python3-passlib 1.7.1-1 / usr / lib / python3 / dist-packages / passlib / tests / test_context.py

"""tests for passlib.context"""
#=============================================================================
# imports
#=============================================================================
# core
from __future__ import with_statement
from passlib.utils.compat import PY3
if PY3:
    from configparser import NoSectionError
else:
    from ConfigParser import NoSectionError
import datetime
from functools import partial
import logging; log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
import os
import warnings
# site
# pkg
from passlib import hash
from passlib.context import CryptContext, LazyCryptContext
from passlib.exc import PasslibConfigWarning, PasslibHashWarning
from passlib.utils import tick, to_unicode
from passlib.utils.compat import irange, u, unicode, str_to_uascii, PY2, PY26
import passlib.utils.handlers as uh
from passlib.tests.utils import (TestCase, set_file, TICK_RESOLUTION,
                                 quicksleep, time_call, handler_derived_from)
from passlib.registry import (register_crypt_handler_path,
                        _has_crypt_handler as has_crypt_handler,
                        _unload_handler_name as unload_handler_name,
                        get_crypt_handler,
                        )
# local
#=============================================================================
# support
#=============================================================================
here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

def merge_dicts(first, *args, **kwds):
    target = first.copy()
    for arg in args:
        target.update(arg)
    if kwds:
        target.update(kwds)
    return target

#=============================================================================
#
#=============================================================================
class CryptContextTest(TestCase):
    descriptionPrefix = "CryptContext"

    # TODO: these unittests could really use a good cleanup
    # and reorganizing, to ensure they're getting everything.

    #===================================================================
    # sample configurations used in tests
    #===================================================================

    #---------------------------------------------------------------
    # sample 1 - typical configuration
    #---------------------------------------------------------------
    sample_1_schemes = ["des_crypt", "md5_crypt", "bsdi_crypt", "sha512_crypt"]
    sample_1_handlers = [get_crypt_handler(name) for name in sample_1_schemes]

    sample_1_dict = dict(
        schemes = sample_1_schemes,
        default = "md5_crypt",
        all__vary_rounds = 0.1,
        bsdi_crypt__max_rounds = 30001,
        bsdi_crypt__default_rounds = 25001,
        sha512_crypt__max_rounds = 50000,
        sha512_crypt__min_rounds = 40000,
    )

    sample_1_resolved_dict = merge_dicts(sample_1_dict,
                                         schemes = sample_1_handlers)

    sample_1_unnormalized = u("""\
[passlib]
schemes = des_crypt, md5_crypt, bsdi_crypt, sha512_crypt
default = md5_crypt
; this is using %...
all__vary_rounds = 10%%
bsdi_crypt__default_rounds = 25001
bsdi_crypt__max_rounds = 30001
sha512_crypt__max_rounds = 50000
sha512_crypt__min_rounds = 40000
""")

    sample_1_unicode = u("""\
[passlib]
schemes = des_crypt, md5_crypt, bsdi_crypt, sha512_crypt
default = md5_crypt
all__vary_rounds = 0.1
bsdi_crypt__default_rounds = 25001
bsdi_crypt__max_rounds = 30001
sha512_crypt__max_rounds = 50000
sha512_crypt__min_rounds = 40000

""")

    #---------------------------------------------------------------
    # sample 1 external files
    #---------------------------------------------------------------

    # sample 1 string with '\n' linesep
    sample_1_path = os.path.join(here, "sample1.cfg")

    # sample 1 with '\r\n' linesep
    sample_1b_unicode = sample_1_unicode.replace(u("\n"), u("\r\n"))
    sample_1b_path = os.path.join(here, "sample1b.cfg")

    # sample 1 using UTF-16 and alt section
    sample_1c_bytes = sample_1_unicode.replace(u("[passlib]"),
                                               u("[mypolicy]")).encode("utf-16")
    sample_1c_path = os.path.join(here, "sample1c.cfg")

    # enable to regenerate sample files
    if False:
        set_file(sample_1_path, sample_1_unicode)
        set_file(sample_1b_path, sample_1b_unicode)
        set_file(sample_1c_path, sample_1c_bytes)

    #---------------------------------------------------------------
    # sample 2 & 12 - options patch
    #---------------------------------------------------------------
    sample_2_dict = dict(
        # using this to test full replacement of existing options
        bsdi_crypt__min_rounds = 29001,
        bsdi_crypt__max_rounds = 35001,
        bsdi_crypt__default_rounds = 31001,
        # using this to test partial replacement of existing options
        sha512_crypt__min_rounds=45000,
    )

    sample_2_unicode = """\
[passlib]
bsdi_crypt__min_rounds = 29001
bsdi_crypt__max_rounds = 35001
bsdi_crypt__default_rounds = 31001
sha512_crypt__min_rounds = 45000
"""

    # sample 2 overlayed on top of sample 1
    sample_12_dict = merge_dicts(sample_1_dict, sample_2_dict)

    #---------------------------------------------------------------
    # sample 3 & 123 - just changing default from sample 1
    #---------------------------------------------------------------
    sample_3_dict = dict(
        default="sha512_crypt",
    )

    # sample 3 overlayed on 2 overlayed on 1
    sample_123_dict = merge_dicts(sample_12_dict, sample_3_dict)

    #---------------------------------------------------------------
    # sample 4 - used by api tests
    #---------------------------------------------------------------
    sample_4_dict = dict(
        schemes = [ "des_crypt", "md5_crypt", "phpass", "bsdi_crypt",
                   "sha256_crypt"],
        deprecated = [ "des_crypt", ],
        default = "sha256_crypt",
        bsdi_crypt__max_rounds = 31,
        bsdi_crypt__default_rounds = 25,
        bsdi_crypt__vary_rounds = 0,
        sha256_crypt__max_rounds = 3000,
        sha256_crypt__min_rounds = 2000,
        sha256_crypt__default_rounds = 3000,
        phpass__ident = "H",
        phpass__default_rounds = 7,
    )

    #===================================================================
    # setup
    #===================================================================
    def setUp(self):
        super(CryptContextTest, self).setUp()
        warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", "The 'all' scheme is deprecated.*")
        warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", ".*'scheme' keyword is deprecated as of Passlib 1.7.*")

    #===================================================================
    # constructors
    #===================================================================
    def test_01_constructor(self):
        """test class constructor"""

        # test blank constructor works correctly
        ctx = CryptContext()
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), {})

        # test sample 1 with scheme=names
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test sample 1 with scheme=handlers
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_resolved_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test sample 2: options w/o schemes
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_2_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_2_dict)

        # test sample 3: default only
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_3_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_3_dict)

        # test unicode scheme names (issue 54)
        ctx = CryptContext(schemes=[u("sha256_crypt")])
        self.assertEqual(ctx.schemes(), ("sha256_crypt",))

    def test_02_from_string(self):
        """test from_string() constructor"""
        # test sample 1 unicode
        ctx = CryptContext.from_string(self.sample_1_unicode)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test sample 1 with unnormalized inputs
        ctx = CryptContext.from_string(self.sample_1_unnormalized)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test sample 1 utf-8
        ctx = CryptContext.from_string(self.sample_1_unicode.encode("utf-8"))
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test sample 1 w/ '\r\n' linesep
        ctx = CryptContext.from_string(self.sample_1b_unicode)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test sample 1 using UTF-16 and alt section
        ctx = CryptContext.from_string(self.sample_1c_bytes, section="mypolicy",
                                     encoding="utf-16")
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test wrong type
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext.from_string, None)

        # test missing section
        self.assertRaises(NoSectionError, CryptContext.from_string,
                          self.sample_1_unicode, section="fakesection")

    def test_03_from_path(self):
        """test from_path() constructor"""
        # make sure sample files exist
        if not os.path.exists(self.sample_1_path):
            raise RuntimeError("can't find data file: %r" % self.sample_1_path)

        # test sample 1
        ctx = CryptContext.from_path(self.sample_1_path)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test sample 1 w/ '\r\n' linesep
        ctx = CryptContext.from_path(self.sample_1b_path)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test sample 1 encoding using UTF-16 and alt section
        ctx = CryptContext.from_path(self.sample_1c_path, section="mypolicy",
                                     encoding="utf-16")
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test missing file
        self.assertRaises(EnvironmentError, CryptContext.from_path,
                          os.path.join(here, "sample1xxx.cfg"))

        # test missing section
        self.assertRaises(NoSectionError, CryptContext.from_path,
                          self.sample_1_path, section="fakesection")

    def test_04_copy(self):
        """test copy() method"""
        cc1 = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)

        # overlay sample 2 onto copy
        cc2 = cc1.copy(**self.sample_2_dict)
        self.assertEqual(cc1.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(cc2.to_dict(), self.sample_12_dict)

        # check that repeating overlay makes no change
        cc2b = cc2.copy(**self.sample_2_dict)
        self.assertEqual(cc1.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(cc2b.to_dict(), self.sample_12_dict)

        # overlay sample 3 on copy
        cc3 = cc2.copy(**self.sample_3_dict)
        self.assertEqual(cc3.to_dict(), self.sample_123_dict)

        # test empty copy creates separate copy
        cc4 = cc1.copy()
        self.assertIsNot(cc4, cc1)
        self.assertEqual(cc1.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(cc4.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # ... and that modifying copy doesn't affect original
        cc4.update(**self.sample_2_dict)
        self.assertEqual(cc1.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(cc4.to_dict(), self.sample_12_dict)

    def test_09_repr(self):
        """test repr()"""
        cc1 = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        # NOTE: "0x-1234" format used by Pyston 0.5.1
        self.assertRegex(repr(cc1), "^<CryptContext at 0x-?[0-9a-f]+>$")

    #===================================================================
    # modifiers
    #===================================================================
    def test_10_load(self):
        """test load() / load_path() method"""
        # NOTE: load() is the workhorse that handles all policy parsing,
        # compilation, and validation. most of its features are tested
        # elsewhere, since all the constructors and modifiers are just
        # wrappers for it.

        # source_type 'auto'
        ctx = CryptContext()

            # detect dict
        ctx.load(self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

            # detect unicode string
        ctx.load(self.sample_1_unicode)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

            # detect bytes string
        ctx.load(self.sample_1_unicode.encode("utf-8"))
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

            # anything else - TypeError
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load, None)

        # NOTE: load_path() tested by from_path()
        # NOTE: additional string tests done by from_string()

        # update flag - tested by update() method tests
        # encoding keyword - tested by from_string() & from_path()
        # section keyword - tested by from_string() & from_path()

        # test load empty
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        ctx.load({}, update=True)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # multiple loads should clear the state
        ctx = CryptContext()
        ctx.load(self.sample_1_dict)
        ctx.load(self.sample_2_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_2_dict)

    def test_11_load_rollback(self):
        """test load() errors restore old state"""
        # create initial context
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt", "sha256_crypt"],
            sha256_crypt__default_rounds=5000,
            all__vary_rounds=0.1,
            )
        result = cc.to_string()

        # do an update operation that should fail during parsing
        # XXX: not sure what the right error type is here.
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.update, too__many__key__parts=True)
        self.assertEqual(cc.to_string(), result)

        # do an update operation that should fail during extraction
        # FIXME: this isn't failing even in broken case, need to figure out
        # way to ensure some keys come after this one.
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, cc.update, fake_context_option=True)
        self.assertEqual(cc.to_string(), result)

        # do an update operation that should fail during compilation
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.update, sha256_crypt__min_rounds=10000)
        self.assertEqual(cc.to_string(), result)

    def test_12_update(self):
        """test update() method"""

        # empty overlay
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        ctx.update()
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test basic overlay
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        ctx.update(**self.sample_2_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_12_dict)

        # ... and again
        ctx.update(**self.sample_3_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_123_dict)

        # overlay w/ dict arg
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        ctx.update(self.sample_2_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_12_dict)

        # overlay w/ string
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        ctx.update(self.sample_2_unicode)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_12_dict)

        # too many args
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.update, {}, {})
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.update, {}, schemes=['des_crypt'])

        # wrong arg type
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.update, None)

    #===================================================================
    # option parsing
    #===================================================================
    def test_20_options(self):
        """test basic option parsing"""
        def parse(**kwds):
            return CryptContext(**kwds).to_dict()

        #
        # common option parsing tests
        #

        # test keys with blank fields are rejected
            # blank option
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, __=0.1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, default__scheme__='x')

            # blank scheme
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, __option='x')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, default____option='x')

            # blank category
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, __scheme__option='x')

        # test keys with too many field are rejected
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext,
                          category__scheme__option__invalid = 30000)

        # keys with mixed separators should be handled correctly.
        # (testing actual data, not to_dict(), since re-render hid original bug)
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, parse,
                          **{"admin.context__schemes":"md5_crypt"})
        ctx = CryptContext(**{"schemes":"md5_crypt,des_crypt",
                              "admin.context__default":"des_crypt"})
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme("admin"), "des_crypt")

        #
        # context option -specific tests
        #

        # test context option key parsing
        result = dict(default="md5_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(parse(default="md5_crypt"), result)
        self.assertEqual(parse(context__default="md5_crypt"), result)
        self.assertEqual(parse(default__context__default="md5_crypt"), result)
        self.assertEqual(parse(**{"context.default":"md5_crypt"}), result)
        self.assertEqual(parse(**{"default.context.default":"md5_crypt"}), result)

        # test context option key parsing w/ category
        result = dict(admin__context__default="md5_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(parse(admin__context__default="md5_crypt"), result)
        self.assertEqual(parse(**{"admin.context.default":"md5_crypt"}), result)

        #
        # hash option -specific tests
        #

        # test hash option key parsing
        result = dict(all__vary_rounds=0.1)
        self.assertEqual(parse(all__vary_rounds=0.1), result)
        self.assertEqual(parse(default__all__vary_rounds=0.1), result)
        self.assertEqual(parse(**{"all.vary_rounds":0.1}), result)
        self.assertEqual(parse(**{"default.all.vary_rounds":0.1}), result)

        # test hash option key parsing w/ category
        result = dict(admin__all__vary_rounds=0.1)
        self.assertEqual(parse(admin__all__vary_rounds=0.1), result)
        self.assertEqual(parse(**{"admin.all.vary_rounds":0.1}), result)

        # settings not allowed if not in hash.setting_kwds
        ctx = CryptContext(["phpass", "md5_crypt"], phpass__ident="P")
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, ctx.copy, md5_crypt__ident="P")

        # hash options 'salt' and 'rounds' not allowed
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext, schemes=["des_crypt"],
                                                  des_crypt__salt="xx")
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext, schemes=["des_crypt"],
                                                  all__salt="xx")

    def test_21_schemes(self):
        """test 'schemes' context option parsing"""

        # schemes can be empty
        cc = CryptContext(schemes=None)
        self.assertEqual(cc.schemes(), ())

        # schemes can be list of names
        cc = CryptContext(schemes=["des_crypt", "md5_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(cc.schemes(), ("des_crypt", "md5_crypt"))

        # schemes can be comma-sep string
        cc = CryptContext(schemes=" des_crypt, md5_crypt, ")
        self.assertEqual(cc.schemes(), ("des_crypt", "md5_crypt"))

        # schemes can be list of handlers
        cc = CryptContext(schemes=[hash.des_crypt, hash.md5_crypt])
        self.assertEqual(cc.schemes(), ("des_crypt", "md5_crypt"))

        # scheme must be name or handler
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, schemes=[uh.StaticHandler])

        # handlers must have a name
        class nameless(uh.StaticHandler):
            name = None
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext, schemes=[nameless])

        # names must be unique
        class dummy_1(uh.StaticHandler):
            name = 'dummy_1'
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext, schemes=[dummy_1, dummy_1])

        # schemes not allowed per-category
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext,
                          admin__context__schemes=["md5_crypt"])

    def test_22_deprecated(self):
        """test 'deprecated' context option parsing"""
        def getdep(ctx, category=None):
            return [name for name in ctx.schemes()
                    if ctx.handler(name, category).deprecated]

        # no schemes - all deprecated values allowed
        cc = CryptContext(deprecated=["md5_crypt"])
        cc.update(schemes=["md5_crypt", "des_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc),["md5_crypt"])

        # deprecated values allowed if subset of schemes
        cc = CryptContext(deprecated=["md5_crypt"], schemes=["md5_crypt", "des_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc), ["md5_crypt"])

        # can be handler
        # XXX: allow handlers in deprecated list? not for now.
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, deprecated=[hash.md5_crypt],
                          schemes=["md5_crypt", "des_crypt"])
##        cc = CryptContext(deprecated=[hash.md5_crypt], schemes=["md5_crypt", "des_crypt"])
##        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc), ["md5_crypt"])

        # comma sep list
        cc = CryptContext(deprecated="md5_crypt,des_crypt", schemes=["md5_crypt", "des_crypt", "sha256_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc), ["md5_crypt", "des_crypt"])

        # values outside of schemes not allowed
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext, schemes=['des_crypt'],
                                                  deprecated=['md5_crypt'])

        # deprecating ALL schemes should cause ValueError
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext,
                          schemes=['des_crypt'],
                          deprecated=['des_crypt'])
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext,
                          schemes=['des_crypt', 'md5_crypt'],
                          admin__context__deprecated=['des_crypt', 'md5_crypt'])

        # deprecating explicit default scheme should cause ValueError

            # ... default listed as deprecated
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext,
                          schemes=['des_crypt', 'md5_crypt'],
                          default="md5_crypt",
                          deprecated="md5_crypt")

            # ... global default deprecated per-category
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext,
                          schemes=['des_crypt', 'md5_crypt'],
                          default="md5_crypt",
                          admin__context__deprecated="md5_crypt")

            # ... category default deprecated globally
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext,
                          schemes=['des_crypt', 'md5_crypt'],
                          admin__context__default="md5_crypt",
                          deprecated="md5_crypt")

            # ... category default deprecated in category
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext,
                          schemes=['des_crypt', 'md5_crypt'],
                          admin__context__default="md5_crypt",
                          admin__context__deprecated="md5_crypt")

        # category deplist should shadow default deplist
        CryptContext(
                          schemes=['des_crypt', 'md5_crypt'],
                          deprecated="md5_crypt",
                          admin__context__default="md5_crypt",
                          admin__context__deprecated=[])

        # wrong type
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, deprecated=123)

        # deprecated per-category
        cc = CryptContext(deprecated=["md5_crypt"],
                          schemes=["md5_crypt", "des_crypt"],
                          admin__context__deprecated=["des_crypt"],
                          )
        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc), ["md5_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc, "user"), ["md5_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc, "admin"), ["des_crypt"])

        # blank per-category deprecated list, shadowing default list
        cc = CryptContext(deprecated=["md5_crypt"],
                          schemes=["md5_crypt", "des_crypt"],
                          admin__context__deprecated=[],
                          )
        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc), ["md5_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc, "user"), ["md5_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(getdep(cc, "admin"), [])

    def test_23_default(self):
        """test 'default' context option parsing"""

        # anything allowed if no schemes
        self.assertEqual(CryptContext(default="md5_crypt").to_dict(),
                         dict(default="md5_crypt"))

        # default allowed if in scheme list
        ctx = CryptContext(default="md5_crypt", schemes=["des_crypt", "md5_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme(), "md5_crypt")

        # default can be handler
        # XXX: sure we want to allow this ? maybe deprecate in future.
        ctx = CryptContext(default=hash.md5_crypt, schemes=["des_crypt", "md5_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme(), "md5_crypt")

        # implicit default should be first non-deprecated scheme
        ctx = CryptContext(schemes=["des_crypt", "md5_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme(), "des_crypt")
        ctx.update(deprecated="des_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme(), "md5_crypt")

        # error if not in scheme list
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext, schemes=['des_crypt'],
                                                  default='md5_crypt')

        # wrong type
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, default=1)

        # per-category
        ctx = CryptContext(default="des_crypt",
                           schemes=["des_crypt", "md5_crypt"],
                           admin__context__default="md5_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme(), "des_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme("user"), "des_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme("admin"), "md5_crypt")

    def test_24_vary_rounds(self):
        """test 'vary_rounds' hash option parsing"""
        def parse(v):
            return CryptContext(all__vary_rounds=v).to_dict()['all__vary_rounds']

        # floats should be preserved
        self.assertEqual(parse(0.1), 0.1)
        self.assertEqual(parse('0.1'), 0.1)

        # 'xx%' should be converted to float
        self.assertEqual(parse('10%'), 0.1)

        # ints should be preserved
        self.assertEqual(parse(1000), 1000)
        self.assertEqual(parse('1000'), 1000)

    #===================================================================
    # inspection & serialization
    #===================================================================

    def assertHandlerDerivedFrom(self, handler, base, msg=None):
        self.assertTrue(handler_derived_from(handler, base), msg=msg)

    def test_30_schemes(self):
        """test schemes() method"""
        # NOTE: also checked under test_21

        # test empty
        ctx = CryptContext()
        self.assertEqual(ctx.schemes(), ())
        self.assertEqual(ctx.schemes(resolve=True), ())

        # test sample 1
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.schemes(), tuple(self.sample_1_schemes))
        self.assertEqual(ctx.schemes(resolve=True, unconfigured=True), tuple(self.sample_1_handlers))
        for result, correct in zip(ctx.schemes(resolve=True), self.sample_1_handlers):
            self.assertTrue(handler_derived_from(result, correct))

        # test sample 2
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_2_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.schemes(), ())

    def test_31_default_scheme(self):
        """test default_scheme() method"""
        # NOTE: also checked under test_23

        # test empty
        ctx = CryptContext()
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, ctx.default_scheme)

        # test sample 1
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme(), "md5_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme(resolve=True, unconfigured=True), hash.md5_crypt)
        self.assertHandlerDerivedFrom(ctx.default_scheme(resolve=True), hash.md5_crypt)

        # test sample 2
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_2_dict)
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, ctx.default_scheme)

        # test defaults to first in scheme
        ctx = CryptContext(schemes=self.sample_1_schemes)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.default_scheme(), "des_crypt")

        # categories tested under test_23

    def test_32_handler(self):
        """test handler() method"""

        # default for empty
        ctx = CryptContext()
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, ctx.handler)
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, ctx.handler, "md5_crypt")

        # default for sample 1
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.handler(unconfigured=True), hash.md5_crypt)
        self.assertHandlerDerivedFrom(ctx.handler(), hash.md5_crypt)

        # by name
        self.assertEqual(ctx.handler("des_crypt", unconfigured=True), hash.des_crypt)
        self.assertHandlerDerivedFrom(ctx.handler("des_crypt"), hash.des_crypt)

        # name not in schemes
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, ctx.handler, "mysql323")

        # check handler() honors category default
        ctx = CryptContext("sha256_crypt,md5_crypt", admin__context__default="md5_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(ctx.handler(unconfigured=True), hash.sha256_crypt)
        self.assertHandlerDerivedFrom(ctx.handler(), hash.sha256_crypt)

        self.assertEqual(ctx.handler(category="staff", unconfigured=True), hash.sha256_crypt)
        self.assertHandlerDerivedFrom(ctx.handler(category="staff"), hash.sha256_crypt)

        self.assertEqual(ctx.handler(category="admin", unconfigured=True), hash.md5_crypt)
        self.assertHandlerDerivedFrom(ctx.handler(category="staff"), hash.sha256_crypt)

        # test unicode category strings are accepted under py2
        if PY2:
            self.assertEqual(ctx.handler(category=u("staff"), unconfigured=True), hash.sha256_crypt)
            self.assertEqual(ctx.handler(category=u("admin"), unconfigured=True), hash.md5_crypt)

    def test_33_options(self):
        """test internal _get_record_options() method"""

        def options(ctx, scheme, category=None):
            return ctx._config._get_record_options_with_flag(scheme, category)[0]

        # this checks that (3 schemes, 3 categories) inherit options correctly.
        # the 'user' category is not present in the options.
        cc4 = CryptContext(
            truncate_error=True,
            schemes = [ "sha512_crypt", "des_crypt", "bsdi_crypt"],
            deprecated = ["sha512_crypt", "des_crypt"],
            all__vary_rounds = 0.1,
            bsdi_crypt__vary_rounds=0.2,
            sha512_crypt__max_rounds = 20000,
            admin__context__deprecated = [ "des_crypt", "bsdi_crypt" ],
            admin__all__vary_rounds = 0.05,
            admin__bsdi_crypt__vary_rounds=0.3,
            admin__sha512_crypt__max_rounds = 40000,
        )
        self.assertEqual(cc4._config.categories, ("admin",))

        #
        # sha512_crypt
        # NOTE: 'truncate_error' shouldn't be passed along...
        #
        self.assertEqual(options(cc4, "sha512_crypt"), dict(
            deprecated=True,
            vary_rounds=0.1, # inherited from all__
            max_rounds=20000,
        ))

        self.assertEqual(options(cc4, "sha512_crypt", "user"), dict(
            deprecated=True, # unconfigured category inherits from default
            vary_rounds=0.1,
            max_rounds=20000,
        ))

        self.assertEqual(options(cc4, "sha512_crypt", "admin"), dict(
            # NOT deprecated - context option overridden per-category
            vary_rounds=0.05, # global overridden per-cateogry
            max_rounds=40000, # overridden per-category
        ))

        #
        # des_crypt
        # NOTE: vary_rounds shouldn't be passed along...
        #
        self.assertEqual(options(cc4, "des_crypt"), dict(
            deprecated=True,
            truncate_error=True,
        ))

        self.assertEqual(options(cc4, "des_crypt", "user"), dict(
            deprecated=True, # unconfigured category inherits from default
            truncate_error=True,
        ))

        self.assertEqual(options(cc4, "des_crypt", "admin"), dict(
            deprecated=True, # unchanged though overidden
            truncate_error=True,
        ))

        #
        # bsdi_crypt
        #
        self.assertEqual(options(cc4, "bsdi_crypt"), dict(
            vary_rounds=0.2, # overridden from all__vary_rounds
        ))

        self.assertEqual(options(cc4, "bsdi_crypt", "user"), dict(
            vary_rounds=0.2, # unconfigured category inherits from default
        ))

        self.assertEqual(options(cc4, "bsdi_crypt", "admin"), dict(
            vary_rounds=0.3,
            deprecated=True, # deprecation set per-category
        ))

    def test_34_to_dict(self):
        """test to_dict() method"""
        # NOTE: this is tested all throughout this test case.
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.to_dict(resolve=True), self.sample_1_resolved_dict)

    def test_35_to_string(self):
        """test to_string() method"""

        # create ctx and serialize
        ctx = CryptContext(**self.sample_1_dict)
        dump = ctx.to_string()

        # check ctx->string returns canonical format.
        # NOTE: ConfigParser for PY26 doesn't use OrderedDict,
        #       making to_string()'s ordering unpredictable...
        #       so we skip this test under PY26.
        if not PY26:
            self.assertEqual(dump, self.sample_1_unicode)

        # check ctx->string->ctx->dict returns original
        ctx2 = CryptContext.from_string(dump)
        self.assertEqual(ctx2.to_dict(), self.sample_1_dict)

        # test section kwd is honored
        other = ctx.to_string(section="password-security")
        self.assertEqual(other, dump.replace("[passlib]","[password-security]"))

        # test unmanaged handler warning
        from passlib.tests.test_utils_handlers import UnsaltedHash
        ctx3 = CryptContext([UnsaltedHash, "md5_crypt"])
        dump = ctx3.to_string()
        self.assertRegex(dump, r"# NOTE: the 'unsalted_test_hash' handler\(s\)"
                               r" are not registered with Passlib")

    #===================================================================
    # password hash api
    #===================================================================
    nonstring_vectors =  [
        (None, {}),
        (None, {"scheme": "des_crypt"}),
        (1, {}),
        ((), {}),
        ]

    def test_40_basic(self):
        """test basic hash/identify/verify functionality"""
        handlers = [hash.md5_crypt, hash.des_crypt, hash.bsdi_crypt]
        cc = CryptContext(handlers, bsdi_crypt__default_rounds=5)

        # run through handlers
        for crypt in handlers:
            h = cc.hash("test", scheme=crypt.name)
            self.assertEqual(cc.identify(h), crypt.name)
            self.assertEqual(cc.identify(h, resolve=True, unconfigured=True), crypt)
            self.assertHandlerDerivedFrom(cc.identify(h, resolve=True), crypt)
            self.assertTrue(cc.verify('test', h))
            self.assertFalse(cc.verify('notest', h))

        # test default
        h = cc.hash("test")
        self.assertEqual(cc.identify(h), "md5_crypt")

        # test genhash
        h = cc.genhash('secret', cc.genconfig())
        self.assertEqual(cc.identify(h), 'md5_crypt')

        h = cc.genhash('secret', cc.genconfig(), scheme='md5_crypt')
        self.assertEqual(cc.identify(h), 'md5_crypt')

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.genhash, 'secret', cc.genconfig(), scheme="des_crypt")

    def test_41_genconfig(self):
        """test genconfig() method"""
        cc = CryptContext(schemes=["md5_crypt", "phpass"],
                          phpass__ident="H",
                          phpass__default_rounds=7,
                          admin__phpass__ident="P",
                         )

        # uses default scheme
        self.assertTrue(cc.genconfig().startswith("$1$"))

        # override scheme
        self.assertTrue(cc.genconfig(scheme="phpass").startswith("$H$5"))

        # category override
        self.assertTrue(cc.genconfig(scheme="phpass", category="admin").startswith("$P$5"))
        self.assertTrue(cc.genconfig(scheme="phpass", category="staff").startswith("$H$5"))

        # override scheme & custom settings
        self.assertEqual(
            cc.genconfig(scheme="phpass", salt='.'*8, rounds=8, ident='P'),
            '$P$6........22zGEuacuPOqEpYPDeR0R/',  # NOTE: config string generated w/ rounds=1
            )

        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        # border cases
        #--------------------------------------------------------------

        # test unicode category strings are accepted under py2
        # this tests basic _get_record() used by hash/genhash/verify.
        # we have to omit scheme=xxx so codepath is tested fully
        if PY2:
            c2 = cc.copy(default="phpass")
            self.assertTrue(c2.genconfig(category=u("admin")).startswith("$P$5"))
            self.assertTrue(c2.genconfig(category=u("staff")).startswith("$H$5"))

        # throws error without schemes
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext().genconfig)
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext().genconfig, scheme='md5_crypt')

        # bad scheme values
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, cc.genconfig, scheme="fake") # XXX: should this be ValueError?
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.genconfig, scheme=1, category='staff')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.genconfig, scheme=1)

        # bad category values
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.genconfig, category=1)


    def test_42_genhash(self):
        """test genhash() method"""

        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        # border cases
        #--------------------------------------------------------------

        # rejects non-string secrets
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        hash = cc.hash('stub')
        for secret, kwds in self.nonstring_vectors:
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.genhash, secret, hash, **kwds)

        # rejects non-string config strings
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        for config, kwds in self.nonstring_vectors:
            if hash is None:
                # NOTE: as of 1.7, genhash is just wrapper for hash(),
                #       and handles genhash(secret, None) fine.
                continue
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.genhash, 'secret', config, **kwds)

        # rejects config=None, even if default scheme lacks config string
        cc = CryptContext(["mysql323"])
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.genhash, "stub", None)

        # throws error without schemes
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext().genhash, 'secret', 'hash')

        # bad scheme values
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, cc.genhash, 'secret', hash, scheme="fake") # XXX: should this be ValueError?
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.genhash, 'secret', hash, scheme=1)

        # bad category values
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.genconfig, 'secret', hash, category=1)

    def test_43_hash(self,):
        """test hash() method"""
        # XXX: what more can we test here that isn't deprecated
        #      or handled under another test (e.g. context kwds?)

        # respects rounds
        cc = CryptContext(**self.sample_4_dict)
        hash = cc.hash("password")
        self.assertTrue(hash.startswith("$5$rounds=3000$"))
        self.assertTrue(cc.verify("password", hash))
        self.assertFalse(cc.verify("passwordx", hash))

        # make default > max throws error if attempted
        # XXX: move this to copy() test?
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.copy,
                          sha256_crypt__default_rounds=4000)

        # rejects non-string secrets
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        for secret, kwds in self.nonstring_vectors:
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.hash, secret, **kwds)

        # throws error without schemes
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext().hash, 'secret')

        # bad category values
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.hash, 'secret', category=1)

    def test_43_hash_legacy(self, use_16_legacy=False):
        """test hash() method -- legacy 'scheme' and settings keywords"""
        cc = CryptContext(**self.sample_4_dict)

        # TODO: should migrate these tests elsewhere, or remove them.
        #       can be replaced with following equivalent:
        #
        #       def wrapper(secret, scheme=None, category=None, **kwds):
        #         handler = cc.handler(scheme, category)
        #         if kwds:
        #             handler = handler.using(**kwds)
        #         return handler.hash(secret)
        #
        #       need to make sure bits being tested here are tested
        #       under the tests for the equivalent methods called above,
        #       and then discard the rest of these under 2.0.

        # hash specific settings
        with self.assertWarningList(["passing settings to.*is deprecated"]):
            self.assertEqual(
                cc.hash("password", scheme="phpass", salt='.'*8),
                '$H$5........De04R5Egz0aq8Tf.1eVhY/',
                )
        with self.assertWarningList(["passing settings to.*is deprecated"]):
            self.assertEqual(
                cc.hash("password", scheme="phpass", salt='.'*8, ident="P"),
                '$P$5........De04R5Egz0aq8Tf.1eVhY/',
                )

        # NOTE: more thorough job of rounds limits done below.

        # min rounds
        with self.assertWarningList(["passing settings to.*is deprecated"]):
            self.assertEqual(
                cc.hash("password", rounds=1999, salt="nacl"),
                '$5$rounds=1999$nacl$nmfwJIxqj0csloAAvSER0B8LU0ERCAbhmMug4Twl609',
                )

        with self.assertWarningList(["passing settings to.*is deprecated"]):
            self.assertEqual(
                cc.hash("password", rounds=2001, salt="nacl"),
                '$5$rounds=2001$nacl$8PdeoPL4aXQnJ0woHhqgIw/efyfCKC2WHneOpnvF.31'
                )
        # NOTE: max rounds, etc tested in genconfig()

        # bad scheme values
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, cc.hash, 'secret', scheme="fake") # XXX: should this be ValueError?
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.hash, 'secret', scheme=1)

    def test_44_identify(self):
        """test identify() border cases"""
        handlers = ["md5_crypt", "des_crypt", "bsdi_crypt"]
        cc = CryptContext(handlers, bsdi_crypt__default_rounds=5)

        # check unknown hash
        self.assertEqual(cc.identify('$9$232323123$1287319827'), None)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.identify, '$9$232323123$1287319827', required=True)

        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        # border cases
        #--------------------------------------------------------------

        # rejects non-string hashes
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        for hash, kwds in self.nonstring_vectors:
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.identify, hash, **kwds)

        # throws error without schemes
        cc = CryptContext()
        self.assertIs(cc.identify('hash'), None)
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, cc.identify, 'hash', required=True)

        # bad category values
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.identify, None, category=1)

    def test_45_verify(self):
        """test verify() scheme kwd"""
        handlers = ["md5_crypt", "des_crypt", "bsdi_crypt"]
        cc = CryptContext(handlers, bsdi_crypt__default_rounds=5)

        h = hash.md5_crypt.hash("test")

        # check base verify
        self.assertTrue(cc.verify("test", h))
        self.assertTrue(not cc.verify("notest", h))

        # check verify using right alg
        self.assertTrue(cc.verify('test', h, scheme='md5_crypt'))
        self.assertTrue(not cc.verify('notest', h, scheme='md5_crypt'))

        # check verify using wrong alg
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.verify, 'test', h, scheme='bsdi_crypt')

        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        # border cases
        #--------------------------------------------------------------

        # unknown hash should throw error
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.verify, 'stub', '$6$232323123$1287319827')

        # rejects non-string secrets
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        h = refhash = cc.hash('stub')
        for secret, kwds in self.nonstring_vectors:
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.verify, secret, h, **kwds)

        # always treat hash=None as False
        self.assertFalse(cc.verify(secret, None))

        # rejects non-string hashes
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        for h, kwds in self.nonstring_vectors:
            if h is None:
                continue
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.verify, 'secret', h, **kwds)

        # throws error without schemes
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext().verify, 'secret', 'hash')

        # bad scheme values
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, cc.verify, 'secret', refhash, scheme="fake") # XXX: should this be ValueError?
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.verify, 'secret', refhash, scheme=1)

        # bad category values
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.verify, 'secret', refhash, category=1)

    def test_46_needs_update(self):
        """test needs_update() method"""
        cc = CryptContext(**self.sample_4_dict)

        # check deprecated scheme
        self.assertTrue(cc.needs_update('9XXD4trGYeGJA'))
        self.assertFalse(cc.needs_update('$1$J8HC2RCr$HcmM.7NxB2weSvlw2FgzU0'))

        # check min rounds
        self.assertTrue(cc.needs_update('$5$rounds=1999$jD81UCoo.zI.UETs$Y7qSTQ6mTiU9qZB4fRr43wRgQq4V.5AAf7F97Pzxey/'))
        self.assertFalse(cc.needs_update('$5$rounds=2000$228SSRje04cnNCaQ$YGV4RYu.5sNiBvorQDlO0WWQjyJVGKBcJXz3OtyQ2u8'))

        # check max rounds
        self.assertFalse(cc.needs_update('$5$rounds=3000$fS9iazEwTKi7QPW4$VasgBC8FqlOvD7x2HhABaMXCTh9jwHclPA9j5YQdns.'))
        self.assertTrue(cc.needs_update('$5$rounds=3001$QlFHHifXvpFX4PLs$/0ekt7lSs/lOikSerQ0M/1porEHxYq7W/2hdFpxA3fA'))

        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        # test hash.needs_update() interface
        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        check_state = []
        class dummy(uh.StaticHandler):
            name = 'dummy'
            _hash_prefix = '@'

            @classmethod
            def needs_update(cls, hash, secret=None):
                check_state.append((hash, secret))
                return secret == "nu"

            def _calc_checksum(self, secret):
                from hashlib import md5
                if isinstance(secret, unicode):
                    secret = secret.encode("utf-8")
                return str_to_uascii(md5(secret).hexdigest())

        # calling needs_update should query callback
        ctx = CryptContext([dummy])
        hash = refhash = dummy.hash("test")
        self.assertFalse(ctx.needs_update(hash))
        self.assertEqual(check_state, [(hash,None)])
        del check_state[:]

        # now with a password
        self.assertFalse(ctx.needs_update(hash, secret='bob'))
        self.assertEqual(check_state, [(hash,'bob')])
        del check_state[:]

        # now when it returns True
        self.assertTrue(ctx.needs_update(hash, secret='nu'))
        self.assertEqual(check_state, [(hash,'nu')])
        del check_state[:]

        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        # border cases
        #--------------------------------------------------------------

        # rejects non-string hashes
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        for hash, kwds in self.nonstring_vectors:
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.needs_update, hash, **kwds)

        # throws error without schemes
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext().needs_update, 'hash')

        # bad scheme values
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, cc.needs_update, refhash, scheme="fake") # XXX: should this be ValueError?
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.needs_update, refhash, scheme=1)

        # bad category values
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.needs_update, refhash, category=1)

    def test_47_verify_and_update(self):
        """test verify_and_update()"""
        cc = CryptContext(**self.sample_4_dict)

        # create some hashes
        h1 = cc.handler("des_crypt").hash("password")
        h2 = cc.handler("sha256_crypt").hash("password")

        # check bad password, deprecated hash
        ok, new_hash = cc.verify_and_update("wrongpass", h1)
        self.assertFalse(ok)
        self.assertIs(new_hash, None)

        # check bad password, good hash
        ok, new_hash = cc.verify_and_update("wrongpass", h2)
        self.assertFalse(ok)
        self.assertIs(new_hash, None)

        # check right password, deprecated hash
        ok, new_hash = cc.verify_and_update("password", h1)
        self.assertTrue(ok)
        self.assertTrue(cc.identify(new_hash), "sha256_crypt")

        # check right password, good hash
        ok, new_hash = cc.verify_and_update("password", h2)
        self.assertTrue(ok)
        self.assertIs(new_hash, None)

        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        # border cases
        #--------------------------------------------------------------

        # rejects non-string secrets
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        hash = refhash = cc.hash('stub')
        for secret, kwds in self.nonstring_vectors:
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.verify_and_update, secret, hash, **kwds)

        # always treat hash=None as False
        self.assertEqual(cc.verify_and_update(secret, None), (False, None))

        # rejects non-string hashes
        cc = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        for hash, kwds in self.nonstring_vectors:
            if hash is None:
                continue
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.verify_and_update, 'secret', hash, **kwds)

        # throws error without schemes
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, CryptContext().verify_and_update, 'secret', 'hash')

        # bad scheme values
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, cc.verify_and_update, 'secret', refhash, scheme="fake") # XXX: should this be ValueError?
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.verify_and_update, 'secret', refhash, scheme=1)

        # bad category values
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc.verify_and_update, 'secret', refhash, category=1)

    def test_48_context_kwds(self):
        """hash(), verify(), and verify_and_update() -- discard unused context keywords"""

        # setup test case
        # NOTE: postgres_md5 hash supports 'user' context kwd, which is used for this test.
        from passlib.hash import des_crypt, md5_crypt, postgres_md5
        des_hash = des_crypt.hash("stub")
        pg_root_hash = postgres_md5.hash("stub", user="root")
        pg_admin_hash = postgres_md5.hash("stub", user="admin")

        #------------------------------------------------------------
        # case 1: contextual kwds not supported by any hash in CryptContext
        #------------------------------------------------------------
        cc1 = CryptContext([des_crypt, md5_crypt])
        self.assertEqual(cc1.context_kwds, set())

        # des_scrypt should work w/o any contextual kwds
        self.assertTrue(des_crypt.identify(cc1.hash("stub")), "des_crypt")
        self.assertTrue(cc1.verify("stub", des_hash))
        self.assertEqual(cc1.verify_and_update("stub", des_hash), (True, None))

        # des_crypt should throw error due to unknown context keyword
        with self.assertWarningList(["passing settings to.*is deprecated"]):
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc1.hash, "stub", user="root")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc1.verify, "stub", des_hash, user="root")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc1.verify_and_update, "stub", des_hash, user="root")

        #------------------------------------------------------------
        # case 2: at least one contextual kwd supported by non-default hash
        #------------------------------------------------------------
        cc2 = CryptContext([des_crypt, postgres_md5])
        self.assertEqual(cc2.context_kwds, set(["user"]))

        # verify des_crypt works w/o "user" kwd
        self.assertTrue(des_crypt.identify(cc2.hash("stub")), "des_crypt")
        self.assertTrue(cc2.verify("stub", des_hash))
        self.assertEqual(cc2.verify_and_update("stub", des_hash), (True, None))

        # verify des_crypt ignores "user" kwd
        self.assertTrue(des_crypt.identify(cc2.hash("stub", user="root")), "des_crypt")
        self.assertTrue(cc2.verify("stub", des_hash, user="root"))
        self.assertEqual(cc2.verify_and_update("stub", des_hash, user="root"), (True, None))

        # verify error with unknown kwd
        with self.assertWarningList(["passing settings to.*is deprecated"]):
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc2.hash, "stub", badkwd="root")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc2.verify, "stub", des_hash, badkwd="root")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc2.verify_and_update, "stub", des_hash, badkwd="root")

        #------------------------------------------------------------
        # case 3: at least one contextual kwd supported by default hash
        #------------------------------------------------------------
        cc3 = CryptContext([postgres_md5, des_crypt], deprecated="auto")
        self.assertEqual(cc3.context_kwds, set(["user"]))

        # postgres_md5 should have error w/o context kwd
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc3.hash, "stub")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc3.verify, "stub", pg_root_hash)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cc3.verify_and_update, "stub", pg_root_hash)

        # postgres_md5 should work w/ context kwd
        self.assertEqual(cc3.hash("stub", user="root"), pg_root_hash)
        self.assertTrue(cc3.verify("stub", pg_root_hash, user="root"))
        self.assertEqual(cc3.verify_and_update("stub", pg_root_hash, user="root"), (True, None))

        # verify_and_update() should fail against wrong user
        self.assertEqual(cc3.verify_and_update("stub", pg_root_hash, user="admin"), (False, None))

        # verify_and_update() should pass all context kwds through when rehashing
        self.assertEqual(cc3.verify_and_update("stub", des_hash, user="root"),
                         (True, pg_root_hash))

    #===================================================================
    # rounds options
    #===================================================================

    # TODO: now that rounds generation has moved out of _CryptRecord to HasRounds,
    #       this should just test that we're passing right options to handler.using(),
    #       and that resulting handler has right settings.
    #       Can then just let HasRounds tests (which are a copy of this) deal with things.

    # NOTE: the follow tests check how _CryptRecord handles
    # the min/max/default/vary_rounds options, via the output of
    # genconfig(). it's assumed hash() takes the same codepath.

    def test_50_rounds_limits(self):
        """test rounds limits"""
        cc = CryptContext(schemes=["sha256_crypt"],
                          sha256_crypt__min_rounds=2000,
                          sha256_crypt__max_rounds=3000,
                          sha256_crypt__default_rounds=2500,
                          )

        # stub digest returned by sha256_crypt's genconfig calls..
        STUB = '...........................................'

        #--------------------------------------------------
        # settings should have been applied to custom handler,
        # it should take care of the rest
        #--------------------------------------------------
        custom_handler = cc._get_record("sha256_crypt", None)
        self.assertEqual(custom_handler.min_desired_rounds, 2000)
        self.assertEqual(custom_handler.max_desired_rounds, 3000)
        self.assertEqual(custom_handler.default_rounds, 2500)

        #--------------------------------------------------
        # min_rounds
        #--------------------------------------------------

        # set below handler minimum
        with self.assertWarningList([PasslibHashWarning]*2):
            c2 = cc.copy(sha256_crypt__min_rounds=500, sha256_crypt__max_rounds=None,
                            sha256_crypt__default_rounds=500)
        self.assertEqual(c2.genconfig(salt="nacl"), "$5$rounds=1000$nacl$" + STUB)

        # below policy minimum
        # NOTE: formerly issued a warning in passlib 1.6, now just a wrapper for .replace()
        with self.assertWarningList([]):
            self.assertEqual(
                cc.genconfig(rounds=1999, salt="nacl"), '$5$rounds=1999$nacl$' + STUB)

        # equal to policy minimum
        self.assertEqual(
            cc.genconfig(rounds=2000, salt="nacl"), '$5$rounds=2000$nacl$' + STUB)

        # above policy minimum
        self.assertEqual(
            cc.genconfig(rounds=2001, salt="nacl"), '$5$rounds=2001$nacl$' + STUB)

        #--------------------------------------------------
        # max rounds
        #--------------------------------------------------

        # set above handler max
        with self.assertWarningList([PasslibHashWarning]*2):
            c2 = cc.copy(sha256_crypt__max_rounds=int(1e9)+500, sha256_crypt__min_rounds=None,
                            sha256_crypt__default_rounds=int(1e9)+500)

        self.assertEqual(c2.genconfig(salt="nacl"), "$5$rounds=999999999$nacl$" + STUB)

        # above policy max
        # NOTE: formerly issued a warning in passlib 1.6, now just a wrapper for .using()
        with self.assertWarningList([]):
            self.assertEqual(
                cc.genconfig(rounds=3001, salt="nacl"), '$5$rounds=3001$nacl$' + STUB)

        # equal policy max
        self.assertEqual(
            cc.genconfig(rounds=3000, salt="nacl"), '$5$rounds=3000$nacl$' + STUB)

        # below policy max
        self.assertEqual(
            cc.genconfig(rounds=2999, salt="nacl"), '$5$rounds=2999$nacl$' + STUB)

        #--------------------------------------------------
        # default_rounds
        #--------------------------------------------------

        # explicit default rounds
        self.assertEqual(cc.genconfig(salt="nacl"), '$5$rounds=2500$nacl$' + STUB)

        # fallback default rounds - use handler's
        df = hash.sha256_crypt.default_rounds
        c2 = cc.copy(sha256_crypt__default_rounds=None, sha256_crypt__max_rounds=df<<1)
        self.assertEqual(c2.genconfig(salt="nacl"), '$5$rounds=%d$nacl$%s' % (df, STUB))

        # fallback default rounds - use handler's, but clipped to max rounds
        c2 = cc.copy(sha256_crypt__default_rounds=None, sha256_crypt__max_rounds=3000)
        self.assertEqual(c2.genconfig(salt="nacl"), '$5$rounds=3000$nacl$' + STUB)

        # TODO: test default falls back to mx / mn if handler has no default.

        # default rounds - out of bounds
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.copy, sha256_crypt__default_rounds=1999)
        cc.copy(sha256_crypt__default_rounds=2000)
        cc.copy(sha256_crypt__default_rounds=3000)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.copy, sha256_crypt__default_rounds=3001)

        #--------------------------------------------------
        # border cases
        #--------------------------------------------------

        # invalid min/max bounds
        c2 = CryptContext(schemes=["sha256_crypt"])
        # NOTE: as of v1.7, these are clipped w/ a warning instead...
        # self.assertRaises(ValueError, c2.copy, sha256_crypt__min_rounds=-1)
        # self.assertRaises(ValueError, c2.copy, sha256_crypt__max_rounds=-1)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, c2.copy, sha256_crypt__min_rounds=2000,
                          sha256_crypt__max_rounds=1999)

        # test bad values
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext, sha256_crypt__min_rounds='x')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext, sha256_crypt__max_rounds='x')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext, all__vary_rounds='x')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext, sha256_crypt__default_rounds='x')

        # test bad types rejected
        bad = datetime.datetime.now()  # picked cause can't be compared to int
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, "sha256_crypt", sha256_crypt__min_rounds=bad)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, "sha256_crypt", sha256_crypt__max_rounds=bad)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, "sha256_crypt", all__vary_rounds=bad)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, CryptContext, "sha256_crypt", sha256_crypt__default_rounds=bad)

    def test_51_linear_vary_rounds(self):
        """test linear vary rounds"""
        cc = CryptContext(schemes=["sha256_crypt"],
                          sha256_crypt__min_rounds=1995,
                          sha256_crypt__max_rounds=2005,
                          sha256_crypt__default_rounds=2000,
                          )

        # test negative
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.copy, all__vary_rounds=-1)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.copy, all__vary_rounds="-1%")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.copy, all__vary_rounds="101%")

        # test static
        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds=0)
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("sha256_crypt", None).vary_rounds, 0)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "sha256_crypt", 2000, 2000)

        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds="0%")
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("sha256_crypt", None).vary_rounds, 0)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "sha256_crypt", 2000, 2000)

        # test absolute
        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds=1)
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("sha256_crypt", None).vary_rounds, 1)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "sha256_crypt", 1999, 2001)
        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds=100)
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("sha256_crypt", None).vary_rounds, 100)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "sha256_crypt", 1995, 2005)

        # test relative
        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds="0.1%")
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("sha256_crypt", None).vary_rounds, 0.001)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "sha256_crypt", 1998, 2002)
        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds="100%")
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("sha256_crypt", None).vary_rounds, 1.0)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "sha256_crypt", 1995, 2005)

    def test_52_log2_vary_rounds(self):
        """test log2 vary rounds"""
        cc = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"],
                          bcrypt__min_rounds=15,
                          bcrypt__max_rounds=25,
                          bcrypt__default_rounds=20,
                          )

        # test negative
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.copy, all__vary_rounds=-1)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.copy, all__vary_rounds="-1%")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cc.copy, all__vary_rounds="101%")

        # test static
        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds=0)
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("bcrypt", None).vary_rounds, 0)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "bcrypt", 20, 20)

        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds="0%")
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("bcrypt", None).vary_rounds, 0)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "bcrypt", 20, 20)

        # test absolute
        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds=1)
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("bcrypt", None).vary_rounds, 1)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "bcrypt", 19, 21)
        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds=100)
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("bcrypt", None).vary_rounds, 100)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "bcrypt", 15, 25)

        # test relative - should shift over at 50% mark
        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds="1%")
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("bcrypt", None).vary_rounds, 0.01)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "bcrypt", 20, 20)

        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds="49%")
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("bcrypt", None).vary_rounds, 0.49)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "bcrypt", 20, 20)

        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds="50%")
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("bcrypt", None).vary_rounds, 0.5)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "bcrypt", 19, 20)

        c2 = cc.copy(all__vary_rounds="100%")
        self.assertEqual(c2._get_record("bcrypt", None).vary_rounds, 1.0)
        self.assert_rounds_range(c2, "bcrypt", 15, 21)

    def assert_rounds_range(self, context, scheme, lower, upper):
        """helper to check vary_rounds covers specified range"""
        # NOTE: this runs enough times the min and max *should* be hit,
        # though there's a faint chance it will randomly fail.
        handler = context.handler(scheme)
        salt = handler.default_salt_chars[0:1] * handler.max_salt_size
        seen = set()
        for i in irange(300):
            h = context.genconfig(scheme, salt=salt)
            r = handler.from_string(h).rounds
            seen.add(r)
        self.assertEqual(min(seen), lower, "vary_rounds had wrong lower limit:")
        self.assertEqual(max(seen), upper, "vary_rounds had wrong upper limit:")

    #===================================================================
    # harden_verify / min_verify_time
    #===================================================================
    def test_harden_verify_parsing(self):
        """harden_verify -- parsing"""
        warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", ".*harden_verify.*",
                                category=DeprecationWarning)

        # valid values
        ctx = CryptContext(schemes=["sha256_crypt"])
        self.assertEqual(ctx.harden_verify, None)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.using(harden_verify="").harden_verify, None)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.using(harden_verify="true").harden_verify, None)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.using(harden_verify="false").harden_verify, None)

    def test_dummy_verify(self):
        """
        dummy_verify() method
        """
        # check dummy_verify() takes expected time
        expected = 0.05
        accuracy = 0.2
        handler = DelayHash.using()
        handler.delay = expected
        ctx = CryptContext(schemes=[handler])
        ctx.dummy_verify()  # prime the memoized helpers
        elapsed, _ = time_call(ctx.dummy_verify)
        self.assertAlmostEqual(elapsed, expected, delta=expected * accuracy)

        # TODO: test dummy_verify() invoked by .verify() when hash is None,
        #       and same for .verify_and_update()

    #===================================================================
    # feature tests
    #===================================================================
    def test_61_autodeprecate(self):
        """test deprecated='auto' is handled correctly"""

        def getstate(ctx, category=None):
            return [ctx.handler(scheme, category).deprecated for scheme in ctx.schemes()]

        # correctly reports default
        ctx = CryptContext("sha256_crypt,md5_crypt,des_crypt", deprecated="auto")
        self.assertEqual(getstate(ctx,    None), [False, True, True])
        self.assertEqual(getstate(ctx, "admin"), [False, True, True])

        # correctly reports changed default
        ctx.update(default="md5_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(getstate(ctx,    None), [True, False, True])
        self.assertEqual(getstate(ctx, "admin"), [True, False, True])

        # category default is handled correctly
        ctx.update(admin__context__default="des_crypt")
        self.assertEqual(getstate(ctx,    None), [True, False, True])
        self.assertEqual(getstate(ctx, "admin"), [True, True, False])

        # handles 1 scheme
        ctx = CryptContext(["sha256_crypt"], deprecated="auto")
        self.assertEqual(getstate(ctx,    None), [False])
        self.assertEqual(getstate(ctx, "admin"), [False])

        # disallow auto & other deprecated schemes at same time.
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext, "sha256_crypt,md5_crypt",
                          deprecated="auto,md5_crypt")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, CryptContext, "sha256_crypt,md5_crypt",
                          deprecated="md5_crypt,auto")

    def test_disabled_hashes(self):
        """disabled hash support"""
        #
        # init ref info
        #
        from passlib.hash import md5_crypt, unix_disabled

        ctx = CryptContext(["des_crypt"])
        ctx2 = CryptContext(["des_crypt", "unix_disabled"])
        h_ref = ctx.hash("foo")
        h_other = md5_crypt.hash('foo')

        #
        # ctx.disable()
        #

        # test w/o disabled hash support
        self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "no disabled hasher present",
                               ctx.disable)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "no disabled hasher present",
                               ctx.disable, h_ref)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "no disabled hasher present",
                               ctx.disable, h_other)

        # test w/ disabled hash support
        h_dis = ctx2.disable()
        self.assertEqual(h_dis, unix_disabled.default_marker)
        h_dis_ref = ctx2.disable(h_ref)
        self.assertEqual(h_dis_ref, unix_disabled.default_marker + h_ref)

        h_dis_other = ctx2.disable(h_other)
        self.assertEqual(h_dis_other, unix_disabled.default_marker + h_other)

        # don't double-wrap existing disabled hash
        self.assertEqual(ctx2.disable(h_dis_ref), h_dis_ref)

        #
        # ctx.is_enabled()
        #

        # test w/o disabled hash support
        self.assertTrue(ctx.is_enabled(h_ref))
        HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED = "hash could not be identified"
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx.is_enabled, h_other)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx.is_enabled, h_dis)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx.is_enabled, h_dis_ref)

        # test w/ disabled hash support
        self.assertTrue(ctx2.is_enabled(h_ref))
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx.is_enabled, h_other)
        self.assertFalse(ctx2.is_enabled(h_dis))
        self.assertFalse(ctx2.is_enabled(h_dis_ref))

        #
        # ctx.enable()
        #

        # test w/o disabled hash support
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx.enable, "")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.enable, None)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.enable(h_ref), h_ref)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx.enable, h_other)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx.enable, h_dis)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx.enable, h_dis_ref)

        # test w/ disabled hash support
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx.enable, "")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx2.enable, None)
        self.assertEqual(ctx2.enable(h_ref), h_ref)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, HASH_NOT_IDENTIFIED,
                               ctx2.enable, h_other)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "cannot restore original hash",
                               ctx2.enable, h_dis)
        self.assertEqual(ctx2.enable(h_dis_ref), h_ref)

    #===================================================================
    # eoc
    #===================================================================

import hashlib, time

class DelayHash(uh.StaticHandler):
    """dummy hasher which delays by specified amount"""
    name = "delay_hash"
    checksum_chars = uh.LOWER_HEX_CHARS
    checksum_size = 40
    delay = 0
    _hash_prefix = u("$x$")

    def _calc_checksum(self, secret):
        time.sleep(self.delay)
        if isinstance(secret, unicode):
            secret = secret.encode("utf-8")
        return str_to_uascii(hashlib.sha1(b"prefix" + secret).hexdigest())

#=============================================================================
# LazyCryptContext
#=============================================================================
class dummy_2(uh.StaticHandler):
    name = "dummy_2"

class LazyCryptContextTest(TestCase):
    descriptionPrefix = "LazyCryptContext"

    def setUp(self):
        # make sure this isn't registered before OR after
        unload_handler_name("dummy_2")
        self.addCleanup(unload_handler_name, "dummy_2")

    def test_kwd_constructor(self):
        """test plain kwds"""
        self.assertFalse(has_crypt_handler("dummy_2"))
        register_crypt_handler_path("dummy_2", "passlib.tests.test_context")

        cc = LazyCryptContext(iter(["dummy_2", "des_crypt"]), deprecated=["des_crypt"])

        self.assertFalse(has_crypt_handler("dummy_2", True))

        self.assertEqual(cc.schemes(), ("dummy_2", "des_crypt"))
        self.assertTrue(cc.handler("des_crypt").deprecated)

        self.assertTrue(has_crypt_handler("dummy_2", True))

    def test_callable_constructor(self):
        self.assertFalse(has_crypt_handler("dummy_2"))
        register_crypt_handler_path("dummy_2", "passlib.tests.test_context")

        def onload(flag=False):
            self.assertTrue(flag)
            return dict(schemes=iter(["dummy_2", "des_crypt"]), deprecated=["des_crypt"])

        cc = LazyCryptContext(onload=onload, flag=True)

        self.assertFalse(has_crypt_handler("dummy_2", True))

        self.assertEqual(cc.schemes(), ("dummy_2", "des_crypt"))
        self.assertTrue(cc.handler("des_crypt").deprecated)

        self.assertTrue(has_crypt_handler("dummy_2", True))

#=============================================================================
# eof
#=============================================================================