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Name: tblib
Version: 1.3.2
Summary: Traceback serialization library.
Home-page: https://github.com/ionelmc/python-tblib
Author: Ionel Cristian Mărieș
Author-email: contact@ionelmc.ro
License: BSD
Description-Content-Type: UNKNOWN
Description: ========
Overview
========
Traceback serialization library.
* Free software: BSD license
It allows you to:
* `Pickle <https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html>`_ tracebacks and raise exceptions
with pickled tracebacks in different processes. This allows better error handling when running
code over multiple processes (imagine multiprocessing, billiard, futures, celery etc).
* Create traceback objects from strings (the ``from_string`` method). *No pickling is used*.
* Serialize tracebacks to/from plain dicts (the ``from_dict`` and ``to_dict`` methods). *No pickling is used*.
* Raise the tracebacks created from the aforementioned sources.
**Again, note that using the pickle support is completely optional. You are solely responsible for
security problems should you decide to use the pickle support.**
Installation
============
::
pip install tblib
Documentation
=============
.. contents::
:local:
Pickling tracebacks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**Note**: The traceback objects that come out are stripped of some attributes (like variables). But you'll be able to raise exceptions with
those tracebacks or print them - that should cover 99% of the usecases.
::
>>> from tblib import pickling_support
>>> pickling_support.install()
>>> import pickle, sys
>>> def inner_0():
... raise Exception('fail')
...
>>> def inner_1():
... inner_0()
...
>>> def inner_2():
... inner_1()
...
>>> try:
... inner_2()
... except:
... s1 = pickle.dumps(sys.exc_info())
...
>>> len(s1) > 1
True
>>> try:
... inner_2()
... except:
... s2 = pickle.dumps(sys.exc_info(), protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
...
>>> len(s2) > 1
True
>>> try:
... import cPickle
... except ImportError:
... import pickle as cPickle
>>> try:
... inner_2()
... except:
... s3 = cPickle.dumps(sys.exc_info(), protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
...
>>> len(s3) > 1
True
Unpickling
~~~~~~~~~~
::
>>> pickle.loads(s1)
(<...Exception'>, Exception('fail',), <traceback object at ...>)
>>> pickle.loads(s2)
(<...Exception'>, Exception('fail',), <traceback object at ...>)
>>> pickle.loads(s3)
(<...Exception'>, Exception('fail',), <traceback object at ...>)
Raising
~~~~~~~
::
>>> from six import reraise
>>> reraise(*pickle.loads(s1))
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[14]>", line 1, in <module>
reraise(*pickle.loads(s2))
File "<doctest README.rst[8]>", line 2, in <module>
inner_2()
File "<doctest README.rst[5]>", line 2, in inner_2
inner_1()
File "<doctest README.rst[4]>", line 2, in inner_1
inner_0()
File "<doctest README.rst[3]>", line 2, in inner_0
raise Exception('fail')
Exception: fail
>>> reraise(*pickle.loads(s2))
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[14]>", line 1, in <module>
reraise(*pickle.loads(s2))
File "<doctest README.rst[8]>", line 2, in <module>
inner_2()
File "<doctest README.rst[5]>", line 2, in inner_2
inner_1()
File "<doctest README.rst[4]>", line 2, in inner_1
inner_0()
File "<doctest README.rst[3]>", line 2, in inner_0
raise Exception('fail')
Exception: fail
>>> reraise(*pickle.loads(s3))
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[14]>", line 1, in <module>
reraise(*pickle.loads(s2))
File "<doctest README.rst[8]>", line 2, in <module>
inner_2()
File "<doctest README.rst[5]>", line 2, in inner_2
inner_1()
File "<doctest README.rst[4]>", line 2, in inner_1
inner_0()
File "<doctest README.rst[3]>", line 2, in inner_0
raise Exception('fail')
Exception: fail
What if we have a local stack, does it show correctly ?
-------------------------------------------------------
Yes it does::
>>> exc_info = pickle.loads(s3)
>>> def local_0():
... reraise(*exc_info)
...
>>> def local_1():
... local_0()
...
>>> def local_2():
... local_1()
...
>>> local_2()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "...doctest.py", line ..., in __run
compileflags, 1) in test.globs
File "<doctest README.rst[24]>", line 1, in <module>
local_2()
File "<doctest README.rst[23]>", line 2, in local_2
local_1()
File "<doctest README.rst[22]>", line 2, in local_1
local_0()
File "<doctest README.rst[21]>", line 2, in local_0
reraise(*exc_info)
File "<doctest README.rst[11]>", line 2, in <module>
inner_2()
File "<doctest README.rst[5]>", line 2, in inner_2
inner_1()
File "<doctest README.rst[4]>", line 2, in inner_1
inner_0()
File "<doctest README.rst[3]>", line 2, in inner_0
raise Exception('fail')
Exception: fail
It also supports more contrived scenarios
-----------------------------------------
Like tracebacks with syntax errors::
>>> from tblib import Traceback
>>> from examples import bad_syntax
>>> try:
... bad_syntax()
... except:
... et, ev, tb = sys.exc_info()
... tb = Traceback(tb)
...
>>> reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[58]>", line 1, in <module>
reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
File "<doctest README.rst[57]>", line 2, in <module>
bad_syntax()
File "...tests...examples.py", line 18, in bad_syntax
import badsyntax
File "...tests...badsyntax.py", line 5
is very bad
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Or other import failures::
>>> from examples import bad_module
>>> try:
... bad_module()
... except:
... et, ev, tb = sys.exc_info()
... tb = Traceback(tb)
...
>>> reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[61]>", line 1, in <module>
reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
File "<doctest README.rst[60]>", line 2, in <module>
bad_module()
File "...tests...examples.py", line 23, in bad_module
import badmodule
File "...tests...badmodule.py", line 3, in <module>
raise Exception("boom!")
Exception: boom!
Or a traceback that's caused by exceeding the recursion limit (here we're
forcing the type and value to have consistency across platforms)::
>>> def f(): f()
>>> try:
... f()
... except RuntimeError:
... et, ev, tb = sys.exc_info()
... tb = Traceback(tb)
...
>>> reraise(RuntimeError, RuntimeError("maximum recursion depth exceeded"), tb.as_traceback())
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[32]>", line 1, in f
def f(): f()
File "<doctest README.rst[32]>", line 1, in f
def f(): f()
File "<doctest README.rst[32]>", line 1, in f
def f(): f()
...
RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded
Reference
~~~~~~~~~
tblib.Traceback
---------------
It is used by the ``pickling_support``. You can use it too if you want more flexibility::
>>> from tblib import Traceback
>>> try:
... inner_2()
... except:
... et, ev, tb = sys.exc_info()
... tb = Traceback(tb)
...
>>> reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[21]>", line 6, in <module>
reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
File "<doctest README.rst[21]>", line 2, in <module>
inner_2()
File "<doctest README.rst[5]>", line 2, in inner_2
inner_1()
File "<doctest README.rst[4]>", line 2, in inner_1
inner_0()
File "<doctest README.rst[3]>", line 2, in inner_0
raise Exception('fail')
Exception: fail
tblib.Traceback.to_dict
```````````````````````
You can use the ``to_dict`` method and the ``from_dict`` classmethod to
convert a Traceback into and from a dictionary serializable by the stdlib
json.JSONDecoder::
>>> import json
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> try:
... inner_2()
... except:
... et, ev, tb = sys.exc_info()
... tb = Traceback(tb)
... tb_dict = tb.to_dict()
... pprint(tb_dict)
{'tb_frame': {'f_code': {'co_filename': '<doctest README.rst[...]>',
'co_name': '<module>'},
'f_globals': {'__name__': '__main__'}},
'tb_lineno': 2,
'tb_next': {'tb_frame': {'f_code': {'co_filename': ...
'co_name': 'inner_2'},
'f_globals': {'__name__': '__main__'}},
'tb_lineno': 2,
'tb_next': {'tb_frame': {'f_code': {'co_filename': ...
'co_name': 'inner_1'},
'f_globals': {'__name__': '__main__'}},
'tb_lineno': 2,
'tb_next': {'tb_frame': {'f_code': {'co_filename': ...
'co_name': 'inner_0'},
'f_globals': {'__name__': '__main__'}},
'tb_lineno': 2,
'tb_next': None}}}}
tblib.Traceback.from_dict
`````````````````````````
Building on the previous example::
>>> tb_json = json.dumps(tb_dict)
>>> tb = Traceback.from_dict(json.loads(tb_json))
>>> reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[21]>", line 6, in <module>
reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
File "<doctest README.rst[21]>", line 2, in <module>
inner_2()
File "<doctest README.rst[5]>", line 2, in inner_2
inner_1()
File "<doctest README.rst[4]>", line 2, in inner_1
inner_0()
File "<doctest README.rst[3]>", line 2, in inner_0
raise Exception('fail')
Exception: fail
tblib.Traceback.from_string
```````````````````````````
::
>>> tb = Traceback.from_string("""
... File "skipped.py", line 123, in func_123
... Traceback (most recent call last):
... File "tests/examples.py", line 2, in func_a
... func_b()
... File "tests/examples.py", line 6, in func_b
... func_c()
... File "tests/examples.py", line 10, in func_c
... func_d()
... File "tests/examples.py", line 14, in func_d
... Doesn't: matter
... """)
>>> reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[42]>", line 6, in <module>
reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
File "...examples.py", line 2, in func_a
func_b()
File "...examples.py", line 6, in func_b
func_c()
File "...examples.py", line 10, in func_c
func_d()
File "...examples.py", line 14, in func_d
raise Exception("Guessing time !")
Exception: fail
If you use the ``strict=False`` option then parsing is a bit more lax::
>>> tb = Traceback.from_string("""
... File "bogus.py", line 123, in bogus
... Traceback (most recent call last):
... File "tests/examples.py", line 2, in func_a
... func_b()
... File "tests/examples.py", line 6, in func_b
... func_c()
... File "tests/examples.py", line 10, in func_c
... func_d()
... File "tests/examples.py", line 14, in func_d
... Doesn't: matter
... """, strict=False)
>>> reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[42]>", line 6, in <module>
reraise(et, ev, tb.as_traceback())
File "bogus.py", line 123, in bogus
File "...examples.py", line 2, in func_a
func_b()
File "...examples.py", line 6, in func_b
func_c()
File "...examples.py", line 10, in func_c
func_d()
File "...examples.py", line 14, in func_d
raise Exception("Guessing time !")
Exception: fail
tblib.decorators.return_error
-----------------------------
::
>>> from tblib.decorators import return_error
>>> inner_2r = return_error(inner_2)
>>> e = inner_2r()
>>> e
<tblib.decorators.Error object at ...>
>>> e.reraise()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "<doctest README.rst[26]>", line 1, in <module>
e.reraise()
File "...tblib...decorators.py", line 19, in reraise
reraise(self.exc_type, self.exc_value, self.traceback)
File "...tblib...decorators.py", line 25, in return_exceptions_wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "<doctest README.rst[5]>", line 2, in inner_2
inner_1()
File "<doctest README.rst[4]>", line 2, in inner_1
inner_0()
File "<doctest README.rst[3]>", line 2, in inner_0
raise Exception('fail')
Exception: fail
How's this useful ? Imagine you're using multiprocessing like this::
>>> import traceback
>>> from multiprocessing import Pool
>>> from examples import func_a
>>> if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 4):
... import multiprocessing.pool
... # Undo the fix for http://bugs.python.org/issue13831 so that we can see the effects of our change.
... # because Python 3.4 will show the remote traceback (but as a string sadly)
... multiprocessing.pool.ExceptionWithTraceback = lambda e, t: e
>>> pool = Pool()
>>> try:
... for i in pool.map(func_a, range(5)):
... print(i)
... except:
... print(traceback.format_exc())
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<doctest README.rst[...]>", line 2, in <module>
for i in pool.map(func_a, range(5)):
File "...multiprocessing...pool.py", line ..., in map
...
File "...multiprocessing...pool.py", line ..., in get
...
Exception: Guessing time !
<BLANKLINE>
>>> pool.terminate()
Not very useful is it? Let's sort this out::
>>> from tblib.decorators import apply_with_return_error, Error
>>> from itertools import repeat
>>> pool = Pool()
>>> try:
... for i in pool.map(apply_with_return_error, zip(repeat(func_a), range(5))):
... if isinstance(i, Error):
... i.reraise()
... else:
... print(i)
... except:
... print(traceback.format_exc())
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<doctest README.rst[...]>", line 4, in <module>
i.reraise()
File "...tblib...decorators.py", line ..., in reraise
reraise(self.exc_type, self.exc_value, self.traceback)
File "...tblib...decorators.py", line ..., in return_exceptions_wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "...tblib...decorators.py", line ..., in apply_with_return_error
return args[0](*args[1:])
File "...examples.py", line 2, in func_a
func_b()
File "...examples.py", line 6, in func_b
func_c()
File "...examples.py", line 10, in func_c
func_d()
File "...examples.py", line 14, in func_d
raise Exception("Guessing time !")
Exception: Guessing time !
<BLANKLINE>
>>> pool.terminate()
Much better !
What if we have a local call stack ?
````````````````````````````````````
::
>>> def local_0():
... pool = Pool()
... for i in pool.map(apply_with_return_error, zip(repeat(func_a), range(5))):
... if isinstance(i, Error):
... i.reraise()
... else:
... print(i)
...
>>> def local_1():
... local_0()
...
>>> def local_2():
... local_1()
...
>>> try:
... local_2()
... except:
... print(traceback.format_exc())
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<doctest README.rst[...]>", line 2, in <module>
local_2()
File "<doctest README.rst[...]>", line 2, in local_2
local_1()
File "<doctest README.rst[...]>", line 2, in local_1
local_0()
File "<doctest README.rst[...]>", line 5, in local_0
i.reraise()
File "...tblib...decorators.py", line 20, in reraise
reraise(self.exc_type, self.exc_value, self.traceback)
File "...tblib...decorators.py", line 27, in return_exceptions_wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "...tblib...decorators.py", line 47, in apply_with_return_error
return args[0](*args[1:])
File "...tests...examples.py", line 2, in func_a
func_b()
File "...tests...examples.py", line 6, in func_b
func_c()
File "...tests...examples.py", line 10, in func_c
func_d()
File "...tests...examples.py", line 14, in func_d
raise Exception("Guessing time !")
Exception: Guessing time !
<BLANKLINE>
Other weird stuff
`````````````````
Clearing traceback works (Python 3.4 and up)::
>>> tb = Traceback.from_string("""
... File "skipped.py", line 123, in func_123
... Traceback (most recent call last):
... File "tests/examples.py", line 2, in func_a
... func_b()
... File "tests/examples.py", line 6, in func_b
... func_c()
... File "tests/examples.py", line 10, in func_c
... func_d()
... File "tests/examples.py", line 14, in func_d
... Doesn't: matter
... """)
>>> import traceback, sys
>>> if sys.version_info > (3, 4):
... traceback.clear_frames(tb)
Credits
=======
* `mitsuhiko/jinja2 <https://github.com/mitsuhiko/jinja2>`_ for figuring a way to create traceback objects.
Changelog
=========
1.3.2 (2017-04-09)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Add support for PyPy3.5-5.7.1-beta. Previously ``AttributeError:
'Frame' object has no attribute 'clear'`` could be raised. See PyPy
issue `#2532 <https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issues/2532/pypy3-attributeerror-frame-object-has-no>`_.
1.3.1 (2017-03-27)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Fixed handling for tracebacks due to exceeding the recursion limit.
Fixes `#15 <https://github.com/ionelmc/python-tblib/issues/15>`_.
1.3.0 (2016-03-08)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Added ``Traceback.from_string``.
1.2.0 (2015-12-18)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Fixed handling for tracebacks from generators and other internal improvements
and optimizations. Contributed by DRayX in `#10 <https://github.com/ionelmc/python-tblib/issues/10>`_
and `#11 <https://github.com/ionelmc/python-tblib/pull/11>`_.
1.1.0 (2015-07-27)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Added support for Python 2.6. Contributed by Arcadiy Ivanov in
`#8 <https://github.com/ionelmc/python-tblib/pull/8>`_.
1.0.0 (2015-03-30)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Added ``to_dict`` method and ``from_dict`` classmethod on Tracebacks.
Contributed by beckjake in `#5 <https://github.com/ionelmc/python-tblib/pull/5>`_.
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: Unix
Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
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