen'):
        """Deletes an existing agent build."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        agent_build_ref = db.agent_build_get_by_triple(ctxt,
                                  hypervisor, os, architecture)
        db.agent_build_destroy(ctxt, agent_build_ref['id'])

    def list(self, hypervisor=None):
        """Lists all agent builds.
        arguments: <none>"""
        fmt = "%-10s  %-8s  %12s  %s"
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        by_hypervisor = {}
        for agent_build in db.agent_build_get_all(ctxt):
            buildlist = by_hypervisor.get(agent_build.hypervisor)
            if not buildlist:
                buildlist = by_hypervisor[agent_build.hypervisor] = []

            buildlist.append(agent_build)

        for key, buildlist in by_hypervisor.iteritems():
            if hypervisor and key != hypervisor:
                continue

            print "Hypervisor: %s" % key
            print fmt % ('-' * 10, '-' * 8, '-' * 12, '-' * 32)
            for agent_build in buildlist:
                print fmt % (agent_build.os, agent_build.architecture,
                             agent_build.version, agent_build.md5hash)
                print '    %s' % agent_build.url

            print

    def modify(self, os, architecture, version, url, md5hash,
               hypervisor='xen'):
        """Update an existing agent build."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        agent_build_ref = db.agent_build_get_by_triple(ctxt,
                                  hypervisor, os, architecture)
        db.agent_build_update(ctxt, agent_build_ref['id'],
                              {'version': version,
                               'url': url,
                               'md5hash': md5hash})


class ConfigCommands(object):
    """Class for exposing the flags defined by flag_file(s)."""

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def list(self):
        for key, value in FLAGS.iteritems():
            if value is not None:
                print '%s = %s' % (key, value)

    @args('--infile', dest='infile', metavar='<path>',
          help='old-style flagfile to convert to config')
    @args('--outfile', dest='outfile', metavar='<path>',
          help='path for output file. Writes config'
               'to stdout if not specified.')
    def convert(self, infile, outfile=None):
        """Converts a flagfile and prints results to stdout."""
        arg = '--flagfile=%s' % infile
        with flagfile.handle_flagfiles_managed([arg]) as newargs:
            with open(newargs[0].split('=')[1]) as configfile:
                config = configfile.read()
            if outfile:
                with open(outfile, 'w') as configfile:
                    configfile.write(config)
            else:
                print config,


class GetLogCommands(object):
    """Get logging information"""

    def errors(self):
        """Get all of the errors from the log files"""
        error_found = 0
        if FLAGS.logdir:
            logs = [x for x in os.listdir(FLAGS.logdir) if x.endswith('.log')]
            for file in logs:
                log_file = os.path.join(FLAGS.logdir, file)
                lines = [line.strip() for line in open(log_file, "r")]
                lines.reverse()
                print_name = 0
                for index, line in enumerate(lines):
                    if line.find(" ERROR ") > 0:
                        error_found += 1
                        if print_name == 0:
                            print log_file + ":-"
                            print_name = 1
                        print "Line %d : %s" % (len(lines) - index, line)
        if error_found == 0:
            print "No errors in logfiles!"

    def syslog(self, num_entries=10):
        """Get <num_entries> of the nova syslog events"""
        entries = int(num_entries)
        count = 0
        log_file = ''
        if os.path.exists('/var/log/syslog'):
            log_file = '/var/log/syslog'
        elif os.path.exists('/var/log/messages'):
            log_file = '/var/log/messages'
        else:
            print "Unable to find system log file!"
            sys.exit(1)
        lines = [line.strip() for line in open(log_file, "r")]
        lines.reverse()
        print "Last %s nova syslog entries:-" % (entries)
        for line in lines:
            if line.find("nova") > 0:
                count += 1
                print "%s" % (line)
            if count == entries:
                break

        if count == 0:
            print "No nova entries in syslog!"


class ExportCommands(object):
    """Commands used to export data from Nova"""

    def auth(self):
        """Export Nova auth data in format that can be consumed by Keystone"""
        print json.dumps(self._get_auth_data())

    def _get_auth_data(self):
        output = {
            'users': [],
            'tenants': [],
            'user_tenant_list': [],
            'ec2_credentials': [],
            'roles': [],
            'role_user_tenant_list': [],
        }

        am = manager.AuthManager()

        for user in am.get_users():
            # NOTE(vish): Deprecated auth uses an access key, no auth uses a
            #             the user_id in place of it.
            if FLAGS.auth_strategy == 'deprecated':
                access = user.access
            else:
                access = user.id

            user_dict = {
                'id': user.id,
                'name': user.name,
                'password': access,
            }
            output['users'].append(user_dict)

            ec2_cred = {
                'user_id': user.id,
                'access_key': access,
                'secret_key': user.secret,
            }
            output['ec2_credentials'].append(ec2_cred)

        for project in am.get_projects():
            tenant = {
                'id': project.id,
                'name': project.name,
                'description': project.description,
            }
            output['tenants'].append(tenant)

            for user_id in project.member_ids:
                membership = {
                    'tenant_id': project.id,
                    'user_id': user_id,
                }
                output['user_tenant_list'].append(membership)

        for role in am.get_roles():
            if role not in output['roles']:
                output['roles'].append(role)

        for project in am.get_projects():
            for user_id in project.member_ids:
                user = am.get_user(user_id)
                for role in am.get_user_roles(user_id, project.id):
                    role_grant = {
                        'role': role,
                        'user_id': user_id,
                        'tenant_id': project.id,
                    }
                    output['role_user_tenant_list'].append(role_grant)

        return output


CATEGORIES = [
    ('account', AccountCommands),
    ('agent', AgentBuildCommands),
    ('config', ConfigCommands),
    ('db', DbCommands),
    ('export', ExportCommands),
    ('fixed', FixedIpCommands),
    ('flavor', InstanceTypeCommands),
    ('floating', FloatingIpCommands),
    ('host', HostCommands),
    ('instance_type', InstanceTypeCommands),
    ('network', NetworkCommands),
    ('project', ProjectCommands),
    ('role', RoleCommands),
    ('service', ServiceCommands),
    ('shell', ShellCommands),
    ('sm', StorageManagerCommands),
    ('user', UserCommands),
    ('version', VersionCommands),
    ('vm', VmCommands),
    ('volume', VolumeCommands),
    ('vpn', VpnCommands),
    ('logs', GetLogCommands)]


def lazy_match(name, key_value_tuples):
    """Finds all objects that have a key that case insensitively contains
    [name] key_value_tuples is a list of tuples of the form (key, value)
    returns a list of tuples of the form (key, value)"""
    result = []
    for (k, v) in key_value_tuples:
        if k.lower().find(name.lower()) == 0:
            result.append((k, v))
    if len(result) == 0:
        print "%s does not match any options:" % name
        for k, _v in key_value_tuples:
            print "\t%s" % k
        sys.exit(2)
    if len(result) > 1:
        print "%s matched multiple options:" % name
        for k, _v in result:
            print "\t%s" % k
        sys.exit(2)
    return result


def methods_of(obj):
    """Get all callable methods of an object that don't start with underscore
    returns a list of tuples of the form (method_name, method)"""
    result = []
    for i in dir(obj):
        if callable(getattr(obj, i)) and not i.startswith('_'):
            result.append((i, getattr(obj, i)))
    return result


def main():
    """Parse options and call the appropriate class/method."""
    flagfile = utils.default_flagfile('/etc/nova/nova.conf')

    if flagfile and not os.access(flagfile, os.R_OK):
        st = os.stat(flagfile)
        print "Could not read %s. Re-running with sudo" % flagfile
        try:
            os.execvp('sudo', ['sudo', '-u', '#%s' % st.st_uid] + sys.argv)
        except Exception:
            print 'sudo failed, continuing as if nothing happened'

    try:
        argv = FLAGS(sys.argv)
        logging.setup()
    except IOError, e:
        if e.errno == errno.EACCES:
            print _('Please re-run nova-manage as root.')
            sys.exit(2)
        raise

    script_name = argv.pop(0)
    if len(argv) < 1:
        print _("\nOpenStack Nova version: %s (%s)\n") %\
                (version.version_string(), version.version_string_with_vcs())
        print script_name + " category action [<args>]"
        print _("Available categories:")
        for k, _v in CATEGORIES:
            print "\t%s" % k
        sys.exit(2)
    category = argv.pop(0)
    matches = lazy_match(category, CATEGORIES)
    # instantiate the command group object
    category, fn = matches[0]
    command_object = fn()
    actions = methods_of(command_object)
    if len(argv) < 1:
        if hasattr(command_object, '__call__'):
            action = ''
            fn = command_object.__call__
        else:
            print script_name + " category action [<args>]"
            print _("Available actions for %s category:") % category
            for k, _v in actions:
                print "\t%s" % k
            sys.exit(2)
    else:
        action = argv.pop(0)
        matches = lazy_match(action, actions)
        action, fn = matches[0]

    # For not decorated methods
    options = getattr(fn, 'options', [])

    usage = "%%prog %s %s <args> [options]" % (category, action)
    parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=usage)
    for ar, kw in options:
        parser.add_option(*ar, **kw)
    (opts, fn_args) = parser.parse_args(argv)
    fn_kwargs = vars(opts)

    for k, v in fn_kwargs.items():
        if v is None:
            del fn_kwargs[k]
        else:
            fn_kwargs[k] = v.decode('utf-8')

    fn_args = [arg.decode('utf-8') for arg in fn_args]

    # call the action with the remaining arguments
    try:
        fn(*fn_args, **fn_kwargs)
        rpc.cleanup()
        sys.exit(0)
    except TypeError:
        print _("Possible wrong number of arguments supplied")
        print fn.__doc__
        parser.print_help()
        raise
    except Exception:
        print _("Command failed, please check log for more info")
        raise

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()