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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | <html><head><title>Introduction To The Command Line</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="help:/common/kde-default.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="help:/common/kde-docs.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="help:/common/kde-localised.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="help:/common/kubuntu.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1"><meta name="description" content="This document provides a brief description of the Linux command line. It is not a complete guide, but rather an introduction to complement Kubuntu's graphical tools."><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Introduction To The Command Line"><link rel="next" href="terminal.html" title="Starting A Terminal"><link rel="copyright" href="legal.html" title="Credits and License"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><meta name="GENERATOR" content="KDE XSL Stylesheet V1.14 using libxslt"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div id="content"><div id="header"><div id="header_content"><div id="header_left"><div id="header_right"><img src="help:/common/top-kde.jpg" width="36" height="34"> Introduction To The Command Line</div></div></div></div><div class="navCenter"><table class="navigation"><tr><td class="prevCell"></td><td class="upCell"> </td><td class="nextCell"><a accesskey="n" href="terminal.html">Next</a></td></tr></table></div><div id="contentBody"><div class="article"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="cli"></a>Introduction To The Command Line</h2></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2011 Canonical Ltd. and members of the <a class="ulink" href="https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc" target="_top">Ubuntu Documentation Project</a></p></div><div><a href="legal.html">Credits and License</a></div><div><div><div class="abstract"><p>
This document provides a brief description of the <span class="trademark">Linux</span>™
command line. It is not a complete guide, but rather an introduction to
complement <span>Kubuntu</span>'s graphical tools.
</p></div></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="index.html#introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="terminal.html">Starting A Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="files-directories.html">File and Directory Commands</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="files-directories.html#pwd">pwd - print working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="files-directories.html#cd">cd - change directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="files-directories.html#ls">ls - list files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="files-directories.html#touch">touch - create empty file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="files-directories.html#mkdir">mkdir - make directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="files-directories.html#cp">cp - copy files or directories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="files-directories.html#mv">mv - move files or directories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="files-directories.html#rm">rm - remove files or directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="sysinfo.html">System Information Commands</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="sysinfo.html#df">df - display amount of disk space</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="sysinfo.html#free">free - display amount of free and used memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="sysinfo.html#top">top - display top consuming processes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="sysinfo.html#uname">uname - print details about the current machine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="sysinfo.html#lsb_release">lsb_release - print details about current Linux release</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="elevated-privileges.html">Executing Commands with Elevated Privileges</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="elevated-privileges.html#add-group">Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="elevated-privileges.html#add-user">Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="elevated-privileges.html#passwd">Add or Change a User Password</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="elevated-privileges.html#assign-user-group">Assign User to Group</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="options.html">Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="man-help.html"><span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Man</span>”</span> and Getting Help</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="man-help.html#searching-for-man-files">Searching for man files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="cut-and-paste.html">Cutting and Pasting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="tips.html">Tips</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="more-information.html">More Information</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>
"Under <span class="trademark">Linux</span>™ there are <acronym class="acronym">GUI</acronym>s
(graphical user interfaces), where you can point and click and drag and
hopefully get work done without first reading lots of documentation. The
traditional <span class="trademark">Unix</span>™ environment is a
<acronym class="acronym">CLI</acronym> (command line interface), where you type commands to
tell the computer what to do. That is faster and more powerful, but requires
finding out what the commands are." -- from <span class="emphasis"><em>man intro(1)</em></span>
</em></span>
</p><p>
This guide describes some basic <span class="trademark">GNU</span>™/
<span class="trademark">Linux</span>™ shell commands. It is not intended to be a
complete guide to the command line, just an introduction to complement
<span>Kubuntu</span>'s graphical tools.
</p><p>
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>
All command names, file names, or paths to directories will be shown using a
<span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="command"><span class="command"><strong>monospace font</strong></span></span>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
The commands should be issued from a command prompt within a
<span class="application">Terminal</span> and will be shown as:
</p><pre class="screen">command to type</pre><p>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Command Line <span class="trademark">Linux</span>™ is case
sensitive.</em></span> User, user, and USER are each different and distinct in
<span class="trademark">Linux</span>™.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
</p></div></div></div><div id="footer"><div class="navCenter"><table class="navigation"><tr><td class="prevCell"></td><td class="upCell"> </td><td class="nextCell"><a accesskey="n" href="terminal.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td class="prevCell"> </td><td class="upCell"> </td><td class="nextCell"> Starting A Terminal</td></tr></table></div><div id="footer_text"><br><a href="mailto:ubuntu-docs@lists.ubuntu.com" class="footer_email">
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