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<p>
Next: <a href="OUTPUT.html#OUTPUT" accesskey="n" rel="next">OUTPUT</a>, Previous: <a href="INCLUDE.html#INCLUDE" accesskey="p" rel="prev">INCLUDE</a>, Up: <a href="Utilities.html#Utilities" accesskey="u" rel="up">Utilities</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-Index.html#Function-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<a name="INSERT-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">16.16 INSERT</h3>
<a name="index-INSERT"></a>

<div class="display">
<pre class="display">     INSERT [FILE=]&rsquo;<var>file_name</var>&rsquo;
        [CD={NO,YES}]
        [ERROR={CONTINUE,STOP}]
        [SYNTAX={BATCH,INTERACTIVE}]
        [ENCODING={LOCALE, &rsquo;<var>charset_name</var>&rsquo;}].
</pre></div>

<p><code>INSERT</code> is similar to <code>INCLUDE</code> (see <a href="INCLUDE.html#INCLUDE">INCLUDE</a>) 
but somewhat more flexible.
It causes the command processor to read a file as if it were embedded in the 
current command file.
</p>
<p>If <code>CD=YES</code> is specified, then before including the file, the
current directory  will be changed to the directory of the included
file.  
The default setting is &lsquo;<samp>CD=NO</samp>&rsquo;.
Note that this directory will remain current until it is
changed explicitly (with the <code>CD</code> command, or a subsequent
<code>INSERT</code> command with the &lsquo;<samp>CD=YES</samp>&rsquo; option).
It will not revert to its original setting even after the included
file is finished processing.
</p>
<p>If <code>ERROR=STOP</code> is specified, errors encountered in the
inserted file will cause processing to immediately cease.
Otherwise processing will continue at the next command.
The default setting is <code>ERROR=CONTINUE</code>.
</p>
<p>If <code>SYNTAX=INTERACTIVE</code> is specified then the syntax contained in
the included file must conform to interactive syntax
conventions. See <a href="Syntax-Variants.html#Syntax-Variants">Syntax Variants</a>.
The default setting is <code>SYNTAX=BATCH</code>.
</p>
<p><code>ENCODING</code> optionally specifies the character set used by the included
file.  Its argument, which is not case-sensitive, must be in one of
the following forms:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>LOCALE</code></dt>
<dd><p>The encoding used by the system locale, or as overridden by the 
<code>SET</code> command (see <a href="SET.html#SET">SET</a>).  On GNU/Linux and other Unix-like systems,
environment variables, e.g. <code>LANG</code> or <code>LC_ALL</code>, determine the
system locale.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><var>charset_name</var></dt>
<dd><p>One of the character set names listed by <acronym>IANA</acronym> at
<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets">http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets</a>.  Some examples
are <code>ASCII</code> (United States), <code>ISO-8859-1</code> (western Europe),
<code>EUC-JP</code> (Japan), and <code>windows-1252</code> (Windows).  Not all
systems support all character sets.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Auto,<var>encoding</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Automatically detects whether a syntax file is encoded in an Unicode
encoding such as UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-32.  If it is not, then <small>PSPP</small>
generally assumes that the file is encoded in <var>encoding</var> (an <acronym>IANA</acronym>
character set name).  However, if <var>encoding</var> is UTF-8, and the
syntax file is not valid UTF-8, <small>PSPP</small> instead assumes that the file
is encoded in <code>windows-1252</code>.
</p>
<p>For best results, <var>encoding</var> should be an <acronym>ASCII</acronym>-compatible
encoding (the most common locale encodings are all <acronym>ASCII</acronym>-compatible),
because encodings that are not <acronym>ASCII</acronym> compatible cannot be
automatically distinguished from UTF-8.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>Auto</code></dt>
<dt><code>Auto,Locale</code></dt>
<dd><p>Automatic detection, as above, with the default encoding taken from
the system locale or the setting on <code>SET LOCALE</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>When ENCODING is not specified, the default is taken from the
<samp>--syntax-encoding</samp> command option, if it was specified, and
otherwise it is <code>Auto</code>.
</p>
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