This file is indexed.

/usr/lib/python3.7/test/test_urllib.py is in libpython3.7-testsuite 3.7.0~b3-1.

This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.

The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
"""Regression tests for what was in Python 2's "urllib" module"""

import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
import urllib.error
import http.client
import email.message
import io
import unittest
from unittest.mock import patch
from test import support
import os
try:
    import ssl
except ImportError:
    ssl = None
import sys
import tempfile
from nturl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url

from base64 import b64encode
import collections


def hexescape(char):
    """Escape char as RFC 2396 specifies"""
    hex_repr = hex(ord(char))[2:].upper()
    if len(hex_repr) == 1:
        hex_repr = "0%s" % hex_repr
    return "%" + hex_repr

# Shortcut for testing FancyURLopener
_urlopener = None


def urlopen(url, data=None, proxies=None):
    """urlopen(url [, data]) -> open file-like object"""
    global _urlopener
    if proxies is not None:
        opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener(proxies=proxies)
    elif not _urlopener:
        opener = FancyURLopener()
        _urlopener = opener
    else:
        opener = _urlopener
    if data is None:
        return opener.open(url)
    else:
        return opener.open(url, data)


def FancyURLopener():
    with support.check_warnings(
            ('FancyURLopener style of invoking requests is deprecated.',
            DeprecationWarning)):
        return urllib.request.FancyURLopener()


def fakehttp(fakedata):
    class FakeSocket(io.BytesIO):
        io_refs = 1

        def sendall(self, data):
            FakeHTTPConnection.buf = data

        def makefile(self, *args, **kwds):
            self.io_refs += 1
            return self

        def read(self, amt=None):
            if self.closed:
                return b""
            return io.BytesIO.read(self, amt)

        def readline(self, length=None):
            if self.closed:
                return b""
            return io.BytesIO.readline(self, length)

        def close(self):
            self.io_refs -= 1
            if self.io_refs == 0:
                io.BytesIO.close(self)

    class FakeHTTPConnection(http.client.HTTPConnection):

        # buffer to store data for verification in urlopen tests.
        buf = None

        def connect(self):
            self.sock = FakeSocket(self.fakedata)
            type(self).fakesock = self.sock
    FakeHTTPConnection.fakedata = fakedata

    return FakeHTTPConnection


class FakeHTTPMixin(object):
    def fakehttp(self, fakedata):
        self._connection_class = http.client.HTTPConnection
        http.client.HTTPConnection = fakehttp(fakedata)

    def unfakehttp(self):
        http.client.HTTPConnection = self._connection_class


class FakeFTPMixin(object):
    def fakeftp(self):
        class FakeFtpWrapper(object):
            def __init__(self,  user, passwd, host, port, dirs, timeout=None,
                     persistent=True):
                pass

            def retrfile(self, file, type):
                return io.BytesIO(), 0

            def close(self):
                pass

        self._ftpwrapper_class = urllib.request.ftpwrapper
        urllib.request.ftpwrapper = FakeFtpWrapper

    def unfakeftp(self):
        urllib.request.ftpwrapper = self._ftpwrapper_class


class urlopen_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Test urlopen() opening a temporary file.

    Try to test as much functionality as possible so as to cut down on reliance
    on connecting to the Net for testing.

    """

    def setUp(self):
        # Create a temp file to use for testing
        self.text = bytes("test_urllib: %s\n" % self.__class__.__name__,
                          "ascii")
        f = open(support.TESTFN, 'wb')
        try:
            f.write(self.text)
        finally:
            f.close()
        self.pathname = support.TESTFN
        self.returned_obj = urlopen("file:%s" % self.pathname)

    def tearDown(self):
        """Shut down the open object"""
        self.returned_obj.close()
        os.remove(support.TESTFN)

    def test_interface(self):
        # Make sure object returned by urlopen() has the specified methods
        for attr in ("read", "readline", "readlines", "fileno",
                     "close", "info", "geturl", "getcode", "__iter__"):
            self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.returned_obj, attr),
                         "object returned by urlopen() lacks %s attribute" %
                         attr)

    def test_read(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.text, self.returned_obj.read())

    def test_readline(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.text, self.returned_obj.readline())
        self.assertEqual(b'', self.returned_obj.readline(),
                         "calling readline() after exhausting the file did not"
                         " return an empty string")

    def test_readlines(self):
        lines_list = self.returned_obj.readlines()
        self.assertEqual(len(lines_list), 1,
                         "readlines() returned the wrong number of lines")
        self.assertEqual(lines_list[0], self.text,
                         "readlines() returned improper text")

    def test_fileno(self):
        file_num = self.returned_obj.fileno()
        self.assertIsInstance(file_num, int, "fileno() did not return an int")
        self.assertEqual(os.read(file_num, len(self.text)), self.text,
                         "Reading on the file descriptor returned by fileno() "
                         "did not return the expected text")

    def test_close(self):
        # Test close() by calling it here and then having it be called again
        # by the tearDown() method for the test
        self.returned_obj.close()

    def test_info(self):
        self.assertIsInstance(self.returned_obj.info(), email.message.Message)

    def test_geturl(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.returned_obj.geturl(), self.pathname)

    def test_getcode(self):
        self.assertIsNone(self.returned_obj.getcode())

    def test_iter(self):
        # Test iterator
        # Don't need to count number of iterations since test would fail the
        # instant it returned anything beyond the first line from the
        # comparison.
        # Use the iterator in the usual implicit way to test for ticket #4608.
        for line in self.returned_obj:
            self.assertEqual(line, self.text)

    def test_relativelocalfile(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError,urllib.request.urlopen,'./' + self.pathname)


class ProxyTests(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        # Records changes to env vars
        self.env = support.EnvironmentVarGuard()
        # Delete all proxy related env vars
        for k in list(os.environ):
            if 'proxy' in k.lower():
                self.env.unset(k)

    def tearDown(self):
        # Restore all proxy related env vars
        self.env.__exit__()
        del self.env

    def test_getproxies_environment_keep_no_proxies(self):
        self.env.set('NO_PROXY', 'localhost')
        proxies = urllib.request.getproxies_environment()
        # getproxies_environment use lowered case truncated (no '_proxy') keys
        self.assertEqual('localhost', proxies['no'])
        # List of no_proxies with space.
        self.env.set('NO_PROXY', 'localhost, anotherdomain.com, newdomain.com:1234')
        self.assertTrue(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('anotherdomain.com'))
        self.assertTrue(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('anotherdomain.com:8888'))
        self.assertTrue(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('newdomain.com:1234'))

    def test_proxy_cgi_ignore(self):
        try:
            self.env.set('HTTP_PROXY', 'http://somewhere:3128')
            proxies = urllib.request.getproxies_environment()
            self.assertEqual('http://somewhere:3128', proxies['http'])
            self.env.set('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET')
            proxies = urllib.request.getproxies_environment()
            self.assertNotIn('http', proxies)
        finally:
            self.env.unset('REQUEST_METHOD')
            self.env.unset('HTTP_PROXY')

    def test_proxy_bypass_environment_host_match(self):
        bypass = urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment
        self.env.set('NO_PROXY',
                     'localhost, anotherdomain.com, newdomain.com:1234, .d.o.t')
        self.assertTrue(bypass('localhost'))
        self.assertTrue(bypass('LocalHost'))                 # MixedCase
        self.assertTrue(bypass('LOCALHOST'))                 # UPPERCASE
        self.assertTrue(bypass('newdomain.com:1234'))
        self.assertTrue(bypass('foo.d.o.t'))                 # issue 29142
        self.assertTrue(bypass('anotherdomain.com:8888'))
        self.assertTrue(bypass('www.newdomain.com:1234'))
        self.assertFalse(bypass('prelocalhost'))
        self.assertFalse(bypass('newdomain.com'))            # no port
        self.assertFalse(bypass('newdomain.com:1235'))       # wrong port


class ProxyTests_withOrderedEnv(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        # We need to test conditions, where variable order _is_ significant
        self._saved_env = os.environ
        # Monkey patch os.environ, start with empty fake environment
        os.environ = collections.OrderedDict()

    def tearDown(self):
        os.environ = self._saved_env

    def test_getproxies_environment_prefer_lowercase(self):
        # Test lowercase preference with removal
        os.environ['no_proxy'] = ''
        os.environ['No_Proxy'] = 'localhost'
        self.assertFalse(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('localhost'))
        self.assertFalse(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('arbitrary'))
        os.environ['http_proxy'] = ''
        os.environ['HTTP_PROXY'] = 'http://somewhere:3128'
        proxies = urllib.request.getproxies_environment()
        self.assertEqual({}, proxies)
        # Test lowercase preference of proxy bypass and correct matching including ports
        os.environ['no_proxy'] = 'localhost, noproxy.com, my.proxy:1234'
        os.environ['No_Proxy'] = 'xyz.com'
        self.assertTrue(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('localhost'))
        self.assertTrue(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('noproxy.com:5678'))
        self.assertTrue(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('my.proxy:1234'))
        self.assertFalse(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('my.proxy'))
        self.assertFalse(urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment('arbitrary'))
        # Test lowercase preference with replacement
        os.environ['http_proxy'] = 'http://somewhere:3128'
        os.environ['Http_Proxy'] = 'http://somewhereelse:3128'
        proxies = urllib.request.getproxies_environment()
        self.assertEqual('http://somewhere:3128', proxies['http'])


class urlopen_HttpTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeHTTPMixin, FakeFTPMixin):
    """Test urlopen() opening a fake http connection."""

    def check_read(self, ver):
        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/" + ver + b" 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
        try:
            fp = urlopen("http://python.org/")
            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"Hello!")
            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"")
            self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), 'http://python.org/')
            self.assertEqual(fp.getcode(), 200)
        finally:
            self.unfakehttp()

    def test_url_fragment(self):
        # Issue #11703: geturl() omits fragments in the original URL.
        url = 'http://docs.python.org/library/urllib.html#OK'
        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
        try:
            fp = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
            self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), url)
        finally:
            self.unfakehttp()

    def test_willclose(self):
        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
        try:
            resp = urlopen("http://www.python.org")
            self.assertTrue(resp.fp.will_close)
        finally:
            self.unfakehttp()

    def test_read_0_9(self):
        # "0.9" response accepted (but not "simple responses" without
        # a status line)
        self.check_read(b"0.9")

    def test_read_1_0(self):
        self.check_read(b"1.0")

    def test_read_1_1(self):
        self.check_read(b"1.1")

    def test_read_bogus(self):
        # urlopen() should raise OSError for many error codes.
        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 401 Authentication Required
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
''')
        try:
            self.assertRaises(OSError, urlopen, "http://python.org/")
        finally:
            self.unfakehttp()

    def test_invalid_redirect(self):
        # urlopen() should raise OSError for many error codes.
        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
Location: file://guidocomputer.athome.com:/python/license
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
''')
        try:
            msg = "Redirection to url 'file:"
            with self.assertRaisesRegex(urllib.error.HTTPError, msg):
                urlopen("http://python.org/")
        finally:
            self.unfakehttp()

    def test_redirect_limit_independent(self):
        # Ticket #12923: make sure independent requests each use their
        # own retry limit.
        for i in range(FancyURLopener().maxtries):
            self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: file://guidocomputer.athome.com:/python/license
Connection: close
''')
            try:
                self.assertRaises(urllib.error.HTTPError, urlopen,
                    "http://something")
            finally:
                self.unfakehttp()

    def test_empty_socket(self):
        # urlopen() raises OSError if the underlying socket does not send any
        # data. (#1680230)
        self.fakehttp(b'')
        try:
            self.assertRaises(OSError, urlopen, "http://something")
        finally:
            self.unfakehttp()

    def test_missing_localfile(self):
        # Test for #10836
        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError) as e:
            urlopen('file://localhost/a/file/which/doesnot/exists.py')
        self.assertTrue(e.exception.filename)
        self.assertTrue(e.exception.reason)

    def test_file_notexists(self):
        fd, tmp_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
        tmp_fileurl = 'file://localhost/' + tmp_file.replace(os.path.sep, '/')
        try:
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(tmp_file))
            with urlopen(tmp_fileurl) as fobj:
                self.assertTrue(fobj)
        finally:
            os.close(fd)
            os.unlink(tmp_file)
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(tmp_file))
        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError):
            urlopen(tmp_fileurl)

    def test_ftp_nohost(self):
        test_ftp_url = 'ftp:///path'
        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError) as e:
            urlopen(test_ftp_url)
        self.assertFalse(e.exception.filename)
        self.assertTrue(e.exception.reason)

    def test_ftp_nonexisting(self):
        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError) as e:
            urlopen('ftp://localhost/a/file/which/doesnot/exists.py')
        self.assertFalse(e.exception.filename)
        self.assertTrue(e.exception.reason)

    @patch.object(urllib.request, 'MAXFTPCACHE', 0)
    def test_ftp_cache_pruning(self):
        self.fakeftp()
        try:
            urllib.request.ftpcache['test'] = urllib.request.ftpwrapper('user', 'pass', 'localhost', 21, [])
            urlopen('ftp://localhost')
        finally:
            self.unfakeftp()

    def test_userpass_inurl(self):
        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
        try:
            fp = urlopen("http://user:pass@python.org/")
            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"Hello!")
            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"")
            self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), 'http://user:pass@python.org/')
            self.assertEqual(fp.getcode(), 200)
        finally:
            self.unfakehttp()

    def test_userpass_inurl_w_spaces(self):
        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
        try:
            userpass = "a b:c d"
            url = "http://{}@python.org/".format(userpass)
            fakehttp_wrapper = http.client.HTTPConnection
            authorization = ("Authorization: Basic %s\r\n" %
                             b64encode(userpass.encode("ASCII")).decode("ASCII"))
            fp = urlopen(url)
            # The authorization header must be in place
            self.assertIn(authorization, fakehttp_wrapper.buf.decode("UTF-8"))
            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"Hello!")
            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"")
            # the spaces are quoted in URL so no match
            self.assertNotEqual(fp.geturl(), url)
            self.assertEqual(fp.getcode(), 200)
        finally:
            self.unfakehttp()

    def test_URLopener_deprecation(self):
        with support.check_warnings(('',DeprecationWarning)):
            urllib.request.URLopener()

    @unittest.skipUnless(ssl, "ssl module required")
    def test_cafile_and_context(self):
        context = ssl.create_default_context()
        with support.check_warnings(('', DeprecationWarning)):
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                urllib.request.urlopen(
                    "https://localhost", cafile="/nonexistent/path", context=context
                )


class urlopen_DataTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Test urlopen() opening a data URL."""

    def setUp(self):
        # text containing URL special- and unicode-characters
        self.text = "test data URLs :;,%=& \u00f6 \u00c4 "
        # 2x1 pixel RGB PNG image with one black and one white pixel
        self.image = (
            b'\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n\x00\x00\x00\rIHDR\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00'
            b'\x01\x08\x02\x00\x00\x00{@\xe8\xdd\x00\x00\x00\x01sRGB\x00\xae'
            b'\xce\x1c\xe9\x00\x00\x00\x0fIDAT\x08\xd7c```\xf8\xff\xff?\x00'
            b'\x06\x01\x02\xfe\no/\x1e\x00\x00\x00\x00IEND\xaeB`\x82')

        self.text_url = (
            "data:text/plain;charset=UTF-8,test%20data%20URLs%20%3A%3B%2C%25%3"
            "D%26%20%C3%B6%20%C3%84%20")
        self.text_url_base64 = (
            "data:text/plain;charset=ISO-8859-1;base64,dGVzdCBkYXRhIFVSTHMgOjs"
            "sJT0mIPYgxCA%3D")
        # base64 encoded data URL that contains ignorable spaces,
        # such as "\n", " ", "%0A", and "%20".
        self.image_url = (
            "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAABCAIAAAB7\n"
            "QOjdAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAA9JREFUCNdj%0AYGBg%2BP//PwAGAQL%2BCm8 "
            "vHgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg%3D%3D%0A%20")

        self.text_url_resp = urllib.request.urlopen(self.text_url)
        self.text_url_base64_resp = urllib.request.urlopen(
            self.text_url_base64)
        self.image_url_resp = urllib.request.urlopen(self.image_url)

    def test_interface(self):
        # Make sure object returned by urlopen() has the specified methods
        for attr in ("read", "readline", "readlines",
                     "close", "info", "geturl", "getcode", "__iter__"):
            self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.text_url_resp, attr),
                         "object returned by urlopen() lacks %s attribute" %
                         attr)

    def test_info(self):
        self.assertIsInstance(self.text_url_resp.info(), email.message.Message)
        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_base64_resp.info().get_params(),
            [('text/plain', ''), ('charset', 'ISO-8859-1')])
        self.assertEqual(self.image_url_resp.info()['content-length'],
            str(len(self.image)))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.request.urlopen("data:,").info().get_params(),
            [('text/plain', ''), ('charset', 'US-ASCII')])

    def test_geturl(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_resp.geturl(), self.text_url)
        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_base64_resp.geturl(),
            self.text_url_base64)
        self.assertEqual(self.image_url_resp.geturl(), self.image_url)

    def test_read_text(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_resp.read().decode(
            dict(self.text_url_resp.info().get_params())['charset']), self.text)

    def test_read_text_base64(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.text_url_base64_resp.read().decode(
            dict(self.text_url_base64_resp.info().get_params())['charset']),
            self.text)

    def test_read_image(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.image_url_resp.read(), self.image)

    def test_missing_comma(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError,urllib.request.urlopen,'data:text/plain')

    def test_invalid_base64_data(self):
        # missing padding character
        self.assertRaises(ValueError,urllib.request.urlopen,'data:;base64,Cg=')


class urlretrieve_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Test urllib.urlretrieve() on local files"""

    def setUp(self):
        # Create a list of temporary files. Each item in the list is a file
        # name (absolute path or relative to the current working directory).
        # All files in this list will be deleted in the tearDown method. Note,
        # this only helps to makes sure temporary files get deleted, but it
        # does nothing about trying to close files that may still be open. It
        # is the responsibility of the developer to properly close files even
        # when exceptional conditions occur.
        self.tempFiles = []

        # Create a temporary file.
        self.registerFileForCleanUp(support.TESTFN)
        self.text = b'testing urllib.urlretrieve'
        try:
            FILE = open(support.TESTFN, 'wb')
            FILE.write(self.text)
            FILE.close()
        finally:
            try: FILE.close()
            except: pass

    def tearDown(self):
        # Delete the temporary files.
        for each in self.tempFiles:
            try: os.remove(each)
            except: pass

    def constructLocalFileUrl(self, filePath):
        filePath = os.path.abspath(filePath)
        try:
            filePath.encode("utf-8")
        except UnicodeEncodeError:
            raise unittest.SkipTest("filePath is not encodable to utf8")
        return "file://%s" % urllib.request.pathname2url(filePath)

    def createNewTempFile(self, data=b""):
        """Creates a new temporary file containing the specified data,
        registers the file for deletion during the test fixture tear down, and
        returns the absolute path of the file."""

        newFd, newFilePath = tempfile.mkstemp()
        try:
            self.registerFileForCleanUp(newFilePath)
            newFile = os.fdopen(newFd, "wb")
            newFile.write(data)
            newFile.close()
        finally:
            try: newFile.close()
            except: pass
        return newFilePath

    def registerFileForCleanUp(self, fileName):
        self.tempFiles.append(fileName)

    def test_basic(self):
        # Make sure that a local file just gets its own location returned and
        # a headers value is returned.
        result = urllib.request.urlretrieve("file:%s" % support.TESTFN)
        self.assertEqual(result[0], support.TESTFN)
        self.assertIsInstance(result[1], email.message.Message,
                              "did not get an email.message.Message instance "
                              "as second returned value")

    def test_copy(self):
        # Test that setting the filename argument works.
        second_temp = "%s.2" % support.TESTFN
        self.registerFileForCleanUp(second_temp)
        result = urllib.request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(
            support.TESTFN), second_temp)
        self.assertEqual(second_temp, result[0])
        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(second_temp), "copy of the file was not "
                                                  "made")
        FILE = open(second_temp, 'rb')
        try:
            text = FILE.read()
            FILE.close()
        finally:
            try: FILE.close()
            except: pass
        self.assertEqual(self.text, text)

    def test_reporthook(self):
        # Make sure that the reporthook works.
        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, count_holder=[0]):
            self.assertIsInstance(block_count, int)
            self.assertIsInstance(block_read_size, int)
            self.assertIsInstance(file_size, int)
            self.assertEqual(block_count, count_holder[0])
            count_holder[0] = count_holder[0] + 1
        second_temp = "%s.2" % support.TESTFN
        self.registerFileForCleanUp(second_temp)
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(
            self.constructLocalFileUrl(support.TESTFN),
            second_temp, hooktester)

    def test_reporthook_0_bytes(self):
        # Test on zero length file. Should call reporthook only 1 time.
        report = []
        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, _report=report):
            _report.append((block_count, block_read_size, file_size))
        srcFileName = self.createNewTempFile()
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(srcFileName),
            support.TESTFN, hooktester)
        self.assertEqual(len(report), 1)
        self.assertEqual(report[0][2], 0)

    def test_reporthook_5_bytes(self):
        # Test on 5 byte file. Should call reporthook only 2 times (once when
        # the "network connection" is established and once when the block is
        # read).
        report = []
        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, _report=report):
            _report.append((block_count, block_read_size, file_size))
        srcFileName = self.createNewTempFile(b"x" * 5)
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(srcFileName),
            support.TESTFN, hooktester)
        self.assertEqual(len(report), 2)
        self.assertEqual(report[0][2], 5)
        self.assertEqual(report[1][2], 5)

    def test_reporthook_8193_bytes(self):
        # Test on 8193 byte file. Should call reporthook only 3 times (once
        # when the "network connection" is established, once for the next 8192
        # bytes, and once for the last byte).
        report = []
        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, _report=report):
            _report.append((block_count, block_read_size, file_size))
        srcFileName = self.createNewTempFile(b"x" * 8193)
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(srcFileName),
            support.TESTFN, hooktester)
        self.assertEqual(len(report), 3)
        self.assertEqual(report[0][2], 8193)
        self.assertEqual(report[0][1], 8192)
        self.assertEqual(report[1][1], 8192)
        self.assertEqual(report[2][1], 8192)


class urlretrieve_HttpTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeHTTPMixin):
    """Test urllib.urlretrieve() using fake http connections"""

    def test_short_content_raises_ContentTooShortError(self):
        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
Connection: close
Content-Length: 100
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

FF
''')

        def _reporthook(par1, par2, par3):
            pass

        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.ContentTooShortError):
            try:
                urllib.request.urlretrieve('http://example.com/',
                                           reporthook=_reporthook)
            finally:
                self.unfakehttp()

    def test_short_content_raises_ContentTooShortError_without_reporthook(self):
        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
Connection: close
Content-Length: 100
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

FF
''')
        with self.assertRaises(urllib.error.ContentTooShortError):
            try:
                urllib.request.urlretrieve('http://example.com/')
            finally:
                self.unfakehttp()


class QuotingTests(unittest.TestCase):
    r"""Tests for urllib.quote() and urllib.quote_plus()

    According to RFC 3986 (Uniform Resource Identifiers), to escape a
    character you write it as '%' + <2 character US-ASCII hex value>.
    The Python code of ``'%' + hex(ord(<character>))[2:]`` escapes a
    character properly. Case does not matter on the hex letters.

    The various character sets specified are:

    Reserved characters : ";/?:@&=+$,"
        Have special meaning in URIs and must be escaped if not being used for
        their special meaning
    Data characters : letters, digits, and "-_.!~*'()"
        Unreserved and do not need to be escaped; can be, though, if desired
    Control characters : 0x00 - 0x1F, 0x7F
        Have no use in URIs so must be escaped
    space : 0x20
        Must be escaped
    Delimiters : '<>#%"'
        Must be escaped
    Unwise : "{}|\^[]`"
        Must be escaped

    """

    def test_never_quote(self):
        # Make sure quote() does not quote letters, digits, and "_,.-"
        do_not_quote = '' .join(["ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ",
                                 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
                                 "0123456789",
                                 "_.-~"])
        result = urllib.parse.quote(do_not_quote)
        self.assertEqual(do_not_quote, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (do_not_quote, result))
        result = urllib.parse.quote_plus(do_not_quote)
        self.assertEqual(do_not_quote, result,
                        "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (do_not_quote, result))

    def test_default_safe(self):
        # Test '/' is default value for 'safe' parameter
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.quote.__defaults__[0], '/')

    def test_safe(self):
        # Test setting 'safe' parameter does what it should do
        quote_by_default = "<>"
        result = urllib.parse.quote(quote_by_default, safe=quote_by_default)
        self.assertEqual(quote_by_default, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (quote_by_default, result))
        result = urllib.parse.quote_plus(quote_by_default,
                                         safe=quote_by_default)
        self.assertEqual(quote_by_default, result,
                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" %
                         (quote_by_default, result))
        # Safe expressed as bytes rather than str
        result = urllib.parse.quote(quote_by_default, safe=b"<>")
        self.assertEqual(quote_by_default, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (quote_by_default, result))
        # "Safe" non-ASCII characters should have no effect
        # (Since URIs are not allowed to have non-ASCII characters)
        result = urllib.parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe="\xfc")
        expect = urllib.parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe="")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" %
                         (expect, result))
        # Same as above, but using a bytes rather than str
        result = urllib.parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe=b"\xfc")
        expect = urllib.parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe="")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" %
                         (expect, result))

    def test_default_quoting(self):
        # Make sure all characters that should be quoted are by default sans
        # space (separate test for that).
        should_quote = [chr(num) for num in range(32)] # For 0x00 - 0x1F
        should_quote.append(r'<>#%"{}|\^[]`')
        should_quote.append(chr(127)) # For 0x7F
        should_quote = ''.join(should_quote)
        for char in should_quote:
            result = urllib.parse.quote(char)
            self.assertEqual(hexescape(char), result,
                             "using quote(): "
                             "%s should be escaped to %s, not %s" %
                             (char, hexescape(char), result))
            result = urllib.parse.quote_plus(char)
            self.assertEqual(hexescape(char), result,
                             "using quote_plus(): "
                             "%s should be escapes to %s, not %s" %
                             (char, hexescape(char), result))
        del should_quote
        partial_quote = "ab[]cd"
        expected = "ab%5B%5Dcd"
        result = urllib.parse.quote(partial_quote)
        self.assertEqual(expected, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expected, result))
        result = urllib.parse.quote_plus(partial_quote)
        self.assertEqual(expected, result,
                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expected, result))

    def test_quoting_space(self):
        # Make sure quote() and quote_plus() handle spaces as specified in
        # their unique way
        result = urllib.parse.quote(' ')
        self.assertEqual(result, hexescape(' '),
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (result, hexescape(' ')))
        result = urllib.parse.quote_plus(' ')
        self.assertEqual(result, '+',
                         "using quote_plus(): %r != +" % result)
        given = "a b cd e f"
        expect = given.replace(' ', hexescape(' '))
        result = urllib.parse.quote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        expect = given.replace(' ', '+')
        result = urllib.parse.quote_plus(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

    def test_quoting_plus(self):
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.quote_plus('alpha+beta gamma'),
                         'alpha%2Bbeta+gamma')
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.quote_plus('alpha+beta gamma', '+'),
                         'alpha+beta+gamma')
        # Test with bytes
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.quote_plus(b'alpha+beta gamma'),
                         'alpha%2Bbeta+gamma')
        # Test with safe bytes
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.quote_plus('alpha+beta gamma', b'+'),
                         'alpha+beta+gamma')

    def test_quote_bytes(self):
        # Bytes should quote directly to percent-encoded values
        given = b"\xa2\xd8ab\xff"
        expect = "%A2%D8ab%FF"
        result = urllib.parse.quote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        # Encoding argument should raise type error on bytes input
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.quote, given,
                            encoding="latin-1")
        # quote_from_bytes should work the same
        result = urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote_from_bytes(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))

    def test_quote_with_unicode(self):
        # Characters in Latin-1 range, encoded by default in UTF-8
        given = "\xa2\xd8ab\xff"
        expect = "%C2%A2%C3%98ab%C3%BF"
        result = urllib.parse.quote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        # Characters in Latin-1 range, encoded by with None (default)
        result = urllib.parse.quote(given, encoding=None, errors=None)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        # Characters in Latin-1 range, encoded with Latin-1
        given = "\xa2\xd8ab\xff"
        expect = "%A2%D8ab%FF"
        result = urllib.parse.quote(given, encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        # Characters in BMP, encoded by default in UTF-8
        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"              # "Kanji"
        expect = "%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97"
        result = urllib.parse.quote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        # Characters in BMP, encoded with Latin-1
        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"
        self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, urllib.parse.quote, given,
                                    encoding="latin-1")
        # Characters in BMP, encoded with Latin-1, with replace error handling
        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"
        expect = "%3F%3F"                   # "??"
        result = urllib.parse.quote(given, encoding="latin-1",
                                    errors="replace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        # Characters in BMP, Latin-1, with xmlcharref error handling
        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"
        expect = "%26%2328450%3B%26%2323383%3B"     # "&#28450;&#23383;"
        result = urllib.parse.quote(given, encoding="latin-1",
                                    errors="xmlcharrefreplace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

    def test_quote_plus_with_unicode(self):
        # Encoding (latin-1) test for quote_plus
        given = "\xa2\xd8 \xff"
        expect = "%A2%D8+%FF"
        result = urllib.parse.quote_plus(given, encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        # Errors test for quote_plus
        given = "ab\u6f22\u5b57 cd"
        expect = "ab%3F%3F+cd"
        result = urllib.parse.quote_plus(given, encoding="latin-1",
                                         errors="replace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))


class UnquotingTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Tests for unquote() and unquote_plus()

    See the doc string for quoting_Tests for details on quoting and such.

    """

    def test_unquoting(self):
        # Make sure unquoting of all ASCII values works
        escape_list = []
        for num in range(128):
            given = hexescape(chr(num))
            expect = chr(num)
            result = urllib.parse.unquote(given)
            self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                             "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
            result = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(given)
            self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                             "using unquote_plus(): %r != %r" %
                             (expect, result))
            escape_list.append(given)
        escape_string = ''.join(escape_list)
        del escape_list
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(escape_string)
        self.assertEqual(result.count('%'), 1,
                         "using unquote(): not all characters escaped: "
                         "%s" % result)
        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib.parse.unquote, None)
        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib.parse.unquote, ())
        with support.check_warnings(('', BytesWarning), quiet=True):
            self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib.parse.unquote, b'')

    def test_unquoting_badpercent(self):
        # Test unquoting on bad percent-escapes
        given = '%xab'
        expect = given
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))
        given = '%x'
        expect = given
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))
        given = '%'
        expect = given
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))
        # unquote_to_bytes
        given = '%xab'
        expect = bytes(given, 'ascii')
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))
        given = '%x'
        expect = bytes(given, 'ascii')
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))
        given = '%'
        expect = bytes(given, 'ascii')
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))
        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes, None)
        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes, ())

    def test_unquoting_mixed_case(self):
        # Test unquoting on mixed-case hex digits in the percent-escapes
        given = '%Ab%eA'
        expect = b'\xab\xea'
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))

    def test_unquoting_parts(self):
        # Make sure unquoting works when have non-quoted characters
        # interspersed
        given = 'ab%sd' % hexescape('c')
        expect = "abcd"
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

    def test_unquoting_plus(self):
        # Test difference between unquote() and unquote_plus()
        given = "are+there+spaces..."
        expect = given
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        expect = given.replace('+', ' ')
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

    def test_unquote_to_bytes(self):
        given = 'br%C3%BCckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
        expect = b'br\xc3\xbcckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))
        # Test on a string with unescaped non-ASCII characters
        # (Technically an invalid URI; expect those characters to be UTF-8
        # encoded).
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes("\u6f22%C3%BC")
        expect = b'\xe6\xbc\xa2\xc3\xbc'    # UTF-8 for "\u6f22\u00fc"
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))
        # Test with a bytes as input
        given = b'%A2%D8ab%FF'
        expect = b'\xa2\xd8ab\xff'
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))
        # Test with a bytes as input, with unescaped non-ASCII bytes
        # (Technically an invalid URI; expect those bytes to be preserved)
        given = b'%A2\xd8ab%FF'
        expect = b'\xa2\xd8ab\xff'
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
                         % (expect, result))

    def test_unquote_with_unicode(self):
        # Characters in the Latin-1 range, encoded with UTF-8
        given = 'br%C3%BCckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
        expect = 'br\u00fcckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
        # Characters in the Latin-1 range, encoded with None (default)
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given, encoding=None, errors=None)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

        # Characters in the Latin-1 range, encoded with Latin-1
        result = urllib.parse.unquote('br%FCckner_sapporo_20050930.doc',
                                      encoding="latin-1")
        expect = 'br\u00fcckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

        # Characters in BMP, encoded with UTF-8
        given = "%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97"
        expect = "\u6f22\u5b57"             # "Kanji"
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

        # Decode with UTF-8, invalid sequence
        given = "%F3%B1"
        expect = "\ufffd"                   # Replacement character
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

        # Decode with UTF-8, invalid sequence, replace errors
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given, errors="replace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

        # Decode with UTF-8, invalid sequence, ignoring errors
        given = "%F3%B1"
        expect = ""
        result = urllib.parse.unquote(given, errors="ignore")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

        # A mix of non-ASCII and percent-encoded characters, UTF-8
        result = urllib.parse.unquote("\u6f22%C3%BC")
        expect = '\u6f22\u00fc'
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

        # A mix of non-ASCII and percent-encoded characters, Latin-1
        # (Note, the string contains non-Latin-1-representable characters)
        result = urllib.parse.unquote("\u6f22%FC", encoding="latin-1")
        expect = '\u6f22\u00fc'
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))

class urlencode_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Tests for urlencode()"""

    def help_inputtype(self, given, test_type):
        """Helper method for testing different input types.

        'given' must lead to only the pairs:
            * 1st, 1
            * 2nd, 2
            * 3rd, 3

        Test cannot assume anything about order.  Docs make no guarantee and
        have possible dictionary input.

        """
        expect_somewhere = ["1st=1", "2nd=2", "3rd=3"]
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given)
        for expected in expect_somewhere:
            self.assertIn(expected, result,
                         "testing %s: %s not found in %s" %
                         (test_type, expected, result))
        self.assertEqual(result.count('&'), 2,
                         "testing %s: expected 2 '&'s; got %s" %
                         (test_type, result.count('&')))
        amp_location = result.index('&')
        on_amp_left = result[amp_location - 1]
        on_amp_right = result[amp_location + 1]
        self.assertTrue(on_amp_left.isdigit() and on_amp_right.isdigit(),
                     "testing %s: '&' not located in proper place in %s" %
                     (test_type, result))
        self.assertEqual(len(result), (5 * 3) + 2, #5 chars per thing and amps
                         "testing %s: "
                         "unexpected number of characters: %s != %s" %
                         (test_type, len(result), (5 * 3) + 2))

    def test_using_mapping(self):
        # Test passing in a mapping object as an argument.
        self.help_inputtype({"1st":'1', "2nd":'2', "3rd":'3'},
                            "using dict as input type")

    def test_using_sequence(self):
        # Test passing in a sequence of two-item sequences as an argument.
        self.help_inputtype([('1st', '1'), ('2nd', '2'), ('3rd', '3')],
                            "using sequence of two-item tuples as input")

    def test_quoting(self):
        # Make sure keys and values are quoted using quote_plus()
        given = {"&":"="}
        expect = "%s=%s" % (hexescape('&'), hexescape('='))
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        given = {"key name":"A bunch of pluses"}
        expect = "key+name=A+bunch+of+pluses"
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

    def test_doseq(self):
        # Test that passing True for 'doseq' parameter works correctly
        given = {'sequence':['1', '2', '3']}
        expect = "sequence=%s" % urllib.parse.quote_plus(str(['1', '2', '3']))
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True)
        for value in given["sequence"]:
            expect = "sequence=%s" % value
            self.assertIn(expect, result)
        self.assertEqual(result.count('&'), 2,
                         "Expected 2 '&'s, got %s" % result.count('&'))

    def test_empty_sequence(self):
        self.assertEqual("", urllib.parse.urlencode({}))
        self.assertEqual("", urllib.parse.urlencode([]))

    def test_nonstring_values(self):
        self.assertEqual("a=1", urllib.parse.urlencode({"a": 1}))
        self.assertEqual("a=None", urllib.parse.urlencode({"a": None}))

    def test_nonstring_seq_values(self):
        self.assertEqual("a=1&a=2", urllib.parse.urlencode({"a": [1, 2]}, True))
        self.assertEqual("a=None&a=a",
                         urllib.parse.urlencode({"a": [None, "a"]}, True))
        data = collections.OrderedDict([("a", 1), ("b", 1)])
        self.assertEqual("a=a&a=b",
                         urllib.parse.urlencode({"a": data}, True))

    def test_urlencode_encoding(self):
        # ASCII encoding. Expect %3F with errors="replace'
        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
        expect = '%3F=%3F'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        # Default is UTF-8 encoding.
        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
        expect = '%C2%A0=%C3%81'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        # Latin-1 encoding.
        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
        expect = '%A0=%C1'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

    def test_urlencode_encoding_doseq(self):
        # ASCII Encoding. Expect %3F with errors="replace'
        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
        expect = '%3F=%3F'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, doseq=True,
                                        encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        # ASCII Encoding. On a sequence of values.
        given = (("\u00a0", (1, "\u00c1")),)
        expect = '%3F=1&%3F=%3F'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True,
                                        encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        # Utf-8
        given = (("\u00a0", "\u00c1"),)
        expect = '%C2%A0=%C3%81'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        given = (("\u00a0", (42, "\u00c1")),)
        expect = '%C2%A0=42&%C2%A0=%C3%81'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        # latin-1
        given = (("\u00a0", "\u00c1"),)
        expect = '%A0=%C1'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        given = (("\u00a0", (42, "\u00c1")),)
        expect = '%A0=42&%A0=%C1'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

    def test_urlencode_bytes(self):
        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
        expect = '%A0%24=%C1%24'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        # Sequence of values
        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (42, b'\xc1\x24')),)
        expect = '%A0%24=42&%A0%24=%C1%24'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

    def test_urlencode_encoding_safe_parameter(self):

        # Send '$' (\x24) as safe character
        # Default utf-8 encoding

        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, safe=":$")
        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, doseq=True, safe=":$")
        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        # Safe parameter in sequence
        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (b'\xc1\x24', 0xd, 42)),)
        expect = '%A0$=%C1$&%A0$=13&%A0$=42'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, safe=":$")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        # Test all above in latin-1 encoding

        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, safe=":$",
                                        encoding="latin-1")
        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, doseq=True, safe=":$",
                                        encoding="latin-1")

        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (b'\xc1\x24', 0xd, 42)),)
        expect = '%A0$=%C1$&%A0$=13&%A0$=42'
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode(given, True, safe=":$",
                                        encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(expect, result)

class Pathname_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Test pathname2url() and url2pathname()"""

    def test_basic(self):
        # Make sure simple tests pass
        expected_path = os.path.join("parts", "of", "a", "path")
        expected_url = "parts/of/a/path"
        result = urllib.request.pathname2url(expected_path)
        self.assertEqual(expected_url, result,
                         "pathname2url() failed; %s != %s" %
                         (result, expected_url))
        result = urllib.request.url2pathname(expected_url)
        self.assertEqual(expected_path, result,
                         "url2pathame() failed; %s != %s" %
                         (result, expected_path))

    def test_quoting(self):
        # Test automatic quoting and unquoting works for pathnam2url() and
        # url2pathname() respectively
        given = os.path.join("needs", "quot=ing", "here")
        expect = "needs/%s/here" % urllib.parse.quote("quot=ing")
        result = urllib.request.pathname2url(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "pathname2url() failed; %s != %s" %
                         (expect, result))
        expect = given
        result = urllib.request.url2pathname(result)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "url2pathname() failed; %s != %s" %
                         (expect, result))
        given = os.path.join("make sure", "using_quote")
        expect = "%s/using_quote" % urllib.parse.quote("make sure")
        result = urllib.request.pathname2url(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "pathname2url() failed; %s != %s" %
                         (expect, result))
        given = "make+sure/using_unquote"
        expect = os.path.join("make+sure", "using_unquote")
        result = urllib.request.url2pathname(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         "url2pathname() failed; %s != %s" %
                         (expect, result))

    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'win32',
                         'test specific to the urllib.url2path function.')
    def test_ntpath(self):
        given = ('/C:/', '///C:/', '/C|//')
        expect = 'C:\\'
        for url in given:
            result = urllib.request.url2pathname(url)
            self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                             'urllib.request..url2pathname() failed; %s != %s' %
                             (expect, result))
        given = '///C|/path'
        expect = 'C:\\path'
        result = urllib.request.url2pathname(given)
        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
                         'urllib.request.url2pathname() failed; %s != %s' %
                         (expect, result))

class Utility_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Testcase to test the various utility functions in the urllib."""

    def test_thishost(self):
        """Test the urllib.request.thishost utility function returns a tuple"""
        self.assertIsInstance(urllib.request.thishost(), tuple)


class URLopener_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Testcase to test the open method of URLopener class."""

    def test_quoted_open(self):
        class DummyURLopener(urllib.request.URLopener):
            def open_spam(self, url):
                return url
        with support.check_warnings(
                ('DummyURLopener style of invoking requests is deprecated.',
                DeprecationWarning)):
            self.assertEqual(DummyURLopener().open(
                'spam://example/ /'),'//example/%20/')

            # test the safe characters are not quoted by urlopen
            self.assertEqual(DummyURLopener().open(
                "spam://c:|windows%/:=&?~#+!$,;'@()*[]|/path/"),
                "//c:|windows%/:=&?~#+!$,;'@()*[]|/path/")

# Just commented them out.
# Can't really tell why keep failing in windows and sparc.
# Everywhere else they work ok, but on those machines, sometimes
# fail in one of the tests, sometimes in other. I have a linux, and
# the tests go ok.
# If anybody has one of the problematic environments, please help!
# .   Facundo
#
# def server(evt):
#     import socket, time
#     serv = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
#     serv.settimeout(3)
#     serv.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
#     serv.bind(("", 9093))
#     serv.listen()
#     try:
#         conn, addr = serv.accept()
#         conn.send("1 Hola mundo\n")
#         cantdata = 0
#         while cantdata < 13:
#             data = conn.recv(13-cantdata)
#             cantdata += len(data)
#             time.sleep(.3)
#         conn.send("2 No more lines\n")
#         conn.close()
#     except socket.timeout:
#         pass
#     finally:
#         serv.close()
#         evt.set()
#
# class FTPWrapperTests(unittest.TestCase):
#
#     def setUp(self):
#         import ftplib, time, threading
#         ftplib.FTP.port = 9093
#         self.evt = threading.Event()
#         threading.Thread(target=server, args=(self.evt,)).start()
#         time.sleep(.1)
#
#     def tearDown(self):
#         self.evt.wait()
#
#     def testBasic(self):
#         # connects
#         ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [])
#         ftp.close()
#
#     def testTimeoutNone(self):
#         # global default timeout is ignored
#         import socket
#         self.assertIsNone(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
#         socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)
#         try:
#             ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [])
#         finally:
#             socket.setdefaulttimeout(None)
#         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
#         ftp.close()
#
#     def testTimeoutDefault(self):
#         # global default timeout is used
#         import socket
#         self.assertIsNone(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
#         socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)
#         try:
#             ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [])
#         finally:
#             socket.setdefaulttimeout(None)
#         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
#         ftp.close()
#
#     def testTimeoutValue(self):
#         ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [],
#                                 timeout=30)
#         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
#         ftp.close()


class RequestTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Unit tests for urllib.request.Request."""

    def test_default_values(self):
        Request = urllib.request.Request
        request = Request("http://www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'GET')
        request = Request("http://www.python.org", {})
        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'POST')

    def test_with_method_arg(self):
        Request = urllib.request.Request
        request = Request("http://www.python.org", method='HEAD')
        self.assertEqual(request.method, 'HEAD')
        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'HEAD')
        request = Request("http://www.python.org", {}, method='HEAD')
        self.assertEqual(request.method, 'HEAD')
        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'HEAD')
        request = Request("http://www.python.org", method='GET')
        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'GET')
        request.method = 'HEAD'
        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'HEAD')


class URL2PathNameTests(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_converting_drive_letter(self):
        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C|"), 'C:')
        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C:"), 'C:')
        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C|/"), 'C:\\')

    def test_converting_when_no_drive_letter(self):
        # cannot end a raw string in \
        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C/test/"), r'\\\C\test' '\\')
        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("////C/test/"), r'\\C\test' '\\')

    def test_simple_compare(self):
        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C|/foo/bar/spam.foo"),
                         r'C:\foo\bar\spam.foo')

    def test_non_ascii_drive_letter(self):
        self.assertRaises(IOError, url2pathname, "///\u00e8|/")

    def test_roundtrip_url2pathname(self):
        list_of_paths = ['C:',
                         r'\\\C\test\\',
                         r'C:\foo\bar\spam.foo'
                         ]
        for path in list_of_paths:
            self.assertEqual(url2pathname(pathname2url(path)), path)

class PathName2URLTests(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_converting_drive_letter(self):
        self.assertEqual(pathname2url("C:"), '///C:')
        self.assertEqual(pathname2url("C:\\"), '///C:')

    def test_converting_when_no_drive_letter(self):
        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r"\\\folder\test" "\\"),
                         '/////folder/test/')
        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r"\\folder\test" "\\"),
                         '////folder/test/')
        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r"\folder\test" "\\"),
                         '/folder/test/')

    def test_simple_compare(self):
        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r'C:\foo\bar\spam.foo'),
                         "///C:/foo/bar/spam.foo" )

    def test_long_drive_letter(self):
        self.assertRaises(IOError, pathname2url, "XX:\\")

    def test_roundtrip_pathname2url(self):
        list_of_paths = ['///C:',
                         '/////folder/test/',
                         '///C:/foo/bar/spam.foo']
        for path in list_of_paths:
            self.assertEqual(pathname2url(url2pathname(path)), path)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()