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<h2><span class="refentrytitle"><a name="libvips-conversion.top_of_page"></a>conversion</span></h2>
<p>conversion — convert images in some way: change band format, change header, insert, extract, join</p>
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<a name="libvips-conversion.stability-level"></a><h2>Stability Level</h2>
<acronym title="The intention of a Stable interface is to enable arbitrary third parties to
develop applications to these interfaces, release them, and have confidence that
they will run on all minor releases of the product (after the one in which the
interface was introduced, and within the same major release). Even at a major
release, incompatible changes are expected to be rare, and to have strong
justifications.
"><span class="acronym">Stable</span></acronym>, unless otherwise indicated
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="libvips-conversion.functions"></a><h2>Functions</h2>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="functions_return">
<col class="functions_name">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-copy" title="vips_copy ()">vips_copy</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-tilecache" title="vips_tilecache ()">vips_tilecache</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-linecache" title="vips_linecache ()">vips_linecache</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-sequential" title="vips_sequential ()">vips_sequential</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cache" title="vips_cache ()">vips_cache</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-copy-file" title="vips_copy_file ()">vips_copy_file</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-embed" title="vips_embed ()">vips_embed</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-flip" title="vips_flip ()">vips_flip</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-insert" title="vips_insert ()">vips_insert</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-join" title="vips_join ()">vips_join</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-arrayjoin" title="vips_arrayjoin ()">vips_arrayjoin</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-area" title="vips_extract_area ()">vips_extract_area</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-crop" title="vips_crop ()">vips_crop</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-band" title="vips_extract_band ()">vips_extract_band</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-replicate" title="vips_replicate ()">vips_replicate</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-grid" title="vips_grid ()">vips_grid</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-wrap" title="vips_wrap ()">vips_wrap</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot" title="vips_rot ()">vips_rot</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot45" title="vips_rot45 ()">vips_rot45</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAngle" title="enum VipsAngle"><span class="returnvalue">VipsAngle</span></a>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-autorot-get-angle" title="vips_autorot_get_angle ()">vips_autorot_get_angle</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">void</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-autorot-remove-angle" title="vips_autorot_remove_angle ()">vips_autorot_remove_angle</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-autorot" title="vips_autorot ()">vips_autorot</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-zoom" title="vips_zoom ()">vips_zoom</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-subsample" title="vips_subsample ()">vips_subsample</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()">vips_cast</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-uchar" title="vips_cast_uchar ()">vips_cast_uchar</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-char" title="vips_cast_char ()">vips_cast_char</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-ushort" title="vips_cast_ushort ()">vips_cast_ushort</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-short" title="vips_cast_short ()">vips_cast_short</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-uint" title="vips_cast_uint ()">vips_cast_uint</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-int" title="vips_cast_int ()">vips_cast_int</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-float" title="vips_cast_float ()">vips_cast_float</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-double" title="vips_cast_double ()">vips_cast_double</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-complex" title="vips_cast_complex ()">vips_cast_complex</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-dpcomplex" title="vips_cast_dpcomplex ()">vips_cast_dpcomplex</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-scale" title="vips_scale ()">vips_scale</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-msb" title="vips_msb ()">vips_msb</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-byteswap" title="vips_byteswap ()">vips_byteswap</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandjoin" title="vips_bandjoin ()">vips_bandjoin</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandjoin2" title="vips_bandjoin2 ()">vips_bandjoin2</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandjoin-const" title="vips_bandjoin_const ()">vips_bandjoin_const</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandjoin-const1" title="vips_bandjoin_const1 ()">vips_bandjoin_const1</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandrank" title="vips_bandrank ()">vips_bandrank</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandfold" title="vips_bandfold ()">vips_bandfold</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandunfold" title="vips_bandunfold ()">vips_bandunfold</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandbool" title="vips_bandbool ()">vips_bandbool</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandand" title="vips_bandand ()">vips_bandand</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandor" title="vips_bandor ()">vips_bandor</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandeor" title="vips_bandeor ()">vips_bandeor</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandmean" title="vips_bandmean ()">vips_bandmean</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-recomb" title="vips_recomb ()">vips_recomb</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-ifthenelse" title="vips_ifthenelse ()">vips_ifthenelse</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-flatten" title="vips_flatten ()">vips_flatten</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-premultiply" title="vips_premultiply ()">vips_premultiply</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-unpremultiply" title="vips_unpremultiply ()">vips_unpremultiply</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-falsecolour" title="vips_falsecolour ()">vips_falsecolour</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">int</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-gamma" title="vips_gamma ()">vips_gamma</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="libvips-conversion.other"></a><h2>Types and Values</h2>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="name">
<col class="description">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="datatype_keyword">enum</td>
<td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsExtend" title="enum VipsExtend">VipsExtend</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="datatype_keyword">enum</td>
<td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsDirection" title="enum VipsDirection">VipsDirection</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="datatype_keyword">enum</td>
<td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAlign" title="enum VipsAlign">VipsAlign</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="datatype_keyword">enum</td>
<td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAngle" title="enum VipsAngle">VipsAngle</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="datatype_keyword">enum</td>
<td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAngle45" title="enum VipsAngle45">VipsAngle45</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="libvips-conversion.includes"></a><h2>Includes</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">#include <vips/vips.h>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="libvips-conversion.description"></a><h2>Description</h2>
<p>These operations convert an image in some way. They can be split into a two
main groups.</p>
<p>The first set of operations change an image's format in some way. You
can change the band format (for example, cast to 32-bit unsigned
int), form complex images from real images, convert images to
matrices and back, change header fields, and a few others.</p>
<p>The second group move pixels about in some way. You can flip, rotate,
extract, insert and join pairs of images in various ways.</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="libvips-conversion.functions_details"></a><h2>Functions</h2>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-copy"></a><h3>vips_copy ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_copy (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>width</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, set image width</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>height</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, set image height</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>bands</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, set image bands</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>format</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VipsBandFormat" title="enum VipsBandFormat"><span class="type">VipsBandFormat</span></a>, set image format</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>coding</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VipsCoding" title="enum VipsCoding"><span class="type">VipsCoding</span></a>, set image coding</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>interpretation</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VipsInterpretation" title="enum VipsInterpretation"><span class="type">VipsInterpretation</span></a>, set image interpretation</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>xres</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gdouble</code>, set image xres</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>yres</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gdouble</code>, set image yres</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>xoffset</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, set image xoffset</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>yoffset</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, set image yoffset</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>Copy an image, optionally modifying the header. VIPS copies images by
copying pointers, so this operation is instant, even for very large images.</p>
<p>You can optionally change any or all header fields during the copy. You can
make any change which does not change the size of a pel, so for example
you can turn a 4-band uchar image into a 2-band ushort image, but you
cannot change a 100 x 100 RGB image into a 300 x 100 mono image.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-byteswap" title="vips_byteswap ()"><code class="function">vips_byteswap()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandfold" title="vips_bandfold ()"><code class="function">vips_bandfold()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandunfold" title="vips_bandunfold ()"><code class="function">vips_bandunfold()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-copy.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-copy.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-tilecache"></a><h3>vips_tilecache ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_tilecache (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>tile_width</code></em>
: width of tiles in cache</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>tile_height</code></em>
: height of tiles in cache</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>max_tiles</code></em>
: maximum number of tiles to cache</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
: hint expected access pattern <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VipsAccess" title="enum VipsAccess"><span class="type">VipsAccess</span></a></p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>threaded</code></em>
: allow many threads</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>persistent</code></em>
: don't drop cache at end of computation</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>This operation behaves rather like <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-copy" title="vips_copy ()"><code class="function">vips_copy()</code></a> between images
<em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
, except that it keeps a cache of computed pixels.
This cache is made of up to <em class="parameter"><code>max_tiles</code></em>
tiles (a value of -1
means any number of tiles), and each tile is of size <em class="parameter"><code>tile_width</code></em>
by <em class="parameter"><code>tile_height</code></em>
pixels. </p>
<p>Each cache tile is made with a single call to
<a class="link" href="VipsRegion.html#vips-region-prepare" title="vips_region_prepare ()"><code class="function">vips_region_prepare()</code></a>. </p>
<p>When the cache fills, a tile is chosen for reuse. If <em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
is
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-RANDOM:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM</span></a>, then the least-recently-used tile is reused. If
<em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
is <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-SEQUENTIAL:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL</span></a> or <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-SEQUENTIAL-UNBUFFERED:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_UNBUFFERED</span></a>,
the top-most tile is reused.</p>
<p>By default, <em class="parameter"><code>tile_width</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>tile_height</code></em>
are 128 pixels, and the operation
will cache up to 1,000 tiles. <em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
defaults to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-RANDOM:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM</span></a>.</p>
<p>Normally, only a single thread at once is allowed to calculate tiles. If
you set <em class="parameter"><code>threaded</code></em>
to <code class="literal">TRUE</code>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-tilecache" title="vips_tilecache ()"><code class="function">vips_tilecache()</code></a> will allow many threads to
calculate tiles at once, and share the cache between them.</p>
<p>Normally the cache is dropped when computation finishes. Set <em class="parameter"><code>persistent</code></em>
to
<code class="literal">TRUE</code> to keep the cache between computations.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cache" title="vips_cache ()"><code class="function">vips_cache()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-linecache" title="vips_linecache ()"><code class="function">vips_linecache()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-tilecache.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-tilecache.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-linecache"></a><h3>vips_linecache ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_linecache (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
: hint expected access pattern <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VipsAccess" title="enum VipsAccess"><span class="type">VipsAccess</span></a></p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>tile_height</code></em>
: height of tiles in cache</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>threaded</code></em>
: allow many threads</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>This operation behaves rather like <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-copy" title="vips_copy ()"><code class="function">vips_copy()</code></a> between images
<em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
, except that it keeps a cache of computed scanlines. </p>
<p>The number of lines cached is enough for a small amount of non-local
access. If you know you will not be making any non-local access, you can
save some memory and set <em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-SEQUENTIAL-UNBUFFERED:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_UNBUFFERED</span></a>. </p>
<p>Each cache tile is made with a single call to
<a class="link" href="VipsRegion.html#vips-region-prepare" title="vips_region_prepare ()"><code class="function">vips_region_prepare()</code></a>. </p>
<p>When the cache fills, a tile is chosen for reuse. If <em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
is
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-RANDOM:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM</span></a>, then the least-recently-used tile is reused. If
<em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
is <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-SEQUENTIAL:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL</span></a> or <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-SEQUENTIAL-UNBUFFERED:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_UNBUFFERED</span></a>,
the top-most tile is reused. <em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
defaults to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-RANDOM:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM</span></a>.</p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>tile_height</code></em>
can be used to set the size of the strips that
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-linecache" title="vips_linecache ()"><code class="function">vips_linecache()</code></a> uses. The default is 1 (a single scanline).</p>
<p>Normally, only a single thread at once is allowed to calculate tiles. If
you set <em class="parameter"><code>threaded</code></em>
to <code class="literal">TRUE</code>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-linecache" title="vips_linecache ()"><code class="function">vips_linecache()</code></a> will allow many threads to
calculate tiles at once and share the cache between them.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cache" title="vips_cache ()"><code class="function">vips_cache()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-tilecache" title="vips_tilecache ()"><code class="function">vips_tilecache()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-linecache.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-linecache.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-sequential"></a><h3>vips_sequential ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_sequential (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>trace</code></em>
: trace requests</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>strip_height</code></em>
: height of cache strips</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
: access pattern</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>This operation behaves rather like <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-copy" title="vips_copy ()"><code class="function">vips_copy()</code></a> between images
<em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
, except that it checks that pixels are only requested
top-to-bottom. If a thread makes an out of order request, it is stalled
until the pack catches up.</p>
<p>This operation is useful for loading file formats which are
strictly top-to-bottom, like PNG. </p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>trace</code></em>
is true, the operation will print diagnostic messages for each
block of pixels which are processed. This can help find the cause of
non-sequential accesses. </p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>strip_height</code></em>
can be used to set the size of the tiles that
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-sequential" title="vips_sequential ()"><code class="function">vips_sequential()</code></a> uses. The default value is 1.</p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>access</code></em>
can be set to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-ACCESS-SEQUENTIAL-UNBUFFERED:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_UNBUFFERED</span></a>, meaning don't
keep a large cache behind the read point. This can save some memory. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cache" title="vips_cache ()"><code class="function">vips_cache()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-linecache" title="vips_linecache ()"><code class="function">vips_linecache()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-tilecache" title="vips_tilecache ()"><code class="function">vips_tilecache()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-sequential.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-sequential.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cache"></a><h3>vips_cache ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cache (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>tile_width</code></em>
: width of tiles in cache</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>tile_height</code></em>
: height of tiles in cache</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>max_tiles</code></em>
: maximum number of tiles to cache</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>This operation behaves rather like <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-copy" title="vips_copy ()"><code class="function">vips_copy()</code></a> between images
<em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
, except that it keeps a cache of computed pixels.
This cache is made of up to <em class="parameter"><code>max_tiles</code></em>
tiles (a value of -1
means any number of tiles), and each tile is of size <em class="parameter"><code>tile_width</code></em>
by <em class="parameter"><code>tile_height</code></em>
pixels. By default it will cache 250 128 x 128 pixel tiles,
enough for two 1920 x 1080 images. </p>
<p>This operation is a thin wrapper over <a class="link" href="libvips-generate.html#vips-sink-screen" title="vips_sink_screen ()"><code class="function">vips_sink_screen()</code></a>, see the
documentation for that operation for details. </p>
<p>It uses a set of background threads to calculate pixels and the various
active cache operations coordinate so as not to overwhelm your system. When
a request is made for an area of pixels, the operation will block until all
of those pixels have been calculated. Pixels are calculated with a set of
threads. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-tilecache" title="vips_tilecache ()"><code class="function">vips_tilecache()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cache.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cache.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-copy-file"></a><h3>vips_copy_file ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_copy_file (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>A simple convenience function to copy an image to a file, then copy
again to output. If the image is already a file, just copy straight
through.</p>
<p>The file is allocated with <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#vips-image-new-temp-file" title="vips_image_new_temp_file ()"><code class="function">vips_image_new_temp_file()</code></a>.
The file is automatically deleted when <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
is closed.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-copy" title="vips_copy ()"><code class="function">vips_copy()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#vips-image-new-temp-file" title="vips_image_new_temp_file ()"><code class="function">vips_image_new_temp_file()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-copy-file.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-copy-file.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-embed"></a><h3>vips_embed ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_embed (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> x</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> y</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> width</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> height</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>extend</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsExtend" title="enum VipsExtend"><span class="type">VipsExtend</span></a> to generate the edge pixels (default: black)</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="libvips-type.html#VipsArrayDouble"><span class="type">VipsArrayDouble</span></a> colour for edge pixels</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>The opposite of <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-area" title="vips_extract_area ()"><code class="function">vips_extract_area()</code></a>: embed <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
within an image of size
<em class="parameter"><code>width</code></em>
by <em class="parameter"><code>height</code></em>
at position <em class="parameter"><code>x</code></em>
, <em class="parameter"><code>y</code></em>
. </p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>extend</code></em>
controls what appears in the new pels, see <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsExtend" title="enum VipsExtend"><span class="type">VipsExtend</span></a>. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-area" title="vips_extract_area ()"><code class="function">vips_extract_area()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-insert" title="vips_insert ()"><code class="function">vips_insert()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-embed.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>x</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>place <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
at this x position in <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>y</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>place <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
at this y position in <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>width</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
should be this many pixels across</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>height</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
should be this many pixels down</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-embed.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-flip"></a><h3>vips_flip ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_flip (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsDirection" title="enum VipsDirection"><span class="type">VipsDirection</span></a> direction</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Flips an image left-right or up-down.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot" title="vips_rot ()"><code class="function">vips_rot()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-flip.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>direction</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>flip horizontally or vertically</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-flip.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-insert"></a><h3>vips_insert ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_insert (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *main</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *sub</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> x</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> y</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>expand</code></em>
: expand output to hold whole of both images</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
: colour for new pixels</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>Insert <em class="parameter"><code>sub</code></em>
into <em class="parameter"><code>main</code></em>
at position <em class="parameter"><code>x</code></em>
, <em class="parameter"><code>y</code></em>
. </p>
<p>Normally <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
shows the whole of <em class="parameter"><code>main</code></em>
. If <em class="parameter"><code>expand</code></em>
is <span class="type">TRUE</span> then <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
is
made large enough to hold all of <em class="parameter"><code>main</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>sub</code></em>
.
Any areas of <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
not coming from
either <em class="parameter"><code>main</code></em>
or <em class="parameter"><code>sub</code></em>
are set to <em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
(default 0). </p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>sub</code></em>
overlaps <em class="parameter"><code>main</code></em>
,
<em class="parameter"><code>sub</code></em>
will appear on top of <em class="parameter"><code>main</code></em>
. </p>
<p>If the number of bands differs, one of the images
must have one band. In this case, an n-band image is formed from the
one-band image by joining n copies of the one-band image together, and then
the two n-band images are operated upon.</p>
<p>The two input images are cast up to the smallest common type (see table
Smallest common format in </p>
<a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html" title="arithmetic">arithmetic</a>).
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-join" title="vips_join ()"><code class="function">vips_join()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-embed" title="vips_embed ()"><code class="function">vips_embed()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-area" title="vips_extract_area ()"><code class="function">vips_extract_area()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-insert.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>main</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>big image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>sub</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>small image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>x</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>left position of <em class="parameter"><code>sub</code></em>
</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>y</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>top position of <em class="parameter"><code>sub</code></em>
</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-insert.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-join"></a><h3>vips_join ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_join (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in1</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in2</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsDirection" title="enum VipsDirection"><span class="type">VipsDirection</span></a> direction</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>expand</code></em>
: <code class="literal">TRUE</code> to expand the output image to hold all of the input pixels</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>shim</code></em>
: space between images, in pixels</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
: background ink colour</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>align</code></em>
: low, centre or high alignment</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>Join <em class="parameter"><code>in1</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>in2</code></em>
together, left-right or up-down depending on the value
of <em class="parameter"><code>direction</code></em>
.</p>
<p>If one is taller or wider than the
other, <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
will be has high as the smaller. If <em class="parameter"><code>expand</code></em>
is <code class="literal">TRUE</code>, then
the output will be expanded to contain all of the input pixels.</p>
<p>Use <em class="parameter"><code>align</code></em>
to set the edge that the images align on. By default, they align
on the edge with the lower value coordinate.</p>
<p>Use <em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
to set the colour of any pixels in <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
which are not
present in either <em class="parameter"><code>in1</code></em>
or <em class="parameter"><code>in2</code></em>
.</p>
<p>Use <em class="parameter"><code>shim</code></em>
to set the spacing between the images. By default this is 0.</p>
<p>If the number of bands differs, one of the images
must have one band. In this case, an n-band image is formed from the
one-band image by joining n copies of the one-band image together, and then
the two n-band images are operated upon.</p>
<p>The two input images are cast up to the smallest common type (see table
Smallest common format in </p>
<a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html" title="arithmetic">arithmetic</a>).
<p>If you are going to be joining many thousands of images in a regular
grid, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-arrayjoin" title="vips_arrayjoin ()"><code class="function">vips_arrayjoin()</code></a> is a better choice.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-arrayjoin" title="vips_arrayjoin ()"><code class="function">vips_arrayjoin()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-insert" title="vips_insert ()"><code class="function">vips_insert()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-join.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in1</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>first input image </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in2</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>second input image </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>direction</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>join horizontally or vertically</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-join.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-arrayjoin"></a><h3>vips_arrayjoin ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_arrayjoin (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> n</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>across</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, number of images per row</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>shim</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, space between images, in pixels</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="libvips-type.html#VipsArrayDouble"><span class="type">VipsArrayDouble</span></a>, background ink colour</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>halign</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAlign" title="enum VipsAlign"><span class="type">VipsAlign</span></a>, low, centre or high alignment</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>valign</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAlign" title="enum VipsAlign"><span class="type">VipsAlign</span></a>, low, centre or high alignment</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>hspacing</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, horizontal distance between images</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>vspacing</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, vertical distance between images</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>Lay out the images in <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
in a grid. The grid is <em class="parameter"><code>across</code></em>
images across and
however high is necessary to use up all of <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
. Images are set down
left-to-right and top-to-bottom. <em class="parameter"><code>across</code></em>
defaults to <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em>
.</p>
<p>Each input image is placed with a box of size <em class="parameter"><code>hspacing</code></em>
by <em class="parameter"><code>vspacing</code></em>
pixels and cropped. These default to the largest width and largest height
of the input images. </p>
<p>Space between images is filled with <em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
. This defaults to 0
(black).</p>
<p>Images are positioned within their <em class="parameter"><code>hspacing</code></em>
by <em class="parameter"><code>vspacing</code></em>
box at low,
centre or high coordinate values, controlled by <em class="parameter"><code>halign</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>valign</code></em>
. These
default to left-top. </p>
<p>Boxes are joined and separated by <em class="parameter"><code>shim</code></em>
pixels. This defaults to 0.</p>
<p>If the number of bands in the input images differs, all but one of the
images must have one band. In this case, an n-band image is formed from the
one-band image by joining n copies of the one-band image together, and then
the n-band images are operated upon.</p>
<p>The input images are cast up to the smallest common type (see table
Smallest common format in </p>
<a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html" title="arithmetic">arithmetic</a>).
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-join" title="vips_join ()"><code class="function">vips_join()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-insert" title="vips_insert ()"><code class="function">vips_insert()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-arrayjoin.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> array of input images. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> length=n][<acronym title="Don't free data after the code is done."><span class="acronym">transfer none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>n</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>number of input images</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-arrayjoin.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-extract-area"></a><h3>vips_extract_area ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_extract_area (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> left</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> top</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> width</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> height</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Extract an area from an image. The area must fit within <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
.</p>
<p>See also: <a href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-band"><code class="function">vips_extract_bands()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-extract-area.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>left</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>left edge of area to extract</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>top</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>top edge of area to extract</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>width</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>width of area to extract</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>height</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>height of area to extract</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-extract-area.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-crop"></a><h3>vips_crop ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_crop (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> left</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> top</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> width</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> height</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>A synonym for <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-area" title="vips_extract_area ()"><code class="function">vips_extract_area()</code></a>. </p>
<p>See also: <a href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-band"><code class="function">vips_extract_bands()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-crop.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>left</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>left edge of area to extract</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>top</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>top edge of area to extract</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>width</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>width of area to extract</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>height</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>height of area to extract</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-crop.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-extract-band"></a><h3>vips_extract_band ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_extract_band (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> band</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em>
: number of bands to extract</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Extract a band or bands from an image. Extracting out of range is an error.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-area" title="vips_extract_area ()"><code class="function">vips_extract_area()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-extract-band.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>band</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>band to extract</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-extract-band.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-replicate"></a><h3>vips_replicate ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_replicate (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> across</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> down</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Repeats an image many times.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-extract-area" title="vips_extract_area ()"><code class="function">vips_extract_area()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-replicate.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>across</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>repeat input this many times across</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>down</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>repeat input this many times down</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-replicate.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-grid"></a><h3>vips_grid ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_grid (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> tile_height</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> across</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> down</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Chop a tall thin image up into a set of tiles, lay the tiles out in a grid. </p>
<p>The input image should be a very tall, thin image containing a list of
smaller images. Volumetric or time-sequence images are often laid out like
this. This image is chopped into a series of tiles, each <em class="parameter"><code>tile_height</code></em>
pixels high and the width of <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
. The tiles are then rearranged into a grid
<em class="parameter"><code>across</code></em>
tiles across and <em class="parameter"><code>down</code></em>
tiles down in row-major order.</p>
<p>Supplying <em class="parameter"><code>tile_height</code></em>
, <em class="parameter"><code>across</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>down</code></em>
is not strictly necessary, we
only really need two of these. Requiring three is a double-check that the
image has the expected geometry. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-embed" title="vips_embed ()"><code class="function">vips_embed()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-insert" title="vips_insert ()"><code class="function">vips_insert()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-join" title="vips_join ()"><code class="function">vips_join()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-grid.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>tile_height</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>chop into tiles this high</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>across</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>tiles across</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>down</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>tiles down</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-grid.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-wrap"></a><h3>vips_wrap ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_wrap (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>x</code></em>
: horizontal displacement</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>y</code></em>
: vertical displacement</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>Slice an image up and move the segments about so that the pixel that was
at 0, 0 is now at <em class="parameter"><code>x</code></em>
, <em class="parameter"><code>y</code></em>
. If <em class="parameter"><code>x</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>y</code></em>
are not set, they default to the
centre of the image. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-embed" title="vips_embed ()"><code class="function">vips_embed()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-replicate" title="vips_replicate ()"><code class="function">vips_replicate()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-wrap.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-wrap.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-rot"></a><h3>vips_rot ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_rot (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAngle" title="enum VipsAngle"><span class="type">VipsAngle</span></a> angle</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Rotate <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
by a multiple of 90 degrees.</p>
<p>Use <a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html#vips-similarity" title="vips_similarity ()"><code class="function">vips_similarity()</code></a> to rotate by an arbitary angle. <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot45" title="vips_rot45 ()"><code class="function">vips_rot45()</code></a> is
useful for rotating convolution masks by 45 degrees. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-flip" title="vips_flip ()"><code class="function">vips_flip()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html#vips-similarity" title="vips_similarity ()"><code class="function">vips_similarity()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot45" title="vips_rot45 ()"><code class="function">vips_rot45()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-rot.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>angle</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>rotation angle</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-rot.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-rot45"></a><h3>vips_rot45 ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_rot45 (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>angle</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAngle45" title="enum VipsAngle45"><span class="type">VipsAngle45</span></a> rotation angle</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Rotate <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
by a multiple of 45 degrees. Odd-length sides and square images
only. </p>
<p>This operation is useful for rotating convolution masks. Use
<a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html#vips-similarity" title="vips_similarity ()"><code class="function">vips_similarity()</code></a> to rotate images by arbitrary angles. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot" title="vips_rot ()"><code class="function">vips_rot()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html#vips-similarity" title="vips_similarity ()"><code class="function">vips_similarity()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-rot45.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-rot45.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-autorot-get-angle"></a><h3>vips_autorot_get_angle ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAngle" title="enum VipsAngle"><span class="returnvalue">VipsAngle</span></a>
vips_autorot_get_angle (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *image</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Examine the metadata on <em class="parameter"><code>im</code></em>
and return the <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAngle" title="enum VipsAngle"><span class="type">VipsAngle</span></a> to rotate by to turn
the image upright. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-autorot" title="vips_autorot ()"><code class="function">vips_autorot()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-autorot-get-angle.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>image to fetch orientation from</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr></tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-autorot-get-angle.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> the <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAngle" title="enum VipsAngle"><span class="type">VipsAngle</span></a> to rotate by to make the image upright.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-autorot-remove-angle"></a><h3>vips_autorot_remove_angle ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">void</span>
vips_autorot_remove_angle (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *image</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Remove the orientation tag on <em class="parameter"><code>image</code></em>
. Also remove any exif orientation tags. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-autorot-get-angle" title="vips_autorot_get_angle ()"><code class="function">vips_autorot_get_angle()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-autorot-remove-angle.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>image to remove orientation from</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr></tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-autorot"></a><h3>vips_autorot ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_autorot (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>angle</code></em>
: output <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VipsAngle" title="enum VipsAngle"><span class="type">VipsAngle</span></a> the image was rotated by</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Look at the image metadata and rotate the image to make it upright. The
<a class="link" href="libvips-header.html#VIPS-META-ORIENTATION:CAPS" title="VIPS_META_ORIENTATION"><span class="type">VIPS_META_ORIENTATION</span></a> tag is removed from <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
to prevent accidental
double rotation. </p>
<p>Read <em class="parameter"><code>angle</code></em>
to find the amount the image was rotated by. </p>
<p>vips only supports the four simple rotations, it does not support the
various mirror modes. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-autorot-get-angle" title="vips_autorot_get_angle ()"><code class="function">vips_autorot_get_angle()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-autorot-remove-angle" title="vips_autorot_remove_angle ()"><code class="function">vips_autorot_remove_angle()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot" title="vips_rot ()"><code class="function">vips_rot()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-autorot.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-autorot.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-zoom"></a><h3>vips_zoom ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_zoom (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> xfac</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> yfac</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Zoom an image by repeating pixels. This is fast nearest-neighbour
zoom.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html#vips-affine" title="vips_affine ()"><code class="function">vips_affine()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-subsample" title="vips_subsample ()"><code class="function">vips_subsample()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-zoom.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>xfac</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>horizontal scale factor</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>yfac</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>vertical scale factor</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-zoom.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-subsample"></a><h3>vips_subsample ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_subsample (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> xfac</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> yfac</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>point</code></em>
: turn on point sample mode</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Subsample an image by an integer fraction. This is fast, nearest-neighbour
shrink.</p>
<p>For small horizontal shrinks, this operation will fetch lines of pixels
from <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
and then subsample that line. For large shrinks it will fetch
single pixels.</p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>point</code></em>
is set, <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
will always be sampled in points. This can be faster
if the previous operations in the pipeline are very slow.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html#vips-affine" title="vips_affine ()"><code class="function">vips_affine()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html#vips-shrink" title="vips_shrink ()"><code class="function">vips_shrink()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-zoom" title="vips_zoom ()"><code class="function">vips_zoom()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-subsample.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>xfac</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>horizontal shrink factor</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>yfac</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>vertical shrink factor</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-subsample.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast"></a><h3>vips_cast ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VipsBandFormat" title="enum VipsBandFormat"><span class="type">VipsBandFormat</span></a> format</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>shift</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gboolean</code>, integer values are shifted</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <em class="parameter"><code>format</code></em>
. You can convert between any pair of formats.
Floats are truncated (not rounded). Out of range values are clipped.</p>
<p>Casting from complex to real returns the real part. </p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>shift</code></em>
is <code class="literal">TRUE</code>, integer values are shifted up and down. For example,
casting from unsigned 8 bit to unsigned 16 bit would
shift every value left by 8 bits. The bottom bit is copied into the new
bits, so 255 would become 65535. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-scale" title="vips_scale ()"><code class="function">vips_scale()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#vips-complexform" title="vips_complexform ()"><code class="function">vips_complexform()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#vips-real" title="vips_real ()"><code class="function">vips_real()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#vips-imag" title="vips_imag ()"><code class="function">vips_imag()</code></a>,
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast-uchar" title="vips_cast_uchar ()"><code class="function">vips_cast_uchar()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-msb" title="vips_msb ()"><code class="function">vips_msb()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>format</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>format to convert to</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-uchar"></a><h3>vips_cast_uchar ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_uchar (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-UCHAR:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-uchar.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-uchar.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-char"></a><h3>vips_cast_char ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_char (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-CHAR:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_CHAR</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-char.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-char.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-ushort"></a><h3>vips_cast_ushort ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_ushort (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-USHORT:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_USHORT</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-ushort.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-ushort.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-short"></a><h3>vips_cast_short ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_short (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-SHORT:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_SHORT</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-short.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-short.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-uint"></a><h3>vips_cast_uint ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_uint (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-UINT:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_UINT</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-uint.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-uint.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-int"></a><h3>vips_cast_int ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_int (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-INT:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_INT</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-int.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-int.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-float"></a><h3>vips_cast_float ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_float (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-FLOAT:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_FLOAT</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-float.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-float.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-double"></a><h3>vips_cast_double ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_double (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-DOUBLE:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_DOUBLE</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-double.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-double.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-complex"></a><h3>vips_cast_complex ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_complex (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-COMPLEX:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_COMPLEX</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-complex.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-complex.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-cast-dpcomplex"></a><h3>vips_cast_dpcomplex ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_cast_dpcomplex (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Convert <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-DPCOMPLEX:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_DPCOMPLEX</span></a>. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-dpcomplex.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-cast-dpcomplex.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-scale"></a><h3>vips_scale ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_scale (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>log</code></em>
: log scale pixels</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>exp</code></em>
: exponent for log scale</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>Search the image for the maximum and minimum value, then return the image
as unsigned 8-bit, scaled so that the maximum value is 255 and the
minimum is zero.</p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>log</code></em>
is set, transform with log10(1.0 + pow(x, <em class="parameter"><code>exp</code></em>
)) + .5,
then scale so max == 255. By default, <em class="parameter"><code>exp</code></em>
is 0.25.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-scale.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-scale.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-msb"></a><h3>vips_msb ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_msb (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>band</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gint</code>, msb just this band</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Turn any integer image to 8-bit unsigned char by discarding all but the most
significant byte. Signed values are converted to unsigned by adding 128.</p>
<p>Use <em class="parameter"><code>band</code></em>
to make a one-band 8-bit image. </p>
<p>This operator also works for LABQ coding.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-scale" title="vips_scale ()"><code class="function">vips_scale()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-cast" title="vips_cast ()"><code class="function">vips_cast()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-msb.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-msb.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-byteswap"></a><h3>vips_byteswap ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_byteswap (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Swap the byte order in an image. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="VipsForeignSave.html#vips-rawload" title="vips_rawload ()"><code class="function">vips_rawload()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-byteswap.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-byteswap.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandjoin"></a><h3>vips_bandjoin ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandjoin (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> n</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Join a set of images together, bandwise. </p>
<p>If the images
have n and m bands, then the output image will have n + m
bands, with the first n coming from the first image and the last m
from the second. </p>
<p>If the images differ in size, the smaller images are enlarged to match the
larger by adding zero pixels along the bottom and right.</p>
<p>The input images are cast up to the smallest common type (see table
Smallest common format in </p>
<a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html" title="arithmetic">arithmetic</a>).
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-insert" title="vips_insert ()"><code class="function">vips_insert()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandjoin.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> array of input images. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> length=n][<acronym title="Don't free data after the code is done."><span class="acronym">transfer none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>n</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>number of input images</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandjoin.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandjoin2"></a><h3>vips_bandjoin2 ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandjoin2 (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in1</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in2</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Join a pair of images together, bandwise. See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandjoin" title="vips_bandjoin ()"><code class="function">vips_bandjoin()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandjoin2.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in1</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>first input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in2</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>second input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandjoin2.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandjoin-const"></a><h3>vips_bandjoin_const ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandjoin_const (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">double</span> *c</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> n</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Append a set of constant bands to an image. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandjoin" title="vips_bandjoin ()"><code class="function">vips_bandjoin()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandjoin-const.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> array of input images. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> length=n][<acronym title="Don't free data after the code is done."><span class="acronym">transfer none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>c</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> array of constants to append. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> length=n]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>n</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>number of constants</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandjoin-const.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandjoin-const1"></a><h3>vips_bandjoin_const1 ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandjoin_const1 (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">double</span> c</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Append a single constant band to an image.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandjoin-const1.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>c</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>constant to append</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandjoin-const1.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandrank"></a><h3>vips_bandrank ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandrank (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><span class="type">int</span> n</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>index</code></em>
: pick this index from list of sorted values</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Sorts the images <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
band-element-wise, then outputs an
image in which each band element is selected from the sorted list by the
<em class="parameter"><code>index</code></em>
parameter. For example, if <em class="parameter"><code>index</code></em>
is zero, then each output band element will be the minimum of all the
corresponding input band elements. </p>
<p>By default, <em class="parameter"><code>index</code></em>
is -1, meaning pick the median value. </p>
<p>It works for any uncoded, non-complex image type. Images are cast up to the
smallest common-format.</p>
<p>Any image can have either 1 band or n bands, where n is the same for all
the non-1-band images. Single band images are then effectively copied to
make n-band images.</p>
<p>Smaller input images are expanded by adding black pixels.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-morphology.html#vips-rank" title="vips_rank ()"><code class="function">vips_rank()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandrank.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>array of input images</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>n</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>number of input images</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandrank.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandfold"></a><h3>vips_bandfold ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandfold (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>factor</code></em>
: fold by this factor</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Fold up an image horizontally: width is collapsed into bands.
Use <em class="parameter"><code>factor</code></em>
to set how much to fold by: <em class="parameter"><code>factor</code></em>
3, for example, will make
the output image three times narrower than the input, and with three times
as many bands. By default the whole of the input width is folded up. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="VipsForeignSave.html#vips-csvload" title="vips_csvload ()"><code class="function">vips_csvload()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandunfold" title="vips_bandunfold ()"><code class="function">vips_bandunfold()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandfold.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandfold.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandunfold"></a><h3>vips_bandunfold ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandunfold (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>factor</code></em>
: unfold by this factor</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Unfold image bands into x axis.
Use <em class="parameter"><code>factor</code></em>
to set how much to unfold by: <em class="parameter"><code>factor</code></em>
3, for example, will make
the output image three times wider than the input, and with one third
as many bands. By default, all bands are unfolded.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="VipsForeignSave.html#vips-csvload" title="vips_csvload ()"><code class="function">vips_csvload()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandfold" title="vips_bandfold ()"><code class="function">vips_bandfold()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandunfold.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandunfold.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandbool"></a><h3>vips_bandbool ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandbool (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#VipsOperationBoolean" title="enum VipsOperationBoolean"><span class="type">VipsOperationBoolean</span></a> boolean</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Perform various boolean operations across the bands of an image. For
example, a three-band uchar image operated on with
<a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#VIPS-OPERATION-BOOLEAN-AND:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND</span></a> will produce a one-band uchar image where each
pixel is the bitwise and of the band elements of the corresponding pixel in
the input image. </p>
<p>The output image is the same format as the input image for integer
types. Float types are cast to int before processing. Complex types are not
supported.</p>
<p>The output image always has one band. </p>
<p>This operation is useful in conjuction with <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#vips-relational" title="vips_relational ()"><code class="function">vips_relational()</code></a>. You can use
it to see if all image bands match exactly. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#vips-boolean-const" title="vips_boolean_const ()"><code class="function">vips_boolean_const()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandbool.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>left-hand input <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>boolean</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>boolean operation to perform</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandbool.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandand"></a><h3>vips_bandand ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandand (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Perform <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#VIPS-OPERATION-BOOLEAN-AND:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND</span></a> on an image. See
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandbool" title="vips_bandbool ()"><code class="function">vips_bandbool()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandand.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>left-hand input <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandand.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandor"></a><h3>vips_bandor ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandor (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Perform <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#VIPS-OPERATION-BOOLEAN-OR:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_OR</span></a> on an image. See
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandbool" title="vips_bandbool ()"><code class="function">vips_bandbool()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandor.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>left-hand input <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandor.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandeor"></a><h3>vips_bandeor ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandeor (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Perform <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#VIPS-OPERATION-BOOLEAN-EOR:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_EOR</span></a> on an image. See
<a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandbool" title="vips_bandbool ()"><code class="function">vips_bandbool()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandeor.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>left-hand input <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandeor.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-bandmean"></a><h3>vips_bandmean ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_bandmean (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>This operation writes a one-band image where each pixel is the average of
the bands for that pixel in the input image. The output band format is
the same as the input band format. Integer types use round-to-nearest
averaging.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#vips-add" title="vips_add ()"><code class="function">vips_add()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#vips-avg" title="vips_avg ()"><code class="function">vips_avg()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-recomb" title="vips_recomb ()"><code class="function">vips_recomb()</code></a></p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandmean.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-bandmean.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-recomb"></a><h3>vips_recomb ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_recomb (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *m</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>This operation recombines an image's bands. Each pixel in <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
is treated as
an n-element vector, where n is the number of bands in <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
, and multipled by
the n x m matrix <em class="parameter"><code>m</code></em>
to produce the m-band image <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
.</p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
is always float, unless <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
is double, in which case <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
is double
too. No complex images allowed.</p>
<p>It's useful for various sorts of colour space conversions.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandmean" title="vips_bandmean ()"><code class="function">vips_bandmean()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-recomb.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>m</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>recombination matrix</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-recomb.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-ifthenelse"></a><h3>vips_ifthenelse ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_ifthenelse (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *cond</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in1</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in2</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>blend</code></em>
: blend smoothly between <em class="parameter"><code>in1</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>in2</code></em>
</p></li></ul></div>
<p>This operation scans the condition image <em class="parameter"><code>cond</code></em>
and uses it to select pixels from either the then image <em class="parameter"><code>in1</code></em>
or the else
image <em class="parameter"><code>in2</code></em>
. Non-zero means <em class="parameter"><code>in1</code></em>
, 0 means <em class="parameter"><code>in2</code></em>
.</p>
<p>Any image can have either 1 band or n bands, where n is the same for all
the non-1-band images. Single band images are then effectively copied to
make n-band images.</p>
<p>Images <em class="parameter"><code>in1</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>in2</code></em>
are cast up to the smallest common format. <em class="parameter"><code>cond</code></em>
is
cast to uchar.</p>
<p>If the images differ in size, the smaller images are enlarged to match the
largest by adding zero pixels along the bottom and right.</p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>blend</code></em>
is <code class="literal">TRUE</code>, then values in <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
are smoothly blended between <em class="parameter"><code>in1</code></em>
and <em class="parameter"><code>in2</code></em>
using the formula:</p>
<p> <em class="parameter"><code>out</code></em>
= (<em class="parameter"><code>cond</code></em>
/ 255) * <em class="parameter"><code>in1</code></em>
+ (1 - <em class="parameter"><code>cond</code></em>
/ 255) * <em class="parameter"><code>in2</code></em>
</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#vips-equal" title="vips_equal ()"><code class="function">vips_equal()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-ifthenelse.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>cond</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>condition <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in1</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>then <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in2</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>else <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-ifthenelse.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-flatten"></a><h3>vips_flatten ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_flatten (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
: <a class="link" href="libvips-type.html#VipsArrayDouble"><span class="type">VipsArrayDouble</span></a> colour for new pixels </p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>max_alpha</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gdouble</code>, maximum value for alpha</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>Take the last band of <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
as an alpha and use it to blend the
remaining channels with <em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
. </p>
<p>The alpha channel is 0 - <em class="parameter"><code>max_alpha</code></em>
,
where 1 means 100% image and 0
means 100% background.
Non-complex images only.
<em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
defaults to zero (black). </p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>max_alpha</code></em>
has the default value 255, or 65535 for images tagged as
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-INTERPRETATION-RGB16:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB16</span></a> or
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-INTERPRETATION-GREY16:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_INTERPRETATION_GREY16</span></a>. </p>
<p>Useful for flattening PNG images to RGB.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-premultiply" title="vips_premultiply ()"><code class="function">vips_premultiply()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="VipsForeignSave.html#vips-pngload" title="vips_pngload ()"><code class="function">vips_pngload()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-flatten.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-flatten.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-premultiply"></a><h3>vips_premultiply ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_premultiply (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>max_alpha</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gdouble</code>, maximum value for alpha</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Premultiplies any alpha channel.
The final band is taken to be the alpha
and the bands are transformed as:</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<table class="listing_frame" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="listing_lines" align="right"><pre>1
2
3</pre></td>
<td class="listing_code"><pre class="programlisting">alpha <span class="gtkdoc opt">=</span> <span class="function">clip</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">(</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">,</span> in<span class="gtkdoc opt">[</span>in<span class="gtkdoc opt">.</span>bands <span class="gtkdoc opt">-</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">],</span> @max_alpha <span class="gtkdoc opt">);</span>
norm <span class="gtkdoc opt">=</span> alpha <span class="gtkdoc opt">/</span> @max_alpha<span class="gtkdoc opt">;</span>
out <span class="gtkdoc opt">= [</span>in<span class="gtkdoc opt">[</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">] *</span> norm<span class="gtkdoc opt">, ...,</span> in<span class="gtkdoc opt">[</span>in<span class="gtkdoc opt">.</span>bands <span class="gtkdoc opt">-</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">] *</span> norm<span class="gtkdoc opt">,</span> alpha<span class="gtkdoc opt">];</span></pre></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p></p>
<p>So for an N-band image, the first N - 1 bands are multiplied by the clipped
and normalised final band, the final band is clipped.
If there is only a single band,
the image is passed through unaltered.</p>
<p>The result is
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-FLOAT:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_FLOAT</span></a> unless the input format is <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-DOUBLE:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_DOUBLE</span></a>, in which
case the output is double as well.</p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>max_alpha</code></em>
has the default value 255, or 65535 for images tagged as
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-INTERPRETATION-RGB16:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB16</span></a> or
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-INTERPRETATION-GREY16:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_INTERPRETATION_GREY16</span></a>. </p>
<p>Non-complex images only.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-unpremultiply" title="vips_unpremultiply ()"><code class="function">vips_unpremultiply()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-flatten" title="vips_flatten ()"><code class="function">vips_flatten()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-premultiply.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-premultiply.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-unpremultiply"></a><h3>vips_unpremultiply ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_unpremultiply (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>max_alpha</code></em>
: <code class="literal">gdouble</code>, maximum value for alpha</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Unpremultiplies any alpha channel.
The final band is taken to be the alpha
and the bands are transformed as:</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<table class="listing_frame" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="listing_lines" align="right"><pre>1
2
3
4
5
6</pre></td>
<td class="listing_code"><pre class="programlisting">alpha <span class="gtkdoc opt">= (</span><span class="gtkdoc kwb">int</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">)</span> <span class="function">clip</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">(</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">,</span> in<span class="gtkdoc opt">[</span>in<span class="gtkdoc opt">.</span>bands <span class="gtkdoc opt">-</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">],</span> @max_alpha <span class="gtkdoc opt">);</span>
norm <span class="gtkdoc opt">= (</span><span class="gtkdoc kwb">double</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">)</span> alpha <span class="gtkdoc opt">/</span> @max_alpha<span class="gtkdoc opt">;</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">(</span> alpha <span class="gtkdoc opt">==</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="gtkdoc opt">)</span>
out <span class="gtkdoc opt">= [</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">, ...,</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">,</span> alpha<span class="gtkdoc opt">];</span>
<span class="keyword">else</span>
out <span class="gtkdoc opt">= [</span>in<span class="gtkdoc opt">[</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">] /</span> norm<span class="gtkdoc opt">, ...,</span> in<span class="gtkdoc opt">[</span>in<span class="gtkdoc opt">.</span>bands <span class="gtkdoc opt">-</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="gtkdoc opt">] /</span> norm<span class="gtkdoc opt">,</span> alpha<span class="gtkdoc opt">];</span></pre></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p></p>
<p>So for an N-band image, the first N - 1 bands are divided by the clipped
and normalised final band, the final band is clipped.
If there is only a single band,
the image is passed through unaltered.</p>
<p>The result is
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-FLOAT:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_FLOAT</span></a> unless the input format is <a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-FORMAT-DOUBLE:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_FORMAT_DOUBLE</span></a>, in which
case the output is double as well.</p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>max_alpha</code></em>
has the default value 255, or 65535 for images tagged as
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-INTERPRETATION-RGB16:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB16</span></a> or
<a class="link" href="VipsImage.html#VIPS-INTERPRETATION-GREY16:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_INTERPRETATION_GREY16</span></a>. </p>
<p>Non-complex images only.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-premultiply" title="vips_premultiply ()"><code class="function">vips_premultiply()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-flatten" title="vips_flatten ()"><code class="function">vips_flatten()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-unpremultiply.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-unpremultiply.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-falsecolour"></a><h3>vips_falsecolour ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_falsecolour (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Force <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
to 1 band, 8-bit, then transform to
a 3-band 8-bit image with a false colour
map. The map is supposed to make small differences in brightness more
obvious.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-histogram.html#vips-maplut" title="vips_maplut ()"><code class="function">vips_maplut()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-falsecolour.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-falsecolour.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="vips-gamma"></a><h3>vips_gamma ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">int</span>
vips_gamma (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> *in</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="VipsImage.html" title="VipsImage"><span class="type">VipsImage</span></a> **out</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>...</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Optional arguments:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><em class="parameter"><code>exponent</code></em>
: gamma, default 1.0 / 2.4</p></li></ul></div>
<p>Calculate <em class="parameter"><code>in</code></em>
** (1 / <em class="parameter"><code>exponent</code></em>
), normalising to the maximum range of the
input type. For float types use 1.0 as the maximum. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-create.html#vips-identity" title="vips_identity ()"><code class="function">vips_identity()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-arithmetic.html#vips-pow-const1" title="vips_pow_const1 ()"><code class="function">vips_pow_const1()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-histogram.html#vips-maplut" title="vips_maplut ()"><code class="function">vips_maplut()</code></a></p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-gamma.parameters"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>in</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>input image </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>out</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>output image</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>...</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p><code class="literal">NULL</code>-terminated list of optional named arguments</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="vips-gamma.returns"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> 0 on success, -1 on error</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="libvips-conversion.other_details"></a><h2>Types and Values</h2>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="VipsExtend"></a><h3>enum VipsExtend</h3>
<p>See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-embed" title="vips_embed ()"><code class="function">vips_embed()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-convolution.html#vips-conv" title="vips_conv ()"><code class="function">vips_conv()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html#vips-affine" title="vips_affine ()"><code class="function">vips_affine()</code></a> and so on.</p>
<p>When the edges of an image are extended, you can specify
how you want the extension done. </p>
<p><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VIPS-EXTEND-BLACK:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_EXTEND_BLACK</span></a> --- new pixels are black, ie. all bits are zero. </p>
<p><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VIPS-EXTEND-COPY:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_EXTEND_COPY</span></a> --- each new pixel takes the value of the nearest edge
pixel</p>
<p><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VIPS-EXTEND-REPEAT:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_EXTEND_REPEAT</span></a> --- the image is tiled to fill the new area</p>
<p><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VIPS-EXTEND-MIRROR:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_EXTEND_MIRROR</span></a> --- the image is reflected and tiled to reduce hash
edges</p>
<p><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VIPS-EXTEND-WHITE:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_EXTEND_WHITE</span></a> --- new pixels are white, ie. all bits are set</p>
<p><a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#VIPS-EXTEND-BACKGROUND:CAPS"><span class="type">VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND</span></a> --- colour set from the <em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
property</p>
<p>We have to specify the exact value of each enum member since we have to
keep these frozen for back compat with vips7.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-embed" title="vips_embed ()"><code class="function">vips_embed()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="VipsExtend.members"></a><h4>Members</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="300px" class="enum_members_name">
<col class="enum_members_description">
<col width="200px" class="enum_members_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-EXTEND-BLACK:CAPS"></a>VIPS_EXTEND_BLACK</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>extend with black (all 0) pixels</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-EXTEND-COPY:CAPS"></a>VIPS_EXTEND_COPY</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>copy the image edges</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-EXTEND-REPEAT:CAPS"></a>VIPS_EXTEND_REPEAT</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>repeat the whole image</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-EXTEND-MIRROR:CAPS"></a>VIPS_EXTEND_MIRROR</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>mirror the whole image</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-EXTEND-WHITE:CAPS"></a>VIPS_EXTEND_WHITE</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>extend with white (all bits set) pixels</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-EXTEND-BACKGROUND:CAPS"></a>VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>extend with colour from the <em class="parameter"><code>background</code></em>
property</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-EXTEND-LAST:CAPS"></a>VIPS_EXTEND_LAST</p></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="VipsDirection"></a><h3>enum VipsDirection</h3>
<p>See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-flip" title="vips_flip ()"><code class="function">vips_flip()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-join" title="vips_join ()"><code class="function">vips_join()</code></a> and so on.</p>
<p>Operations like <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-flip" title="vips_flip ()"><code class="function">vips_flip()</code></a> need to be told whether to flip left-right or
top-bottom. </p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-flip" title="vips_flip ()"><code class="function">vips_flip()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-join" title="vips_join ()"><code class="function">vips_join()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="VipsDirection.members"></a><h4>Members</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="300px" class="enum_members_name">
<col class="enum_members_description">
<col width="200px" class="enum_members_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-DIRECTION-HORIZONTAL:CAPS"></a>VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>left-right </p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-DIRECTION-VERTICAL:CAPS"></a>VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>top-bottom</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-DIRECTION-LAST:CAPS"></a>VIPS_DIRECTION_LAST</p></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="VipsAlign"></a><h3>enum VipsAlign</h3>
<p>See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-join" title="vips_join ()"><code class="function">vips_join()</code></a> and so on.</p>
<p>Operations like <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-join" title="vips_join ()"><code class="function">vips_join()</code></a> need to be told whether to align images on the
low or high coordinate edge, or centre.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-join" title="vips_join ()"><code class="function">vips_join()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="VipsAlign.members"></a><h4>Members</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="300px" class="enum_members_name">
<col class="enum_members_description">
<col width="200px" class="enum_members_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ALIGN-LOW:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ALIGN_LOW</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>align low coordinate edge</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ALIGN-CENTRE:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ALIGN_CENTRE</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>align centre</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ALIGN-HIGH:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ALIGN_HIGH</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>align high coordinate edge</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ALIGN-LAST:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ALIGN_LAST</p></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="VipsAngle"></a><h3>enum VipsAngle</h3>
<p>See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot" title="vips_rot ()"><code class="function">vips_rot()</code></a> and so on.</p>
<p>Fixed rotate angles.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot" title="vips_rot ()"><code class="function">vips_rot()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="VipsAngle.members"></a><h4>Members</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="300px" class="enum_members_name">
<col class="enum_members_description">
<col width="200px" class="enum_members_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE-D0:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE_D0</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>no rotate</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE-D90:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE_D90</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>90 degrees clockwise</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE-D180:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE_D180</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>180 degree rotate</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE-D270:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE_D270</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>90 degrees anti-clockwise</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE-LAST:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE_LAST</p></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="VipsAngle45"></a><h3>enum VipsAngle45</h3>
<p>See <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot45" title="vips_rot45 ()"><code class="function">vips_rot45()</code></a> and so on.</p>
<p>Fixed rotate angles.</p>
<p>See also: <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot45" title="vips_rot45 ()"><code class="function">vips_rot45()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="VipsAngle45.members"></a><h4>Members</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="300px" class="enum_members_name">
<col class="enum_members_description">
<col width="200px" class="enum_members_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE45-D0:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE45_D0</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>no rotate</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE45-D45:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE45_D45</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>45 degrees clockwise </p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE45-D90:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE45_D90</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>90 degrees clockwise</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE45-D135:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE45_D135</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>135 degrees clockwise</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE45-D180:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE45_D180</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>180 degrees </p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE45-D225:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE45_D225</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>135 degrees anti-clockwise</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE45-D270:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE45_D270</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>90 degrees anti-clockwise</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE45-D315:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE45_D315</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>45 degrees anti-clockwise</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="VIPS-ANGLE45-LAST:CAPS"></a>VIPS_ANGLE45_LAST</p></td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="libvips-conversion.see-also"></a><h2>See Also</h2>
<a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html" title="resample">resample</a>
</div>
</div>
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