/usr/share/doc/python-pytest-doc/html/getting-started.html is in python-pytest-doc 2.2.4-2.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Installation and Getting Started</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/sphinxdoc.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript">
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT: '',
VERSION: '2.2.4',
COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
HAS_SOURCE: true
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
<link rel="top" title="None" href="index.html" />
<link rel="up" title="Getting started basics" href="overview.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Usage and Invocations" href="usage.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Welcome to pytest!" href="index.html" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
>modules</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="usage.html" title="Usage and Invocations"
accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="index.html" title="Welcome to pytest!"
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
<li><a href="contents.html">pytest-2.2.4</a> »</li>
<li><a href="overview.html" accesskey="U">Getting started basics</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<div id="searchbox" style="display: none">
<form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
<input type="text" name="q" size="18" />
<input type="submit" value="Search" />
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
</form>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
<h3>quicklinks</h3>
<div style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: middle;">
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="index.html">home</a>
</td><td>
<a href="contents.html">TOC/contents</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<a href="#">install</a>
</td><td>
<a href="changelog.html">changelog</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<a href="example/index.html">examples</a>
</td><td>
<a href="customize.html">customize</a>
</td></tr><tr><td>
<a href="https://bitbucket.org/hpk42/pytest/issues?status=new&status=open">issues[bb]</a>
</td><td>
<a href="contact.html">contact</a>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<h3><a href="contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Installation and Getting Started</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#installation">Installation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#our-first-test-run">Our first test run</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#asserting-that-a-certain-exception-is-raised">Asserting that a certain exception is raised</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#grouping-multiple-tests-in-a-class">Grouping multiple tests in a class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#going-functional-requesting-a-unique-temporary-directory">Going functional: requesting a unique temporary directory</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#where-to-go-next">Where to go next</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#known-installation-issues">Known Installation issues</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#easy-install-or-pip-not-found">easy_install or pip not found?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#py-test-not-found-on-windows-despite-installation">py.test not found on Windows despite installation?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="index.html"
title="previous chapter">Welcome to pytest!</a></p>
<h4>Next topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="usage.html"
title="next chapter">Usage and Invocations</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="document">
<div class="documentwrapper">
<div class="bodywrapper">
<div class="body">
<div class="section" id="installation-and-getting-started">
<h1>Installation and Getting Started<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-and-getting-started" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>Pythons</strong>: Python 2.4-3.2, Jython, PyPy</p>
<p><strong>Platforms</strong>: Unix/Posix and Windows</p>
<p><strong>PyPI package name</strong>: <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pytest">pytest</a></p>
<p><strong>documentation as PDF</strong>: <a class="reference external" href="http://pytest.org/latest/pytest.pdf">download latest</a></p>
<div class="section" id="installation">
<span id="getstarted"></span><h2>Installation<a class="headerlink" href="#installation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Installation options:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>pip install -U pytest # or
easy_install -U pytest</pre>
</div>
<p>To check your installation has installed the correct version:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>$ py.test --version
This is py.test version 2.2.2, imported from /Users/hpk/p/pytest/pytest.pyc
setuptools registered plugins:
pytest-xdist-1.8 at /Users/hpk/p/pytest-xdist/xdist/plugin.pyc
pytest-cov-1.4 at /Users/hpk/venv/0/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytest_cov.pyc</pre>
</div>
<p>If you get an error checkout <a class="reference internal" href="#installation-issues"><em>Known Installation issues</em></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="our-first-test-run">
<span id="simpletest"></span><h2>Our first test run<a class="headerlink" href="#our-first-test-run" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Let’s create a first test file with a simple test function:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># content of test_sample.py</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_answer</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>That’s it. You can execute the test function now:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>$ py.test
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform darwin -- Python 2.7.1 -- pytest-2.2.2
collecting ... collected 1 items
test_sample.py F
================================= FAILURES =================================
_______________________________ test_answer ________________________________
def test_answer():
> assert func(3) == 5
E assert 4 == 5
E + where 4 = func(3)
test_sample.py:5: AssertionError
========================= 1 failed in 0.02 seconds =========================</pre>
</div>
<p>py.test found the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test_answer</span></tt> function by following <a class="reference internal" href="goodpractises.html#test-discovery"><em>standard test discovery rules</em></a>, basically detecting the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test_</span></tt> prefixes. We got a failure report because our little <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">func(3)</span></tt> call did not return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">5</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">You can simply use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">assert</span></tt> statement for asserting test
expectations. pytest’s <a class="reference internal" href="assert.html#assert-introspection"><em>Advanced assertion introspection</em></a> will intelligently
report intermediate values of the assert expression freeing
you from the need to learn the many names of <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/unittest.html#test-cases">JUnit legacy methods</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="asserting-that-a-certain-exception-is-raised">
<h2>Asserting that a certain exception is raised<a class="headerlink" href="#asserting-that-a-certain-exception-is-raised" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you want to assert that some code raises an exception you can
use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">raises</span></tt> helper:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># content of test_sysexit.py</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pytest</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">f</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">SystemExit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_mytest</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">raises</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ne">SystemExit</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">f</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Running it with, this time in “quiet” reporting mode:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>$ py.test -q test_sysexit.py
collecting ... collected 1 items
.
1 passed in 0.01 seconds</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="grouping-multiple-tests-in-a-class">
<h2>Grouping multiple tests in a class<a class="headerlink" href="#grouping-multiple-tests-in-a-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Once you start to have more than a few tests it often makes sense
to group tests logically, in classes and modules. Let’s write a class
containing two tests:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># content of test_class.py</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TestClass</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_one</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"this"</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="s">'h'</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_two</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"hello"</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'check'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The two tests are found because of the standard <a class="reference internal" href="goodpractises.html#test-discovery"><em>Integration with setuptools/distribute test commands</em></a>.
There is no need to subclass anything. We can simply
run the module by passing its filename:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>$ py.test -q test_class.py
collecting ... collected 2 items
.F
================================= FAILURES =================================
____________________________ TestClass.test_two ____________________________
self = <test_class.TestClass instance at 0x1013225a8>
def test_two(self):
x = "hello"
> assert hasattr(x, 'check')
E assert hasattr('hello', 'check')
test_class.py:8: AssertionError
1 failed, 1 passed in 0.03 seconds</pre>
</div>
<p>The first test passed, the second failed. Again we can easily see
the intermediate values used in the assertion, helping us to
understand the reason for the failure.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="going-functional-requesting-a-unique-temporary-directory">
<h2>Going functional: requesting a unique temporary directory<a class="headerlink" href="#going-functional-requesting-a-unique-temporary-directory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>For functional tests one often needs to create some files
and pass them to application objects. py.test provides
the versatile <a class="reference internal" href="funcargs.html#funcarg-mechanism"><em>Dependency injection through function arguments</em></a> which allows to request
arbitrary resources, for example a unique temporary directory:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># content of test_tmpdir.py</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_needsfiles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmpdir</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">tmpdir</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>We list the name <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tmpdir</span></tt> in the test function signature and
py.test will lookup and call a factory to create the resource
before performing the test function call. Let’s just run it:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>$ py.test -q test_tmpdir.py
collecting ... collected 1 items
F
================================= FAILURES =================================
_____________________________ test_needsfiles ______________________________
tmpdir = local('/Users/hpk/tmp/pytest-20/test_needsfiles0')
def test_needsfiles(tmpdir):
print tmpdir
> assert 0
E assert 0
test_tmpdir.py:3: AssertionError
----------------------------- Captured stdout ------------------------------
/Users/hpk/tmp/pytest-20/test_needsfiles0
1 failed in 0.11 seconds</pre>
</div>
<p>Before the test runs, a unique-per-test-invocation temporary directory
was created. More info at <a class="reference internal" href="tmpdir.html#tmpdir-handling"><em>Temporary directories and files</em></a>.</p>
<p>You can find out what kind of builtin <a class="reference internal" href="funcargs.html#funcargs"><em>Dependency injection through function arguments</em></a> exist by typing:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">funcargs</span> <span class="c"># shows builtin and custom function arguments</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="where-to-go-next">
<h2>Where to go next<a class="headerlink" href="#where-to-go-next" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Here are a few suggestions where to go next:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="usage.html#cmdline"><em>Calling pytest through python -m pytest</em></a> for command line invocation examples</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="goodpractises.html#goodpractises"><em>good practises</em></a> for virtualenv, test layout, genscript support</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="apiref.html#apiref"><em>py.test reference documentation</em></a> for documentation and examples on using py.test</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="plugins.html#plugins"><em>Working with plugins and conftest files</em></a> managing and writing plugins</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="known-installation-issues">
<span id="installation-issues"></span><h2>Known Installation issues<a class="headerlink" href="#known-installation-issues" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="easy-install-or-pip-not-found">
<h3>easy_install or pip not found?<a class="headerlink" href="#easy-install-or-pip-not-found" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/index.html">Install pip</a> for a state of the art python package installer.</p>
<p>Or consult <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute">distribute docs</a> to install the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">easy_install</span></tt>
tool on your machine.</p>
<p>You may also use the older <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools">setuptools</a> project but it lacks bug fixes
and does not work on Python3.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="py-test-not-found-on-windows-despite-installation">
<h3>py.test not found on Windows despite installation?<a class="headerlink" href="#py-test-not-found-on-windows-despite-installation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><strong>Windows</strong>: If “easy_install” or “py.test” are not found
you need to add the Python script path to your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATH</span></tt>, see here:
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.imladris.com/Scripts/PythonForWindows.html">Python for Windows</a>. You may alternatively use an <a class="reference external" href="http://www.activestate.com/activepython/downloads">ActivePython install</a>
which does this for you automatically.</li>
</ul>
<ul class="simple">
<li><strong>Jython2.5.1 on Windows XP</strong>: <a class="reference external" href="http://bugs.jython.org/issue1491">Jython does not create command line launchers</a>
so <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></tt> will not work correctly. You may install py.test on
CPython and type <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span> <span class="pre">--genscript=mytest</span></tt> and then use
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">jython</span> <span class="pre">mytest</span></tt> to run py.test for your tests to run with Jython.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<div><a class="reference internal" href="example/index.html#examples"><em>Usages and Examples</em></a> for more complex examples</div></blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
>modules</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="usage.html" title="Usage and Invocations"
>next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="index.html" title="Welcome to pytest!"
>previous</a> |</li>
<li><a href="contents.html">pytest-2.2.4</a> »</li>
<li><a href="overview.html" >Getting started basics</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer">
© Copyright 2011, holger krekel et alii.
Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.1.3.
</div>
</body>
</html>
|