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<a name="Invoking-m4"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="Syntax.html#Syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">Syntax</a>, Previous: <a href="Preliminaries.html#Preliminaries" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Preliminaries</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Indices.html#Indices" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="Invoking-m4-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">2 Invoking <code>m4</code></h2>

<a name="index-command-line"></a>
<a name="index-invoking-m4"></a>
<p>The format of the <code>m4</code> command is:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example"><code>m4</code> <span class="roman">[</span><var>option</var>&hellip;<span class="roman">]</span> <span class="roman">[</span><var>file</var>&hellip;<span class="roman">]</span>
</pre></div>

<a name="index-command-line_002c-options"></a>
<a name="index-options_002c-command-line"></a>
<a name="index-POSIXLY_005fCORRECT"></a>
<p>All options begin with &lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo;, or if long option names are used, with
&lsquo;<samp>--</samp>&rsquo;.  A long option name need not be written completely, any
unambiguous prefix is sufficient.  POSIX requires <code>m4</code> to
recognize arguments intermixed with files, even when
<code>POSIXLY_CORRECT</code> is set in the environment.  Most options take
effect at startup regardless of their position, but some are documented
below as taking effect after any files that occurred earlier in the
command line.  The argument <samp>--</samp> is a marker to denote the end of
options.
</p>
<p>With short options, options that do not take arguments may be combined
into a single command line argument with subsequent options, options
with mandatory arguments may be provided either as a single command line
argument or as two arguments, and options with optional arguments must
be provided as a single argument.  In other words,
<kbd>m4 -QPDfoo -d a -df</kbd> is equivalent to
<kbd>m4 -Q -P -D foo -d -df -- ./a</kbd>, although the latter form is
considered canonical.
</p>
<p>With long options, options with mandatory arguments may be provided with
an equal sign (&lsquo;<samp>=</samp>&rsquo;) in a single argument, or as two arguments, and
options with optional arguments must be provided as a single argument.
In other words, <kbd>m4 --def foo --debug a</kbd> is equivalent to
<kbd>m4 --define=foo --debug= -- ./a</kbd>, although the latter form is
considered canonical (not to mention more robust, in case a future
version of <code>m4</code> introduces an option named <samp>--default</samp>).
</p>
<p><code>m4</code> understands the following options, grouped by functionality.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Operation-modes.html#Operation-modes" accesskey="1">Operation modes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Command line options for operation modes
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Preprocessor-features.html#Preprocessor-features" accesskey="2">Preprocessor features</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Command line options for preprocessor features
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Limits-control.html#Limits-control" accesskey="3">Limits control</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Command line options for limits control
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Frozen-state.html#Frozen-state" accesskey="4">Frozen state</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Command line options for frozen state
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Debugging-options.html#Debugging-options" accesskey="5">Debugging options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Command line options for debugging
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Command-line-files.html#Command-line-files" accesskey="6">Command line files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying input files on the command line
</td></tr>
</table>

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