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<a name="Printing-and-Saving-Plots"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="Interacting-with-Plots.html#Interacting-with-Plots" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interacting with Plots</a>, Previous: <a href="Use-of-the-interpreter-Property.html#Use-of-the-interpreter-Property" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Use of the <code>interpreter</code> Property</a>, Up: <a href="High_002dLevel-Plotting.html#High_002dLevel-Plotting" accesskey="u" rel="up">High-Level Plotting</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="Printing-and-Saving-Plots-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">15.2.9 Printing and Saving Plots</h4>
<a name="index-plotting_002c-saving-and-printing-plots"></a>
<a name="index-printing-plots"></a>
<a name="index-saving-plots"></a>

<p>The <code>print</code> command allows you to send plots to you printer and
to save plots in a variety of formats.  For example,
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">print -dpsc
</pre></div>

<p>prints the current figure to a color PostScript printer.  And,
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">print -deps foo.eps
</pre></div>

<p>saves the current figure to an encapsulated PostScript file called
<samp>foo.eps</samp>.
</p>
<p>The current graphic toolkits produce very similar graphic displays but differ
in their capability to display text and in print capabilities.  In particular,
the OpenGL based toolkits such as <code>fltk</code> and <code>qt</code> do not support the
<code>&quot;interpreter&quot;</code> property of text objects.  This means that when using
OpenGL toolkits special symbols drawn with the <code>&quot;tex&quot;</code> interpreter will
appear correctly on-screen but will be rendered with interpreter <code>&quot;none&quot;</code>
when printing unless one of the <code>standalone</code> (see below) modes is used.
These modes provide access to the pdflatex processor and therefore allow full
use of LaTeX commands.
</p>
<p>A complete example showing the capabilities of text printing using the
<samp>-dpdflatexstandalone</samp> option is:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">x = 0:0.01:3;
hf = figure ();
plot (x, erf (x));
hold on;
plot (x, x, &quot;r&quot;);
axis ([0, 3, 0, 1]);
text (0.65, 0.6175, ['$\displaystyle\leftarrow x = {2\over\sqrt{\pi}}'...
                     '\int_{0}^{x}e^{-t^2} dt = 0.6175$']);
xlabel (&quot;x&quot;);
ylabel (&quot;erf (x)&quot;);
title (&quot;erf (x) with text annotation&quot;);
set (hf, &quot;visible&quot;, &quot;off&quot;);
print (hf, &quot;plot15_7.pdf&quot;, &quot;-dpdflatexstandalone&quot;);
set (hf, &quot;visible&quot;, &quot;on&quot;);
system (&quot;pdflatex plot15_7&quot;);
open (&quot;plot15_7.pdf&quot;);
</pre></div>

<p>The result of this example can be seen in <a href="#fig_003aextendedtext">Figure 15.7</a>
</p>
<div class="float"><a name="fig_003aextendedtext"></a>
<div align="center"><img src="extended.png" alt="extended">
</div>
<div class="float-caption"><p><strong>Figure 15.7: </strong>Example of inclusion of text with use of <samp>-dpdflatexstandalone</samp></p></div></div>
<a name="XREFprint"></a><dl>
<dt><a name="index-print"></a>: <em></em> <strong>print</strong> <em>()</em></dt>
<dt><a name="index-print-1"></a>: <em></em> <strong>print</strong> <em>(<var>options</var>)</em></dt>
<dt><a name="index-print-2"></a>: <em></em> <strong>print</strong> <em>(<var>filename</var>, <var>options</var>)</em></dt>
<dt><a name="index-print-3"></a>: <em></em> <strong>print</strong> <em>(<var>h</var>, <var>filename</var>, <var>options</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p>Print a plot, or save it to a file.
</p>
<p>Both output formatted for printing (PDF and PostScript), and many bitmapped
and vector image formats are supported.
</p>
<p><var>filename</var> defines the name of the output file.  If the filename has
no suffix, one is inferred from the specified device and appended to the
filename.  If no filename is specified, the output is sent to the
printer.
</p>
<p><var>h</var> specifies the handle of the figure to print.  If no handle is
specified the current figure is used.
</p>
<p>For output to a printer, PostScript file, or PDF file, the paper size is
specified by the figure&rsquo;s <code>papersize</code> property.  The location and
size of the image on the page are specified by the figure&rsquo;s
<code>paperposition</code> property.  The orientation of the page is specified
by the figure&rsquo;s <code>paperorientation</code> property.
</p>
<p>The width and height of images are specified by the figure&rsquo;s
<code>paperposition(3:4)</code> property values.
</p>
<p>The <code>print</code> command supports many <var>options</var>:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-f<var>h</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the handle, <var>h</var>, of the figure to be printed.  The default
is the current figure.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-P<var>printer</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Set the <var>printer</var> name to which the plot is sent if no
<var>filename</var> is specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-G<var>ghostscript_command</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the command for calling Ghostscript.  For Unix and Windows the
defaults are <code>&quot;gs&quot;</code> and <code>&quot;gswin32c&quot;</code>, respectively.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-color</code></dt>
<dt><code>-mono</code></dt>
<dd><p>Color or monochrome output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-solid</code></dt>
<dt><code>-dashed</code></dt>
<dd><p>Force all lines to be solid or dashed, respectively.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-portrait</code></dt>
<dt><code>-landscape</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the orientation of the plot for printed output.
For non-printed output the aspect ratio of the output corresponds to the
plot area defined by the <code>&quot;paperposition&quot;</code> property in the
orientation specified.  This option is equivalent to changing the figure&rsquo;s
<code>&quot;paperorientation&quot;</code> property.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-TextAlphaBits=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>-GraphicsAlphaBits=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Octave is able to produce output for various printers, bitmaps, and
vector formats by using Ghostscript.  For bitmap and printer output
anti-aliasing is applied using Ghostscript&rsquo;s TextAlphaBits and
GraphicsAlphaBits options.  The default number of bits are 4 and 1
respectively.  Allowed values for <var>N</var> are 1, 2, or 4.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-d<var>device</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>The available output format is specified by the option <var>device</var>, and
is one of:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>ps</code></dt>
<dt><code>ps2</code></dt>
<dt><code>psc</code></dt>
<dt><code>psc2</code></dt>
<dd><p>PostScript (level 1 and 2, mono and color).  The OpenGL-based toolkits
always generate PostScript level 3.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>eps</code></dt>
<dt><code>eps2</code></dt>
<dt><code>epsc</code></dt>
<dt><code>epsc2</code></dt>
<dd><p>Encapsulated PostScript (level 1 and 2, mono and color).  The
OpenGL-based toolkits always generate PostScript level 3.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>pslatex</code></dt>
<dt><code>epslatex</code></dt>
<dt><code>pdflatex</code></dt>
<dt><code>pslatexstandalone</code></dt>
<dt><code>epslatexstandalone</code></dt>
<dt><code>pdflatexstandalone</code></dt>
<dd><p>Generate a LaTeX file <samp><var>filename</var>.tex</samp> for the text
portions of a plot and a file <samp><var>filename</var>.(ps|eps|pdf)</samp> for the
remaining graphics.  The graphics file suffix .ps|eps|pdf is determined
by the specified device type.  The LaTeX file produced by the
&lsquo;<samp>standalone</samp>&rsquo; option can be processed directly by LaTeX.  The file
generated without the &lsquo;<samp>standalone</samp>&rsquo; option is intended to be included
from another LaTeX document.  In either case, the LaTeX file
contains an <code>\includegraphics</code> command so that the generated graphics
file is automatically included when the LaTeX file is processed.  The
text that is written to the LaTeX file contains the strings
<strong>exactly</strong> as they were specified in the plot.  If any special
characters of the TeX mode interpreter were used, the file must be
edited before LaTeX processing.  Specifically, the special characters
must be enclosed with dollar signs (<code>$ &hellip; $</code>), and other
characters that are recognized by LaTeX may also need editing (.e.g.,
braces).  The &lsquo;<samp>pdflatex</samp>&rsquo; device, and any of the &lsquo;<samp>standalone</samp>&rsquo;
formats, are not available with the Gnuplot toolkit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>epscairo</code></dt>
<dt><code>pdfcairo</code></dt>
<dt><code>epscairolatex</code></dt>
<dt><code>pdfcairolatex</code></dt>
<dt><code>epscairolatexstandalone</code></dt>
<dt><code>pdfcairolatexstandalone</code></dt>
<dd><p>Generate Cairo based output when using the Gnuplot graphics toolkit.
The &lsquo;<samp>epscairo</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>pdfcairo</samp>&rsquo; devices are synonymous with
the &lsquo;<samp>epsc</samp>&rsquo; device.  The LaTeX variants generate a LaTeX file,
<samp><var>filename</var>.tex</samp>, for the text portions of a plot, and an image
file, <samp><var>filename</var>.(eps|pdf)</samp>, for the graph portion of the plot.
The &lsquo;<samp>standalone</samp>&rsquo; variants behave as described for
&lsquo;<samp>epslatexstandalone</samp>&rsquo; above.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>ill</code></dt>
<dt><code>aifm</code></dt>
<dd><p>Adobe Illustrator (Obsolete for Gnuplot versions &gt; 4.2)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>canvas</code></dt>
<dd><p>Javascript-based drawing on HTML5 canvas viewable in a web browser
(only available for the Gnuplot graphics toolkit).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>cdr</code></dt>
<dt><code>corel</code></dt>
<dd><p>CorelDraw
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>dxf</code></dt>
<dd><p>AutoCAD
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>emf</code></dt>
<dt><code>meta</code></dt>
<dd><p>Microsoft Enhanced Metafile
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>fig</code></dt>
<dd><p>XFig.  For the Gnuplot graphics toolkit, the additional options
<samp>-textspecial</samp> or <samp>-textnormal</samp> can be used to control
whether the special flag should be set for the text in the figure.
(default is <samp>-textnormal</samp>)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>gif</code></dt>
<dd><p>GIF image (only available for the Gnuplot graphics toolkit)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>hpgl</code></dt>
<dd><p>HP plotter language
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>jpg</code></dt>
<dt><code>jpeg</code></dt>
<dd><p>JPEG image
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>latex</code></dt>
<dd><p>LaTeX picture environment (only available for the Gnuplot graphics
toolkit).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>mf</code></dt>
<dd><p>Metafont
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>png</code></dt>
<dd><p>Portable network graphics
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>pbm</code></dt>
<dd><p>PBMplus
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>pdf</code></dt>
<dd><p>Portable document format
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>svg</code></dt>
<dd><p>Scalable vector graphics
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>tikz</code></dt>
<dt><code>tikzstandalone</code></dt>
<dd><p>Generate a LaTeX file using PGF/TikZ format.  The OpenGL-based
toolkits create a PGF file while Gnuplot creates a TikZ file.  The
&lsquo;<samp>tikzstandalone</samp>&rsquo; device produces a LaTeX document which includes the
TikZ file (&lsquo;<samp>tikzstandalone</samp>&rsquo; and is only available for the Gnuplot
graphics toolkit).
</p>
<p>If the device is omitted, it is inferred from the file extension,
or if there is no filename it is sent to the printer as PostScript.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-d<var>ghostscript_device</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Additional devices are supported by Ghostscript.
Some examples are;
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>pdfwrite</code></dt>
<dd><p>Produces pdf output from eps
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>ljet2p</code></dt>
<dd><p>HP LaserJet IIP
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>pcx24b</code></dt>
<dd><p>24-bit color PCX file format
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>ppm</code></dt>
<dd><p>Portable Pixel Map file format
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>For a complete list, type <code>system (&quot;gs -h&quot;)</code> to see what formats
and devices are available.
</p>
<p>When Ghostscript output is sent to a printer the size is determined by
the figure&rsquo;s <code>&quot;papersize&quot;</code> property.  When the output is sent to a
file the size is determined by the plot box defined by the figure&rsquo;s
<code>&quot;paperposition&quot;</code> property.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-append</code></dt>
<dd><p>Append PostScript or PDF output to a pre-existing file of the same type.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-r<var>NUM</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Resolution of bitmaps in pixels per inch.  For both metafiles and SVG
the default is the screen resolution; for other formats it is 150 dpi.  To
specify screen resolution, use <code>&quot;-r0&quot;</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-loose</code></dt>
<dt><code>-tight</code></dt>
<dd><p>Force a tight or loose bounding box for eps files.  The default is loose.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-<var>preview</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Add a preview to eps files.  Supported formats are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-interchange</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provide an interchange preview.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-metafile</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provide a metafile preview.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-pict</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provide pict preview.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-tiff</code></dt>
<dd><p>Provide a tiff preview.
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>-S<var>xsize</var>,<var>ysize</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Plot size in pixels for EMF, GIF, JPEG, PBM, PNG, and SVG.
For PS, EPS, PDF, and other vector formats the plot size is in points.
This option is equivalent to changing the size of the plot box associated
with the <code>&quot;paperposition&quot;</code> property.  When using the command form of
the print function you must quote the <var>xsize</var>,<var>ysize</var> option.  For
example, by writing <span class="nolinebreak">&quot;-S640,480&quot;</span><!-- /@w -->.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-F<var>fontname</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>-F<var>fontname</var>:<var>size</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>-F:<var>size</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Use <var>fontname</var> and/or <var>fontsize</var> for all text.
<var>fontname</var> is ignored for some devices: dxf, fig, hpgl, etc.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>The filename and options can be given in any order.
</p>
<p>Example: Print to a file using the pdf device.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">figure (1);
clf ();
surf (peaks);
print figure1.pdf
</pre></div>

<p>Example: Print to a file using jpg device.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">clf ();
surf (peaks);
print -djpg figure2.jpg
</pre></div>

<p>Example: Print to printer named PS_printer using ps format.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">clf ();
surf (peaks);
print -dpswrite -PPS_printer
</pre></div>


<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="#XREFsaveas">saveas</a>, <a href="#XREFhgsave">hgsave</a>, <a href="#XREForient">orient</a>, <a href="Multiple-Plot-Windows.html#XREFfigure">figure</a>.
</p></dd></dl>


<a name="XREFsaveas"></a><dl>
<dt><a name="index-saveas"></a>: <em></em> <strong>saveas</strong> <em>(<var>h</var>, <var>filename</var>)</em></dt>
<dt><a name="index-saveas-1"></a>: <em></em> <strong>saveas</strong> <em>(<var>h</var>, <var>filename</var>, <var>fmt</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p>Save graphic object <var>h</var> to the file <var>filename</var> in graphic format
<var>fmt</var>.
</p>
<p><var>fmt</var> should be one of the following formats:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>ps</code></dt>
<dd><p>PostScript
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>eps</code></dt>
<dd><p>Encapsulated PostScript
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>jpg</code></dt>
<dd><p>JPEG Image
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>png</code></dt>
<dd><p>PNG Image
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>emf</code></dt>
<dd><p>Enhanced Meta File
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>pdf</code></dt>
<dd><p>Portable Document Format
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>All device formats specified in <code>print</code> may also be used.  If
<var>fmt</var> is omitted it is extracted from the extension of <var>filename</var>.
The default format is <code>&quot;pdf&quot;</code>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">clf ();
surf (peaks);
saveas (1, &quot;figure1.png&quot;);
</pre></div>


<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="#XREFprint">print</a>, <a href="#XREFhgsave">hgsave</a>, <a href="#XREForient">orient</a>.
</p></dd></dl>


<a name="XREForient"></a><dl>
<dt><a name="index-orient"></a>: <em></em> <strong>orient</strong> <em>(<var>orientation</var>)</em></dt>
<dt><a name="index-orient-1"></a>: <em></em> <strong>orient</strong> <em>(<var>hfig</var>, <var>orientation</var>)</em></dt>
<dt><a name="index-orient-2"></a>: <em><var>orientation</var> =</em> <strong>orient</strong> <em>()</em></dt>
<dt><a name="index-orient-3"></a>: <em><var>orientation</var> =</em> <strong>orient</strong> <em>(<var>hfig</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p>Query or set the print orientation for figure <var>hfig</var>.
</p>
<p>Valid values for <var>orientation</var> are <code>&quot;portrait&quot;</code>,
<code>&quot;landscape&quot;</code>, and <code>&quot;tall&quot;</code>.
</p>
<p>The <code>&quot;landscape&quot;</code> option changes the orientation so the plot width
is larger than the plot height.  The <code>&quot;paperposition&quot;</code> is also
modified so that the plot fills the page, while leaving a 0.25 inch border.
</p>
<p>The <code>&quot;tall&quot;</code> option sets the orientation to <code>&quot;portrait&quot;</code> and
fills the page with the plot, while leaving a 0.25 inch border.
</p>
<p>The <code>&quot;portrait&quot;</code> option (default) changes the orientation so the plot
height is larger than the plot width.  It also restores the default
<code>&quot;paperposition&quot;</code> property.
</p>
<p>When called with no arguments, return the current print orientation.
</p>
<p>If the argument <var>hfig</var> is omitted, then operate on the current figure
returned by <code>gcf</code>.
</p>
<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="#XREFprint">print</a>, <a href="#XREFsaveas">saveas</a>.
</p></dd></dl>


<p><code>print</code> and <code>saveas</code> are used when work on a plot has finished
and the output must be in a publication-ready format.  During intermediate
stages it is often better to save the graphics object and all of its
associated information so that changes&mdash;to colors, axis limits, marker styles,
etc.&mdash;can be made easily from within Octave.  The <code>hgsave</code>/<code>hgload</code>
commands can be used to save and re-create a graphics object.
</p>
<a name="XREFhgsave"></a><dl>
<dt><a name="index-hgsave"></a>: <em></em> <strong>hgsave</strong> <em>(<var>filename</var>)</em></dt>
<dt><a name="index-hgsave-1"></a>: <em></em> <strong>hgsave</strong> <em>(<var>h</var>, <var>filename</var>)</em></dt>
<dt><a name="index-hgsave-2"></a>: <em></em> <strong>hgsave</strong> <em>(<var>h</var>, <var>filename</var>, <var>fmt</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p>Save the graphics handle <var>h</var> to the file <var>filename</var> in the format
<var>fmt</var>.
</p>
<p>If unspecified, <var>h</var> is the current figure as returned by <code>gcf</code>.
</p>
<p>When <var>filename</var> does not have an extension the default filename
extension <samp>.ofig</samp> will be appended.
</p>
<p>If present, <var>fmt</var> should be one of the following:
</p>
<ul>
<li> <samp>-binary</samp>, <samp>-float-binary</samp>

</li><li> <samp>-hdf5</samp>, <samp>-float-hdf5</samp>

</li><li> <samp>-V7</samp>, <samp>-v7</samp>, <code>-7</code>, <samp>-mat7-binary</samp>

</li><li> <samp>-V6</samp>, <samp>-v6</samp>, <code>-6</code>, <samp>-mat6-binary</samp>

</li><li> <samp>-text</samp>

</li><li> <samp>-zip</samp>, <samp>-z</samp>
</li></ul>

<p>When producing graphics for final publication use <code>print</code> or
<code>saveas</code>.  When it is important to be able to continue to edit a
figure as an Octave object, use <code>hgsave</code>/<code>hgload</code>.
</p>
<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="#XREFhgload">hgload</a>, <a href="Graphics-Objects.html#XREFhdl2struct">hdl2struct</a>, <a href="#XREFsaveas">saveas</a>, <a href="#XREFprint">print</a>.
</p></dd></dl>


<a name="XREFhgload"></a><dl>
<dt><a name="index-hgload"></a>: <em><var>h</var> =</em> <strong>hgload</strong> <em>(<var>filename</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p>Load the graphics object in <var>filename</var> into the graphics handle <var>h</var>.
</p>
<p>If <var>filename</var> has no extension, Octave will try to find the file with
and without the standard extension of <samp>.ofig</samp>.
</p>
<p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="#XREFhgsave">hgsave</a>, <a href="Graphics-Objects.html#XREFstruct2hdl">struct2hdl</a>.
</p></dd></dl>


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