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<h1 class="firstHeading">Setting up a personal firewall on Debian using Guarddog</h1>
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<!-- Bad Behavior 2.0.11 run time: 16.790 ms --><dl><dt><a href="http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki/User:Manager" title="User:Manager">Chris Lale</a>
</dt><dd>chrislale AT users DOT berlios DOT de
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<td rowspan="2" valign="top">Revision 0.1
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</td><td style="width:100%">You can comment on this document by clicking on the <a href="http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki?title=NewbieDOC_talk:Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog&action=edit" class="external text.html" title="http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki?title=NewbieDOC_talk:Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><b>discussion</b></a> tab.
<p>You can edit the live version of this document: <a href="http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki/Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog" class="external text.html" title="http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki/Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog" rel="nofollow">Setting up a personal firewall on Debian using Guarddog</a>
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<p><br />
<b>Abstract</b>
</p><p>This HOWTO describes how to install and use the Guarddog firewall configuration tool in Debian GNU/Linux.
Guarddog use a simple but flexible GUI interface to configure iptables. It makes a great personal firewall for a standalone or networked PC.
</p><p><br />
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Documentation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Documentation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Introduction"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Introduction</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Installing_Guarddog"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Installing Guarddog</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Run_Guarddog"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Run Guarddog</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Configuring_an_Internet_firewall_on_your_Local_PC"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Configuring an Internet firewall on your Local PC</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Zones"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Zones</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Permitting_the_Domain_Name_System_.28DNS.29_protocol"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Permitting the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Test_the_firewall"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Test the firewall</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Permitting_the_web_page_.28HTTP.29_protocol"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Permitting the web page (HTTP) protocol</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Permit_other_protocols_you_may_need"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Permit other protocols you may need</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Using_guarddog_with_a_Samba_Network"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Using guarddog with a Samba Network</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Set_up_a_zone_for_the_local_network"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Set up a zone for the local network</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Allow_you_PC_to_connect_to_the_network"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Allow you PC to connect to the network</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Test_the_network_connections"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Test the network connections</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Adding_user-defined_protocols_for_Vipul.27s_Razor"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Adding user-defined protocols for Vipul's Razor</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Add_new_ports_for_Razor2_and_Echo"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Add new ports for Razor2 and Echo</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Permit_Razor2_and_Echo"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Permit Razor2 and Echo</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Permit_PING"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Permit PING</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Test_Razor"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Test Razor</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="Setting_up_a_personal_firewall_on_Debian_using_Guarddog.html#Appendix_A:_Licence"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Appendix A: Licence</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<p><br />
</p>
<a name="Documentation"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">1 Documentation </span></h2>
<ul><li>The Guarddog handbook: <a href="http://www.simonzone.com/software/guarddog/manual2/index.html" class="external free.html" title="http://www.simonzone.com/software/guarddog/manual2/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.simonzone.com/software/guarddog/manual2/index.html</a>
</li><li>The documentation installed with the Debian package is in <code>/usr/share/doc/razor</code>.
</li></ul>
<a name="Introduction"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">2 Introduction </span></h2>
<p>A firewall is software that stops your computer communicating with other computers. A PC that cannot communicate with other computers is not much good if you want to use the internet. You must make holes in the firewall to permit communication in particular protocols (languages). Having a firewall does not mean that you can forget about other security measures.
</p><p>For example, the language of web pages is the HTTP protocol. The languages of email are the SMTP and POP3 protocols. You make holes in the firewall to allow these protocols by opening ports.
</p><p>Guarddog sets up a firewall using <code>iptables</code>. <code>iptables</code> is the standard way of firewalling in Debian GNU/Linux. <code>iptables</code> is very flexible but it is difficult to set up manually. Guarddog provides an easy way of mangaging a firewall through a Graphical User Interface (GUI), with the power of <code>iptables</code> but without the need to know <code>iptables</code> syntax.
</p><p>Guarddog is a configuration tool <code>iptables</code>. <code>iptables</code> continues to run even after you exit from Guarddog. <code>iptables</code> will run automatically every time you boot your PC, so you only need to run Guarddog if you wish to change the firewall's configuration.
</p>
<a name="Installing_Guarddog"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">3 Installing Guarddog </span></h2>
<p>Install this package using Synaptic, Aptitude or <code>apt-get</code>:
</p>
<pre>guarddog
</pre>
<p>During installation you may see a message like this:
</p>
<pre>Setting up guarddog (2.4.0-1) ...
Unable to start guarddog firewall - /etc/rc.firewall does not exist
</pre>
<p>Don't worry. The <code>/etc/rc.firewall</code> configuration file will be created the first time you run Guarddog.
</p>
<a name="Run_Guarddog"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">4 Run Guarddog </span></h2>
<p>Run <code>guarddog</code> as root
</p><p>From Gnome:
</p>
<ul><li>Applications -> System Tools -> <b>Run as different user</b>
<ul><li>Run: <b>guarddog</b>
</li><li>As user: root
</li><li><b>OK</b>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<p>From KDE:
</p>
<ul><li>Applications -> Guarddog
</li></ul>
<p>The first time you run Guarddog you may get this warning:
</p>
<pre>
Guarddog was unable to find a Guarddog firewall
at /etc/rc.firewall.
This is probably ok, it just means that this is the
first time Guarddog has been run on this system.
But please be aware that the firewall settings
shown may not represent the system's current
firewalling configuration.
Your Guarddog firewall will take effect once you
use the 'Apply' button or exit Guarddog using 'Ok'.
</pre>
<p>You do not need to take any action. Just be aware that the default settings are not necessarily those of any existing firewall.
</p>
<ul><li><b>OK</b>
</li></ul>
<a name="Configuring_an_Internet_firewall_on_your_Local_PC"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">5 Configuring an Internet firewall on your Local PC</span></h2>
<a name="Zones"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">5.1 Zones </span></h3>
<p>By default, Guarddog has two zones.
</p>
<dl><dt>Internet
</dt><dd>This zone includes all hosts (computers) on the other side of your modem or DSL/ADSL broadband router.
</dd><dt>Local
</dt><dd>This is the computer that the firewall is running on - your PC.
</dd></dl>
<a name="Permitting_the_Domain_Name_System_.28DNS.29_protocol"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">5.2 Permitting the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol </span></h3>
<p>The DNS protocol enables you to access computers on the internet using a name like <code>google.co.uk</code> rather than an IP address like <code>216.239.59.147</code>. You need to open a port for DNS in order to use the web. Do this from the Protocol tab.
</p><p><a href="http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki/Image:Protocol-dns-permit.png" class="image.html" title="Guarddog settings to permit the DNS protocol"><img alt="Guarddog settings to permit the DNS protocol" src="../images/f/fd/Protocol-dns-permit.png" width="480" height="327" border="0" /></a>
</p>
<ul><li><b>Protocol</b> tab
<ul><li>Defined Network Zones: <b>Internet</b>
</li><li>Protocols served from zone 'Internet' to clients in zones: + Network <i>(<b>expand</b>)</i>
<ul><li>Network Protocol
<ul><li><b>DNS - Domain Name Server</b>
</li></ul>
</li><li>Local
<ul><li>protocol is permitted <i>(<b>tick</b>)</i>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<div style='border-color:silver;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;width:100%;text-align:left;margin-bottom:1em;background:#f9f9f9;'><div style='clear:both;height:.5em'> </div><div style='float:left;border:0;text-align:left;padding-left:.5em'><a href='http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki/Image:Attach.png' class='image' title=''><img alt='Note' src='../images/c/c1/Attach.png' border='0'/></a></div><div style='float:left;border:0;text-align:left;padding-left:.5em'> <b>Note: </b> </div><div style='padding-left:11em;padding-right:1em;border:0;text-align:left;'> All boxes that are unticked will be blocked. Permitting just DNS is not sufficient to receive a web page from the internet. You must also permit HTTP - see below.</div><div style='clear:both;height:.5em'> </div>
</div>
<p>Save and continue
</p>
<ul><li><b>Apply</b>
</li></ul>
<pre>
You are about to modify the system's firewall
configuration.
These changes may disrupt current network
connections.
Do you wish to continue?
</pre>
<ul><li><b>Continue</b>
</li></ul>
<pre>
Starting firewall...
Output:
Using iptables.
Resetting firewall rules.
Loading kernel modules.
Setting kernel parameters.
Configuring firewall rules.
Finished.
</pre>
<ul><li><b>OK</b>
</li></ul>
<a name="Test_the_firewall"></a><h4> <span class="mw-headline">5.2.1 Test the firewall </span></h4>
<p>The DNS protocol is now permitted, but HTTP is not (its Local box is still unticked). To test this, run a web browser and try to visit a site, eg google:
</p>
<pre>http://google.co.uk
</pre>
<p>Since the HTTP protocol is blocked, you should not be able to access the web page. The firewall is working!
</p><p>Disable the firewall by putting a cross in the Disable Firewall box.
</p>
<ul><li><b>Advanced</b> <i>(tab)</i>
<ul><li>Disable Firewall <i>(<b>cross</b>)</i>
</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Apply</b>
</li></ul>
<pre>
You are about to disable the system's firewall.
This will allow all network traffic and potentially
leave your system vulnerable to attack.
Unless you are an advanced user and know
what you are doing I recommend that you cancel
this action.
These changes may also disrupt current network
connections.
Do you wish to continue?
</pre>
<ul><li><b>Continue</b>
</li></ul>
<pre>
Resetting firewall...
Output:
Using iptables.
Resetting firewall rules.
Finished.
</pre>
<ul><li><b>OK</b>
</li></ul>
<p>Check that you can now receive web pages. Try again to visit google:
</p>
<pre>http://google.co.uk
</pre>
<p>You should see the web page! The firewall is disabled, so the HTTP protocol (and all the others) is permitted again.
</p>
<a name="Permitting_the_web_page_.28HTTP.29_protocol"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">5.3 Permitting the web page (HTTP) protocol </span></h3>
<div style='border-color:silver;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;width:100%;text-align:left;margin-bottom:1em;background:#f9f9f9;'><div style='clear:both;height:.5em'> </div><div style='float:left;border:0;text-align:left;padding-left:.5em'><a href='http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki/Image:Attach.png' class='image' title=''><img alt='Note' src='../images/c/c1/Attach.png' border='0'/></a></div><div style='float:left;border:0;text-align:left;padding-left:.5em'> <b>Note: </b> </div><div style='padding-left:11em;padding-right:1em;border:0;text-align:left;'> Re-enable the firewall before continuing. If you disabled the firewall in the previous step and do not re-enable it, all the protocols will be greyed-out.</div><div style='clear:both;height:.5em'> </div>
</div>
<p>You must permit the HTTP protocol in order to be able to view web pages in your web browser. Some web pages use the secure HTTPS protocol instead eg if you are buying something online.
</p>
<ul><li><b>Protocol</b> tab
<ul><li>Defined Network Zones: <b>Internet</b>
</li><li>Protocols served from zone 'Internet' to clients in zones: + File Transfer <i>(<b>expand</b>)</i>
<ul><li>Network Protocol
<ul><li><b>HTTP - World Wide Web</b>
</li></ul>
</li><li>Local
<ul><li>protocol is permitted <i>(<b>tick</b>)</i>
</li></ul>
</li><li>Network Protocol
<ul><li><b>HTTPS - World Wide Web over SSL</b>
</li></ul>
</li><li>Local
<ul><li>protocol is permitted <i>(<b>tick</b>)</i>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<p>Save and continue
</p>
<ul><li><b>Apply</b>
</li></ul>
<p>Check that you can receive web pages with the firewall enabled. Try again to visit google:
</p>
<pre>http://google.co.uk
</pre>
<p>You should receive a web page.
</p>
<a name="Permit_other_protocols_you_may_need"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">6 Permit other protocols you may need </span></h2>
<p>You probably need more than just HTTP. If you send email you probably use an SMTP server, and if you receive email a POP3 server. If you have a website hosted remotely you probably need to permit the FTP or SSH protocols. You may also use network tools, such as PING, on the internet. Permit just the protocols that you need. Here is a list of some common protocols that you can permit to be served from the Internet zone to the Local zone.
</p>
<dl><dt>web pages
</dt><dd>HTTP
</dd><dd>HTTPS
</dd><dd>DNS
</dd><dt>sending email
</dt><dd>SMTP
</dd><dt>receiving email
</dt><dd>POP3
</dd><dd>may also require ident/auth for authentication
</dd><dt>transferring files to and from a remote host (eg a hosted website)
</dt><dd>FTP
</dd><dd>SSH
</dd><dt>network tests you may wish to use on the internet
</dt><dd>PING
</dd></dl>
<p>There are others you may need like chat, games, media, etc. Just look through the Protocol tree in the Protocols tab. If you need something not listed, you can always add user-defined protocols to the list.
</p><p>Make the changes that you need and apply them with the <b>Apply</b> button. Test the new firewall configuration. When you are satisfied that everything is working correctly, save and exit by clicking on the <b>OK</b> button.
</p>
<ul><li><b>OK</b>
</li></ul>
<a name="Using_guarddog_with_a_Samba_Network"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">7 Using guarddog with a Samba Network </span></h2>
<p>Samba is a great way to run a small office or home network. Samba allows you to have both Linux and Windows computers on the network. Samba uses the SMB application level protocol. You must permit <i>Windows Networking (NETBIOS)</i> and <i>Microsoft SMB over TCP</i> for Windows 2000 and later. You need to know your local network's broadcast address and the addresses or address range of the computers on the network.
</p>
<div style='border-color:silver;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;width:100%;text-align:left;margin-bottom:1em;background:#f9f9f9;'><div style='clear:both;height:.5em'> </div><div style='float:left;border:0;text-align:left;padding-left:.5em'><a href='http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki/Image:120px-Crystal_Clear_Ktip_32.png' class='image' title=''><img alt='Tip' src='../images/d/dc/120px-Crystal_Clear_Ktip_32.png' border='0'/></a></div><div style='float:left;border:0;text-align:left;padding-left:.5em'> <b>Tip: </b> </div><div style='padding-left:11em;padding-right:1em;border:0;text-align:left;'> You can find the broadcast address with <code>ifconfig</code>.</div><div style='clear:both;height:.5em'> </div>
</div>
<a name="Set_up_a_zone_for_the_local_network"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">7.1 Set up a zone for the local network </span></h3>
<p>This example shows how to create a zone <i>Home</i> for a home LAN network with the address range 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 with a broadcast address of 192.168.1.255.
</p><p>Create a new zone:
</p>
<ul><li><b>Protocol</b> tab
<ul><li>Defined Network Zones: <b>New Zone</b>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<p>Select the new zone and modify its properties:
</p>
<ul><li><b>Protocol</b> tab
<ul><li>Defined Network Zones: <b>new zone</b>
</li><li>Zone Properties
<ul><li>Name: <b>Home</b>
</li><li>Comment: <b>Home LAN</b>
</li><li>New Address
<ul><li><b>192.168.1.255</b>
</li></ul>
</li><li>New Address
<ul><li><b>192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</b>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<a name="Allow_you_PC_to_connect_to_the_network"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">7.2 Allow you PC to connect to the network </span></h3>
<p>Join the <i>Home</i> zone to the <i>Local</i> zone:
</p>
<ul><li><b>Protocol</b> tab
<ul><li>Connection
<ul><li>Local <i>(<b>ticked</b>)</i>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<p>Apply the changes.
</p>
<ul><li><b>Apply</b>
</li></ul>
<a name="Test_the_network_connections"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">7.3 Test the network connections </span></h3>
<p>Check that you can access your PC from another station on the network. For Windows machines, look in 'Network Neighborhood'. For Linux machines use LinNeighborhood, or use Nautilus (Gnome File Manager) or Konqueror (KDE File Manager) to look at <code>smb:///</code>.
</p>
<a name="Adding_user-defined_protocols_for_Vipul.27s_Razor"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">8 Adding user-defined protocols for Vipul's Razor </span></h2>
<p>Check the Razor2 FAQs to find the ports you need. The FAQs are in the package documentation directory:
</p>
<pre>/usr/share/doc/razor/FAQ
</pre>
<p>For Debian Sarge, the information is:
</p>
<pre>
Outgoing TCP port 2703 (Razor2) and TCP port 7 (Echo). Razor2
uses TCP pings to discover what servers are closest to it.
</pre>
<a name="Add_new_ports_for_Razor2_and_Echo"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">8.1 Add new ports for Razor2 and Echo </span></h3>
<ul><li><b>Advanced</b> tab
<ul><li>User Defined Protocols:
<ul><li><b>New Protocol</b> button
</li><li>Name: <b>Razor2</b>
</li><li>Type: TCP
</li><li>Ports: <b>2703</b> - <b>2703</b>
</li><li><b>New Protocol</b> button
</li><li>Name: <b>Echo</b>
</li><li>Type: TCP
</li><li>Ports: <b>7</b> - <b>7</b>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Apply</b>
</li></ul>
<a name="Permit_Razor2_and_Echo"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">8.2 Permit Razor2 and Echo </span></h3>
<ul><li><b>Protocol</b> tab
<ul><li>Defined Network Zones: <b>Internet</b>
</li><li>Protocols served from zone 'Internet' to clients in zones: + User Defined <i>(<b>expand</b>)</i>
<ul><li>Network Protocol
<ul><li><b>Echo</b>
</li></ul>
</li><li>Local
<ul><li>protocol is permitted <i>(<b>tick</b>)</i>
</li></ul>
</li><li>Network Protocol
<ul><li><b>Razor2</b>
</li></ul>
</li><li>Local
<ul><li>protocol is permitted <i>(<b>tick</b>)</i>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Apply</b>
</li></ul>
<a name="Permit_PING"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">8.3 Permit PING </span></h3>
<ul><li><b>Protocol</b> tab
<ul><li>Defined Network Zones: <b>Internet</b>
</li><li>Protocols served from zone 'Internet' to clients in zones: + Network <i>(<b>expand</b>)</i>
<ul><li>Network Protocol
<ul><li><b>Ping</b>
</li></ul>
</li><li>Local
<ul><li>protocol is permitted <i>(<b>tick</b>)</i>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Apply</b>
</li></ul>
<a name="Test_Razor"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline">8.4 Test Razor </span></h3>
<p>Run <code>razor-admin</code> as a normal user to discover razor servers. Use the debug mode:
</p>
<pre>$ razor-admin -d -discover
</pre>
<p>If successful, you should see this line at the end of the debug messages:
</p>
<pre> razor-admin finished successfully.
</pre>
<p>If the firewall is still blocking razor, it continues to try and discover the servers, but without success.
</p>
<a name="Appendix_A:_Licence"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">9 Appendix A: Licence </span></h2>
<p>Copyright (c) 2006-2007 <a href="http://newbiedoc.berlios.de/wiki/User:Manager" title="User:Manager">Chris Lale</a>, chrislale AT users DOT berlios DOT de.
</p>
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