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<!-- -*- sgml -*- -->
<html>

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage Express 2.0">
<title>Experimental DSSSL extensions for XSL</title>
</head>

<body background="images/background.gif" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">

<p><font face="Arial"><img src="images/dsssltitle.gif"
alt="OpenJade" vspace="10" width="750" height="60"> </font></p>
<div align="left">

<table border="0" width="780">
    <tr>
        <td valign="top"><font face="Arial"><img
        src="images/space.gif" alt="" width="145" height="10"></font></td>
        <td><h1><font face="Arial">Experimental DSSSL extensions</font></h1>
        <h2><font face="Arial">Contents</font></h2>
        <ul>
            <li><a href="#Introduction"><font face="Arial">Introduction</font></a><font
                face="Arial"> </font></li>
            <li><a href="#Imperative programming"><font
                face="Arial">Imperative programming</font></a><font
                face="Arial"> </font></li>
            <li><a href="#Style rules"><font face="Arial">Style
                rules</font></a><font face="Arial"> </font></li>
            <li><a href="#ExtendedPatterns"><font face="Arial">Extended
                Patterns</font></a><font face="Arial"> </font></li>
            <li><a href="#Multiple patterns per rule"><font
                face="Arial">Multiple patterns per rule</font></a><font
                face="Arial"> </font></li>
            <li><a href="#Flow object macros"><font face="Arial">Flow
                object macros</font></a><font face="Arial"> </font></li>
            <li><a href="#Characteristic value conversion"><font
                face="Arial">Characteristic value convertion</font></a><font
                face="Arial"> </font></li>
            <li><a href="#Characteristic names"><font
                face="Arial">Characteristic names</font></a><font
                face="Arial"> </font></li>
	    <li><a href="#char-map""><font face="Arial">
               The char-map characteristic</font></a></li>
        </ul>
        <h2><a name="Introduction"><font face="Arial">Introduction</font></a></h2>
        <p><font face="Arial">This document descibes some
        experimental extensions to DSSSL that are implemented in OpenJade.
        These are designed so that, with these
        extensions, DSSSL provides a superset of the semantics </font><a
        href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-XSL-970910"><font
        face="Arial">XSL</font></a><font face="Arial"> for flow
        object tree construction. OpenJade has a <code>-2</code>
        option that enables these extensions. </font></p>
        <p><font face="Arial">These extensions do not include the
        additional flow object classes and characteristics that
        will be needed for XSL; in particular they do not include
        the HTML/CSS flow object classes. </font></p>
        <p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
        src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
        width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
        size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
        size="2" face="Arial">&nbsp;</font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
        <h2><a name="Imperative programming"><font face="Arial">Imperative
        programming</font></a></h2>
        <p><font face="Arial">The following features come from R4RS:
        </font></p>
        <ul>
            <li><font face="Arial">assignment (<code>set!</code>)
                expressions (with </font><a href="#read-only"><font
                face="Arial">restrictions</font></a><font
                face="Arial">) </font></li>
            <li><font face="Arial">vectors (with </font><a
                href="#read-only"><font face="Arial">restrictions</font></a><font
                face="Arial">) </font></li>
            <li><font face="Arial"><code>call-with-current-continuation</code>
                (with </font><a href="#call/cc"><font
                face="Arial">restrictions</font></a><font
                face="Arial">) </font></li>
            <li><font face="Arial"><code>begin</code> expressions
                </font></li>
            <li><font face="Arial">multiple expressions in
                procedure bodies, <code>cond</code> clauses </font></li>
            <li><font face="Arial">alternate in <code>if</code>
                expression optional </font></li>
            <li><font face="Arial">it is not an error when
                nothing matches in <code>cond</code> or <code>case</code>
                expression </font></li>
            <li><font face="Arial"><code>eqv?</code> and <code>memv</code>
                procedures; these behave as specified in R4RS for
                vectors but behave the same as <code>equal?</code>
                for strings and lists </font><p><font
                face="Arial">This is so that case expressions can
                use <code>eqv?</code> as required by R4RS without
                breaking compatibility with existing DSSSL code
                which assumes case expressions with strings and
                lists will use <code>equal?</code>. R4RS
                specifies that <code>eqv?</code> should return #t
                when its arguments &quot;should normally be
                regarded as the same object&quot;. R4RS treats
                strings and lists as mutable and its
                specification of <code>eqv?</code> for strings
                and lists is consistent with this. So long as
                DSSSL keeps strings and lists as immutable data-types
                with value semantics, it is more consistent to
                define <code>eqv?</code> to behave like <code>equal?</code>
                for them. </font></p>
            </li>
        </ul>
        <p><font face="Arial">The use of side-effects is
        restricted. Assignment to top-level variables is not
        allowed. There is also the concept that a memory location
        can be read-only. When a memory location is read-only, it
        is an error to change that location. An memory location
        can be recursively marked as read-only; this means that
        the memory location along with all memory locations
        reachable from that memory location become read-only. A
        memory location is recursively marked as read-only when: </font></p>
        <ul>
            <li><font face="Arial">an object stored in that
                memory location is bound to a top-level variable </font></li>
            <li><font face="Arial">an expression specifying a
                characteristic is evaluated and a variable that
                names that memory location occurs free in that
                expression; for example, this would be an error: </font><pre><font
face="Arial">
(let ((x 10pt))
  (make paragraph
    font-size: (begin (set! x 12pt) x)))
</font></pre>
            </li>
            <li><font face="Arial">an object stored in that
                memory location is returned by a <code>(inherited-</code><code><var>C</var></code><code>)</code>
                or <code>(actual-</code><code><var>C</var></code><code>)</code>
                procedure </font></li>
            <li><font face="Arial">an object stored in that
                memory location is passed as the first argument
                to the <code>node-list-map</code> procedure </font></li>
        </ul>
        <p><font face="Arial">A continuation created with <code>call-with-current-continuation</code>
        cannot be called if it is read-only, and can only be used
        to return to a stack frame in the current call chain (sometimes
        referred to as upwards only). </font></p>
        <p><font face="Arial">There's a <code>void</code> data
        type with a single value which can be written as <code>#v</code>.
        This is returned by <code>cond</code>, <code>case</code>
        and <code>if</code> expressions which don't match. </font></p>
        <p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
        src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
        width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
        size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
        size="2" face="Arial">&nbsp;</font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
        <h2><a name="Style rules"><font face="Arial">Style rules</font></a></h2>
        <p><font face="Arial">When a construction rule has a
        keyword argument list instead of a construct expression
        it is treated as a style rule. For example, </font></p>
        <pre><font face="Arial">
(element H1
  font-size: 14pt
  font-weight: 'bold)
</font></pre>
        <p><font face="Arial">The keyword argument list can
        include a <code>use:</code> keyword just as with <code>style</code>
        expressions. See the </font><a
        href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-XSL-970910"><font
        face="Arial">XSL proposal</font></a><font face="Arial">
        for the semantics of style rules. </font></p>
        <p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
        src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
        width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
        size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
        size="2" face="Arial">&nbsp;</font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
        <h2><a name="ExtendedPatterns"><font face="Arial">Extended
        patterns</font></a></h2>
        <p><font face="Arial">The syntax for element patterns is
        extended. These provide provide a superset of the
        semantics of XSL patterns. They are allowed both in
        element construction rules and in contexts where a <code>match-element?</code>
        pattern is currently allowed (eg <code>select-elements</code>,
        <code>process-matching-children</code>, <code>process-first-descendant</code>).
        </font></p>
        <p><font face="Arial">A pattern is either a single gi or
        a list. A list consists of a sequence of gis, where each
        gi can be followed by one or more keyword/value pairs (where
        the value is always a single datum). A gi can be #t, a
        string or a symbol. The following keywords are allowed: </font></p>
        <dl>
            <dt><font face="Arial"><code>id:</code> </font></dt>
            <dd><font face="Arial">followed by a string or symbol
                </font></dd>
            <dt><font face="Arial"><code>class:</code> </font></dt>
            <dd><font face="Arial">followed by a string or symbol
                </font></dd>
            <dt><font face="Arial"><code>repeat:</code> </font></dt>
            <dd><font face="Arial">followed by one of the symbols
                <code>*</code>, <code>+</code>, <code>?</code> </font></dd>
            <dt><font face="Arial"><code>only:</code> </font></dt>
            <dd><font face="Arial">followed by one of the symbols
                <code>of-type</code>, <code>of-any</code> </font></dd>
            <dt><font face="Arial"><code>position:</code> </font></dt>
            <dd><font face="Arial">followed by one of the symbols
                <code>first-of-type</code>, <code>first-of-any</code>,
                <code>last-of-type</code>, <code>last-of-any</code>
                </font></dd>
            <dt><font face="Arial"><code>attributes:</code> </font></dt>
            <dd><font face="Arial">followed by a list of name/value
                pairs; for backward compatibility with <code>match-element?</code>
                patterns in the current DSSSL standard the <code>attributes:</code>
                keyword can be omitted; #t and #f can be used as
                a value to test for presence or absence of
                attributes. </font></dd>
            <dt><font face="Arial"><code>children:</code> </font></dt>
            <dd><font face="Arial">followed by a pattern; each of
                the elements in the pattern must occur as child; <code>repeat:</code>
                is not allowed in children patterns; the <code>children:</code>
                qualifier is allowed on any gi in a pattern not
                just the last element </font></dd>
            <dt><font face="Arial"><code>priority:</code> </font></dt>
            <dd><font face="Arial">followed by an integer;
                multiple <code>priority:</code> qualifiers are
                allowed in a pattern and will be added together </font></dd>
            <dt><font face="Arial"><code>importance:</code> </font></dt>
            <dd><font face="Arial">followed by an integer;
                multiple <code>importance:</code> qualifiers are
                allowed and will be added together </font></dd>
        </dl>
        <p><font face="Arial">Class attribute names are declared
        using </font></p>
        <pre><font face="Arial">
(declare-class-attribute &quot;<var>class</var>&quot;)
</font></pre>
        <p><font face="Arial">or </font></p>
        <pre><font face="Arial">
(declare-class-attribute <var>class</var>)
</font></pre>
        <p><font face="Arial">Id attribute names can be declared
        similarily using <code>declare-id-attribute</code>. </font></p>
        <p><font face="Arial">Some examples: </font></p>
        <pre><font face="Arial">
(element (E importance: 42) <var>...</var>)

(element (E attributes: (A1 V1)) <var>...</var>)

(element (P E children: C) <var>...</var>)

(element (P children: C priority: -11
          E children: C attributes: (A1 V1 A2 V2))
 <var>...</var>)

(element (P E children: (A children: C B children: C)) <var>...</var>)
</font></pre>
        <p><font face="Arial">The last is equivalent to the
        following in XSL syntax: </font></p>
        <pre><font face="Arial">
&lt;element type=&quot;P&quot;&gt;
  &lt;target-element type=&quot;E&quot;&gt;
     &lt;element type=&quot;A&quot;&gt;
       &lt;element type=&quot;C&quot;/&gt;
     &lt;/element&gt;
     &lt;element type=&quot;B&quot;&gt;
       &lt;element type=&quot;C&quot;/&gt;
     &lt;/element&gt;
  &lt;/target-element&gt;
&lt;/element&gt;
</font></pre>
        <pre><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0" width="11"
height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font size="3" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="3" face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></pre>
        <h2><a name="Multiple patterns per rule"><font
        face="Arial">Multiple patterns per rule</font></a></h2>
        <p><font face="Arial">An <code>or-element</code>
        construction rule has the syntax </font></p>
        <pre><font face="Arial">
(or-element (<var>pattern</var>+) <var>expression</var>)
</font></pre>
        <p><font face="Arial">where <code><var>pattern</var></code>
        is any pattern that could be allowed in an element
        construction rule. It is equivalent to a sequence of
        element construction rules. </font></p>
        <p><font face="Arial">For example, </font></p>
        <pre><font face="Arial">
(or-element (H1 H2 H3)
  font-weight: 'bold)

(or-element ((H1 TITLE) (H2 TITLE) (H3 TITLE))
  font-weight: 'bold)
</font></pre>
        <p><font face="Arial">is equivalent to </font></p>
        <pre><font face="Arial">
(element H1
  font-weight: 'bold)

(element H2
  font-weight: 'bold)

(element H3
  font-weight: 'bold)

(element (H1 TITLE)
  font-weight: 'bold)

(element (H2 TITLE)
  font-weight: 'bold)

(element (H3 TITLE)
  font-weight: 'bold)
</font></pre>
        <pre><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0" width="11"
height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font size="3" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial">&nbsp;</font></pre>
        <h2><a name="Flow object macros"><font face="Arial">Flow
        object macros</font></a></h2>
        <p><font face="Arial">A flow object macro can be defined
        like this: </font></p>
        <p align="left"><font face="Arial">&nbsp; </font></p>
        <div align="left"><table border="0" width="546"
        bgcolor="#FFFFBB">
            <tr>
                <td width="542"><dl>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">(declare-flow-object-macro
                        list-item ((indent 1in) (marker &quot;\bullet&quot;)
                        #!contents contents)<br>
                        &nbsp; (make paragraph<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        first-line-start-indent: (- indent)<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        start-indent: (+ indent (inherited-start-indent))<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (make
                        line-field<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        field-width: indent<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (literal marker)</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        )<br>
                        &nbsp; contents</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">&nbsp; )</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">)<br>
                        <br>
                        (root<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (make simple-page-sequence<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (make paragraph<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (literal &quot;Para 1&quot;)</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        )<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (make list-item<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (literal &quot;Item 1&quot;)<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (make list-item<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        indent: .5in<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        marker: &quot;\black-circle&quot;<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (literal &quot;Sub item 1.1&quot;)</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        )</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        )<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (make list-item<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        font-weight: 'bold<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (literal &quot;Item 2&quot;)<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (make list-item<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (literal &quot;Sub item 2.1&quot;)</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        )</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        )<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (make paragraph<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        (literal &quot;Para 2&quot;)</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        )</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; )</font></dt>
                    <dt><font face="Arial">)</font></dt>
                </dl>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>
        </div><p><font face="Arial">If the formal argument list
        includes <code>#!contents</code> the flow object behaves
        like a compound flow object, otherwise like an atomic
        flow object. Inherited characteristics can be specified;
        these are applied to a sequence flow object which is
        automatically wrapped around what is returned by the body
        of the flow object macro. The preceding formal arguments
        are the non-inherited characteristics; like keyword
        arguments they can be specified either as <code><var>id</var></code>
        (in which case they default to #f), or as <code>(</code><code><var>id</var></code><code>
        </code><code><var>init-expression</var></code><code>)</code>.
        </font></p>
        <p><font face="Arial">Note that flow object macros are
        quite different from ordinary procedures in that the
        macro body is not evaluated when the make expression is
        evaluated, but rather when the flow object is to be added
        to the tree; this allows <code>(inherited-</code><code><var>c</var></code><code>)</code>
        and <code>(actual-</code><code><var>c</var></code><code>)</code>
        procedures to be used in flow object macro
        characteristics, non-inherited as well as inherited, just
        as with normal flow objects. It is also possible to use <code>(inherited-</code><code><var>c</var></code><code>)</code>
        and <code>(actual-</code><code><var>c</var></code><code>)</code>
        procedures in the body of the flow object macro; they
        will return the same result as if they were used in the
        specification of a characteristic on the invocation of
        the flow object macro. </font></p>
        <p><font face="Arial">For an example of a library built
        with the macro facility read: </font><a
        href="../DSSSL/HTML%20Sample.html"><font face="Arial">Simple
        XML to HTML Conversion and Rendition Example</font></a><font
        face="Arial"> </font></p>
        <p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
        src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
        width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
        size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
        size="2" face="Arial">&nbsp;</font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
        <h2><a name="Characteristic value conversion"><font
        face="Arial">Characteristic value conversion</font></a></h2>
        <p><font face="Arial">Most characteristic values can now
        be specified as strings and will be converted
        appropriately. For boolean valued characteristics any of
        the strings <code>&quot;true&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;false&quot;</code>,
        <code>&quot;yes&quot;</code> and <code>&quot;no&quot;</code>
        are acceptable. </font></p>
        <p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
        src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
        width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
        size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
        size="2" face="Arial">&nbsp;</font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
        <h2><a name="Characteristic names"><font face="Arial">Characteristic
        names</font></a></h2>
        <p><font face="Arial">The question mark that can be
        omitted from those DSSSL characteristic names that end
        with a question mark. This is because the question mark
        is not (and cannot reasonably be made) a legal XML name
        character. </font></p>
        <p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
        src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
        width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
        size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
        size="2" face="Arial">&nbsp;</font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>

        <h2><a name="char-map"><font face="Arial">
          The char-map characteristic</font></a></h2>
        <p><font face="Arial">
          The char-map inherited characteristic accept, in addition to #f and
	  a procedure, the symbols uppercase, lowercase and capitalize.
          uppercase means to convert every character to upper case, lowercase
          means to convert every character to lower case and capitalize means
          that the first character in every word is converterd to upper case.
          The country: and language: characteristics will determine how
          the case conversion is done.</font></p>

        <p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
        src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
        width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
        size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
        size="2" face="Arial">&nbsp;</font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
        </td>
    </tr>
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