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<title>Experimental DSSSL extensions for XSL</title>
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<td><h1><font face="Arial">Experimental DSSSL extensions</font></h1>
<h2><font face="Arial">Contents</font></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Introduction"><font face="Arial">Introduction</font></a><font
face="Arial"> </font></li>
<li><a href="#Imperative programming"><font
face="Arial">Imperative programming</font></a><font
face="Arial"> </font></li>
<li><a href="#Style rules"><font face="Arial">Style
rules</font></a><font face="Arial"> </font></li>
<li><a href="#ExtendedPatterns"><font face="Arial">Extended
Patterns</font></a><font face="Arial"> </font></li>
<li><a href="#Multiple patterns per rule"><font
face="Arial">Multiple patterns per rule</font></a><font
face="Arial"> </font></li>
<li><a href="#Flow object macros"><font face="Arial">Flow
object macros</font></a><font face="Arial"> </font></li>
<li><a href="#Characteristic value conversion"><font
face="Arial">Characteristic value convertion</font></a><font
face="Arial"> </font></li>
<li><a href="#Characteristic names"><font
face="Arial">Characteristic names</font></a><font
face="Arial"> </font></li>
<li><a href="#char-map""><font face="Arial">
The char-map characteristic</font></a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="Introduction"><font face="Arial">Introduction</font></a></h2>
<p><font face="Arial">This document descibes some
experimental extensions to DSSSL that are implemented in OpenJade.
These are designed so that, with these
extensions, DSSSL provides a superset of the semantics </font><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-XSL-970910"><font
face="Arial">XSL</font></a><font face="Arial"> for flow
object tree construction. OpenJade has a <code>-2</code>
option that enables these extensions. </font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">These extensions do not include the
additional flow object classes and characteristics that
will be needed for XSL; in particular they do not include
the HTML/CSS flow object classes. </font></p>
<p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
<h2><a name="Imperative programming"><font face="Arial">Imperative
programming</font></a></h2>
<p><font face="Arial">The following features come from R4RS:
</font></p>
<ul>
<li><font face="Arial">assignment (<code>set!</code>)
expressions (with </font><a href="#read-only"><font
face="Arial">restrictions</font></a><font
face="Arial">) </font></li>
<li><font face="Arial">vectors (with </font><a
href="#read-only"><font face="Arial">restrictions</font></a><font
face="Arial">) </font></li>
<li><font face="Arial"><code>call-with-current-continuation</code>
(with </font><a href="#call/cc"><font
face="Arial">restrictions</font></a><font
face="Arial">) </font></li>
<li><font face="Arial"><code>begin</code> expressions
</font></li>
<li><font face="Arial">multiple expressions in
procedure bodies, <code>cond</code> clauses </font></li>
<li><font face="Arial">alternate in <code>if</code>
expression optional </font></li>
<li><font face="Arial">it is not an error when
nothing matches in <code>cond</code> or <code>case</code>
expression </font></li>
<li><font face="Arial"><code>eqv?</code> and <code>memv</code>
procedures; these behave as specified in R4RS for
vectors but behave the same as <code>equal?</code>
for strings and lists </font><p><font
face="Arial">This is so that case expressions can
use <code>eqv?</code> as required by R4RS without
breaking compatibility with existing DSSSL code
which assumes case expressions with strings and
lists will use <code>equal?</code>. R4RS
specifies that <code>eqv?</code> should return #t
when its arguments "should normally be
regarded as the same object". R4RS treats
strings and lists as mutable and its
specification of <code>eqv?</code> for strings
and lists is consistent with this. So long as
DSSSL keeps strings and lists as immutable data-types
with value semantics, it is more consistent to
define <code>eqv?</code> to behave like <code>equal?</code>
for them. </font></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><font face="Arial">The use of side-effects is
restricted. Assignment to top-level variables is not
allowed. There is also the concept that a memory location
can be read-only. When a memory location is read-only, it
is an error to change that location. An memory location
can be recursively marked as read-only; this means that
the memory location along with all memory locations
reachable from that memory location become read-only. A
memory location is recursively marked as read-only when: </font></p>
<ul>
<li><font face="Arial">an object stored in that
memory location is bound to a top-level variable </font></li>
<li><font face="Arial">an expression specifying a
characteristic is evaluated and a variable that
names that memory location occurs free in that
expression; for example, this would be an error: </font><pre><font
face="Arial">
(let ((x 10pt))
(make paragraph
font-size: (begin (set! x 12pt) x)))
</font></pre>
</li>
<li><font face="Arial">an object stored in that
memory location is returned by a <code>(inherited-</code><code><var>C</var></code><code>)</code>
or <code>(actual-</code><code><var>C</var></code><code>)</code>
procedure </font></li>
<li><font face="Arial">an object stored in that
memory location is passed as the first argument
to the <code>node-list-map</code> procedure </font></li>
</ul>
<p><font face="Arial">A continuation created with <code>call-with-current-continuation</code>
cannot be called if it is read-only, and can only be used
to return to a stack frame in the current call chain (sometimes
referred to as upwards only). </font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">There's a <code>void</code> data
type with a single value which can be written as <code>#v</code>.
This is returned by <code>cond</code>, <code>case</code>
and <code>if</code> expressions which don't match. </font></p>
<p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
<h2><a name="Style rules"><font face="Arial">Style rules</font></a></h2>
<p><font face="Arial">When a construction rule has a
keyword argument list instead of a construct expression
it is treated as a style rule. For example, </font></p>
<pre><font face="Arial">
(element H1
font-size: 14pt
font-weight: 'bold)
</font></pre>
<p><font face="Arial">The keyword argument list can
include a <code>use:</code> keyword just as with <code>style</code>
expressions. See the </font><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-XSL-970910"><font
face="Arial">XSL proposal</font></a><font face="Arial">
for the semantics of style rules. </font></p>
<p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
<h2><a name="ExtendedPatterns"><font face="Arial">Extended
patterns</font></a></h2>
<p><font face="Arial">The syntax for element patterns is
extended. These provide provide a superset of the
semantics of XSL patterns. They are allowed both in
element construction rules and in contexts where a <code>match-element?</code>
pattern is currently allowed (eg <code>select-elements</code>,
<code>process-matching-children</code>, <code>process-first-descendant</code>).
</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">A pattern is either a single gi or
a list. A list consists of a sequence of gis, where each
gi can be followed by one or more keyword/value pairs (where
the value is always a single datum). A gi can be #t, a
string or a symbol. The following keywords are allowed: </font></p>
<dl>
<dt><font face="Arial"><code>id:</code> </font></dt>
<dd><font face="Arial">followed by a string or symbol
</font></dd>
<dt><font face="Arial"><code>class:</code> </font></dt>
<dd><font face="Arial">followed by a string or symbol
</font></dd>
<dt><font face="Arial"><code>repeat:</code> </font></dt>
<dd><font face="Arial">followed by one of the symbols
<code>*</code>, <code>+</code>, <code>?</code> </font></dd>
<dt><font face="Arial"><code>only:</code> </font></dt>
<dd><font face="Arial">followed by one of the symbols
<code>of-type</code>, <code>of-any</code> </font></dd>
<dt><font face="Arial"><code>position:</code> </font></dt>
<dd><font face="Arial">followed by one of the symbols
<code>first-of-type</code>, <code>first-of-any</code>,
<code>last-of-type</code>, <code>last-of-any</code>
</font></dd>
<dt><font face="Arial"><code>attributes:</code> </font></dt>
<dd><font face="Arial">followed by a list of name/value
pairs; for backward compatibility with <code>match-element?</code>
patterns in the current DSSSL standard the <code>attributes:</code>
keyword can be omitted; #t and #f can be used as
a value to test for presence or absence of
attributes. </font></dd>
<dt><font face="Arial"><code>children:</code> </font></dt>
<dd><font face="Arial">followed by a pattern; each of
the elements in the pattern must occur as child; <code>repeat:</code>
is not allowed in children patterns; the <code>children:</code>
qualifier is allowed on any gi in a pattern not
just the last element </font></dd>
<dt><font face="Arial"><code>priority:</code> </font></dt>
<dd><font face="Arial">followed by an integer;
multiple <code>priority:</code> qualifiers are
allowed in a pattern and will be added together </font></dd>
<dt><font face="Arial"><code>importance:</code> </font></dt>
<dd><font face="Arial">followed by an integer;
multiple <code>importance:</code> qualifiers are
allowed and will be added together </font></dd>
</dl>
<p><font face="Arial">Class attribute names are declared
using </font></p>
<pre><font face="Arial">
(declare-class-attribute "<var>class</var>")
</font></pre>
<p><font face="Arial">or </font></p>
<pre><font face="Arial">
(declare-class-attribute <var>class</var>)
</font></pre>
<p><font face="Arial">Id attribute names can be declared
similarily using <code>declare-id-attribute</code>. </font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">Some examples: </font></p>
<pre><font face="Arial">
(element (E importance: 42) <var>...</var>)
(element (E attributes: (A1 V1)) <var>...</var>)
(element (P E children: C) <var>...</var>)
(element (P children: C priority: -11
E children: C attributes: (A1 V1 A2 V2))
<var>...</var>)
(element (P E children: (A children: C B children: C)) <var>...</var>)
</font></pre>
<p><font face="Arial">The last is equivalent to the
following in XSL syntax: </font></p>
<pre><font face="Arial">
<element type="P">
<target-element type="E">
<element type="A">
<element type="C"/>
</element>
<element type="B">
<element type="C"/>
</element>
</target-element>
</element>
</font></pre>
<pre><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0" width="11"
height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font size="3" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="3" face="Arial"> </font></pre>
<h2><a name="Multiple patterns per rule"><font
face="Arial">Multiple patterns per rule</font></a></h2>
<p><font face="Arial">An <code>or-element</code>
construction rule has the syntax </font></p>
<pre><font face="Arial">
(or-element (<var>pattern</var>+) <var>expression</var>)
</font></pre>
<p><font face="Arial">where <code><var>pattern</var></code>
is any pattern that could be allowed in an element
construction rule. It is equivalent to a sequence of
element construction rules. </font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">For example, </font></p>
<pre><font face="Arial">
(or-element (H1 H2 H3)
font-weight: 'bold)
(or-element ((H1 TITLE) (H2 TITLE) (H3 TITLE))
font-weight: 'bold)
</font></pre>
<p><font face="Arial">is equivalent to </font></p>
<pre><font face="Arial">
(element H1
font-weight: 'bold)
(element H2
font-weight: 'bold)
(element H3
font-weight: 'bold)
(element (H1 TITLE)
font-weight: 'bold)
(element (H2 TITLE)
font-weight: 'bold)
(element (H3 TITLE)
font-weight: 'bold)
</font></pre>
<pre><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0" width="11"
height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font size="3" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial"> </font></pre>
<h2><a name="Flow object macros"><font face="Arial">Flow
object macros</font></a></h2>
<p><font face="Arial">A flow object macro can be defined
like this: </font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
<div align="left"><table border="0" width="546"
bgcolor="#FFFFBB">
<tr>
<td width="542"><dl>
<dt><font face="Arial">(declare-flow-object-macro
list-item ((indent 1in) (marker "\bullet")
#!contents contents)<br>
(make paragraph<br>
first-line-start-indent: (- indent)<br>
start-indent: (+ indent (inherited-start-indent))<br>
(make
line-field<br>
field-width: indent<br>
(literal marker)</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial">
)<br>
contents</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial"> )</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial">)<br>
<br>
(root<br>
(make simple-page-sequence<br>
(make paragraph<br>
(literal "Para 1")</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial">
)<br>
(make list-item<br>
(literal "Item 1")<br>
(make list-item<br>
indent: .5in<br>
marker: "\black-circle"<br>
(literal "Sub item 1.1")</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial">
)</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial">
)<br>
(make list-item<br>
font-weight: 'bold<br>
(literal "Item 2")<br>
(make list-item<br>
(literal "Sub item 2.1")</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial">
)</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial">
)<br>
(make paragraph<br>
(literal "Para 2")</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial">
)</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial"> )</font></dt>
<dt><font face="Arial">)</font></dt>
</dl>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><p><font face="Arial">If the formal argument list
includes <code>#!contents</code> the flow object behaves
like a compound flow object, otherwise like an atomic
flow object. Inherited characteristics can be specified;
these are applied to a sequence flow object which is
automatically wrapped around what is returned by the body
of the flow object macro. The preceding formal arguments
are the non-inherited characteristics; like keyword
arguments they can be specified either as <code><var>id</var></code>
(in which case they default to #f), or as <code>(</code><code><var>id</var></code><code>
</code><code><var>init-expression</var></code><code>)</code>.
</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">Note that flow object macros are
quite different from ordinary procedures in that the
macro body is not evaluated when the make expression is
evaluated, but rather when the flow object is to be added
to the tree; this allows <code>(inherited-</code><code><var>c</var></code><code>)</code>
and <code>(actual-</code><code><var>c</var></code><code>)</code>
procedures to be used in flow object macro
characteristics, non-inherited as well as inherited, just
as with normal flow objects. It is also possible to use <code>(inherited-</code><code><var>c</var></code><code>)</code>
and <code>(actual-</code><code><var>c</var></code><code>)</code>
procedures in the body of the flow object macro; they
will return the same result as if they were used in the
specification of a characteristic on the invocation of
the flow object macro. </font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">For an example of a library built
with the macro facility read: </font><a
href="../DSSSL/HTML%20Sample.html"><font face="Arial">Simple
XML to HTML Conversion and Rendition Example</font></a><font
face="Arial"> </font></p>
<p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
<h2><a name="Characteristic value conversion"><font
face="Arial">Characteristic value conversion</font></a></h2>
<p><font face="Arial">Most characteristic values can now
be specified as strings and will be converted
appropriately. For boolean valued characteristics any of
the strings <code>"true"</code>, <code>"false"</code>,
<code>"yes"</code> and <code>"no"</code>
are acceptable. </font></p>
<p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
<h2><a name="Characteristic names"><font face="Arial">Characteristic
names</font></a></h2>
<p><font face="Arial">The question mark that can be
omitted from those DSSSL characteristic names that end
with a question mark. This is because the question mark
is not (and cannot reasonably be made) a legal XML name
character. </font></p>
<p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
<h2><a name="char-map"><font face="Arial">
The char-map characteristic</font></a></h2>
<p><font face="Arial">
The char-map inherited characteristic accept, in addition to #f and
a procedure, the symbols uppercase, lowercase and capitalize.
uppercase means to convert every character to upper case, lowercase
means to convert every character to lower case and capitalize means
that the first character in every word is converterd to upper case.
The country: and language: characteristics will determine how
the case conversion is done.</font></p>
<p><a href="#top"><font face="Arial"><img
src="images/top-of-page.gif" alt="Up" border="0"
width="11" height="15"></font></a><a href="#top"><font
size="2" face="Arial">Back to top</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial"> </font><font face="Arial"> </font></p>
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