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<H2><A NAME="s6">6. $B%9!<%Q!<%3%s%T%e!<%?$N%"!<%-%F%/%A%c(B</A></H2>

<P>$B%9!<%Q!<%3%s%T%e!<%?$N9=C[$K4X$7$F!":G6a$N82Cx$J798~$H$7$F$O(B
$B$[$H$s$I$N?7$7$$%7%9%F%`$OF1$8%F!<%^$K4p$E$$$F>/$7JQ2=$r$D$1$?(B
$B$b$N$H$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$9$J$o$A!"9bB.%M%C%H%o!<%/$G7R$,$l$?!"(BRISC $B%Y!<%9$N(B
$BBP>N%^%k%A%W%m%;%C%7%s%0(B (Symmetric Multi-Processing :SMP)$B%N!<%I$N=89gBN$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"%"!<%-%F%/%A%c$N<+A3$J?J2=$@$H;W$C$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
$B%W%m%;%C%5(B (RISC)$B$b%M%C%H%o!<%/5!4o$bHf3SE*0B2A$K=P2s$k$h$&$K$J$j!"(B
$BI8=`2=$5$l$?DL?.%=%U%H%&%'%"$r;H$$!"$=$l$i$N%W%m%;%C%5$r$D$J$$$G(B
$B0lBN2=$9$k$3$H$,2DG=$K$J$C$?;v$G!"%a!<%+!<$,Ds6!$9$k40@.$7$?%7%9%F%`(B
$B$r;H$&$+$o$j$K!"<+2H@=%/%i%9%?%3%s%T%e!<%?$r9=C[$9$k%1!<%9$,A}$($F$$$^$9!#(B
<P>$B%9!<%Q!<%3%s%T%e!<%?$K4X$9$k0J2<$N%5%$%H$rK,$l$F$_$F$/$@$5$$(B -
<UL>
<LI> Top 500 super computers 
<A HREF="http://www.top500.org/ORSC/2000">http://www.top500.org/ORSC/2000</A></LI>
<LI> National Computing Facilities Foundation 
<A HREF="http://www.nwo.nl/ncf/indexeng.htm">http://www.nwo.nl/ncf/indexeng.htm</A></LI>
<LI> Linux Super Computer Beowulf cluster 
<A HREF="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Beowulf-HOWTO.html">http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Beowulf-HOWTO.html</A></LI>
<LI> Extreme machines - beowulf cluster 
<A HREF="http://www.xtreme-machines.com">http://www.xtreme-machines.com</A></LI>
<LI> System architecture description of
the Hitachi SR2201 
<A HREF="http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/hpc/eng/sr1.html">http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/hpc/eng/sr1.html</A></LI>
<LI> Personal Parallel Supercomputers 
<A HREF="http://www.checs.net/checs_98/papers/super">http://www.checs.net/checs_98/papers/super</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="ss6.1">6.1 $B<g$J%"!<%-%F%/%A%c$N<oN`(B</A>
</H2>

<P>$B%^%7%s$=$N$b$N$K$D$$$F$NOC$r;O$a$kA0$K!"(B
$B@-G=$r>e$2$k0Y$K8=:_;H$o$l!"$"$k$$$O@N$+$i$:$C$H;H$o$l$F$$$k(B
$B$$$/$D$+$N%a%+%K%:%`$K$D$$$F9M$($k$3$H$,=EMW$G$9!#(B
$B%7%s%0%k%W%m%;%C%5$N@-G=$r1[$($F%3%s%T%e!<%?%7%9%F%`$r9bB.2=$9$k>e$G$N(B
$B2DG=!"IT2DG=$H$$$&$N$O!"$=$NBgItJ,$,%O!<%I%&%'%"$N9=B$$"$k$$$O%"!<%-%F%/%A%c$G(B
$B7h$^$C$F$7$^$$$^$9!#(B
$B%O!<%I%&%'%"$H$NAH9g$;$G$b$&0l$D9M$($i$l$k=EMW$JE@$O!"MQ0U$5$l$?%O!<%I%&%'%"(B
$B%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`$K$*$$$F=hM}8zN($NNI$$%3!<%I$r@8@.$9$k$?$a$N%3%s%Q%$%i$NG=NO$G$9!#(B
$BB?$/$N>l9g$K$*$$$F%O!<%I%&%'%"$H%=%U%H%&%'%"$N$I$A$i$,1F6A$7$F$$$k$N$+$r(B
$B6hJL$9$k$N$O:$Fq$G$"$j!"$"$k8z2L$,%O!<%I%&%'%"!"$"$k$$$O%=%U%H%&%'%"!"(B
$B$^$?$O$=$NN>J}$K$h$k$b$N$J$N$+$H$$$&>lLL$G!"$=$N7k2L$r2r<a$9$k$H$-$K$O(B
$B?5=E$K$J$i$J$/$F$O$J$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B$3$N>O$G$O(B &quot;$B9b@-G=(B&quot; $B$G$"$k$HJ,N`$5$l$k%^%7%s$K$D$$$F5-=R$9$k$?$a(B
$B%O!<%I%&%'%"%"!<%-%F%/%A%c$K:G$b=EE@$rCV$-$^$9!#(B
<P>$B2?G/$K$bEO$j!"!V%U%j%s(B (Flynn)$B$NJ,N`!W$,9b@-G=%3%s%T%e!<%?$rJ,N`$9$k$N$KLrN)$D$3$H(B
$B$r>ZL@$7$F$-$^$7$?!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"L?Na(B (instruction)$B%9%H%j!<%`$H%G!<%?%9%H%j!<%`$N07$$J}$N0c$$$K$h$C$F(B
$BJ,N`$9$kJ}K!$G!"(B4$B$D$N<g$J%"!<%-%F%/%A%c$N%/%i%9$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$^$:!"$=$l$i$N%/%i%9$K$D$$$F4JC1$K35MW$r=R$Y!"$=$N$"$H$G$=$l$>$l$N%/%i%9$K$D$$$F(B
$B=R$Y$k$H$-$K>\:Y$K?($l$k;v$H$7$^$7$g$&!#(B
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss6.2">6.2 SISD (Single Instruction stream, Single Data stream) $B%^%7%s(B </A>
</H2>

<P>$B0l$D$N(B CPU $B$rEk:\$7!"C`<!=hM}$5$l$k0l8D$N(B
$BL?Na%9%H%j!<%`$r07$&$h$&$J5l<0$N%7%9%F%`$O$3$N%/%i%9$K4^$^$l$^$9!#(B
$B:G6a$G$O$?$/$5$s$NBg7?%a%$%s%U%l!<%`$,J#?t(B CPU $B$rHw$($F$$$k$3$H$,(B
$B$"$j$^$9$,!"$=$l$>$l$,$*8_$$$KL54X78$JL?Na%9%H%j!<%`$r<B9T$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$=$l$f$(!"$3$N$h$&$J%^%7%s$b0[$J$k%G!<%?6u4V$GF0:n$9$k(B SISD($B$N=8$^$j(B)
$B$G$"$k$H$$$($^$9!#(B
SISD $B$NNc$H$7$F$O(B DEC $B$d(B Hewlett-Packard $B$=$7$F(B Sun Microsystems $B$N(B
$B$[$H$s$I$N%o!<%/%9%F!<%7%g%s$,5s$2$i$l$^$9!#(B
SISD $B%^%7%s$NDj5A$O$3$3$G$OC1$K$9$Y$F$N%/%i%9$rLVMe$9$k$?$a$K9T$J$C$?$@$1$G$9!#(B
$B$3$N%?%$%W$N%^%7%s$K$D$$$F$O$3$N%l%]!<%H$G$O07$$$^$;$s!#(B
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss6.3">6.3 SIMD(Single Instruction stream, Multiple Data stream) $B%^%7%s(B</A>
</H2>

<P>$B$3$N$h$&$J%^%7%s$O$7$P$7$P(B 1,024$B8D$+$i(B 16,384$B8D$H$$$C$?KDBg$J?t$N(B
$B=hM}C10L$r$b$A!"$=$l$i$,$=$l$>$l0[$J$k%G!<%?$KBP$7$F73Bb$N9T?J$N$h$&$K(B
$BF1$8L?Na$r<B9T$9$k$3$H$,2DG=$H$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$7$?$,$C$F!"$?$C$?0l$D$NL?Na$GB?$/$N%G!<%?$rJBNs$KA`$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%?%$%W$KJ,N`$5$l$k(B SIMD $B$NNc$H$7$F$O(B CPP DAP Gamma II $B$d(B Alenia Quadrics
$B$J$I$,5s$2$i$l$^$9!#(B
<P>$B$b$&0l$D$N%?%$%W$N(B SIMD $B%7%9%F%`$O%Y%/%H%k%W%m%;%C%5$G$9!#(B
$B%Y%/%H%k%W%m%;%C%5$OFCJL$J9=B$$r$b$D(B CPU $B$r;H$C$F!"FHN)$7$?%G!<%?72(B
$B$h$jN`;w%G!<%?$NG[Ns$KBP$7$FG=NO$rH/4x$7$^$9!#(B
$B%Y%/%H%k%f%K%C%H$G%G!<%?$r=hM}$9$k>l9g!"7k2L$O(B3$B%/%m%C%/%5%$%/%kEv$?$j(B
1$B8D$+$^$?FCJL$J>l9g$K$O(B2$B8D$N3d9g$G=PNO$5$l$^$9!#(B
(1$B%/%m%C%/%5%$%/%k$H$O%7%9%F%`$NFbIt=hM};~4V$N4pK\C10L$G$9!#(B)
$B$D$^$j!"%Y%/%H%k%b!<%I$G<B9T$9$k$H$-$K8B$j(B $B%Y%/%H%k%W%m%;%C%5$O(B
$B$[$\JBNs$K%G!<%?$r=hM}$9$k;v$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N>l9g!"5l<0$N%9%+%i!<%b!<%I$G<B9T$9$k$N$KHf$Y$F?tG\9bB.$H$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N$?$a!"%Y%/%H%k%W%m%;%C%5$N<BMQ>e$N8z2L$O!"$[$\(B SIMD $B%^%7%s$HF1$8$H(B
$B9M$($i$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N$h$&$J%7%9%F%`$NNc$r$"$2$k$H$9$l$P!"(BHitachi S3600 $B$G$9!#(B
<H2><A NAME="ss6.4">6.4 MISD(Multiple Instruction stream, Single Data stream) $B%^%7%s(B</A>
</H2>

<P>$BM}O@E*$K$O$3$N$h$&$J%?%$%W$N%^%7%s$G$O!"J#?t$NL?Na$,C10l$N(B
$B%G!<%?%9%H%j!<%`$KBP$7$FF0:n$9$k$3$H$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%/%i%9$KJ,N`$5$l$k%^%7%s$O<B:]$K$O:#$^$G:n$i$l$?;v$O$J$/!"(B
$B$^$?4JC1$KA[A|$G$-$k$b$N$G$b$J$$$N$G!"(B
$B$3$l0J9_$NItJ,$G$O$3$N%/%i%9$rL5;k$7$^$9!#(B
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss6.5">6.5 MIMD(Multiple Instruction stream, Multiple Data stream) $B%^%7%s(B</A>
</H2>

<P>$B$3$l$i$N%^%7%s$O$$$/$D$+$NL?Na%9%H%j!<%`$r0[$J$k%G!<%?$KBP$7$F(B
$BJBNs$K<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
$B>e=R$N%^%k%A%W%m%;%C%5(B SISD $B%^%7%s$H$N0c$$$O!"J#?t$NL?Na$dJ#?t$N%G!<%?$,!"(B
$BF1$8%?%9%/$N0[$J$kItJ,$G$"$k$,8N$K$*8_$$$K4X78$7$"$C$F$$$k$H$$$&;v<B$G$9!#(B
$B$7$?$,$C$F(B MIMD $B%7%9%F%`$O%a%$%s%?%9%/$N=hM};~4V$rC;=L$9$k$?$a$K(B
$BB?$/$N%5%V%?%9%/$rJBNs$K<B9T$5$;$k;v$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
MIMD $B$K$OB?$/$N%P%j%(!<%7%g%s$,$"$j!"FC$K$3$N%/%i%9$K$*$$$F$O(B Flynn $B$NJ,N`(B
$B$O%7%9%F%`$NJ,N`K!$H$7$FE,@Z$G$J$$;v$,J,$+$j$^$9!#(B
$BA4$/0[$J$kF0:n7ABV$N(B4$B%W%m%;%C%5$N(B NEC SX-5 $B$H(B 1000$B%W%m%;%C%5$N(B SGI/Cray T3E
$B$,N>J}$H$bF1$8$3$N%/%i%9$KJ,N`$5$l$F$7$^$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N$?$a!"$3$N8e$NItJ,$K$*$$$F$O!"%7%9%F%`$NJ,N`$K$*$$$F$b$&0l$DJL$J!"=EMW$J(B
$B6hJL$r$7$F$=$l$r07$C$F$$$-$^$9!#(B
<P>
<H3>$B6&M-%a%b%j%7%9%F%`(B (Shared Memory systems)</H3>

<P>$B6&M-%a%b%j%7%9%F%`$G$O!"J#?t$N(B CPU $B$,A4$FF1$8%"%I%l%96u4V$r6&M-$7$^$9!#(B
$BA4$F$N(B CPU $B$,BPEy$K!"$?$C$?0l$D$N%a%b%j$K%"%/%;%9$9$k$N$G(B
$B%f!<%6$O%G!<%?$N3JG<>l=j$rCN$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B6&M-%a%b%j%7%9%F%`$O(B SIMD $B$G$"$k$3$H$b$"$j(B MIMD $B$G$"$k$3$H$b$"$j$^$9(B
$B%7%s%0%k(B CPU $B$N%Y%/%H%k%W%m%;%C%5$OA0<T$NNc$H$7$F5s$2$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B0lJ}%^%k%A(B CPU $B6&M-%a%b%j%7%9%F%`$N%^%7%s$O8e<T$NNc$H$J$j$^$9!#(B
$B:#8e!"$3$NFs$D$N%5%V%/%i%9$K$D$$$F(B SM-SIMD, SM-MIMD $B$H$$$&N,8l$r(B
$BMQ$$$k$3$H$K$7$^$9!#(B
<P>
<H3>$BJ,;6%a%b%j%7%9%F%`(B (Distributed Memory systems)</H3>

<P>$B$3$N%1!<%9$G$O!"(BCPU $B$O$=$l$>$l$K4XO"$E$1$i$l$?%a%b%j$r;}$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$BJ#?t$N(B CPU $B$,%M%C%H%o!<%/$G@\B3$5$l$F$$$F!"MW5a$K1~$8$F$=$l$>$l$N(B
$BC4Ev$9$k%a%b%j4V$G%G!<%?$r8r49$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B6&M-%a%b%j%7%9%F%`$H$OBP>HE*$K!"%f!<%6$O%m!<%+%k%a%b%jFb$N%G!<%?$N(B
$B0LCV$rCN$C$F$$$J$1$l$P$J$i$:!"$^$?MW5a$K1~$8$FL@<(E*$K%G!<%?$N0\F0$dJ,G[$r(B
$B9T$o$J$/$F$O$J$j$^$;$s!#(B
$BJ,;6%a%b%j%7%9%F%`$K$b!"(BSIMD, MIMD $B$$$:$l$N>l9g$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B@h$K@bL@$7$?J}$N!"73Bb$N9T?J$N$h$&$KF0:n$9$k(B SIMD $B%7%9%F%`$O(B
$BA4$F%W%m%;%C%5$K4XO"$E$1$i$l$?J,;6%a%b%j$r;}$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B8e$G=R$Y$k$h$&$K!"J,;6%a%b%j7?(B MIMD $B%7%9%F%`$K$O!"Hs>o$KB?MM$J<oN`$N(B
$B%M%C%H%o!<%/@\B37ABV(B ($B%H%]%m%8(B) $B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$N0\?"@-$K4X$7$FLrN)$D%H%]%m%8$N>\:Y$O(B
$BBgItJ,$,%f!<%6$+$i8+$($J$$$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B:#8e!"$3$NFs$D$N%5%V%/%i%9$K$D$$$F(B DM-SIMD, DM-MIMD $B$H$$$&N,8l$r(B
$BMQ$$$k$3$H$K$7$^$9!#(B
<P>$B6&M-%a%b%j%^%7%s$HJ,;6%a%b%j%^%7%s$N0c$$$OL@Gr$G$"$k$h$&$K8+$($^$9$,(B
$B%f!<%6$N;kE@$G8+$l$PI,$:$7$b$=$&$H$O$$$($^$;$s!#(B
$BNc$($P6a:"$N(B Kendall Square Research $B%7%9%F%`$O%O!<%I%&%'%"%l%Y%k$G$N(B
&quot;$B2>A[6&M-%a%b%j(B&quot;$B$H$$$&9M$(J}$r:NMQ$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B2>A[6&M-%a%b%j$O%=%U%H%&%'%"%l%Y%k$G$b%7%_%e%l!<%H$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$BNc$($P!"(B1993$BG/$KH/I=$5$l$?(B High Performance Fortran(HPF)$B$N;EMM$O(B
$B%3%s%Q%$%i$N;XNa$K$h$C$F!"%G!<%?$rMxMQ2DG=$J%W%m%;%C%5$K(B
$BJ,;6$9$k$H$$$&$b$N$G$7$?!#(B
$B$3$N$?$a!"$3$N>l9g(B HPF $B$,<BAu$5$l$?%7%9%F%`$O%f!<%6$K$H$C$F(B
$B6&M-%a%b%j%^%7%s$N$h$&$K8+$($^$9!#(B
HP(Heulett Packard)$B$d(B SGI/Cray $B$J$IB>$NBg5,LOJBNs=hM}%7%9%F%`(B
(Massively Parallel Processing systems:MPP systems)
$B$N%Y%s%@$b2>A[6&M-%a%b%j%W%m%0%i%_%s%0%b%G%k$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$=$&$9$l$P!"J*M}E*$K$OJ,;6%a%b%j%7%9%F%`$G$"$C$F$b%"%I%l%96u4V$N=89gA4BN$N(B
$B%"%I%l%9$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+$i$G$9!#(B
$B$7$?$,$C$F!"%f!<%6$N$?$a$K%7%9%F%`$O%a%b%jA4BN$KEO$kC10l$N(B
$B%0%m!<%P%k%"%I%l%96u4V$r;}$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N$h$&$J%7%9%F%`$N9=B$$K$D$$$F$O(B ccNUMA $B$N$H$3$m$G$b$&>/$7$@$1?($l$k$D$b$j$G$9!#(B
$B$5$i$K!"(BTreadMarks $B$N$h$&$J%Q%C%1!<%8$O%o!<%/%9%F!<%7%g%s$N%M%C%H%o!<%/$K(B
$B2>A[6&M-%a%b%j4D6-$r$b$?$i$7$^$9!#(B
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss6.6">6.6 $BJ,;6=hM}%7%9%F%`(B</A>
</H2>

<P>$B$3$3?tG/$GEP>l$7$?$b$&0l$D$N%H%l%s%I$OJ,;6=hM}$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O(B DM-MIMD $B$N35G0$r0lJbA0?J$5$;$?$b$N$G$9!#(B
$B$9$J$o$A!"0l$D$"$k$$$OJ#?t$NH"$KF~$C$?B?$/$NE}9g$5$l$?%W%m%;%C%5$NBe$o$j$K!"(B
$B%o!<%/%9%F!<%7%g%s$d%a%$%s%U%l!<%`$J$I$r(B ($B%.%,%S%C%H$N(B) $B%$!<%5%M%C%H$d(B
FDDI$B$d$"$k$$$OJL$JJ}K!$G@\B3$7$FF1$8%W%m%0%i%`$GF1;~$K:n6H$9$k$h$&$K(B
$B$7$?$b$N$G$9!#(B
$B%3%s%;%W%H$H$7$F$O$3$l$O(B DM-MIMD $B$HJQ$o$j$"$j$^$;$s$,%W%m%;%C%54V$N(B
$BDL?.$O$7$P$7$P7e$O$:$l$KCY$/$J$j$^$9!#(B
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