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<div class="SECT1">
<h1 class="SECT1"><a name="SOCKETAPI" id="SOCKETAPI">11.3.
Socket API</a></h1>
<p>The Socket API is a very flexible job transfer protocol. It
is widely support by most Print Server manufacturers, with the
Hewlett Packard JetDirect setting the <span class=
"emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">de facto</i></span> standard.
The Socket API is extremely simple.</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>The user establishes a connection to TCP/IP port on the
Printer or Network Print spooler. The HP JetDirect uses
port 9100 by default, but other ports are used as well.
This connection may be refused if the printer is busy
printing a job.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>When the network connection is established to a system
which has an <span class="emphasis"><i class=
"EMPHASIS">internal printer</i></span> or for which the
Network Print Spooler is an integral part of the system,
the printer usually flushes all internal buffers and
readies itself to receive a new job. However, when you are
using an external Print Server box, you may need to send
specific initialization sequences to the printer to ensure
that it is reset correctly and is ready to receive new
jobs.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>When the connection is made, all bytes sent to the
connection are either transferred to and external interface
to directly to a <span class="emphasis"><i class=
"EMPHASIS">print buffer</i></span> used by the printer's
Print Engine.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The connection is bidirectional, and information sent to
the external port by an external printer or error messages
and status generated by the printer's Print Engine will be
transferred over the data link to the user.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The Network Print spooler will keep the connection open
until it is closed by the user. During this period it may
continue to report status or other information such as
printer On Line, paper outages, and so forth.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If the connection to the printer is <span class=
"emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">half-closed</i></span>, that
is, the <code class="FUNCTION">shutdown()</code> network
system call is used to indicate to the remote printer that
no further data will be sent, then the printer may
immediately terminate the network connection. This means
that no further network or status messages will be sent to
the user.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If the connection is to a External Print Server, then
usually the connection can be immediately re-established.
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that a the
printer has finished its work before sending a new job.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If the connection is to an internal Print Server, then
usually the printer will not allow the connection to be
made, or will refuse all data transfers on the connection
until the printer finishes with the previous job and all
internal buffers have been cleared.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>The following is a sample printcap showing how to use the
Socket API:</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN4935" id="AEN4935"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
lp:
# make a socket connection to port 9100
:lp=10.0.0.2%9100
</pre>
</div>
<p>You can use the <a href="http://www.l0pht.com/~weld/netcat/"
target="_top">netcat</a> utility by Hobbit <code class=
"EMAIL"><<a href=
"mailto:Hobbit@avian.org">Hobbit@avian.org</a>></code> to
test that the Socket interface is available and working. If
<tt class="FILENAME">ellipse.ps</tt> is a test file, then: The
simplest and easiest way to print a file to a network printer
appears</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN4941" id="AEN4941"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
nc printer.ip.addr 9100 < file
Example:
nc 10.0.0.25 9100 < ellipse.ps
</pre>
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