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<H2><A NAME="s4">4. ¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ê &amp; Linux - ·ë²Ì - </A></H2>

<P>Linux¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò½ñ¤¯¤È¤¤½¤³¤Ë¤ÏÂ¿¤¯¤Î²ÄÇ½À¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Ë
¤É¤Î¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥é¤ò»È¤¦¤«Áª¤Ù¤Þ¤¹¡£GAS(AS)¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤¬¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£gas¤Ï
¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤ÎLinux¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÉ¸½à¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥é¤Ç¤¹¡£
gas¤Î·çÅÀ¤Ïgas¤¬<CODE>AT&amp;T-syntax</CODE>¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï
<CODE>Intel-syntax</CODE>¤ÈÂç¤¤¯°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
DOS¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤¬<CODE>Intel-syntax</CODE>¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
<P><CODE>AT&amp;T-syntax</CODE>¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¤è¤ê¾ÜºÙ¤Ê¾ðÊó¤Ï 
info¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Îinfo¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òhtml¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
<P>Intel¸ß´¹¤Îsyntax¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë»þ¤Ïnasm¤Ç¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss4.1">4.1 NASM¤ÎÎã¤ò¤ß¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¡§</A>
</H2>

<P>from the 80xxx-fidonet-area :
<PRE>
= deze bewaar ik : asm =================================================keepit=
from : james vahn                          17-apr-97  15:20:22  1:346/15.1
to   : jan wagemakers                                           2:292/8133.23
subj : nasm &amp; linux
=======================================================================rem_asm=
</PRE>

<PRE>
 * 80xxx ¤«¤é¤Î°úÍÑ
 jw> ¥Ç¥â¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¸«¤Æ¤¤¤ëÈÏ°Ï¤Ç¤Ïc¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤«¤é¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë
 jw> ½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£nasm¤Èlinux¤Ç 100% ¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë
 jw> ½ñ¤¯¤Î¤«ÃÎ¤ê¤¿¤¤¤Ç¤¹¡£

¥Ð¥°¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤µ¤ì¤¿nasm-0.94¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
   nasm -f elf hello.asm
   gcc hello.o -o hello
   strip hello

³Ø¤Ö¤³¤È¤¬¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹   :-) 
</PRE>
<P>
<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
;-------------nasm's standalone hello-world.asm for linux --------
section .text
extern puts
global main

main:
   push dword msg                ;stash the location of msg on the stack.
   call puts                     ;call the 'puts' routine (libc?)
   add esp, byte 4               ;clean the stack?
   ret                           ;exit.

msg:
   db "hello world!",0
</PRE>
<HR>

<PRE>
--- timed 1.01
 * origin: james vahn (jvahn@short.circuit.com) (1:346/15.1)
===============================================================================
</PRE>

¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ïputs¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Ï²èÌÌ¤Ë¥Æ¥¥¹¥È¤òÉ½¼¨¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£puts¤Ï
c¤«¤é¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢Linux¤Ç¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤ë¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÎÉ¸½àÉ½¼¨¤Ç¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·
¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ê¤Ç¤³¤ì¤ò¹Ô¤¦ÊýË¡¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£<CODE>interrupts</CODE> ¤Ç¤¹¡£
Linux¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Îº£¸å¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÇÊÑ¹¹¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤³¤Î³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß
(interrupts)¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤Ï¤ª¾©¤á¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
<P>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss4.2">4.2 gas¤Î£²¤Ä¤ÎÎã¡§</A>
</H2>

<P>¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥é.028¤«¤éÍ¥¤ì¤¿¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤ò<CODE>pieter de jong</CODE>»á¤¬½Ð¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
<P>Îã£±)    puts¤Î¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿Îã
<HR>
<PRE>
 .text
message:
 .ascii "hello world!\0"
 .align 4
 .globl main
main:
 pushl %ebp
 movl %esp,%ebp
 #call ___main
 pushl $message
 call puts
 addl $4,%esp
 xorl %eax,%eax
 movl %ebp,%esp
 popl %ebp
 ret
</PRE>
<HR>

¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢
<PRE>
        as hello.s -o hello.o
        gcc hello.o -o hello
</PRE>

¤È¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
<P>
<P>Îã£²) <CODE>int 80h</CODE>¤ò»È¤¦
<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
 .text
message:
 .ascii "hello, world!\12\0"
 .align 4
 .globl _hw
_hw:
 movl $4, %eax
 movl $1, %ebx
 movl $message, %ecx
 movl $15, %edx
 int $0x80
 movl $1, %eax
 movl $0, %ebx
 int $0x80
</PRE>
<HR>

¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢
<PRE>
        as hello.s -o hello.o
        ld hello.o -e _hw -o hello
        (_hw = ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È)
</PRE>

¤È¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
<P>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss4.3">4.3 GAS¤Ë¥Þ¥¯¥í¤òÄÉ²Ã¤¹¤ë¡§</A>
</H2>

<P>changed on : 5 Jul 1997 
<P>¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°¤ÎÊ£»¨¤µ¤ò¤¹¤¯¤Ê¤¯¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¢¤ë
¥É¥¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¡¢GAS¤Ï¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ò²ò¼á¤Ç¤¤º¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ê¤Ç¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ò»È¤¦¤Ë¤ÏGASP¤ò
»È¤ï¤Í¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤òÆÉ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
<P>¤·¤«¤·.. ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¥Æ¥¹¥È¤·¤Æ¤ß¤¿¤ê<CODE>GNU-C info</CODE>¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÆÉ¤ó¤À¤È¤³¤í
GAS(as)¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò
È¯¸«¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
°Ê²¼¡¢»ä¤¬¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¥Æ¥¹¥È¤ò¾Ò²ð¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£GAS ¤È ¥Þ¥¯¥í ¤Î²ÄÇ½À¤ò»î¤ß¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹
(ÌõÃí¡§<CODE>dummy.dummy</CODE>¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¹)¡£
<P>   
<CODE>test_fopen.s</CODE>¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¡§
<HR>
<PRE>
        .include "include.asm"

        .globl main
main:
        _print hallo            # ¥¿¥¤¥È¥ëÉ½¼¨
        _open bestand mode      # ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë'dummy.dummy'¤ò³«¤¯
        cmp $0,%eax             # Success?
        je file_error           # ¤À¤á¡£¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ÎÉ½¼¨
        _close %eax             # ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊÄ¤¸¤ë
        _print bestaat          # 'exist'¤ÈÉ½¼¨
        jmp einde               # ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à½ªÎ»
file_error:
        _print bestaat_niet     # 'doesn't exist'¤ÈÉ½¼¨¤¹¤ë
einde:
        ret                     # The End ;-)

hallo:
 .string "Test Linux Program ;-) \n"
bestaat:
 .string "The file dummy.dummy exists..."
bestaat_niet:
 .string "The file dummy.dummy doesn't exist..."
bestand:
 .string "dummy.dummy"
mode:
 .string "r"

 .END
</PRE>
<HR>
<P><CODE>include.asm</CODE>
<HR>
<PRE>
 .MACRO _print message
 # start _print message
 pushl $\message
 call puts
 addl $4,%esp
 # end   _print message
 .ENDM

 .MACRO _open file mode
 # start _open ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥â¡¼¥É
 pushl %ebp
 movl %esp,%ebp
 pushl $\mode
 pushl $\file
 call fopen
 addl $8,%esp
 movl %eax,-4(%ebp)
 # %eax = ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë
 #        -  %eax = 0 ¤Ê¤é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤
 #        -  %eax >&lt; 0 %eax ¤Ê¤é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë
 popl %ebp
 # end   _open ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥â¡¼¥É
 .ENDM

 .MACRO _close filehandle
 # start _close ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë
 pushl \filehandle
 call fclose
 addl $4,%esp
 # end   _close ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ï¥ó¥É¥ë
 .ENDM
</PRE>
<HR>

¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò
<PRE>
        as test_fopen.s -o test_fopen.o
        gcc test_fopen.o -o test_fopen
</PRE>

¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
<P>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss4.4">4.4 ncurses¤ò»È¤¦ </A>
</H2>

<P>1997Ç¯7·î21Æü ÊÑ¹¹¡§
<P>   
Ncurses ¤Ï¥Æ¥¥¹¥È¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ÎLinux¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò½ñ¤¯¤È¤¤Ë»È¤¦´Ø¿ô¤Î
¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
<P>°Ê²¼¡¢¥Ô¥å¥¢¤Ê¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤«¤éncursees¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤«¸«¤ë
¤¿¤á¤Ë¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òµó¤²¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Á¤ã¤ó¤È¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬
Æ°ºî¤ò¤ß¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹ :-) ¡£
<P>   
<CODE>sat_color.s</CODE>
<HR>
<PRE>
        .include "/home/jan/assembler/include/ncurses.asm"

        .globl main
main:
        _initscr
        _start_color
        _init_pair $1,$2,$4
        _init_pair $2,$0,$6
        _init_pair $3,$3,$4
        _init_pair $4,$4,$4             # Hide the flashing cursor
                
        call cls                        # clear screen/init colors.

        _use_pair $0x00000200           # 00 00(NORMAL) 02(PAIR) 00
        _locate $1,$0
        _printw $titel
        _locate $46,$0
        _printw $pd
        _use_pair  $0x00200100          # 00 20(BOLD) 01(PAIR) 00

        _locate $32,$12
        _printw $world

        _use_pair  $0x00200300          # 00 20(BOLD) 03(PAIR) 00

        movl $0,%esi
lus:
        movb tabel(%esi),%dl            # %dl = X(%esi)
        incl %esi
        movb tabel(%esi),%cl            # %cl = Y(%esi)
        incl %esi
        cmpb $242,%cl
        jne n242_1
        movl $0,%esi
        jmp lus
n242_1:
        movl %esi,%edi
redo:
        movb tabel(%edi),%dh            # %dh = X(%esi + 1)
        incl %edi
        movb tabel(%edi),%ch            # %ch = Y(%esi + 1)
        cmpb $242,%ch
        jne  n242_2
        movl $0,%edi
        jmp redo
n242_2:
        movl $leeg,%ebp
        call print_item
        movl $linux,%ebp
        movb %ch,%cl
        movb %dh,%dl
        call print_item

        pushl $160000                   # C : usleep(....);
        call usleep                     # Wait-loop
        addl $4,%esp

        _refresh
        jmp lus
        _endwin
        ret

print_item:
        pushal
        movzbl %cl,%eax
        movzbl %dl,%ebx
        _locate %ebx,%eax
        _printw %ebp
        popal
        ret
        
cls:
        _use_pair $0x00000200           # 00 00(NORMAL) 02(PAIR) 00
                                        # Color of the first line
        movb $0,%cl
        movb $0,%dl
cls_lus:
        movl $chr32,%ebp
        call print_item
        incb %dl
        cmpb $79,%dl
        jna cls_lus
        pushal
        _use_pair  $0x00000400          # 00 00(NORMAL) 04(PAIR) 00
                                        # Color of the rest of the screen
        popal
        xorb %dl,%dl
        incb %cl
        cmpb $25,%cl
        jna cls_lus
        ret

linux:
 .string "Linux"
leeg:
 .string "     "
chr32:
 .string " "
world:
 .string "World Domination"
titel:
 .string "sat_color.s - 1997 Jan Wagemakers -"
pd:
 .string "Donated to the Public Domain :-)"
tabel:
 .include "cirkel.dat"
 .byte 242,242

 .END
</PRE>
<HR>

(ÌõÃí¡§ÀèÆ¬¤Încurses.asm¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÏÅ¬Åö¤ËÊÑ¹¹¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤)
<P><CODE>cirkel.dat</CODE>
<HR>
<PRE>
 .byte  72 , 12
 .byte  71 , 13
 .byte  69 , 15
 .byte  66 , 17
 .byte  62 , 18
 .byte  56 , 20
 .byte  51 , 21
 .byte  44 , 21
 .byte  38 , 21
 .byte  31 , 21
 .byte  24 , 21
 .byte  18 , 20
 .byte  13 , 19
 .byte  8 , 17
 .byte  5 , 16
 .byte  3 , 14
 .byte  2 , 12
 .byte  2 , 10
 .byte  3 , 8
 .byte  6 , 7
 .byte  10 , 5
 .byte  15 , 4
 .byte  20 , 3
 .byte  27 , 2
 .byte  33 , 2
 .byte  40 , 2
 .byte  47 , 2
 .byte  53 , 3
 .byte  59 , 4
 .byte  63 , 5
 .byte  67 , 7
 .byte  70 , 8
 .byte  71 , 10
</PRE>
<HR>
<P><CODE>/home/jan/assembler/include/ncurses.asm</CODE>
<HR>
<PRE>
 # ncurses.asm          - donated to the public domain by Jan Wagemakers -
 # derived of the following C-program
 # #include
 #
 # int main(void)
 # {
 #     initscr();  /* curses¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î½é´ü²½ */
 #     move(10, 2);  /* ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ò X: 2, Y: 10 ¤ËÃÖ¤¯ */
 #     printw("Hello, World !"); /* É½¼¨¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î */
 #     refresh(); /* ÊªÍý²èÌÌ¤Ë "Hello, World !" ¤òÃÖ¤¯ */
 #     getch(); /* ¥¡¼¤¬²¡¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤òÂÔ¤Ä */
 #     endwin(); /* deinit the curses libraries. */
 #     return 0;
 # }
 #
 # C¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤è¤¯ÃÎ¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç°Ê²¼¤Ï°ã¤¦¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
 # ½¤Àµ¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤Ï¤¿¤á¤é¤ï¤º¤ä¤Ã¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
 # ncurses¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ²èÌÌ¤Ë²¿¤«½ñ¤¤¿¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦»þ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¥Þ¥¯¥í¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
 #      1. _initscr
 #      2. _locate x y  (x,y = ²èÌÌ¤ÎºÂÉ¸)
 #      3. _printw message
 #      4. _refresh
 #      5. _endwin      (win¤Î½ª¤ê.... ¤Ê¤Ë¤«¤¤¤¤¶Á¤¤Ç¤¹¤Í ;-)

 .MACRO _initscr
 # start _initscr
 call initscr
 # end   _initscr
 .ENDM

 .MACRO _locate x y
 # start _locate x y
 pushl \x
 pushl \y
 movl stdscr,%eax
 pushl %eax
 call wmove
 addl $12,%esp
 # end   _locate x y
 .ENDM

 .MACRO _printw message
 # start _print message
 pushl \message
 call printw
 addl $4,%esp
 # end   _printw message
 .ENDM

 .MACRO _refresh
 # start _refresh
 movl stdscr,%eax
 pushl %eax
 call wrefresh
 addl $4,%esp
 # end   _refresh
 .ENDM

 .MACRO _endwin
 # start _endwin
 call endwin
 # end   _endwin
 .ENDM

# Colors ¤È ncurses. (15/07/97)
# - After _initscr , call _start_color
# - Init with _init_pair a color-pair.
# - With _use_pair select a color-pair.

 .MACRO _start_color
 # start _start_color
 call start_color
 # end   _start_color
 .ENDM

 .MACRO _init_pair pair foreground background
 # start _init_pair
 pushl \background
 pushl \foreground
 pushl \pair
 call init_pair
 addl $12,%esp
 # end   _init_pair
 .ENDM

 .MACRO _use_pair pair
 # start _use_pair
 movl \pair,%eax
 #                |        |  %ah   |  %al   |
 # %eax = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
 #                    |        |
 #                    |        |
 #                    |        +----> »È¤¤¤¿¤¤¥«¥é¡¼¥Ú¥¢(color-pair)ÈÖ¹æ
 #                    +-------------> 00 = ¥Î¡¼¥Þ¥ë , 20 = BOLD
 pushl %eax
 movl stdscr,%eax
 pushl %eax
 call wattr_on
 addl $8,%esp
 #end _use_pair
 .ENDM
</PRE>
<HR>
<P>
<PRE>
        as sat_color.s -o sat_color.o
        gcc sat_color.o -o sat_color -lncurses
</PRE>

¤È¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¡¢<CODE>./sat_color</CODE>¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹(ÌõÃí¡§¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò
¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤ÈÀÄ¤¤ÇØ·Ê¤Î²èÌÌÃæ±û¤ËÎÐÊ¸»ú¤Ç¡ÖWorld Domination¡×¡¢¤½¤Î¼þ¤ê
¤ò²«¿§Ê¸»ú¡ÖLinux¡×¤¬¤°¤ë¤°¤ë²ó¤ë¥Ç¥â¤¬¸«¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£<CODE>color_xterm</CODE>¤Ê¤É¤Ç
¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤)¡£
<P>
<P>
<HR>
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