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<h1 class="settitle" align="center">GCC libquadmath</h1>






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<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2>

<div class="shortcontents">
<ul class="no-bullet">
<li><a name="stoc-Typedef-and-constants-1" href="#toc-Typedef-and-constants-1">1 Typedef and constants</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Math-Library-Routines-1" href="#toc-Math-Library-Routines-1">2 Math Library Routines</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-I_002fO-Library-Routines-1" href="#toc-I_002fO-Library-Routines-1">3 I/O Library Routines</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="#toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1">GNU Free Documentation License</a></li>
<li><a name="stoc-Reporting-Bugs-1" href="#toc-Reporting-Bugs-1">4 Reporting Bugs</a></li>
</ul>
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<a name="SEC_Contents"></a>
<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>

<div class="contents">

<ul class="no-bullet">
  <li><a name="toc-Typedef-and-constants-1" href="#Typedef-and-constants">1 Typedef and constants</a></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Math-Library-Routines-1" href="#Math-Library-Routines">2 Math Library Routines</a></li>
  <li><a name="toc-I_002fO-Library-Routines-1" href="#I_002fO-Library-Routines">3 I/O Library Routines</a>
  <ul class="no-bullet">
    <li><a name="toc-strtoflt128-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-from-string" href="#strtoflt128">3.1 <code>strtoflt128</code> &mdash; Convert from string</a></li>
    <li><a name="toc-quadmath_005fsnprintf-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-string" href="#quadmath_005fsnprintf">3.2 <code>quadmath_snprintf</code> &mdash; Convert to string</a></li>
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  <li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>
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    <li><a name="toc-ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents" href="#ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a name="toc-Reporting-Bugs-1" href="#Reporting-Bugs">4 Reporting Bugs</a></li>
</ul>
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<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Typedef-and-constants" accesskey="n" rel="next">Typedef and constants</a>, Up: <a href="dir.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Introduction"></a>
<h1 class="top">Introduction</h1>
<a name="index-Introduction"></a>

<p>This manual documents the usage of libquadmath, the GCC Quad-Precision
Math Library Application Programming Interface (API).
</p>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Typedef-and-constants" accesskey="1">Typedef and constants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Defined data types and constants
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Math-Library-Routines" accesskey="2">Math Library Routines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The Libquadmath math runtime application
                               programming interface.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#I_002fO-Library-Routines" accesskey="3">I/O Library Routines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The Libquadmath I/O runtime application
                               programming interface.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License" accesskey="4">GNU Free Documentation License</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
                               How you can copy and share this manual.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Reporting-Bugs" accesskey="5">Reporting Bugs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How to report bugs in GCC Libquadmath.
</td></tr>
</table>



<hr>
<a name="Typedef-and-constants"></a>
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<p>
Next: <a href="#Math-Library-Routines" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math Library Routines</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Typedef-and-constants-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">1 Typedef and constants</h2>

<p>The following data type has been defined via <code>typedef</code>.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>__complex128</code>: <code>__float128</code>-based complex number</dt>
</dl>

<p>The following macros are defined, which give the numeric limits of the
<code>__float128</code> data type.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>FLT128_MAX</code>: largest finite number</dt>
<dt><code>FLT128_MIN</code>: smallest positive number with full precision</dt>
<dt><code>FLT128_EPSILON</code>: difference between 1 and the next larger</dt>
<dd><p>representable number
</p></dd>
<dt><code>FLT128_DENORM_MIN</code>: smallest positive denormalized number</dt>
<dt><code>FLT128_MANT_DIG</code>: number of digits in the mantissa (bit precision)</dt>
<dt><code>FLT128_MIN_EXP</code>: maximal negative exponent</dt>
<dt><code>FLT128_MAX_EXP</code>: maximal positive exponent</dt>
<dt><code>FLT128_DIG</code>: number of decimal digits in the mantissa</dt>
<dt><code>FLT128_MIN_10_EXP</code>: maximal negative decimal exponent</dt>
<dt><code>FLT128_MAX_10_EXP</code>: maximal positive decimal exponent</dt>
</dl>

<p>The following mathematical constants of type <code>__float128</code> are defined.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>M_Eq</code>: the constant e (Euler&rsquo;s number)</dt>
<dt><code>M_LOG2Eq</code>: binary logarithm of 2</dt>
<dt><code>M_LOG10Eq</code>: common, decimal logarithm of 2</dt>
<dt><code>M_LN2q</code>: natural logarithm of 2</dt>
<dt><code>M_LN10q</code>: natural logarithm of 10</dt>
<dt><code>M_PIq</code>: pi</dt>
<dt><code>M_PI_2q</code>: pi divided by two</dt>
<dt><code>M_PI_4q</code>: pi divided by four</dt>
<dt><code>M_1_PIq</code>: one over pi</dt>
<dt><code>M_2_PIq</code>: one over two pi</dt>
<dt><code>M_2_SQRTPIq</code>: two over square root of pi</dt>
<dt><code>M_SQRT2q</code>: square root of 2</dt>
<dt><code>M_SQRT1_2q</code>: one over square root of 2</dt>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="Math-Library-Routines"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#I_002fO-Library-Routines" accesskey="n" rel="next">I/O Library Routines</a>, Previous: <a href="#Typedef-and-constants" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Typedef and constants</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Math-Library-Routines-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">2 Math Library Routines</h2>

<p>The following mathematical functions are available:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>acosq</code>: arc cosine function</dt>
<dt><code>acoshq</code>: inverse hyperbolic cosine function</dt>
<dt><code>asinq</code>: arc sine function</dt>
<dt><code>asinhq</code>: inverse hyperbolic sine function</dt>
<dt><code>atanq</code>: arc tangent function</dt>
<dt><code>atanhq</code>: inverse hyperbolic tangent function</dt>
<dt><code>atan2q</code>: arc tangent function</dt>
<dt><code>cbrtq</code>: cube root function</dt>
<dt><code>ceilq</code>: ceiling value function</dt>
<dt><code>copysignq</code>: copy sign of a number</dt>
<dt><code>coshq</code>: hyperbolic cosine function</dt>
<dt><code>cosq</code>: cosine function</dt>
<dt><code>erfq</code>: error function</dt>
<dt><code>erfcq</code>: complementary error function</dt>
<dt><code>expq</code>: exponential function</dt>
<dt><code>expm1q</code>: exponential minus 1 function</dt>
<dt><code>fabsq</code>: absolute value function</dt>
<dt><code>fdimq</code>: positive difference function</dt>
<dt><code>finiteq</code>: check finiteness of value</dt>
<dt><code>floorq</code>: floor value function</dt>
<dt><code>fmaq</code>: fused multiply and add</dt>
<dt><code>fmaxq</code>: determine maximum of two values</dt>
<dt><code>fminq</code>: determine minimum of two values</dt>
<dt><code>fmodq</code>: remainder value function</dt>
<dt><code>frexpq</code>: extract mantissa and exponent</dt>
<dt><code>hypotq</code>: Eucledian distance function</dt>
<dt><code>ilogbq</code>: get exponent of the value</dt>
<dt><code>isinfq</code>: check for infinity</dt>
<dt><code>isnanq</code>: check for not a number</dt>
<dt><code>j0q</code>: Bessel function of the first kind, first order</dt>
<dt><code>j1q</code>: Bessel function of the first kind, second order</dt>
<dt><code>jnq</code>: Bessel function of the first kind, <var>n</var>-th order</dt>
<dt><code>ldexpq</code>: load exponent of the value</dt>
<dt><code>lgammaq</code>: logarithmic gamma function</dt>
<dt><code>llrintq</code>: round to nearest integer value</dt>
<dt><code>llroundq</code>: round to nearest integer value away from zero</dt>
<dt><code>logq</code>: natural logarithm function</dt>
<dt><code>log10q</code>: base 10 logarithm function</dt>
<dt><code>log1pq</code>: compute natural logarithm of the value plus one</dt>
<dt><code>log2q</code>: base 2 logarithm function</dt>
<dt><code>lrintq</code>: round to nearest integer value</dt>
<dt><code>lroundq</code>: round to nearest integer value away from zero</dt>
<dt><code>modfq</code>: decompose the floating-point number</dt>
<dt><code>nanq</code>: return quiet NaN</dt>
<dt><code>nearbyintq</code>: round to nearest integer</dt>
<dt><code>nextafterq</code>: next representable floating-point number</dt>
<dt><code>powq</code>: power function</dt>
<dt><code>remainderq</code>: remainder function</dt>
<dt><code>remquoq</code>: remainder and part of quotient</dt>
<dt><code>rintq</code>: round-to-nearest integral value</dt>
<dt><code>roundq</code>: round-to-nearest integral value, return <code>__float128</code></dt>
<dt><code>scalblnq</code>: compute exponent using <code>FLT_RADIX</code></dt>
<dt><code>scalbnq</code>: compute exponent using <code>FLT_RADIX</code></dt>
<dt><code>signbitq</code>: return sign bit</dt>
<dt><code>sincosq</code>: calculate sine and cosine simulataneously</dt>
<dt><code>sinhq</code>: hyperbolic sine function</dt>
<dt><code>sinq</code>: sine function</dt>
<dt><code>sqrtq</code>: square root function</dt>
<dt><code>tanq</code>: tangent function</dt>
<dt><code>tanhq</code>: hyperbolic tangent function</dt>
<dt><code>tgammaq</code>: true gamma function</dt>
<dt><code>truncq</code>: round to integer, towards zero</dt>
<dt><code>y0q</code>: Bessel function of the second kind, first order</dt>
<dt><code>y1q</code>: Bessel function of the second kind, second order</dt>
<dt><code>ynq</code>: Bessel function of the second kind, <var>n</var>-th order</dt>
<dt><code>cabsq</code> complex absolute value function</dt>
<dt><code>cargq</code>: calculate the argument</dt>
<dt><code>cimagq</code> imaginary part of complex number</dt>
<dt><code>crealq</code>: real part of complex number</dt>
<dt><code>cacoshq</code>: complex arc hyperbolic cosine function</dt>
<dt><code>cacosq</code>: complex arc cosine function</dt>
<dt><code>casinhq</code>: complex arc hyperbolic sine function</dt>
<dt><code>casinq</code>: complex arc sine function</dt>
<dt><code>catanhq</code>: complex arc hyperbolic tangent function</dt>
<dt><code>catanq</code>: complex arc tangent function</dt>
<dt><code>ccosq</code> complex cosine function:</dt>
<dt><code>ccoshq</code>: complex hyperbolic cosine function</dt>
<dt><code>cexpq</code>: complex exponential function</dt>
<dt><code>cexpiq</code>: computes the exponential function of &ldquo;i&rdquo; times a</dt>
<dd><p>real value
</p></dd>
<dt><code>clogq</code>: complex natural logarithm</dt>
<dt><code>clog10q</code>: complex base 10 logarithm</dt>
<dt><code>conjq</code>: complex conjugate function</dt>
<dt><code>cpowq</code>: complex power function</dt>
<dt><code>cprojq</code>: project into Riemann Sphere</dt>
<dt><code>csinq</code>: complex sine function</dt>
<dt><code>csinhq</code>: complex hyperbolic sine function</dt>
<dt><code>csqrtq</code>: complex square root</dt>
<dt><code>ctanq</code>: complex tangent function</dt>
<dt><code>ctanhq</code>: complex hyperbolic tangent function</dt>
</dl>



<hr>
<a name="I_002fO-Library-Routines"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License" accesskey="n" rel="next">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-Library-Routines" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math Library Routines</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="I_002fO-Library-Routines-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">3 I/O Library Routines</h2>

<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#strtoflt128" accesskey="1"><code>strtoflt128</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert from string
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#quadmath_005fsnprintf" accesskey="2"><code>quadmath_snprintf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert to string
</td></tr>
</table>


<hr>
<a name="strtoflt128"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="#quadmath_005fsnprintf" accesskey="n" rel="next">quadmath_snprintf</a>, Up: <a href="#I_002fO-Library-Routines" accesskey="u" rel="up">I/O Library Routines</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="strtoflt128-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-from-string"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.1 <code>strtoflt128</code> &mdash; Convert from string</h3>

<p>The function <code>strtoflt128</code> converts a string into a
<code>__float128</code> number.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>Syntax</dt>
<dd><p><code>__float128 strtoflt128 (const char *s, char **sp)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>s</var></td><td width="70%">input string</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>sp</var></td><td width="70%">the address of the next character in the string</td></tr>
</table>

<p>The argument <var>sp</var> contains, if not <code>NULL</code>, the address of the
next character following the parts of the string, which have been read.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Example</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">#include &lt;quadmath.h&gt;

int main ()
{
  __float128 r;

  r = strtoflt128 (&quot;1.2345678&quot;, NULL);

  return 0;
}
</pre></div>
</dd>
</dl>


<hr>
<a name="quadmath_005fsnprintf"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#strtoflt128" accesskey="p" rel="prev">strtoflt128</a>, Up: <a href="#I_002fO-Library-Routines" accesskey="u" rel="up">I/O Library Routines</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="quadmath_005fsnprintf-_002d_002d_002d-Convert-to-string"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.2 <code>quadmath_snprintf</code> &mdash; Convert to string</h3>

<p>The function <code>quadmath_snprintf</code> converts a <code>__float128</code> floating-point
number into a string.  It is a specialized alternative to <code>snprintf</code>, where
the format string is restricted to a single conversion specifier with <code>Q</code>
modifier and conversion specifier <code>e</code>, <code>E</code>, <code>f</code>, <code>F</code>, <code>g</code>,
<code>G</code>, <code>a</code> or <code>A</code>, with no extra characters before or after the
conversion specifier.  The <code>%m$</code> or <code>*m$</code> style must not be used in
the format.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>Syntax</dt>
<dd><p><code>int quadmath_snprintf (char *s, size_t size, const char *format, ...)</code>
</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>Arguments</em>:</dt>
<dd><table>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>s</var></td><td width="70%">output string</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>size</var></td><td width="70%">byte size of the string, including tailing NUL</td></tr>
<tr><td width="15%"><var>format</var></td><td width="70%">conversion specifier string</td></tr>
</table>

</dd>
<dt>Note</dt>
<dd><p>On some targets when supported by the C library hooks are installed
for <code>printf</code> family of functions, so that <code>printf (&quot;%Qe&quot;, 1.2Q);</code>
etc. works too.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>Example</dt>
<dd><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">#include &lt;quadmath.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;

int main ()
{
  __float128 r;
  int prec = 20;
  int width = 46;
  char buf[128];

  r = 2.0q;
  r = sqrtq (r);
  int n = quadmath_snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, &quot;%+-#*.20Qe&quot;, width, r);
  if ((size_t) n &lt; sizeof buf)
    printf (&quot;%s\n&quot;, buf);
    /* Prints: +1.41421356237309504880e+00 */
  quadmath_snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, &quot;%Qa&quot;, r);
  if ((size_t) n &lt; sizeof buf)
    printf (&quot;%s\n&quot;, buf);
    /* Prints: 0x1.6a09e667f3bcc908b2fb1366ea96p+0 */
  n = quadmath_snprintf (NULL, 0, &quot;%+-#46.*Qe&quot;, prec, r);
  if (n &gt; -1)
    {
      char *str = malloc (n + 1);
      if (str)
        {
          quadmath_snprintf (str, n + 1, &quot;%+-#46.*Qe&quot;, prec, r);
          printf (&quot;%s\n&quot;, str);
          /* Prints: +1.41421356237309504880e+00 */
        }
      free (str);
    }
  return 0;
}
</pre></div>

</dd>
</dl>



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Next: <a href="#Reporting-Bugs" accesskey="n" rel="next">Reporting Bugs</a>, Previous: <a href="#I_002fO-Library-Routines" accesskey="p" rel="prev">I/O Library Routines</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p>
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre></div>

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<p>A &ldquo;Modified Version&rdquo; of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
</p>
<p>A &ldquo;Secondary Section&rdquo; is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&rsquo;s overall
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commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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</p>
<p>The &ldquo;Invariant Sections&rdquo; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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</p>
<p>The &ldquo;Cover Texts&rdquo; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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</p>
<p>A &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
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<p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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<p>The &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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<p>The &ldquo;publisher&rdquo; means any person or entity that distributes copies
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<p>A section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; means a named subunit of the Document whose
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section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; according to this definition.
</p>
<p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
no effect on the meaning of this License.
</p>
</li><li> VERBATIM COPYING

<p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
</p>
<p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
</p>
</li><li> COPYING IN QUANTITY

<p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document&rsquo;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
</p>
<p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
</p>
<p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
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a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
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</p>
<p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</p>
</li><li> MODIFICATIONS

<p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
</p>
<ol type="A" start="1">
<li> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

</li><li> List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.

</li><li> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.

</li><li> Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

</li><li> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.

</li><li> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

</li><li> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document&rsquo;s license notice.

</li><li> Include an unaltered copy of this License.

</li><li> Preserve the section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;, Preserve its Title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
there is no section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo; in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.

</li><li> Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on.  These may be placed in the &ldquo;History&rdquo; section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

</li><li> For any section Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo; or &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, Preserve
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.

</li><li> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

</li><li> Delete any section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;.  Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.

</li><li> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo; or
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

</li><li> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
</li></ol>

<p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&rsquo;s license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
</p>
<p>You may add a section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties&mdash;for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
</p>
<p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
</p>
<p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
</p>
</li><li> COMBINING DOCUMENTS

<p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
</p>
<p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
</p>
<p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
&ldquo;History&rdquo;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
and any sections Entitled &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;.  You must delete all
sections Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements.&rdquo;
</p>
</li><li> COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

<p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
</p>
<p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</p>
</li><li> AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

<p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation&rsquo;s users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
</p>
<p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document&rsquo;s Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.
</p>
</li><li> TRANSLATION

<p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
</p>
<p>If a section in the Document is Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
&ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
</p>
</li><li> TERMINATION

<p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
</p>
<p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
</p>
<p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
</p>
<p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
not give you any rights to use it.
</p>
</li><li> FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

<p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>.
</p>
<p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
License can be used, that proxy&rsquo;s public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
Document.
</p>
</li><li> RELICENSING

<p>&ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC Site&rdquo;) means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
&ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC&rdquo;) contained in the
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
site.
</p>
<p>&ldquo;CC-BY-SA&rdquo; means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
</p>
<p>&ldquo;Incorporate&rdquo; means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
</p>
<p>An MMC is &ldquo;eligible for relicensing&rdquo; if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
</p>
<p>The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
</p>
</li></ol>

<a name="ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3>

<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">  Copyright (C)  <var>year</var>  <var>your name</var>.
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  Free Documentation License''.
</pre></div>

<p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the &ldquo;with...Texts.&rdquo; line with this:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">    with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with
    the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
    being <var>list</var>.
</pre></div>

<p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
</p>
<p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
</p>




<hr>
<a name="Reporting-Bugs"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Previous: <a href="#GNU-Free-Documentation-License" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p>
</div>
<a name="Reporting-Bugs-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">4 Reporting Bugs</h2>

<p>Bugs in the GCC Quad-Precision Math Library implementation should be
reported via <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs">file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs</a>.
</p>



<hr>



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gcc-4.8-doc 4.8.5-4ubuntu8 / usr / share / doc / gcc-4.8-base / libquadmath.html
