This file is indexed.

/usr/share/doc/ubuntu-policy/policy.html/ch-source.html is in ubuntu-policy 3.8.2.0ubuntu3.

This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.

The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

<title>Ubuntu Policy Manual - Source packages</title>

<link href="index.html" rel="start">
<link href="ch-binary.html" rel="prev">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html" rel="next">
<link href="index.html#contents" rel="contents">
<link href="index.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
<link href="ch-scope.html" rel="chapter" title="1 About this manual">
<link href="ch-archive.html" rel="chapter" title="2 The Ubuntu Archive">
<link href="ch-binary.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Binary packages">
<link href="ch-source.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Source packages">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Control files and their fields">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html" rel="chapter" title="6 Package maintainer scripts and installation procedure">
<link href="ch-relationships.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Declaring relationships between packages">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html" rel="chapter" title="8 Shared libraries">
<link href="ch-opersys.html" rel="chapter" title="9 The Operating System">
<link href="ch-files.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Files">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customized programs">
<link href="ch-docs.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Documentation">
<link href="ap-pkg-scope.html" rel="appendix" title="A Introduction and scope of these appendices">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html" rel="appendix" title="B Binary packages (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html" rel="appendix" title="C Source packages (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html" rel="appendix" title="D Control files and their fields (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-conffiles.html" rel="appendix" title="E Configuration file handling (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-alternatives.html" rel="appendix" title="F Alternative versions of an interface - update-alternatives (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-diversions.html" rel="appendix" title="G Diversions - overriding a package's version of a file (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s1.1" rel="section" title="1.1 Scope">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s1.2" rel="section" title="1.2 New versions of this document">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="1.3 Authors and Maintainers">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s-related" rel="section" title="1.4 Related documents">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s-definitions" rel="section" title="1.5 Definitions">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-ulp" rel="section" title="2.1 The Ubuntu Licensing Policy">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-sections" rel="section" title="2.2 Archive areas">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-pkgcopyright" rel="section" title="2.3 Copyright considerations">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-subsections" rel="section" title="2.4 Sections">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-priorities" rel="section" title="2.5 Priorities">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 The package name">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-versions" rel="section" title="3.2 The version of a package">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.3" rel="section" title="3.3 The maintainer of a package">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-descriptions" rel="section" title="3.4 The description of a package">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.5" rel="section" title="3.5 Dependencies">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-virtual_pkg" rel="section" title="3.6 Virtual packages">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.7" rel="section" title="3.7 Base system">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.8" rel="section" title="3.8 Essential packages">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="3.9 Maintainer Scripts">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-standardsversion" rel="section" title="4.1 Standards conformance">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-pkg-relations" rel="section" title="4.2 Package relationships">
<link href="ch-source.html#s4.3" rel="section" title="4.3 Changes to the upstream sources">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-dpkgchangelog" rel="section" title="4.4 Ubuntu changelog: debian/changelog">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-dpkgcopyright" rel="section" title="4.5 Copyright: debian/copyright">
<link href="ch-source.html#s4.6" rel="section" title="4.6 Error trapping in makefiles">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-timestamps" rel="section" title="4.7 Time Stamps">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-restrictions" rel="section" title="4.8 Restrictions on objects in source packages">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-debianrules" rel="section" title="4.9 Main building script: debian/rules">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-substvars" rel="section" title="4.10 Variable substitutions: debian/substvars">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-debianwatch" rel="section" title="4.11 Optional upstream source location: debian/watch">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-debianfiles" rel="section" title="4.12 Generated files list: debian/files">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-embeddedfiles" rel="section" title="4.13 Convenience copies of code">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-readmesource" rel="section" title="4.14 Source package handling: debian/README.source">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-controlsyntax" rel="section" title="5.1 Syntax of control files">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-sourcecontrolfiles" rel="section" title="5.2 Source package control files -- debian/control">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-binarycontrolfiles" rel="section" title="5.3 Binary package control files -- DEBIAN/control">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-debiansourcecontrolfiles" rel="section" title="5.4 Debian source control files -- .dsc">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-debianchangesfiles" rel="section" title="5.5 Debian changes files -- .changes">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-controlfieldslist" rel="section" title="5.6 List of fields">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s5.7" rel="section" title="5.7 User-defined fields">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s6.1" rel="section" title="6.1 Introduction to package maintainer scripts">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-idempotency" rel="section" title="6.2 Maintainer scripts idempotency">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-controllingterminal" rel="section" title="6.3 Controlling terminal for maintainer scripts">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-exitstatus" rel="section" title="6.4 Exit status">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-mscriptsinstact" rel="section" title="6.5 Summary of ways maintainer scripts are called">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-unpackphase" rel="section" title="6.6 Details of unpack phase of installation or upgrade">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-configdetails" rel="section" title="6.7 Details of configuration">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-removedetails" rel="section" title="6.8 Details of removal and/or configuration purging">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-depsyntax" rel="section" title="7.1 Syntax of relationship fields">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-binarydeps" rel="section" title="7.2 Binary Dependencies - Depends, Recommends, Suggests, Enhances, Pre-Depends">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-breaks" rel="section" title="7.3 Packages which break other packages - Breaks">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-conflicts" rel="section" title="7.4 Conflicting binary packages - Conflicts">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.5 Virtual packages - Provides">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-replaces" rel="section" title="7.6 Overwriting files and replacing packages - Replaces">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-sourcebinarydeps" rel="section" title="7.7 Relationships between source and binary packages - Build-Depends, Build-Depends-Indep, Build-Conflicts, Build-Conflicts-Indep">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-runtime" rel="section" title="8.1 Run-time shared libraries">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-support-files" rel="section" title="8.2 Shared library support files">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-static" rel="section" title="8.3 Static libraries">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-dev" rel="section" title="8.4 Development files">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-intradeps" rel="section" title="8.5 Dependencies between the packages of the same library">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-shlibdeps" rel="section" title="8.6 Dependencies between the library and other packages - the shlibs system">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.1" rel="section" title="9.1 File system hierarchy">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.2" rel="section" title="9.2 Users and groups">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-sysvinit" rel="section" title="9.3 System run levels and init.d scripts">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.4" rel="section" title="9.4 Console messages from init.d scripts">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.5" rel="section" title="9.5 Cron jobs">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-menus" rel="section" title="9.6 Menus">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-mime" rel="section" title="9.7 Multimedia handlers">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.8" rel="section" title="9.8 Keyboard configuration">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.9" rel="section" title="9.9 Environment variables">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-doc-base" rel="section" title="9.10 Registering Documents using doc-base">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.1" rel="section" title="10.1 Binaries">
<link href="ch-files.html#s-libraries" rel="section" title="10.2 Libraries">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.3" rel="section" title="10.3 Shared libraries">
<link href="ch-files.html#s-scripts" rel="section" title="10.4 Scripts">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.5" rel="section" title="10.5 Symbolic links">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.6" rel="section" title="10.6 Device files">
<link href="ch-files.html#s-config-files" rel="section" title="10.7 Configuration files">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.8" rel="section" title="10.8 Log files">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.9" rel="section" title="10.9 Permissions and owners">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-arch-spec" rel="section" title="11.1 Architecture specification strings">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.2" rel="section" title="11.2 Daemons">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.3" rel="section" title="11.3 Using pseudo-ttys and modifying wtmp, utmp and lastlog">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.4" rel="section" title="11.4 Editors and pagers">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-web-appl" rel="section" title="11.5 Web servers and applications">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-mail-transport-agents" rel="section" title="11.6 Mail transport, delivery and user agents">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.7" rel="section" title="11.7 News system configuration">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8" rel="section" title="11.8 Programs for the X Window System">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-perl" rel="section" title="11.9 Perl programs and modules">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-emacs" rel="section" title="11.10 Emacs lisp programs">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.11" rel="section" title="11.11 Games">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.1" rel="section" title="12.1 Manual pages">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.2" rel="section" title="12.2 Info documents">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.3" rel="section" title="12.3 Additional documentation">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.4" rel="section" title="12.4 Preferred documentation formats">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s-copyrightfile" rel="section" title="12.5 Copyright information">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.6" rel="section" title="12.6 Examples">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s-changelogs" rel="section" title="12.7 Changelog files">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html#s-pkg-bincreating" rel="section" title="B.1 Creating package files - dpkg-deb">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html#s-pkg-controlarea" rel="section" title="B.2 Package control information files">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html#s-pkg-controlfile" rel="section" title="B.3 The main control information file: control">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html#sB.4" rel="section" title="B.4 Time Stamps">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-sourcetools" rel="section" title="C.1 Tools for processing source packages">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-sourcetree" rel="section" title="C.2 The Debianised source tree">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-sourcearchives" rel="section" title="C.3 Source packages as archives">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#sC.4" rel="section" title="C.4 Unpacking a Debian source package without dpkg-source">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#sD.1" rel="section" title="D.1 Syntax of control files">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#sD.2" rel="section" title="D.2 List of fields">
<link href="ap-pkg-conffiles.html#sE.1" rel="section" title="E.1 Automatic handling of configuration files by dpkg">
<link href="ap-pkg-conffiles.html#sE.2" rel="section" title="E.2 Fully-featured maintainer script configuration handling">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-main" rel="subsection" title="2.2.1 The main archive area">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-restricted" rel="subsection" title="2.2.2 The restricted archive area">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-universe" rel="subsection" title="2.2.3 The universe archive area">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-multiverse" rel="subsection" title="2.2.4 The multiverse archive area">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 Version numbers based on dates">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-synopsis" rel="subsection" title="3.4.1 The single line synopsis">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-extendeddesc" rel="subsection" title="3.4.2 The extended description">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-maintscriptprompt" rel="subsection" title="3.9.1 Prompting in maintainer scripts">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-debianrules-options" rel="subsection" title="4.9.1 debian/rules and DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Source" rel="subsection" title="5.6.1 Source">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Maintainer" rel="subsection" title="5.6.2 Maintainer">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Uploaders" rel="subsection" title="5.6.3 Uploaders">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Changed-By" rel="subsection" title="5.6.4 Changed-By">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Section" rel="subsection" title="5.6.5 Section">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Priority" rel="subsection" title="5.6.6 Priority">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Package" rel="subsection" title="5.6.7 Package">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Architecture" rel="subsection" title="5.6.8 Architecture">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Essential" rel="subsection" title="5.6.9 Essential">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s5.6.10" rel="subsection" title="5.6.10 Package interrelationship fields: Depends, Pre-Depends, Recommends, Suggests, Breaks, Conflicts, Provides, Replaces, Enhances">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Standards-Version" rel="subsection" title="5.6.11 Standards-Version">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Version" rel="subsection" title="5.6.12 Version">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Description" rel="subsection" title="5.6.13 Description">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Distribution" rel="subsection" title="5.6.14 Distribution">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Date" rel="subsection" title="5.6.15 Date">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Format" rel="subsection" title="5.6.16 Format">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Urgency" rel="subsection" title="5.6.17 Urgency">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Changes" rel="subsection" title="5.6.18 Changes">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Binary" rel="subsection" title="5.6.19 Binary">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Installed-Size" rel="subsection" title="5.6.20 Installed-Size">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Files" rel="subsection" title="5.6.21 Files">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Closes" rel="subsection" title="5.6.22 Closes">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Launchpad-Bugs-Fixed" rel="subsection" title="5.6.23 Launchpad-Bugs-Fixed">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Homepage" rel="subsection" title="5.6.24 Homepage">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s7.6.1" rel="subsection" title="7.6.1 Overwriting files in other packages">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s7.6.2" rel="subsection" title="7.6.2 Replacing whole packages, forcing their removal">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-ldconfig" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 ldconfig">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s8.6.1" rel="subsection" title="8.6.1 The shlibs files present on the system">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s8.6.2" rel="subsection" title="8.6.2 How to use dpkg-shlibdeps and the shlibs files">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-shlibs" rel="subsection" title="8.6.3 The shlibs File Format">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s8.6.4" rel="subsection" title="8.6.4 Providing a shlibs file">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-shlibslocal" rel="subsection" title="8.6.5 Writing the debian/shlibs.local file">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-fhs" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 File System Structure">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.1.2" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 Site-specific programs">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.1.3" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 The system-wide mail directory">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.2.1" rel="subsection" title="9.2.1 Introduction">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.2.2" rel="subsection" title="9.2.2 UID and GID classes">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-/etc/init.d" rel="subsection" title="9.3.1 Introduction">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.2" rel="subsection" title="9.3.2 Writing the scripts">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.3" rel="subsection" title="9.3.3 Interfacing with the initscript system">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.3.1" rel="subsection" title="9.3.3.1 Managing the links">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.3.2" rel="subsection" title="9.3.3.2 Running initscripts">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.4" rel="subsection" title="9.3.4 Boot-time initialization">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.5" rel="subsection" title="9.3.5 Example">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.1" rel="subsection" title="10.7.1 Definitions">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.2" rel="subsection" title="10.7.2 Location">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.3" rel="subsection" title="10.7.3 Behavior">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.4" rel="subsection" title="10.7.4 Sharing configuration files">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.5" rel="subsection" title="10.7.5 User configuration files (&quot;dotfiles&quot;)">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.9.1" rel="subsection" title="10.9.1 The use of dpkg-statoverride">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.1" rel="subsection" title="11.8.1 Providing X support and package priorities">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.2" rel="subsection" title="11.8.2 Packages providing an X server">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.3" rel="subsection" title="11.8.3 Packages providing a terminal emulator">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.4" rel="subsection" title="11.8.4 Packages providing a window manager">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.5" rel="subsection" title="11.8.5 Packages providing fonts">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.6" rel="subsection" title="11.8.6 Application defaults files">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.7" rel="subsection" title="11.8.7 Installation directory issues">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.8" rel="subsection" title="11.8.8 The OSF/Motif and OpenMotif libraries">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.9" rel="subsection" title="11.8.9 Icon caching">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-source" rel="subsection" title="C.1.1 dpkg-source - packs and unpacks Debian source packages">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-buildpackage" rel="subsection" title="C.1.2 dpkg-buildpackage - overall package-building control script">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-gencontrol" rel="subsection" title="C.1.3 dpkg-gencontrol - generates binary package control files">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-shlibdeps" rel="subsection" title="C.1.4 dpkg-shlibdeps - calculates shared library dependencies">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-distaddfile" rel="subsection" title="C.1.5 dpkg-distaddfile - adds a file to debian/files">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-genchanges" rel="subsection" title="C.1.6 dpkg-genchanges - generates a .changes upload control file">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-parsechangelog" rel="subsection" title="C.1.7 dpkg-parsechangelog - produces parsed representation of a changelog">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-architecture" rel="subsection" title="C.1.8 dpkg-architecture - information about the build and host system">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-debianrules" rel="subsection" title="C.2.1 debian/rules - the main building script">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkgchangelog" rel="subsection" title="C.2.2 debian/changelog">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#sC.2.2.1" rel="subsection" title="C.2.2.1 Defining alternative changelog formats">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-srcsubstvars" rel="subsection" title="C.2.3 debian/substvars and variable substitutions">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#sC.2.4" rel="subsection" title="C.2.4 debian/files">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#sC.2.5" rel="subsection" title="C.2.5 debian/tmp">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#sC.4.1" rel="subsection" title="C.4.1 Restrictions on objects in source packages">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#s-pkg-f-Filename" rel="subsection" title="D.2.1 Filename and MSDOS-Filename">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#s-pkg-f-Size" rel="subsection" title="D.2.2 Size and MD5sum">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#s-pkg-f-Status" rel="subsection" title="D.2.3 Status">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#s-pkg-f-Config-Version" rel="subsection" title="D.2.4 Config-Version">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#s-pkg-f-Conffiles" rel="subsection" title="D.2.5 Conffiles">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#sD.2.6" rel="subsection" title="D.2.6 Obsolete fields">

</head>

<body>

<p><a name="ch-source"></a></p>
<hr>

<p>
[ <a href="ch-binary.html">previous</a> ]
[ <a href="index.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-scope.html">1</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-archive.html">2</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-binary.html">3</a> ]
[ 4 ]
[ <a href="ch-controlfields.html">5</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-maintainerscripts.html">6</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-relationships.html">7</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-sharedlibs.html">8</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-opersys.html">9</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-files.html">10</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-customized-programs.html">11</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-docs.html">12</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-scope.html">A</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html">B</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html">C</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html">D</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-conffiles.html">E</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-alternatives.html">F</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-diversions.html">G</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-controlfields.html">next</a> ]
</p>

<hr>

<h1>
Ubuntu Policy Manual
<br>Chapter 4 - Source packages
</h1>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-standardsversion">4.1 Standards conformance</h2>

<p>
Source packages should specify the most recent version number of this policy
document with which your package complied when it was last updated.
</p>

<p>
This information may be used to file bug reports automatically if your package
becomes too much out of date.
</p>

<p>
The version is specified in the <samp>Standards-Version</samp> control field.
The format of the <samp>Standards-Version</samp> field is described in <a
href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Standards-Version"><samp>Standards-Version</samp>,
Section 5.6.11</a>.
</p>

<p>
You should regularly, and especially if your package has become out of date,
check for the newest Policy Manual available and update your package, if
necessary.  When your package complies with the new standards you should update
the <samp>Standards-Version</samp> source package field and release it.[<a
href="footnotes.html#f14" name="fr14">14</a>]
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-pkg-relations">4.2 Package relationships</h2>

<p>
Source packages should specify which binary packages they require to be
installed or not to be installed in order to build correctly.  For example, if
building a package requires a certain compiler, then the compiler should be
specified as a build-time dependency.
</p>

<p>
It is not necessary to explicitly specify build-time relationships on a minimal
set of packages that are always needed to compile, link and put in an Ubuntu
package a standard &quot;Hello World!&quot; program written in C or C++.  The
required packages are called <em>build-essential</em>, and an informational
list can be found in <code>/usr/share/doc/build-essential/list</code> (which is
contained in the <samp>build-essential</samp> package).[<a
href="footnotes.html#f15" name="fr15">15</a>]
</p>

<p>
When specifying the set of build-time dependencies, one should list only those
packages explicitly required by the build.  It is not necessary to list
packages which are required merely because some other package in the list of
build-time dependencies depends on them.[<a href="footnotes.html#f16"
name="fr16">16</a>]
</p>

<p>
If build-time dependencies are specified, it must be possible to build the
package and produce working binaries on a system with only essential and
build-essential packages installed and also those required to satisfy the
build-time relationships (including any implied relationships).  In particular,
this means that version clauses should be used rigorously in build-time
relationships so that one cannot produce bad or inconsistently configured
packages when the relationships are properly satisfied.
</p>

<p>
<a href="ch-relationships.html">Declaring relationships between packages,
Chapter 7</a> explains the technical details.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s4.3">4.3 Changes to the upstream sources</h2>

<p>
If changes to the source code are made that are not specific to the needs of
the Ubuntu system, they should be sent to the upstream authors in whatever form
they prefer so as to be included in the upstream version of the package.
</p>

<p>
If you need to configure the package differently for Ubuntu or for Linux, and
the upstream source doesn't provide a way to do so, you should add such
configuration facilities (for example, a new <code>autoconf</code> test or
<samp>#define</samp>) and send the patch to the upstream authors, with the
default set to the way they originally had it.  You can then easily override
the default in your <code>debian/rules</code> or wherever is appropriate.
</p>

<p>
You should make sure that the <code>configure</code> utility detects the
correct architecture specification string (refer to <a
href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-arch-spec">Architecture specification
strings, Section 11.1</a> for details).
</p>

<p>
If you need to edit a <code>Makefile</code> where GNU-style
<code>configure</code> scripts are used, you should edit the <code>.in</code>
files rather than editing the <code>Makefile</code> directly.  This allows the
user to reconfigure the package if necessary.  You should <em>not</em>
configure the package and edit the generated <code>Makefile</code>!  This makes
it impossible for someone else to later reconfigure the package without losing
the changes you made.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-dpkgchangelog">4.4 Ubuntu changelog: <code>debian/changelog</code></h2>

<p>
Changes in the Ubuntu version of the package should be briefly explained in the
Ubuntu changelog file <code>debian/changelog</code>.[<a
href="footnotes.html#f17" name="fr17">17</a>] This includes modifications made
in the Ubuntu package compared to the upstream one or the Debian package as
well as other changes and updates to the package.  [<a
href="footnotes.html#f18" name="fr18">18</a>]
</p>

<p>
The format of the <code>debian/changelog</code> allows the package building
tools to discover which version of the package is being built and find out
other release-specific information.
</p>

<p>
That format is a series of entries like this:
</p>
<pre>
     <var>package</var> (<var>version</var>) <var>distribution(s)</var>; urgency=<var>urgency</var>
     	    <var>[optional blank line(s), stripped]</var>
       * <var>change details</var>
         <var>more change details</var>
     	    <var>[blank line(s), included in output of dpkg-parsechangelog]</var>
       * <var>even more change details</var>
     	    <var>[optional blank line(s), stripped]</var>
      -- <var>maintainer name</var> &lt;<var>email address</var>&gt;<var>[two spaces]</var>  <var>date</var>
</pre>

<p>
<var>package</var> and <var>version</var> are the source package name and
version number.
</p>

<p>
<var>distribution(s)</var> lists the distributions where this version should be
installed when it is uploaded - it is copied to the <samp>Distribution</samp>
field in the <code>.changes</code> file.  See <a
href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Distribution"><samp>Distribution</samp>,
Section 5.6.14</a>.
</p>

<p>
<var>urgency</var> is the value for the <samp>Urgency</samp> field in the
<code>.changes</code> file for the upload (see <a
href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Urgency"><samp>Urgency</samp>, Section
5.6.17</a>).  It is not possible to specify an urgency containing commas;
commas are used to separate <samp><var>keyword</var>=<var>value</var></samp>
settings in the <code>dpkg</code> changelog format (though there is currently
only one useful <var>keyword</var>, <samp>urgency</samp>).
</p>

<p>
The change details may in fact be any series of lines starting with at least
two spaces, but conventionally each change starts with an asterisk and a
separating space and continuation lines are indented so as to bring them in
line with the start of the text above.  Blank lines may be used here to
separate groups of changes, if desired.
</p>

<p>
If this upload resolves bugs recorded in the Debian Bug Tracking System (BTS),
they may be automatically closed on the inclusion of this package into the
Debian archive by including the string: <samp>closes:
Bug#<var>nnnnn</var></samp> in the change details.[<a href="footnotes.html#f19"
name="fr19">19</a>] This information is conveyed via the <samp>Closes</samp>
field in the <samp>.changes</samp> file (see <a
href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Closes"><samp>Closes</samp>, Section
5.6.22</a>).
</p>

<p>
Ubuntu: If this upload resolves bugs recorded in Launchpad, they may be
automatically closed on the inclusion of this package into the Ubuntu archive
by including the string: <samp>LP: #<var>nnnnn</var></samp> in the change
details.[<a href="footnotes.html#f20" name="fr20">20</a>] This information is
conveyed via the <samp>Launchpad-Bugs-Fixed</samp> field in the
<samp>.changes</samp> file (see <a
href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Launchpad-Bugs-Fixed"><samp>Launchpad-Bugs-Fixed</samp>,
Section 5.6.23</a>).
</p>

<p>
The maintainer name and email address used in the changelog should be the
details of the person uploading <em>this</em> version.  They are <em>not</em>
necessarily those of the usual package maintainer.  The information here will
be copied to the <samp>Changed-By</samp> field in the <samp>.changes</samp>
file (see <a
href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Changed-By"><samp>Changed-By</samp>, Section
5.6.4</a>), and then later used to send an acknowledgement when the upload has
been installed.
</p>

<p>
The <var>date</var> must be in RFC822 format[<a href="footnotes.html#f21"
name="fr21">21</a>]; it must include the time zone specified numerically, with
the time zone name or abbreviation optionally present as a comment in
parentheses.
</p>

<p>
The first &quot;title&quot; line with the package name must start at the left
hand margin.  The &quot;trailer&quot; line with the maintainer and date details
must be preceded by exactly one space.  The maintainer details and the date
must be separated by exactly two spaces.
</p>

<p>
The entire changelog must be encoded in UTF-8.
</p>

<p>
For more information on placement of the changelog files within binary
packages, please see <a href="ch-docs.html#s-changelogs">Changelog files,
Section 12.7</a>.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-dpkgcopyright">4.5 Copyright: <code>debian/copyright</code></h2>

<p>
Every package must be accompanied by a verbatim copy of its copyright and
distribution license in the file
<code>/usr/share/doc/<var>package</var>/copyright</code> (see <a
href="ch-docs.html#s-copyrightfile">Copyright information, Section 12.5</a> for
further details).  Also see <a href="ch-archive.html#s-pkgcopyright">Copyright
considerations, Section 2.3</a> for further considerations relayed to
copyrights for packages.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s4.6">4.6 Error trapping in makefiles</h2>

<p>
When <code>make</code> invokes a command in a makefile (including your
package's upstream makefiles and <code>debian/rules</code>), it does so using
<code>sh</code>.  This means that <code>sh</code>'s usual bad error handling
properties apply: if you include a miniature script as one of the commands in
your makefile you'll find that if you don't do anything about it then errors
are not detected and <code>make</code> will blithely continue after problems.
</p>

<p>
Every time you put more than one shell command (this includes using a loop) in
a makefile command you must make sure that errors are trapped.  For simple
compound commands, such as changing directory and then running a program, using
<samp>&amp;&amp;</samp> rather than semicolon as a command separator is
sufficient.  For more complex commands including most loops and conditionals
you should include a separate <samp>set -e</samp> command at the start of every
makefile command that's actually one of these miniature shell scripts.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-timestamps">4.7 Time Stamps</h2>

<p>
Maintainers should preserve the modification times of the upstream source files
in a package, as far as is reasonably possible.[<a href="footnotes.html#f22"
name="fr22">22</a>]
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-restrictions">4.8 Restrictions on objects in source packages</h2>

<p>
The source package may not contain any hard links[<a href="footnotes.html#f23"
name="fr23">23</a>], device special files, sockets or setuid or setgid
files.[<a href="footnotes.html#f24" name="fr24">24</a>]
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-debianrules">4.9 Main building script: <code>debian/rules</code></h2>

<p>
This file must be an executable makefile, and contains the package-specific
recipes for compiling the package and building binary package(s) from the
source.
</p>

<p>
It must start with the line <samp>#!/usr/bin/make -f</samp>, so that it can be
invoked by saying its name rather than invoking <code>make</code> explicitly.
</p>

<p>
Since an interactive <code>debian/rules</code> script makes it impossible to
auto-compile that package and also makes it hard for other people to reproduce
the same binary package, all <em>required targets</em> MUST be non-interactive.
At a minimum, required targets are the ones called by
<code>dpkg-buildpackage</code>, namely, <em>clean</em>, <em>binary</em>,
<em>binary-arch</em>, <em>binary-indep</em>, and <em>build</em>.  It also
follows that any target that these targets depend on must also be
non-interactive.
</p>

<p>
The targets are as follows (required unless stated otherwise):
</p>
<dl>
<dt><samp>build</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <samp>build</samp> target should perform all the configuration and
compilation of the package.  If a package has an interactive pre-build
configuration routine, the Debianized source package must either be built after
this has taken place (so that the binary package can be built without rerunning
the configuration) or the configuration routine modified to become
non-interactive.  (The latter is preferable if there are architecture-specific
features detected by the configuration routine.)
</p>

<p>
For some packages, notably ones where the same source tree is compiled in
different ways to produce two binary packages, the <samp>build</samp> target
does not make much sense.  For these packages it is good enough to provide two
(or more) targets (<samp>build-a</samp> and <samp>build-b</samp> or whatever)
for each of the ways of building the package, and a <samp>build</samp> target
that does nothing.  The <samp>binary</samp> target will have to build the
package in each of the possible ways and make the binary package out of each.
</p>

<p>
The <samp>build</samp> target must not do anything that might require root
privilege.
</p>

<p>
The <samp>build</samp> target may need to run the <samp>clean</samp> target
first - see below.
</p>

<p>
When a package has a configuration and build routine which takes a long time,
or when the makefiles are poorly designed, or when <samp>build</samp> needs to
run <samp>clean</samp> first, it is a good idea to <samp>touch build</samp>
when the build process is complete.  This will ensure that if
<samp>debian/rules build</samp> is run again it will not rebuild the whole
program.[<a href="footnotes.html#f25" name="fr25">25</a>]
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp>build-arch</samp> (optional), <samp>build-indep</samp> (optional)</dt>
<dd>
<p>
A package may also provide both of the targets <samp>build-arch</samp> and
<samp>build-indep</samp>.  The <samp>build-arch</samp> target, if provided,
should perform all the configuration and compilation required for producing all
architecture-dependant binary packages (those packages for which the body of
the <samp>Architecture</samp> field in <samp>debian/control</samp> is not
<samp>all</samp>).  Similarly, the <samp>build-indep</samp> target, if
provided, should perform all the configuration and compilation required for
producing all architecture-independent binary packages (those packages for
which the body of the <samp>Architecture</samp> field in
<samp>debian/control</samp> is <samp>all</samp>).  The <samp>build</samp>
target should depend on those of the targets <samp>build-arch</samp> and
<samp>build-indep</samp> that are provided in the rules file.
</p>

<p>
If one or both of the targets <samp>build-arch</samp> and
<samp>build-indep</samp> are not provided, then invoking
<code>debian/rules</code> with one of the not-provided targets as arguments
should produce a exit status code of 2.  Usually this is provided automatically
by make if the target is missing.
</p>

<p>
The <samp>build-arch</samp> and <samp>build-indep</samp> targets must not do
anything that might require root privilege.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp>binary</samp>, <samp>binary-arch</samp>, <samp>binary-indep</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <samp>binary</samp> target must be all that is necessary for the user to
build the binary package(s) produced from this source package.  It is split
into two parts: <code>binary-arch</code> builds the binary packages which are
specific to a particular architecture, and <samp>binary-indep</samp> builds
those which are not.
</p>

<p>
<samp>binary</samp> may be (and commonly is) a target with no commands which
simply depends on <samp>binary-arch</samp> and <samp>binary-indep</samp>.
</p>

<p>
Both <samp>binary-*</samp> targets should depend on the <samp>build</samp>
target, or on the appropriate <samp>build-arch</samp> or
<samp>build-indep</samp> target, if provided, so that the package is built if
it has not been already.  It should then create the relevant binary package(s),
using <code>dpkg-gencontrol</code> to make their control files and
<code>dpkg-deb</code> to build them and place them in the parent of the top
level directory.
</p>

<p>
Both the <samp>binary-arch</samp> and <samp>binary-indep</samp> targets
<em>must</em> exist.  If one of them has nothing to do (which will always be
the case if the source generates only a single binary package, whether
architecture-dependent or not), it must still exist and must always succeed.
</p>

<p>
The <samp>binary</samp> targets must be invoked as root.[<a
href="footnotes.html#f26" name="fr26">26</a>]
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp>clean</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
This must undo any effects that the <samp>build</samp> and <samp>binary</samp>
targets may have had, except that it should leave alone any output files
created in the parent directory by a run of a <samp>binary</samp> target.
</p>

<p>
If a <samp>build</samp> file is touched at the end of the <samp>build</samp>
target, as suggested above, it should be removed as the first action that
<samp>clean</samp> performs, so that running <samp>build</samp> again after an
interrupted <samp>clean</samp> doesn't think that everything is already done.
</p>

<p>
The <samp>clean</samp> target may need to be invoked as root if
<samp>binary</samp> has been invoked since the last <samp>clean</samp>, or if
<samp>build</samp> has been invoked as root (since <samp>build</samp> may
create directories, for example).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp>get-orig-source</samp> (optional)</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This target fetches the most recent version of the original source package from
a canonical archive site (via FTP or WWW, for example), does any necessary
rearrangement to turn it into the original source tar file format described
below, and leaves it in the current directory.
</p>

<p>
This target may be invoked in any directory, and should take care to clean up
any temporary files it may have left.
</p>

<p>
This target is optional, but providing it if possible is a good idea.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp>patch</samp> (optional)</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This target performs whatever additional actions are required to make the
source ready for editing (unpacking additional upstream archives, applying
patches, etc.).  It is recommended to be implemented for any package where
<samp>dpkg-source -x</samp> does not result in source ready for additional
modification.  See <a href="#s-readmesource">Source package handling:
<code>debian/README.source</code>, Section 4.14</a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>
The <samp>build</samp>, <samp>binary</samp> and <samp>clean</samp> targets must
be invoked with the current directory being the package's top-level directory.
</p>

<p>
Additional targets may exist in <code>debian/rules</code>, either as published
or undocumented interfaces or for the package's internal use.
</p>

<p>
The architectures we build on and build for are determined by <code>make</code>
variables using the utility <a
href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-architecture"><code>dpkg-architecture</code></a>.
You can determine the Debian architecture and the GNU style architecture
specification string for the build machine (the machine type we are building
on) as well as for the host machine (the machine type we are building for).
Here is a list of supported <code>make</code> variables:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
<samp>DEB_*_ARCH</samp> (the Debian architecture)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<samp>DEB_*_GNU_TYPE</samp> (the GNU style architecture specification string)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<samp>DEB_*_GNU_CPU</samp> (the CPU part of <samp>DEB_*_GNU_TYPE</samp>)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<samp>DEB_*_GNU_SYSTEM</samp> (the System part of <samp>DEB_*_GNU_TYPE</samp>)
</p>
</li>
</ul>

<p>
where <samp>*</samp> is either <samp>BUILD</samp> for specification of the
build machine or <samp>HOST</samp> for specification of the host machine.
</p>

<p>
Backward compatibility can be provided in the rules file by setting the needed
variables to suitable default values; please refer to the documentation of
<code>dpkg-architecture</code> for details.
</p>

<p>
It is important to understand that the <samp>DEB_*_ARCH</samp> string only
determines which Debian architecture we are building on or for.  It should not
be used to get the CPU or system information; the GNU style variables should be
used for that.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-debianrules-options">4.9.1 <code>debian/rules</code> and <samp>DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS</samp></h3>

<p>
Supporting the standardized environment variable <samp>DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS</samp>
is recommended.  This variable can contain several flags to change how a
package is compiled and built.  Each flag must be in the form <var>flag</var>
or <var>flag</var>=<var>options</var>.  If multiple flags are given, they must
be separated by whitespace.[<a href="footnotes.html#f27" name="fr27">27</a>]
<var>flag</var> must start with a lowercase letter (<samp>a-z</samp>) and
consist only of lowercase letters, numbers (<samp>0-9</samp>), and the
characters <samp>-</samp> and <samp>_</samp> (hyphen and underscore).
<var>options</var> must not contain whitespace.  The same tag should not be
given multiple times with conflicting values.  Package maintainers may assume
that <samp>DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS</samp> will not contain conflicting tags.
</p>

<p>
The meaning of the following tags has been standardized:
</p>
<dl>
<dt>nocheck</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This tag says to not run any build-time test suite provided by the package.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>noopt</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The presence of this tag means that the package should be compiled with a
minimum of optimization.  For C programs, it is best to add <samp>-O0</samp> to
<samp>CFLAGS</samp> (although this is usually the default).  Some programs
might fail to build or run at this level of optimization; it may be necessary
to use <samp>-O1</samp>, for example.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>nostrip</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This tag means that the debugging symbols should not be stripped from the
binary during installation, so that debugging information may be included in
the package.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>parallel=n</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This tag means that the package should be built using up to <samp>n</samp>
parallel processes if the package build system supports this.[<a
href="footnotes.html#f28" name="fr28">28</a>] If the package build system does
not support parallel builds, this string must be ignored.  If the package build
system only supports a lower level of concurrency than <var>n</var>, the
package should be built using as many parallel processes as the package build
system supports.  It is up to the package maintainer to decide whether the
package build times are long enough and the package build system is robust
enough to make supporting parallel builds worthwhile.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>
Unknown flags must be ignored by <code>debian/rules</code>.
</p>

<p>
The following makefile snippet is an example of how one may implement the build
options; you will probably have to massage this example in order to make it
work for your package.
</p>
<pre>
     CFLAGS = -Wall -g
     INSTALL = install
     INSTALL_FILE    = $(INSTALL) -p    -o root -g root  -m  644
     INSTALL_PROGRAM = $(INSTALL) -p    -o root -g root  -m  755
     INSTALL_SCRIPT  = $(INSTALL) -p    -o root -g root  -m  755
     INSTALL_DIR     = $(INSTALL) -p -d -o root -g root  -m  755
     
     ifneq (,$(filter noopt,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS)))
         CFLAGS += -O0
     else
         CFLAGS += -O2
     endif
     ifeq (,$(filter nostrip,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS)))
         INSTALL_PROGRAM += -s
     endif
     ifneq (,$(filter parallel=%,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS)))
         NUMJOBS = $(patsubst parallel=%,%,$(filter parallel=%,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS)))
         MAKEFLAGS += -j$(NUMJOBS)
     endif
     
     build:
     	# ...
     ifeq (,$(filter nocheck,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS)))
     	# Code to run the package test suite.
     endif
</pre>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-substvars">4.10 Variable substitutions: <code>debian/substvars</code></h2>

<p>
When <code>dpkg-gencontrol</code>, <code>dpkg-genchanges</code> and
<code>dpkg-source</code> generate control files they perform variable
substitutions on their output just before writing it.  Variable substitutions
have the form <samp>${<var>variable</var>}</samp>.  The optional file
<code>debian/substvars</code> contains variable substitutions to be used;
variables can also be set directly from <code>debian/rules</code> using the
<samp>-V</samp> option to the source packaging commands, and certain predefined
variables are also available.
</p>

<p>
The <code>debian/substvars</code> file is usually generated and modified
dynamically by <code>debian/rules</code> targets, in which case it must be
removed by the <samp>clean</samp> target.
</p>

<p>
See <code>deb-substvars(5)</code> for full details about source variable
substitutions, including the format of <code>debian/substvars</code>.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-debianwatch">4.11 Optional upstream source location: <code>debian/watch</code></h2>

<p>
This is an optional, recommended control file for the <samp>uscan</samp>
utility which defines how to automatically scan ftp or http sites for newly
available updates of the package.  This is used by <code><a
href="http://dehs.alioth.debian.org/">http://dehs.alioth.debian.org/</a></code>
and other Debian QA tools to help with quality control and maintenance of the
distribution as a whole.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-debianfiles">4.12 Generated files list: <code>debian/files</code></h2>

<p>
This file is not a permanent part of the source tree; it is used while building
packages to record which files are being generated.
<code>dpkg-genchanges</code> uses it when it generates a <code>.changes</code>
file.
</p>

<p>
It should not exist in a shipped source package, and so it (and any backup
files or temporary files such as <code>files.new</code>[<a
href="footnotes.html#f29" name="fr29">29</a>]) should be removed by the
<samp>clean</samp> target.  It may also be wise to ensure a fresh start by
emptying or removing it at the start of the <samp>binary</samp> target.
</p>

<p>
When <code>dpkg-gencontrol</code> is run for a binary package, it adds an entry
to <code>debian/files</code> for the <code>.deb</code> file that will be
created when <samp>dpkg-deb --build</samp> is run for that binary package.  So
for most packages all that needs to be done with this file is to delete it in
the <samp>clean</samp> target.
</p>

<p>
If a package upload includes files besides the source package and any binary
packages whose control files were made with <code>dpkg-gencontrol</code> then
they should be placed in the parent of the package's top-level directory and
<code>dpkg-distaddfile</code> should be called to add the file to the list in
<code>debian/files</code>.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-embeddedfiles">4.13 Convenience copies of code</h2>

<p>
Some software packages include in their distribution convenience copies of code
from other software packages, generally so that users compiling from source
don't have to download multiple packages.  Ubuntu packages should not make use
of these convenience copies unless the included package is explicitly intended
to be used in this way.[<a href="footnotes.html#f30" name="fr30">30</a>] If the
included code is already in the Ubuntu archive in the form of a library, the
Ubuntu packaging should ensure that binary packages reference the libraries
already in Ubuntu and the convenience copy is not used.  If the included code
is not already in Ubuntu, it should be packaged separately as a prerequisite if
possible.  [<a href="footnotes.html#f31" name="fr31">31</a>]
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-readmesource">4.14 Source package handling: <code>debian/README.source</code></h2>

<p>
If running <code>dpkg-source -x</code> on a source package doesn't produce the
source of the package, ready for editing, and allow one to make changes and run
<code>dpkg-buildpackage</code> to produce a modified package without taking any
additional steps, creating a <code>debian/README.source</code> documentation
file is recommended.  This file should explain how to do all of the following:
</p>
<ol type="1" start="1" >
<li>
<p>
Generate the fully patched source, in a form ready for editing, that would be
built to create Ubuntu packages.  Doing this with a <samp>patch</samp> target
in <code>debian/rules</code> is recommended; see <a href="#s-debianrules">Main
building script: <code>debian/rules</code>, Section 4.9</a>.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ol type="1" start="2" >
<li>
<p>
Modify the source and save those modifications so that they will be applied
when building the package.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ol type="1" start="3" >
<li>
<p>
Remove source modifications that are currently being applied when building the
package.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ol type="1" start="4" >
<li>
<p>
Optionally, document what steps are necessary to upgrade the Ubuntu source
package to a new upstream version, if applicable.
</p>
</li>
</ol>

<p>
This explanation should include specific commands and mention any additional
required Ubuntu packages.  It should not assume familiarity with any specific
Ubuntu packaging system or patch management tools.
</p>

<p>
This explanation may refer to a documentation file installed by one of the
package's build dependencies provided that the referenced documentation clearly
explains these tasks and is not a general reference manual.
</p>

<p>
<code>debian/README.source</code> may also include any other information that
would be helpful to someone modifying the source package.  Even if the package
doesn't fit the above description, maintainers are encouraged to document in a
<code>debian/README.source</code> file any source package with a particularly
complex or unintuitive source layout or build system (for example, a package
that builds the same source multiple times to generate different binary
packages).
</p>

<hr>

<p>
[ <a href="ch-binary.html">previous</a> ]
[ <a href="index.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-scope.html">1</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-archive.html">2</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-binary.html">3</a> ]
[ 4 ]
[ <a href="ch-controlfields.html">5</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-maintainerscripts.html">6</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-relationships.html">7</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-sharedlibs.html">8</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-opersys.html">9</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-files.html">10</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-customized-programs.html">11</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-docs.html">12</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-scope.html">A</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html">B</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html">C</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html">D</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-conffiles.html">E</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-alternatives.html">F</a> ]
[ <a href="ap-pkg-diversions.html">G</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-controlfields.html">next</a> ]
</p>

<hr>

<p>
Ubuntu Policy Manual
</p>

<address>
version 3.8.2.0ubuntu3, 2017-02-20<br>
<br>
<a href="ch-scope.html#s-authors">The Debian Policy Mailing List</a><br>
<a href="ch-scope.html#s-authors">The Ubuntu Developers Mailing List</a><br>
<br>
</address>
<hr>

</body>

</html>