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Although the preferred method of installing programs is with the package
manager, individual software package files can be downloaded and installed.
Several kinds of package files are available for Linux systems. Generally,
these file types are associated with the package managers of specific Linux
distributions.
</p><p>
To install a particular application, it is preferable to select a <span>Kubuntu</span>
package of the application, and install it with a package manager. This ensures
that the program is compatible with other software on the system. If there
is no version of the package available through a package manager, it may be
possible to install it manually. The installation procedure depends on the type
of package file.
</p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="debfile-install"></a>Install/Uninstall .deb files</h3></div></div></div><p>
The package files associated with <span>Kubuntu</span> have the <span class="emphasis"><em>.deb</em></span>
suffix because of <span>Kubuntu</span>'s close relationship with the Debian
GNU/Linux distribution. Individual <span class="emphasis"><em>.deb</em></span> files can be
downloaded and installed. Administrative privileges are required to do this.
</p><p>
To install a .deb file, simply <span class="mousebutton">Left</span> click on the
.deb file to initiate the installation process. A prompt will appear for a
password associated with the necessary administrative privilege.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="alien"></a>Convert .rpm files to .deb files</h3></div></div></div><p>
Red Hat Package Manager files have the <span class="emphasis"><em>.rpm</em></span>
suffix. Installing these on a <span>Kubuntu</span> system is not recommended. In almost
all cases, a native <span>Kubuntu</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>.deb</em></span> version of the package
is available. However, if necessary, an <span class="emphasis"><em>.rpm</em></span> file can be
converted to a <span class="emphasis"><em>.deb</em></span> package by using a program called
<span class="application">alien</span>.
</p><div class="procedure"><a name="idp1699336"></a><p class="title"><b>Procedure 1. Installing Alien</b></p><ol class="procedure" type="1"><li class="step"><p>
Open <span class="application">Muon</span> by going to <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guimenu">Kickoff Application Launcher</span></span> → <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guisubmenu">Computer</span></span> → <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guimenuitem">Muon Software Center</span></span>.
</p></li><li class="step"><p>
Enter <strong class="userinput"><code>alien</code></strong> in the <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guilabel">Search</span></span> box
near the top of the window.
</p></li><li class="step"><p>
Locate the package named <span class="application">alien</span> and
select it. Press the <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guibutton">Installation</span></span> button near the
bottom right of the window.
</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
The text in the <span class="emphasis"><em>Requested</em></span> column will turn green and
change from <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">No Change</span>”</span> to <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Install</span>”</span>.
</p></div></li><li class="step"><p>
Additional packages may be required as dependencies. If so, a list will be
displayed. Click the <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guibutton">OK</span></span> button to mark them for
installation.
</p></li><li class="step"><p>
Press the <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guibutton">Apply Changes</span></span> button in the toolbar.
</p></li><li class="step"><p>
If prompted, enter the proper password and press <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guibutton">OK</span></span>.
</p></li><li class="step"><p>
Once the installation has completed, close <span class="application">Muon</span>.
</p></li></ol></div><div class="procedure"><a name="idp3430240"></a><p class="title"><b>Procedure 2. Using alien</b></p><ol class="procedure" type="1"><li class="step"><p>
Open <span class="application">Konsole</span> by going to <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guimenu">Kickoff Application Launcher</span></span> → <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guisubmenu">Applications</span></span> → <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guisubmenu">System</span></span> → <span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guimenuitem">Terminal (Konsole)</span></span>.
</p></li><li class="step"><p>
At the command prompt, type <strong class="userinput"><code>sudo alien package_file.rpm</code></strong>
and press the <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span> key to create a <span class="emphasis"><em>.deb</em></span>
file in the same directory.
</p></li><li class="step"><p>
For more information on <span class="application">alien</span>, type <strong class="userinput"><code>man
alien</code></strong> at the command prompt. When finished, press
<span class="keycap"><strong>q</strong></span> to exit.
</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="tarball-install"></a>Install from Source</h3></div></div></div><p>
Files with the <span class="emphasis"><em>.tar.gz</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>.tar.bz2</em></span>
suffix are package files known as <span class="emphasis"><em>tarballs</em></span> or
<span class="emphasis"><em>source</em></span> packages. These are widely used in Linux. If there
is no native <span>Kubuntu</span> package available in any of the repositories, it may be
possible to compile and install the package from source. For tips on compiling
software, look at the <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilingSoftware" target="_top">Compiling Software</a> page
in the Ubuntu Wiki.
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