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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<hr>
<h1 id="sec41" class="chapter">Chapter 5  Reference manual</h1>
<h2 id="sec42" class="section">5.1  Lexical syntax of <span style="font-family:sans-serif">Frown</span></h2>
<p>⟨<span style="font-weight:bold">To do:</span> that of Haskell including comments.⟩</p><p>⟨<span style="font-weight:bold">To do:</span> Literate grammar file (Bird tracks)⟩.</p>
<h2 id="sec43" class="section">5.2  Syntax of <span style="font-family:sans-serif">Frown</span></h2>
<p>Grammar file.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  file                          :  many "not special",</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                   "%{",</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                   many decl;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                   "}%",</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                   many "not special";
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Note that <span style="font-family:monospace">"not special"</span> matches every token except the special curly
braces <span style="font-family:monospace">"%{"</span> and <span style="font-family:monospace">"}%"</span>.</p><p>Declaration.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  decl                          :  terminals;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  nonterminals;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  fixity;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  signature;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  productions;
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Terminal declaration.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  terminals                     :  "Terminal", "=", sepBy term "|", ";";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  term                          :  opt "*", assoc, terminal;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  opt "*", assoc, literal, "=", terminal; </span>-- deprecated</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  opt "*", assoc, terminal,          "as", literal;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  opt "*", assoc, "guard", haskell,  "as", literal;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  assoc                         :  ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "left",      </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Numeral</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "right",     </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Numeral</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "nonassoc",  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Numeral</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Nonterminal declaration.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  nonterminals                  :  "Nonterminal", "=", sepBy nonterm "|", ";";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  nonterm                       :  opt "*", nonterminal;
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Fixity declaration.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  fixity                        : "left",      </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Numeral</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">, terminal, ";";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                | "right",     </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Numeral</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">, terminal, ";";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                | "nonassoc",  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Numeral</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">, terminal, ";";
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Type signature.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  signature                     :  "::", nonterminal, premise, ";";  </span>-- deprecated</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  nonterminal, premise, ";";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "::", "*", nonterminal, ";";      </span>-- deprecated</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "*", nonterminal, ";";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  premise                       :  ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "&lt;-", sepBy1 nonterminal ",";
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Productions.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  productions                   :  nonterminal, ":", sepBy symbol ",", ";", alts;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  alts                          :  ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  attributes, "|", sepBy symbol ",", ";", alts;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  symbol                        :  "insert",  terminal;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "delete",  terminal;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "prec",    terminal;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  terminal;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  nonterminal;
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Nonterminal symbols (<span style="font-family:monospace">expr0</span> is a variant of <span style="font-family:monospace">expr</span> lacking the
embedded Haskell production).

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  nonterminal                   :  expr0, attributes;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  expr0                         :  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Varid</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">, many aexpr0;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  aexpr0                        :  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Varid</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Conid</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  literal;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "(", sepBy expr ",", ")";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "[", sepBy expr ",", "]";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  expr                          :  aexpr;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Varid</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">, many1 aexpr;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Conid</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">, many1 aexpr;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  aexpr                         :  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Varid</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Conid</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  literal;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "(", sepBy expr ",", ")";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "[", sepBy expr ",", "]";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  haskell;                       </span>-- embedded Haskell<span style="font-family:monospace">
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Terminal symbols.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  terminal                      :  pat;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  literal, haskell, attributes;  </span>-- shortcut</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  pat                           :  apat;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Conid</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">, many1 apat;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  apat                          :  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Conid</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  literal;                       </span>-- either literal or shortcut</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "(", sepBy pat ",", ")";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "[", sepBy pat ",", "]";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  haskell;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  literal                       :  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">String</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Numeral</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Char</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">;
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Embedded Haskell (types, patterns, and expressions).

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  attributes                    :  ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  haskell, attributes;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  haskell                       :  "{", many hs, "}";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  hs                            :  "not brace";</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |  "{", many hs, "}";
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Note that <span style="font-family:monospace">"not brace"</span> matches every token except the curly braces
<span style="font-family:monospace">"{"</span> and <span style="font-family:monospace">"}"</span>.
</p>
<h2 id="sec44" class="section">5.3  Predefined schemes</h2>
<p>
<a id="sec:stdenv"></a>
</p><p>Note that the predefined rules are left-recursive and ‘run’ using
constant stack space. Also note that we define rules for arity zero
and arity one (the arity specifies the number of attributes/semantic
values). The primed versions of the rules work on Hughes’s efficient
sequence type (a sequence of <span style="font-family:monospace">a</span>’s is represented by a function of
type <span style="font-family:monospace">[a] -&gt; [a]</span>).</p>
<h3 id="sec45" class="subsection">5.3.1  Optional elements</h3>
<p>Arity zero.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  opt x                         &lt;-  x;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  opt x                         :   ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |   x;
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Arity one.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  opt x  {</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Maybe</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> a}              &lt;-  x {a};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  opt x  {</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Nothing</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">}              :   ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;         {</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Just</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> a}               |   x {a};
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
</p>
<h3 id="sec46" class="subsection">5.3.2  Repetition of elements</h3>
<p>Arity zero.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many x                        &lt;-  x;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many x                        :   ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |   many x, x;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many1 x                       &lt;-  x;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many1 x                       :   x, many x;
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Arity one.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many x  {[a]}                  &lt;-  x {a};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many x  {s []}                 :   many’ x {s};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many’ x  {[a] -&gt; [a]}          &lt;-  x {a};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many’ x  {\ as -&gt; as}          :   ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;           {\ as -&gt; s (a : as)}  |   many’ x {s}, x {a};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many1 x  {[a]}                 &lt;-  x {a};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  many1 x  {a : as}              :   x {a}, many x {as};
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
</p>
<h3 id="sec47" class="subsection">5.3.3  Repetition of elements separated by a second element</h3>
<p>Arity zero.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy x sep                   &lt;-  x, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy x sep                   :   ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |   sepBy1 x sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy1 x sep                  &lt;-  x, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy1 x sep                  :   x;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |   sepBy1 x sep, sep, x;
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Arity one.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy x sep  {[a]}            &lt;-  x {a}, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy x sep  {[]}             :   ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;               {as}             |   sepBy1 x sep {as};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy1 x sep  {[a]}           &lt;-  x {a}, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy1 x sep  {s []}          :   sepBy1’ x sep {s};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy1’ x sep  {[a] -&gt; [a]}   &lt;-  x {a}, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  sepBy1’ x sep</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;      {\ as -&gt; a : as}          :   x {a};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;      {\ as -&gt; s (a : as)}      |   sepBy1’ x sep {s}, sep, x {a};
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
TODO: also versions where <span style="font-family:monospace">sep</span> has arity one.</p>
<h3 id="sec48" class="subsection">5.3.4  Repetition of possibly empty elements separated by a second element</h3>
<p>⟨<span style="font-weight:bold">To do:</span> better name.⟩</p><p>Arity zero.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  optSepBy x sep                &lt;-  x, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  optSepBy x sep                :   ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |   x;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |   optSepBy x sep, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                |   optSepBy x sep, sep, x;
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
Arity one.

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
</p><table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  optSepBy x sep  {[a]}          &lt;-  x {a}, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  optSepBy x sep  {s []}         :   optSepBy’ x sep {s};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  optSepBy’ x sep  {[a] -&gt; [a]}  &lt;-  x {a}, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  optSepBy’ x sep</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;      {\ as -&gt; as}               :   ;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;      {\ as -&gt; a : as}           |   x {a};</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;      {\ as -&gt; s as}             |   optSepBy’ x sep {s}, sep;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;      {\ as -&gt; s (a : as)}       |   optSepBy’ x sep {s}, sep, x {a};
</span></td></tr>
</table><p>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
</p>
<h2 id="sec49" class="section">5.4  Output formats</h2>
<p>
<a id="sec:formats"></a>
</p><p>⟨<span style="font-weight:bold">To do:</span> Used type names: <span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Result</span></span> and <span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Terminal</span></span>.⟩</p><p>⟨<span style="font-weight:bold">To do:</span> Used function names: <span style="font-family:monospace">frown</span>. For each start symbol a parser.⟩</p><p>The <span style="font-family:monospace">code=standard</span> format is due to Doaitse Swierstra [<a href="Manual007.html#DuS00Fun">1</a>].</p><p>The <span style="font-family:monospace">code=stackless</span> format is due to Ross Paterson [<a href="Manual007.html#HiP05Typ">2</a>].</p><p>The <span style="font-family:monospace">code=gvstack</span> format is also due to Ross Paterson.</p><blockquote class="figure"><div class="center"><hr style="width:80%;height:2"></div>

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
<table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">module</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">where</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">import</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Result</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span>{- frown :-( -}</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">data</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Stack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">                      =  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Empty</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> | </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">State</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Stack</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">data</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">State</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">                      =  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> | </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_2</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> | </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_3</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> | </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_4</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> | </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_5</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> | </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_6</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">data</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Nonterminal</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">                =  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  paren tr                        =  parse_1 tr </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Empty</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> &gt;&gt;= (\ </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> -&gt; return ())</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_1 ts st                   =  reduce_2 ts </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> st</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_2 tr@[] st                =  parse_3 tr (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_2</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> st)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_2 (</span><span style="font-family:monospace">’(’</span><span style="font-family:monospace"> : tr) st           =  parse_5 tr (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_2</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> st)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_2 ts st                   =  frown ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_3 ts st                   =  reduce_1 ts st</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_4 (</span><span style="font-family:monospace">’(’</span><span style="font-family:monospace"> : tr) st           =  parse_5 tr (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_4</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> st)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_4 (</span><span style="font-family:monospace">’)’</span><span style="font-family:monospace"> : tr) st           =  parse_6 tr (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_4</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> st)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_4 ts st                   =  frown ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_5 ts st                   =  reduce_2 ts </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_5</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> st</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  parse_6 ts st                   =  reduce_3 ts st</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  reduce_1 ts (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> _ (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> s st))  =  return </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  reduce_2 ts s st                =  goto_5 s ts (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> s st)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  reduce_3 ts (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> _ (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> _ (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> _ (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> s st))))</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                  =  goto_5 s ts (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">T_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> s st)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  goto_5 </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_1</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">                      =  parse_2</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  goto_5 </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">S_5</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">                      =  parse_4</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span>{- )-: frown -}</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  frown _                         =  fail "syntax error"</span></td></tr>
</table>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
<div class="caption"><table style="border-spacing:6px;border-collapse:separate;" class="cellpading0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;" >Figure 5.1: <a id="fig:ex1cc"></a><span style="font-family:monospace">frown --code=compact Paren.g</span>.</td></tr>
</table></div>
<div class="center"><hr style="width:80%;height:2"></div></blockquote><blockquote class="figure"><div class="center"><hr style="width:80%;height:2"></div>

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
<table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">module</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">where</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">import</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Result</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span>{- frown :-( -}</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  paren tr                      =  state_1 (\ _ -&gt; return ()) tr</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_1 k_1_0 ts              =  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">let</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> { goto_paren = state_2 k_1_0 (reduce_3 goto_paren) }</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                   </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">in</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> reduce_2 goto_paren ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_2 k_1_1 k_3_1 ts        =  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">case</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> ts </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">of</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> {  tr@[]     -&gt; state_3 k_1_1 tr;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                                 </span><span style="font-family:monospace">’(’</span><span style="font-family:monospace"> : tr  -&gt; state_5 k_3_1 tr;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                                 _         -&gt; frown ts }</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_3 k_1_2 ts              =  k_1_2 ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_4 k_3_1 k_3_3 ts        =  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">case</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> ts </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">of</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> {  </span><span style="font-family:monospace">’(’</span><span style="font-family:monospace"> : tr  -&gt; state_5 k_3_1 tr;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                                 </span><span style="font-family:monospace">’)’</span><span style="font-family:monospace"> : tr  -&gt; state_6 k_3_3 tr;</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                                 _         -&gt; frown ts }</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_5 k_3_2 ts              =  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">let</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> { goto_paren = state_4 (reduce_3 goto_paren) k_3_2 }</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                   </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">in</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> reduce_2 goto_paren ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_6 k_3_4 ts              =  k_3_4 ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  reduce_2 g ts                 =  g ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  reduce_3 g ts                 =  g ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span>{- )-: frown -}</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  frown _                       =  fail "syntax error"</span></td></tr>
</table>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
<div class="caption"><table style="border-spacing:6px;border-collapse:separate;" class="cellpading0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;" >Figure 5.2: <a id="fig:ex1cs"></a><span style="font-family:monospace">frown --code=stackless Paren.g</span>.</td></tr>
</table></div>
<div class="center"><hr style="width:80%;height:2"></div></blockquote><blockquote class="figure"><div class="center"><hr style="width:80%;height:2"></div>

<TABLE BORDER="2" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD>
<table style="border:0;border-spacing:0" class="cellpadding0"><tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">module</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">where</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">import</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Result</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span>{- frown :-( -}</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;   </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">data</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Nonterminal</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">              =   </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren’</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> | </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">type</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Parser</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">                   =   [</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Terminal</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">] -&gt; </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Result</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Nonterminal</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">type</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> vs v              =   ((vs, </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Nonterminal</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> -&gt; </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Parser</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">), v)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  paren tr                      =   state_1 () tr &gt;&gt;= (\ </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren’</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> -&gt; return ())</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_1                       ::  vs -&gt; </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Parser</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_1                       =   state action_1 goto_1</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  action_1 t                    =   reduce_2</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  goto_1 </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">                  =   goto state_2 ()</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_2                       ::  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> vs () -&gt; </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Parser</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_2                       =  state action_2 undefined</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  action_2 t                    =  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">case</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> t </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">of</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> {  </span><span style="font-family:monospace">’(’</span><span style="font-family:monospace">  -&gt; shift state_5 ();</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                                </span><span style="font-family:monospace">’$’</span><span style="font-family:monospace">  -&gt; shift state_3 ();</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                                _    -&gt; error }</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_3                       ::  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> vs ()) () -&gt; </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Parser</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_3                       =   state action_3 undefined</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  action_3 t                    =   reduce_1</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_4                       ::  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> vs ()) ()) () -&gt; </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Parser</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_4                       =   state action_4 undefined</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  action_4 t                    =   </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">case</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> t </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">of</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> {  </span><span style="font-family:monospace">’(’</span><span style="font-family:monospace">  -&gt; shift state_5 ();</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                                 </span><span style="font-family:monospace">’)’</span><span style="font-family:monospace">  -&gt; shift state_6 ();</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                                 _    -&gt; error }</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_5                       ::  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> vs ()) () -&gt; </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Parser</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_5                       =   state action_5 goto_5</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  action_5 t                    =   reduce_2</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  goto_5 </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace">                  =   goto state_4 ()</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_6                       ::  </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> (</span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">VStack</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> vs ()) ()) ()) () -&gt; </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Parser</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state_6                       =   state action_6 undefined</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  action_6 t                    =   reduce_3</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  reduce_1 (((((_, g), ()), _), ()), _) ts </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                =   accept </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren’</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  reduce_2 (_, g) ts            =   g </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  reduce_3 (((((((((_, g), ()), _), ()), _), ()), _), ()), _) ts </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;                                =   g </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Paren</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  state action goto vs ts       =   </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">let</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> { gs = (vs, g); g v = goto v gs } </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-weight:bold">in</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> action (head ts) gs ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  shift state v vs ts           =   state (vs, v) (tail ts)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  shift’ state v vs ts          =   state (vs, v) ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  accept v _                    =   return v</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  goto state v vs               =   state (vs, v)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  error gs ts                   =   frown ts</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt; </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span>{- )-: frown -}</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap" ><span style="font-family:monospace">&gt;  frown _                       =   fail "syntax error"</span></td></tr>
</table>

</TD></TR></TABLE><P>
<div class="caption"><table style="border-spacing:6px;border-collapse:separate;" class="cellpading0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;" >Figure 5.3: <a id="fig:ex1cg"></a><span style="font-family:monospace">frown --code=gvstack Paren.g</span> (requires an explicit EOF symbol).</td></tr>
</table></div>
<div class="center"><hr style="width:80%;height:2"></div></blockquote>
<h2 id="sec50" class="section">5.5  Invocation and options</h2>
<p>
<a id="sec:options"></a>
</p><p><span style="font-family:monospace">Usage: frown [option ...] file.g ...</span></p><dl class="description"><dt class="dt-description">
<span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-b</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--backtrack</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
generate a backtracking parser (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Abacktracking">3.2.5</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-cc</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold">, </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-ccompact</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--code=compact</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aoptimizations">3.4.5</a> and <a href="#sec%3Aformats">5.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-cg</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold">, </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-cgvstack</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--code=gvstack</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aoptimizations">3.4.5</a> and <a href="#sec%3Aformats">5.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-cs</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold">, </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-cstackless</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--code=stackless</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aoptimizations">3.4.5</a> and <a href="#sec%3Aformats">5.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-cstandard</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--code=standard</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aoptimizations">3.4.5</a> and <a href="#sec%3Aformats">5.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--copying</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
display details of copying</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-d</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--debug</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 emit debugging information (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Atracing">3.4.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-e</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--expected</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 pass a list of expected terminals to ‘<span style="font-family:monospace">frown</span>’ (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aexpected">3.3.3</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-g</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--ghc</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 use GHC extensions (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aoptimizations">3.4.5</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-h</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold">, </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-?</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--help</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>

</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-i</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--info</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 put additional information into generated file (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Atracing">3.4.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-k[nat]</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--lookahead[=nat]</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 use <span style="font-style:italic">k</span> tokens of look-ahead (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Alook-ahead">3.4.3</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-l</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--lexer</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 use a monadic lexer (<span style="font-family:monospace">get :: </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">M</span></span><span style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span style="font-family:monospace"><span style="font-style:italic">Terminal</span></span>) (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Amlexer">3.3.1</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-n</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--noinline</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 generate <span style="font-family:monospace">NOINLINE</span> pragmas (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aoptimizations">3.4.5</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-O</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--optimize </span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 optimize parser (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aoptimizations">3.4.5</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-p[nat]</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--pagewidth[=nat]</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 use the specified pagewidth for pretty printing (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Atracing">3.4.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--prefix[=string]</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 use prefix for <span style="font-family:sans-serif">Frown</span>-generated variables (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Atracing">3.4.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-sm</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold">, </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-smono</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--signature=mono</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 add monomorphic type signatures (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aoptimizations">3.4.5</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-sp</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold">, </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-spoly</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--signature=poly</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 add polymorphic type signatures (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Aoptimizations">3.4.5</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--suffix[=string]</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 use suffix for frown generated variables (see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Atracing">3.4.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-t</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--trace</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 insert calls to tracing routines (‘<span style="font-family:monospace">shift</span>’, ‘<span style="font-family:monospace">reduce</span>’ and ‘<span style="font-family:monospace">accept</span>’)
(see Sec. <a href="Manual004.html#sec%3Atracing">3.4.4</a>)</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">-v</span></span><span style="font-weight:bold"> or </span><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--verbose</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 be verbose</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--version</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 print version information</dd><dt class="dt-description"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:monospace">--warranty</span></span></dt><dd class="dd-description"> <br>
 display details of warranty
</dd></dl><hr>
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