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<h4 class="subsection">21.1.1 Creating Diagonal Matrices</h4>

<p>The most common and easiest way to create a diagonal matrix is using the
built-in function <em>diag</em>.  The expression <code>diag (v)</code>, with <var>v</var> a
vector, will create a square diagonal matrix with elements on the main diagonal
given by the elements of <var>v</var>, and size equal to the length of <var>v</var>.
<code>diag (v, m, n)</code> can be used to construct a rectangular diagonal matrix.
The result of these expressions will be a special diagonal matrix object,
rather than a general matrix object.
</p>
<p>Diagonal matrix with unit elements can be created using <em>eye</em>.
Some other built-in functions can also return diagonal matrices.  Examples
include
<em>balance</em> or <em>inv</em>.
</p>
<p>Example:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">  diag (1:4)
&rArr;
Diagonal Matrix

   1   0   0   0
   0   2   0   0
   0   0   3   0
   0   0   0   4

  diag (1:3,5,3)

&rArr;
Diagonal Matrix

   1   0   0
   0   2   0
   0   0   3
   0   0   0
   0   0   0
</pre></div>




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