/lib/systemd/system-generators/systemd-crontab-generator is in systemd-cron 1.5.13-1.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o755.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
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import sys
import os
import pwd
import re
import string
from functools import reduce
import hashlib
envvar_re = re.compile(r'^([A-Za-z_0-9]+)\s*=\s*(.*)$')
MINUTES_SET = list(range(0, 60))
HOURS_SET = list(range(0, 24))
DAYS_SET = list(range(1, 32))
DOWS_SET = ['Sun', 'Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat']
MONTHS_SET = list(range(1, 13))
TIME_UNITS_SET = ['daily', 'weekly', 'monthly', 'quarterly', 'semi-annually', 'yearly']
KSH_SHELLS = ['/bin/sh', '/bin/dash', '/bin/ksh', '/bin/bash', '/usr/bin/zsh']
REBOOT_FILE = '/run/crond.reboot'
RANDOMIZED_DELAY = True
SELF = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
for pgm in ('/usr/sbin/sendmail', '/usr/lib/sendmail'):
if os.path.exists(pgm):
HAS_SENDMAIL = True
break
else:
HAS_SENDMAIL = False
class Persistent(object):
yes, no, auto = range(3)
@classmethod
def parse(cls, value):
value = value.strip().lower()
if value in ['yes', 'true', '1']:
return cls.yes
elif value in ['auto', '']:
return cls.auto
else:
return cls.no
def files(dirname):
try:
return list(filter(os.path.isfile, [os.path.join(dirname, f) for f in os.listdir(dirname)]))
except OSError:
return []
def expand_home_path(path, user):
try:
home = pwd.getpwnam(user).pw_dir
except KeyError:
return path
parts = path.split(':')
for i, part in enumerate(parts):
if part.startswith('~/'):
parts[i] = home + part[1:]
return ':'.join(parts)
def environment_string(env):
line = []
for k, v in env.items():
if ' ' in v:
line.append('"%s=%s"' % (k, v))
else:
line.append('%s=%s' % (k, v))
return ' '.join(line)
def parse_crontab(filename, withuser=True, monotonic=False):
basename = os.path.basename(filename)
environment = { }
random_delay = 1
start_hours_range = 0
boot_delay = 0
persistent = Persistent.yes if monotonic else Persistent.auto
batch = False
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
for line in f.readlines():
line = line.strip()
if not line or line.startswith('#'):
continue
envvar = envvar_re.match(line)
if envvar:
value = envvar.group(2)
value = value.strip("'").strip('"')
if envvar.group(1) == 'RANDOM_DELAY':
try:
random_delay = int(value)
except ValueError:
log(4, 'invalid RANDOM_DELAY in %s: %s' % (filename, line))
elif envvar.group(1) == 'START_HOURS_RANGE':
try:
start_hours_range = int(value.split('-')[0])
except ValueError:
log(4, 'invalid START_HOURS_RANGE in %s: %s' % (filename, line))
elif envvar.group(1) == 'DELAY':
try:
boot_delay = int(value)
except ValueError:
log(4, 'invalid DELAY in %s: %s' % (filename, line))
elif envvar.group(1) == 'PERSISTENT':
persistent = Persistent.parse(value)
elif not withuser and envvar.group(1) == 'PATH':
environment['PATH'] = expand_home_path(value, basename)
elif envvar.group(1) == 'BATCH':
batch = (value.strip().lower() in ['yes','true','1'])
elif envvar.group(1) == 'MAILTO':
environment[envvar.group(1)] = value
if value and not HAS_SENDMAIL:
log(4, 'a MTA is not installed, but MAILTO is set in %s' % filename)
else:
environment[envvar.group(1)] = value
continue
parts = line.split()
line = ' '.join(parts)
if monotonic:
if len(parts) < 4:
yield { 'l': line }
continue
period, delay, jobid = parts[0:3]
command = ' '.join(parts[3:])
period = {
'1': 'daily',
'7': 'weekly',
'30': 'monthly',
'31': 'monthly',
'@biannually': 'semi-annually',
'@bi-annually': 'semi-annually',
'@semiannually': 'semi-annually',
'@anually': 'yearly',
'@annually': 'yearly',
}.get(period, None) or period.lstrip('@')
try:
boot_delay = int(delay)
except ValueError:
log(4, 'invalid DELAY in %s: %s' % (filename, line))
boot_delay = 0
if boot_delay < 0: boot_delay = 0
valid_chars = "-_%s%s" % (string.ascii_letters, string.digits)
jobid = ''.join(c for c in jobid if c in valid_chars)
yield {
'e': environment_string(environment),
's': environment.get('SHELL','/bin/sh'),
'a': random_delay,
'l': line,
'f': filename,
'p': period.lower(),
'b': boot_delay,
'h': start_hours_range,
'P': False if persistent == Persistent.no else True,
'j': jobid,
'u': 'root',
'c': command,
'Z': batch,
}
else:
if line.startswith('@'):
if len(parts) < 2 + int(withuser):
yield { 'l': line }
continue
period = parts[0]
period = {
'@biannually': 'semi-annually',
'@bi-annually': 'semi-annually',
'@semiannually': 'semi-annually',
'@anually': 'yearly',
'@annually': 'yearly',
}.get(period, None) or period.lstrip('@')
user, command = (parts[1], ' '.join(parts[2:])) if withuser else (basename, ' '.join(parts[1:]))
yield {
'e': environment_string(environment),
's': environment.get('SHELL','/bin/sh'),
'a': random_delay,
'l': line,
'f': filename,
'p': period.lower(),
'b': boot_delay,
'h': start_hours_range,
'P': False if persistent == Persistent.no else True,
'j': basename,
'u': user,
'c': command,
'Z': batch,
}
else:
if len(parts) < 6 + int(withuser):
yield { 'l': line }
continue
minutes, hours, days = parts[0:3]
months, dows = parts[3:5]
user, command = (parts[5], ' '.join(parts[6:])) if withuser else (basename, ' '.join(parts[5:]))
yield {
'e': environment_string(environment),
's': environment.get('SHELL','/bin/sh'),
'a': random_delay,
'l': line,
'f': filename,
'b': boot_delay,
'm': parse_time_unit(filename, line, minutes, MINUTES_SET),
'h': parse_time_unit(filename, line, hours, HOURS_SET),
'd': parse_time_unit(filename, line, days, DAYS_SET),
'w': parse_time_unit(filename, line, dows, DOWS_SET, dow_map),
'M': parse_time_unit(filename, line, months, MONTHS_SET, month_map),
'P': True if persistent == Persistent.yes else False,
'j': basename,
'u': user,
'c': command,
'Z': batch,
}
def parse_time_unit(filename, line, value, values, mapping=int):
if value == '*':
return ['*']
try:
base = min(values)
# day of weeks
if isinstance(base, str):
base = 0
result = sorted(reduce(lambda a, i: a.union(set(i)), list(map(values.__getitem__,
list(map(parse_period(mapping, base), value.split(','))))), set()))
except ValueError:
result = []
if not len(result):
log(3, 'garbled time in %s [%s]: %s' % (filename, line, value))
return result
def month_map(month):
try:
return int(month)
except ValueError:
return ['jan', 'feb', 'mar', 'apr', 'may', 'jun', 'jul', 'aug', 'sep', 'nov', 'dec'].index(month.lower()[0:3]) + 1
def dow_map(dow):
try:
return ['sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat'].index(dow[0:3].lower())
except ValueError:
return int(dow) % 7
def parse_period(mapping=int, base=0):
def parser(value):
try:
range, step = value.split('/')
except ValueError:
range = value
step = 1
if range == '*':
return slice(None, None, int(step))
try:
start, end = range.split('-')
except ValueError:
start = end = range
return slice(mapping(start) - 1 + int(not(bool(base))), mapping(end) + int(not(bool(base))), int(step))
return parser
def generate_timer_unit(job, seq):
persistent = job['P']
command = job['c']
parts = command.split()
testremoved = None
standardoutput = None
delay = job['b']
daemon_reload = os.path.isfile(REBOOT_FILE)
try:
home = pwd.getpwnam(job['u']).pw_dir
except KeyError:
home = None
# perform smart substitutions for known shells
if job['s'] in KSH_SHELLS:
if home and command.startswith('~/'):
command = home + command[1:]
if (len(parts) >= 3 and
parts[-2] == '>' and
parts[-1] == '/dev/null'):
command = ' '.join(parts[0:-2])
parts = command.split()
standardoutput='null';
if (len(parts) >= 2 and
parts[-1] == '>/dev/null'):
command = ' '.join(parts[0:-1])
parts = command.split()
standardoutput='null';
if (len(parts) == 6 and
parts[0] == '[' and
parts[1] in ['-x','-f','-e'] and
parts[2] == parts[5] and
parts[3] == ']' and
parts[4] == '&&' ):
testremoved = parts[2]
command = ' '.join(parts[5:])
parts = command.split()
if (len(parts) == 5 and
parts[0] == 'test' and
parts[1] in ['-x','-f','-e'] and
parts[2] == parts[4] and
parts[3] == '&&' ):
testremoved = parts[2]
command = ' '.join(parts[4:])
parts = command.split()
if testremoved and not os.path.isfile(testremoved): return
if (len(parts) == 6 and
parts[0] == '[' and
parts[1] in ['-d','-e'] and
parts[2] == '/run/systemd/system' and
parts[3] == ']' and
parts[4] == '||'): return
if (len(parts) == 5 and
parts[0] == 'test' and
parts[1] in ['-d','-e'] and
parts[2] == '/run/systemd/system' and
parts[3] == '||'): return
# TODO: translate 'command%line1%line2%line3
# in '/bin/echo -e line1\\nline2\\nline3 | command'
# to be POSIX compliant
if 'p' in job:
hour = job['h']
if job['p'] == 'reboot':
if daemon_reload: return
if delay == 0: delay = 1
schedule = None
persistent = False
elif job['p'] == 'minutely':
schedule = job['p']
persistent = False
elif job['p'] == 'hourly' and delay == 0:
schedule = 'hourly'
elif job['p'] == 'hourly':
schedule = '*-*-* *:%s:0' % delay
delay = 0
elif job['p'] == 'midnight' and delay == 0:
schedule = 'daily'
elif job['p'] == 'midnight':
schedule = '*-*-* 0:%s:0' % delay
elif job['p'] in TIME_UNITS_SET and hour == 0 and delay == 0:
schedule = job['p']
elif job['p'] == 'daily':
schedule = '*-*-* %s:%s:0' % (hour, delay)
elif job['p'] == 'weekly':
schedule = 'Mon *-*-* %s:%s:0' % (hour, delay)
elif job['p'] == 'monthly':
schedule = '*-*-1 %s:%s:0' % (hour, delay)
elif job['p'] == 'quarterly':
schedule = '*-1,4,7,10-1 %s:%s:0' % (hour, delay)
elif job['p'] == 'semi-annually':
schedule = '*-1,7-1 %s:%s:0' % (hour, delay)
elif job['p'] == 'yearly':
schedule = '*-1-1 %s:%s:0' % (hour, delay)
else:
try:
if int(job['p']) > 31:
# workaround for anacrontab
schedule = '*-1/%s-1 %s:%s:0' % (int(round(job['p']/30)), hour, delay)
else:
schedule = '*-*-1/%s %s:%s:0' % (int(job['p']), hour, delay)
except ValueError:
log(3, 'unknown schedule in %s: %s' % (job['f'], job['l']))
schedule = job['p']
else:
if job['w'] == ['*']:
dows=''
else:
dows_sorted = []
for day in DOWS_SET:
if day in job['w']:
dows_sorted.append(day)
dows = ','.join(dows_sorted) + ' '
if 0 in job['M']: job['M'].remove(0)
if 0 in job['d']: job['d'].remove(0)
if not len(job['M']) or not len(job['d']) or not len(job['h']) or not len(job['m']):
return
schedule = '%s*-%s-%s %s:%s:00' % (dows, ','.join(map(str, job['M'])),
','.join(map(str, job['d'])), ','.join(map(str, job['h'])), ','.join(map(str, job['m'])))
if not persistent:
unit_id = next(seq)
else:
unit_id = hashlib.md5()
unit_id.update(bytes('\0'.join([schedule, command]), 'utf-8'))
unit_id = unit_id.hexdigest()
unit_name = "cron-%s-%s-%s" % (job['j'], job['u'], unit_id)
if not (len(parts) == 1 and os.path.isfile(command)):
with open('%s/%s.sh' % (TARGET_DIR, unit_name), 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
f.write(command)
command=job['s'] + ' ' + TARGET_DIR + '/' + unit_name + '.sh'
with open('%s/%s.timer' % (TARGET_DIR, unit_name), 'w' , encoding='utf8') as f:
f.write('[Unit]\n')
f.write('Description=[Timer] "%s"\n' % job['l'].replace('%', '%%'))
f.write('Documentation=man:systemd-crontab-generator(8)\n')
f.write('PartOf=cron.target\n')
f.write('SourcePath=%s\n' % job['f'])
if testremoved: f.write('ConditionFileIsExecutable=%s\n' % testremoved)
f.write('\n[Timer]\n')
f.write('Unit=%s.service\n' % unit_name)
if schedule: f.write('OnCalendar=%s\n' % schedule)
else: f.write('OnBootSec=%sm\n' % delay)
if job['a'] != 1:
if RANDOMIZED_DELAY:
f.write('RandomizedDelaySec=%sm\n' % job['a'])
else:
f.write('AccuracySec=%sm\n' % job['a'])
if True and persistent: f.write('Persistent=true\n')
try:
os.symlink('%s/%s.timer' % (TARGET_DIR, unit_name), '%s/%s.timer' % (TIMERS_DIR, unit_name))
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != os.errno.EEXIST:
raise
with open('%s/%s.service' % (TARGET_DIR, unit_name), 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
f.write('[Unit]\n')
f.write('Description=[Cron] "%s"\n' % job['l'].replace('%', '%%'))
f.write('Documentation=man:systemd-crontab-generator(8)\n')
f.write('SourcePath=%s\n' % job['f'])
if '"MAILTO="' in job['e']:
pass # mails explicitely disabled
elif not HAS_SENDMAIL and '"MAILTO=' not in job['e']:
pass # mails automaticaly disabled
else:
f.write('OnFailure=cron-failure@%i.service\n')
if job['u'] != 'root' or job['f'] == '/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root':
f.write('Requires=systemd-user-sessions.service\n')
if home:
f.write('RequiresMountsFor=%s\n' % home)
f.write('\n[Service]\n')
f.write('Type=oneshot\n')
f.write('IgnoreSIGPIPE=false\n')
if schedule and delay:
f.write('ExecStartPre=-/lib/systemd-cron/boot_delay %s\n' % delay)
f.write('ExecStart=%s\n' % command)
if job['e']:
f.write('Environment=%s\n' % job['e'])
if job['u'] != 'root':
f.write('User=%s\n' % job['u'])
if standardoutput:
f.write('StandardOutput=%s\n' % standardoutput)
if job['Z']:
f.write('CPUSchedulingPolicy=idle\n')
f.write('IOSchedulingClass=idle\n')
return '%s.timer' % unit_name
def log(level, message):
if len(sys.argv) == 4:
with open('/dev/kmsg', 'w', encoding='utf8') as kmsg:
kmsg.write('<%s>%s[%s]: %s\n' % (level, SELF, os.getpid(), message))
else:
sys.stderr.write('%s: %s\n' % (SELF, message))
seqs = {}
def count():
n = 0
while True:
yield n
n += 1
def main():
try:
os.makedirs(TIMERS_DIR)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != os.errno.EEXIST:
raise
if os.path.isfile('/etc/crontab'):
for job in parse_crontab('/etc/crontab', withuser=True):
if 'c' not in job:
log(3, 'truncated line in /etc/crontab: %s' % job['l'])
continue
if '/etc/cron.hourly' in job['c']: continue
if '/etc/cron.daily' in job['c']: continue
if '/etc/cron.weekly' in job['c']: continue
if '/etc/cron.monthly' in job['c']: continue
generate_timer_unit(job, seqs.setdefault(job['j']+job['u'], count()))
CRONTAB_FILES = files('/etc/cron.d')
for filename in CRONTAB_FILES:
basename = os.path.basename(filename)
masked = False
for unit_file in ('/lib/systemd/system/%s.timer' % basename,
'/etc/systemd/system/%s.timer' % basename,
'/run/systemd/system/%s.timer' % basename):
if os.path.exists(unit_file):
masked = True
if os.path.realpath(unit_file) == '/dev/null':
log(5, 'ignoring %s because it is masked' % filename)
else:
log(5, 'ignoring %s because native timer is present' % filename)
break
if masked:
continue
if basename.startswith('.'):
continue
if '.dpkg-' in basename:
log(5, 'ignoring %s' % filename)
continue
for job in parse_crontab(filename, withuser=True):
if 'c' not in job:
log(3, 'truncated line in %s: %s' % (filename, job['l']))
continue
generate_timer_unit(job, seqs.setdefault(job['j']+job['u'], count()))
if os.path.isfile('/etc/anacrontab'):
for job in parse_crontab('/etc/anacrontab', monotonic=True):
if 'c' not in job:
log(3, 'truncated line in /etc/anacrontab: %s' % job['l'])
continue
generate_timer_unit(job, seqs.setdefault(job['j']+job['u'], count()))
if os.path.isdir('/var/spool/cron/crontabs'):
# /var is avaible
USERCRONTAB_FILES = files('/var/spool/cron/crontabs')
for filename in USERCRONTAB_FILES:
basename = os.path.basename(filename)
if '.' in basename:
continue
else:
for job in parse_crontab(filename, withuser=False):
generate_timer_unit(job, seqs.setdefault(job['j']+job['u'], count()))
try:
open(REBOOT_FILE,'a').close()
except:
pass
else:
# schedule rerun
with open('%s/cron-after-var.service' % TARGET_DIR, 'w') as f:
f.write('[Unit]\n')
f.write('Description=Rerun systemd-crontab-generator because /var is a separate mount\n')
f.write('Documentation=man:systemd.cron(7)\n')
f.write('After=cron.target\n')
f.write('ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=/var/spool/cron/crontabs\n')
f.write('\n[Service]\n')
f.write('Type=oneshot\n')
f.write('ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "systemctl daemon-reload ; systemctl try-restart cron.target"\n')
MULTIUSER_DIR = os.path.join(TARGET_DIR, 'multi-user.target.wants')
try:
os.makedirs(MULTIUSER_DIR)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != os.errno.EEXIST:
raise
try:
os.symlink('%s/cron-after-var.service' % TARGET_DIR, '%s/cron-after-var.service' % MULTIUSER_DIR)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != os.errno.EEXIST:
raise
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) == 1 or not os.path.isdir(sys.argv[1]):
sys.exit("Usage: %s <destination_folder>" % sys.argv[0])
TARGET_DIR = sys.argv[1]
TIMERS_DIR = os.path.join(TARGET_DIR, 'cron.target.wants')
try:
main()
except Exception as e:
if len(sys.argv) == 4:
open('/dev/kmsg', 'w').write('<2> %s[%s]: global exception: %s\n' % (SELF, os.getpid(), e))
exit(1)
else:
raise
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