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"""
Support for Notebook Introspection and Setup
AUTHORS:
- William Stein (much of this code is from IPython).
- Nick Alexander
"""
import inspect
import os
import base64
import string
import sys
import pydoc
from six import iteritems
import __builtin__
try:
from cPickle import PicklingError
except ImportError:
from pickle import PicklingError
from .misc import loads, dumps, cython, session_init
from . import sageinspect
try:
from sage.misc.sagedoc import format_src
except ImportError:
# Fallback
def format_src(s, *args, **kwds):
return s
try:
from sagenb.misc.sphinxify import sphinxify, is_sphinx_markup
except ImportError as msg:
print(msg)
print("Sphinx docstrings not available.")
# Don't do any Sphinxifying if sphinx's dependencies aren't around
def sphinxify(s):
return s
def is_sphinx_markup(s):
return False
try:
from sage.misc.displayhook import DisplayHook
sys.displayhook = DisplayHook()
except ImportError as msg:
print(msg)
print('Graphics will not be shown automatically')
######################################################################
# Initialization
######################################################################
EMBEDDED_MODE = False
sage_globals = None
globals_at_init = None
global_names_at_init = None
def init(object_directory=None, globs={}):
r"""
Initialize Sage for use with the web notebook interface.
"""
global sage_globals, globals_at_init, global_names_at_init
global EMBEDDED_MODE
os.environ['PAGER'] = 'cat'
sage_globals = globs
#globals_at_init = set(globs.keys())
globals_at_init = globs.values()
global_names_at_init = set(globs.keys())
EMBEDDED_MODE = True
setup_systems(globs)
session_init(globs)
# Ugly cruft. Initialize the embedded mode of the old Sage
# notebook, which is going to be included in old copies of Sage
# forever.
try:
import sage.server.support
sage.server.support.EMBEDDED_MODE = True
except ImportError:
pass
# Also initialize EMBEDDED_MODE in Sage's misc.sageinspect module,
# which is used to format docstrings in the notebook.
try:
import sage.misc.sageinspect
sage.misc.sageinspect.EMBEDDED_MODE = True
except ImportError:
pass
def setup_systems(globs):
from .misc import InlineFortran
fortran = InlineFortran(globs)
globs['fortran'] = fortran
######################################################################
# Introspection
######################################################################
def help(obj):
"""
Display HTML help for ``obj``, a Python object, module, etc. This
help is often more extensive than that given by 'obj?'. This
function does not return a value --- it prints HTML as a side
effect.
.. note::
This a wrapper around the built-in help. If formats the output
as HTML without word wrap, which looks better in the notebook.
INPUT:
- ``obj`` - a Python object, module, etc.
TESTS::
sage: import numpy.linalg
sage: current_dir = os.getcwd()
sage: os.chdir(tmp_dir('server_doctest'))
sage: sagenb.misc.support.help(numpy.linalg.norm)
<html><table notracebacks bgcolor="#386074" cellpadding=10 cellspacing=10><tr><td bgcolor="#f5f5f5"><font color="#37546d">
<a target='_new' href='cell://docs-....html'>Click to open help window</a>
<br></font></tr></td></table></html>
sage: os.chdir(current_dir)
"""
from pydoc import resolve, html, describe
import sagenb.notebook.interact as interact
print('<html><table notracebacks bgcolor="#386074" cellpadding=10 cellspacing=10><tr><td bgcolor="#f5f5f5"><font color="#37546d">')
object, name = resolve(obj)
page = html.page(describe(object), html.document(object, name))
page = page.replace('<a href','<a ')
n = 0
while True:
filename = 'docs-%s.html'%n
if not os.path.exists(filename): break
n += 1
open(filename, 'w').write(page)
print(" <a target='_new' href='cell://%s'>Click to open help window</a> " % filename)
print('<br></font></tr></td></table></html>')
def get_rightmost_identifier(s):
X = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '._'
i = len(s)-1
while i >= 0 and s[i] in X:
i -= 1
return s[i+1:]
def completions(s, globs, format=False, width=90, system="None"):
"""
Return a list of completions in the given context.
INPUT:
- ``globs`` - a string:object dictionary; context in which to
search for completions, e.g., :func:`globals()`
- ``format`` - a bool (default: False); whether to tabulate the
list
- ``width`` - an int; character width of the table
- ``system`` - a string (default: 'None'); system prefix for the
completions
OUTPUT:
- a list of strings, if ``format`` is False, or a string
"""
if system not in ['sage', 'python']:
prepend = system + '.'
s = prepend + s
else:
prepend = ''
n = len(s)
if n == 0:
return '(empty string)'
try:
if not '.' in s and not '(' in s:
v = [x for x in globs.keys() if x[:n] == s] + \
[x for x in __builtins__.keys() if x[:n] == s]
else:
if not ')' in s:
i = s.rfind('.')
method = s[i+1:]
obj = s[:i]
n = len(method)
else:
obj = preparse(s)
method = ''
try:
O = eval(obj, globs)
D = dir(O)
try:
D += O.trait_names()
except (AttributeError, TypeError):
pass
if method == '':
v = [obj + '.'+x for x in D if x and x[0] != '_']
else:
v = [obj + '.'+x for x in D if x[:n] == method]
except Exception:
v = []
v = list(set(v)) # make unique
v.sort()
except Exception:
v = []
if prepend:
i = len(prepend)
v = [x[i:] for x in v]
if format:
if len(v) == 0:
return "No completions of '%s' currently defined"%s
else:
return tabulate(v, width)
return v
def docstring(obj_name, globs, system='sage'):
r"""
Format an object's docstring to process and display in the Sage
notebook.
INPUT:
- ``obj_name`` - a string; a name of an object
- ``globs`` - a string:object dictionary; a context in which to
evaluate ``obj_name``
- ``system`` - a string (default: 'sage'); the system to which to
confine the search
OUTPUT:
- a string containing the object's file, type, definition, and
docstring or a message stating the object is not defined
AUTHORS:
- William Stein: partly taken from IPython for use in Sage
- Nick Alexander: extensions
TESTS:
Check that Trac 10860 is fixed and we can handle Unicode help
strings in the notebook::
sage: from sagenb.misc.support import docstring
sage: D = docstring("r.lm", globs=globals())
"""
if system not in ['sage', 'python']:
obj_name = system + '.' + obj_name
try:
obj = eval(obj_name, globs)
except (AttributeError, NameError, SyntaxError):
return "No object '%s' currently defined."%obj_name
s = ''
newline = "\n\n" # blank line to start new paragraph
try:
filename = sageinspect.sage_getfile(obj)
#i = filename.find('site-packages/sage/')
#if i == -1:
s += '**File:** %s'%filename
s += newline
#else:
# file = filename[i+len('site-packages/sage/'):]
# s += 'File: <html><a href="src_browser?%s">%s</a></html>\n'%(file,file)
except TypeError:
pass
s += '**Type:** %s'%type(obj)
s += newline
s += '**Definition:** %s'%sageinspect.sage_getdef(obj, obj_name)
s += newline
s += '**Docstring:**'
s += newline
s += sageinspect.sage_getdoc(obj, obj_name)
s = s.rstrip()
return html_markup(s.decode('utf-8'))
def html_markup(s):
try:
from sagenb.misc.sphinxify import sphinxify, is_sphinx_markup
except ImportError:
# sphinx not available
def is_sphinx_markup(s): return False
if is_sphinx_markup(s):
try:
return sphinxify(s)
except:
pass
# Not in ReST format, so use docutils
# to process the preamble ("**File:**" etc.) and put
# everything else in a <pre> block.
i = s.find("**Docstring:**")
if i != -1:
preamble = s[:i+14]
from docutils.core import publish_parts
preamble = publish_parts(s[:i+14], writer_name='html')['body']
s = s[i+14:]
else:
preamble = ""
return '<div class="docstring">' + preamble + '<pre>' + s + '</pre></div>'
def source_code(s, globs, system='sage'):
r"""
Format an object's source code to process and display in the
Sage notebook.
INPUT:
- ``s`` - a string; a name of an object
- ``globs`` - a string:object dictionary; a context in which to
evaluate ``s``
- ``system`` - a string (default: 'sage'); the system to which to
confine the search
OUTPUT:
- a string containing the object's file, starting line number, and
source code
AUTHORS:
- William Stein: partly taken from IPython for use in Sage
- Nick Alexander: extensions
"""
if system not in ['sage', 'python']:
s = system + '.' + s
try:
obj = eval(s, globs)
except NameError:
return html_markup("No object %s"%s)
try:
try:
return html_markup(obj._sage_src_())
except:
pass
newline = "\n\n" # blank line to start new paragraph
indent = " " # indent source code to mark it as a code block
filename = sageinspect.sage_getfile(obj)
try:
lines, lineno = sageinspect.sage_getsourcelines(obj)
except IOError as msg:
return html_markup(str(msg))
src = indent.join(lines)
src = indent + format_src(src)
if not lineno is None:
output = "**File:** %s"%filename
output += newline
output += "**Source Code** (starting at line %s)::"%lineno
output += newline
output += src
return html_markup(output)
except (TypeError, IndexError):
return html_markup("Source code for {} is not available.".format(s) +
"\nUse {}? to see the documentation.".format(s))
def tabulate(v, width=90, ncols=3):
e = len(v)
if e == 0:
return ''
while True:
col_widths = []
nrows = e//ncols + 1
for c in range(ncols):
m = max([0] + [len(v[r+c*nrows]) for r in range(nrows) if r+c*nrows < e])
col_widths.append(m+3)
if ncols > 1 and max(col_widths + [0]) > width//ncols:
ncols -= 1
else:
break
n = max(len(x) for x in v)
s = ''
for r in range(nrows):
for c in range(ncols):
i = r + c*nrows
if i < e:
w = v[i]
s += w + ' '*(col_widths[c] - len(w))
s += '\n'
return s
def syseval(system, cmd, dir=None):
"""
Evaluate an input with a "system" object that can evaluate inputs
(e.g., python, gap).
INPUT:
- ``system`` - an object with an eval method that takes an input
- ``cmd`` - a string input
- ``sage_globals`` - a string:object dictionary
- dir - a string (default: None); an optional directory to change
to before calling :func:`system.eval`
OUTPUT:
- :func:`system.eval`'s output
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.misc.python import python
sage: sagenb.misc.support.syseval(python, '2+4//3')
3
''
sage: sagenb.misc.support.syseval(python, 'import os; os.chdir(".")')
''
sage: sagenb.misc.support.syseval(python, 'import os; os.chdir(1,2,3)')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: chdir() takes exactly 1 argument (3 given)
sage: sagenb.misc.support.syseval(gap, "2+3")
'5'
"""
if dir:
if hasattr(system.__class__, 'chdir'):
system.chdir(dir)
if isinstance(cmd, unicode):
cmd = cmd.encode('utf-8', 'ignore')
return system.eval(cmd, sage_globals, locals = sage_globals)
######################################################################
# Cython
######################################################################
def cython_import(filename, verbose=False, compile_message=False,
use_cache=False, create_local_c_file=True):
"""
Compile a file containing Cython code, then import and return the
module. Raises an ``ImportError`` if anything goes wrong.
INPUT:
- ``filename`` - a string; name of a file that contains Cython
code
OUTPUT:
- the module that contains the compiled Cython code.
"""
name, build_dir = cython(filename, verbose=verbose,
compile_message=compile_message,
use_cache=use_cache,
create_local_c_file=create_local_c_file)
sys.path.append(build_dir)
return __builtin__.__import__(name)
def cython_import_all(filename, globals, verbose=False, compile_message=False,
use_cache=False, create_local_c_file=True):
"""
Imports all non-private (i.e., not beginning with an underscore)
attributes of the specified Cython module into the given context.
This is similar to::
from module import *
Raises an ``ImportError`` exception if anything goes wrong.
INPUT:
- ``filename`` - a string; name of a file that contains Cython
code
"""
m = cython_import(filename, verbose=verbose, compile_message=compile_message,
use_cache=use_cache,
create_local_c_file=create_local_c_file)
for k, x in iteritems(m.__dict__):
if k[0] != '_':
globals[k] = x
###################################################
# Preparser
###################################################
try:
from sage.repl.preparse import preparse, preparse_file
def do_preparse():
"""
Return True if the preparser is set to on, and False otherwise.
"""
import sage.repl.interpreter
return sage.repl.interpreter._do_preparse
except ImportError:
def preparse(line, *args, **kwds):
return line
def preparse_file(contents, *args, **kwds):
return contents
def do_preparse():
"""
Return True if the preparser is set to on, and False otherwise.
"""
return False
########################################################################
#
# Automatic Creation of Variable Names
#
# See the docstring for automatic_names below for an explanation of how
# this works.
#
########################################################################
_automatic_names = False
# We wrap everything in a try/catch, in case this is being imported
# without the sage library present, e.g., in FEMhub.
try:
from sage.symbolic.all import Expression, SR
class AutomaticVariable(Expression):
"""
An automatically created symbolic variable with an additional
:meth:`__call__` method designed so that doing self(foo,...)
results in foo.self(...).
"""
def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
"""
Call method such that self(foo, ...) is transformed into
foo.self(...). Note that self(foo=...,...) is not
transformed, it is treated as a normal symbolic
substitution.
"""
if len(args) == 0:
return Expression.__call__(self, **kwds)
return args[0].__getattribute__(str(self))(*args[1:], **kwds)
def automatic_name_eval(s, globals, max_names=10000):
"""
Exec the string ``s`` in the scope of the ``globals``
dictionary, and if any :exc:`NameError`\ s are raised, try to
fix them by defining the variable that caused the error to be
raised, then eval again. Try up to ``max_names`` times.
INPUT:
- ``s`` -- a string
- ``globals`` -- a dictionary
- ``max_names`` -- a positive integer (default: 10000)
"""
# This entire automatic naming system really boils down to
# this bit of code below. We simply try to exec the string s
# in the globals namespace, defining undefined variables and
# functions until everything is defined.
for _ in range(max_names):
try:
exec(s , globals)
return
except NameError as msg:
# Determine if we hit a NameError that is probably
# caused by a variable or function not being defined:
if len(msg.args) == 0: raise # not NameError with
# specific variable name
v = msg.args[0].split("'")
if len(v) < 2: raise # also not NameError with
# specific variable name We did
# find an undefined variable: we
# simply define it and try
# again.
nm = v[1]
globals[nm] = AutomaticVariable(SR, SR.var(nm))
raise NameError("Too many automatic variable names and functions created (limit=%s)" % max_names)
def automatic_name_filter(s):
"""
Wrap the string ``s`` in a call that will cause evaluation of
``s`` to automatically create undefined variable names.
INPUT:
- ``s`` -- a string
OUTPUT:
- a string
"""
return '_support_.automatic_name_eval(_support_.base64.b64decode("%s"),globals())'%base64.b64encode(s)
def automatic_names(state=None):
"""
Turn automatic creation of variables and functional calling of
methods on or off. Returns the current ``state`` if no
argument is given.
This ONLY works in the Sage notebook. It is not supported on
the command line.
INPUT:
- ``state`` -- a boolean (default: None); whether to turn
automatic variable creation and functional calling on or off
OUTPUT:
- a boolean, if ``state`` is None; otherwise, None
EXAMPLES::
sage: automatic_names(True) # not tested
sage: x + y + z # not tested
x + y + z
Here, ``trig_expand``, ``y``, and ``theta`` are all
automatically created::
sage: trig_expand((2*x + 4*y + sin(2*theta))^2) # not tested
4*(sin(theta)*cos(theta) + x + 2*y)^2
IMPLEMENTATION: Here's how this works, internally. We define
an :class:`AutomaticVariable` class derived from
:class:`~sage.symbolic.all.Expression`. An instance of
:class:`AutomaticVariable` is a specific symbolic variable,
but with a special :meth:`~AutomaticVariable.__call__` method.
We overload the call method so that ``foo(bar, ...)`` gets
transformed to ``bar.foo(...)``. At the same time, we still
want expressions like ``f^2 - b`` to work, i.e., we don't want
to have to figure out whether a name appearing in a
:exc:`NameError` is meant to be a symbolic variable or a
function name. Instead, we just make an object that is both!
This entire approach is very simple---we do absolutely no
parsing of the actual input. The actual real work amounts to
only a few lines of code. The primary catch to this approach
is that if you evaluate a big block of code in the notebook,
and the first few lines take a long time, and the next few
lines define 10 new variables, the slow first few lines will
be evaluated 10 times. Of course, the advantage of this
approach is that even very subtle code that might inject
surprisingly named variables into the namespace will just work
correctly, which would be impossible to guarantee with static
parsing, no matter how sophisticated it is. Finally, given
the target audience: people wanting to simplify use of Sage
for Calculus for undergrads, I think this is an acceptable
tradeoff, especially given that this implementation is so
simple.
"""
global _automatic_names
if state is None:
return _automatic_names
_automatic_names = bool(state)
except ImportError:
pass
from sagenb.misc.format import displayhook_hack
def preparse_worksheet_cell(s, globals):
"""
Preparse the contents of a worksheet cell in the notebook,
respecting the user using ``preparser(False)`` to turn off the
preparser. This function calls
:func:`~sage.repl.preparse.preparse_file` which also reloads
attached files. It also does displayhook formatting by calling
the :func:`~sagenb.notebook.interfaces.format.displayhook_hack`
function.
INPUT:
- ``s`` - a string containing code
- ``globals`` - a string:object dictionary; passed directly to
:func:`~sage.repl.preparse.preparse_file`
OUTPUT:
- a string
"""
if do_preparse():
s = preparse_file(s, globals=globals)
s = displayhook_hack(s)
if _automatic_names:
s = automatic_name_filter(s)
return s
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