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<TITLE>CPU Design HOW-TO: CPU Museum $B$H(B Silicon Zoo</TITLE>
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<H2><A NAME="s3">3. CPU Museum $B$H(B Silicon Zoo</A></H2>
<P>$B$3$N>O$G$O(B CPU $B%F%/%N%m%8$N4pK\Cf$N4pK\$r<h$j07$$$^$9!#(B
$B$9$G$K5;=QE*$J%P%C%/%0%i%&%s%I$r$*;}$A$G$"$l$PFI$_Ht$P$7$FD:$$$F9=$$$^$;$s!#(B
<P>
<H2><A NAME="museum"></A> <A NAME="ss3.1">3.1 CPU Museum </A>
</H2>
<P>CPU Museum $B$O(B
<UL>
<LI> Intel CPU Museum
<A HREF="http://www.intel.com/intel/intelis/museum">http://www.intel.com/intel/intelis/museum</A></LI>
<LI> Intel - $B%^%$%/%m%W%m%;%C%5$NNr;K(B
<A HREF="http://www.intel.com/intel/museum/25anniv">http://www.intel.com/intel/museum/25anniv</A></LI>
<LI> Virtual Museum of Computing
<A HREF="http://www.museums.reading.ac.uk/vmoc">http://www.museums.reading.ac.uk/vmoc</A></LI>
<LI> Silicon Zoo
<A HREF="http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/creatures/index.html">http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/creatures/index.html</A></LI>
<LI> Intel - $B%W%m%;%C%5$O$I$&$d$C$FF0$/$N$+(B
<A HREF="http://www.intel.com/education/mpuworks">http://www.intel.com/education/mpuworks</A></LI>
<LI> Simple course in Microprocessors
<A HREF="http://www.hkrmicro.com/course/micro.html">http://www.hkrmicro.com/course/micro.html</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="trans"></A> <A NAME="ss3.2">3.2 $B%H%i%s%8%9%?$O$I$N$h$&$KF0:n$9$k$+(B </A>
</H2>
<P>$B%^%$%/%m%W%m%;%C%5$O;dC#$,KhF|;H$&(B TV $B$d<+F0<V!"%i%8%*!"2HDmMQ5!4o!"(B
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$B$H$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B%^%$%/%m%W%m%;%C%5$O<g$K%H%i%s%8%9%?$G9=@.$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$b$C$H$b4pK\E*$J%l%Y%k$K$*$$$F$O!"%H%i%s%8%9%?$OC1=c$K8+$($k$+$bCN$l$^$;$s!#(B
$B$7$+$7$J$,$i!"%H%i%s%8%9%?$N3+H/$K$O<B:]2?G/$K$b$o$?$kLJL)$JD4::$,I,MW$G$7$?!#(B
$B%H%i%s%8%9%?$NEP>l0JA0$O!"%3%s%T%e!<%?$O>pJs$r=hM}$9$k$N$K!"(B
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1958 $BG/$K5;=Q<TC#$O(B ($B$=$N$&$A$N0l?M$O(B Intel $B$NAO@_<T$N(B Robert Noyce $B$G$9$,(B )
$B0l$D$N%7%j%3%s7k>=>e$KFs$D$N%H%i%s%8%9%?$r$N$;$k;v$K@.8y$7!"(B
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$B%^%$%/%m%W%m%;%C%5$N4pK\MWAG$G$9!#(B
$B$4$/IaDL$NEEEt$N%9%$%C%A$HF1$8$h$&$K!"%H%i%s%8%9%?$O(B ON $B$H(B OFF
$B$NFs$D$N:nF00LCV$r$b$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B%H%i%s%8%9%?$N!"$3$N(B ON/OFF $B$9$J$o$A(B 2$BCM$r$b$D$H$$$&5!G=$K$h$C$F(B
$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$O>pJs$r=hM}$9$k;v$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
<P><B>$BEE;R%9%$%C%A$NF0:n86M}(B </B>
<P>$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$,M}2r$G$-$kM#0l$N>pJs$O!"(BON $B$+(B OFF $B$+$NEE5$?.9f$@$1$G$9!#(B
$B%H%i%s%8%9%?$rM}2r$9$k0Y$K$O!"EE;R%9%$%C%A2sO)$NF0:n86M}$rCN$k(B
$BI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$BEE;R%9%$%C%A2sO)$O$$$/$D$+$NItJ,$G9=@.$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$=$N$&$A$N0l$D$O!"EEN.$,N.$l$kDL$jF;$G$9(B - $BBeI=E*$JNc$OEE@~$G$9!#(B
$B$b$&0l$D$O%9%$%C%A!"$9$J$o$AEEN.$r;_$a$?$jN.$7$?$j$9$kAuCV$G!"$3$l$O(B
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$B$$$k$N$G$9!#(B
<P>
<H2><A NAME="transinfo"></A> <A NAME="ss3.3">3.3 $B%H%i%s%8%9%?$O$I$N$h$&$K>pJs$r07$&$N$+(B</A>
</H2>
<P>$B%H%i%s%8%9%?$NMM$K$?$C$?Fs$D$N>uBV$7$+$b$?$J$$J*$O!"(B2$B?J?t$G$"$k$H(B
$B$$$($^$9!#(B
1 $B$,%H%i%s%8%9%?$N(B ON $B>uBV$rI=$7!"(B0 $B$,(B OFF $B>uBV$rI=$7$^$9!#(B
$BJ#?t$N%H%i%s%8%9%?$K$h$C$F:n$i$l$k(B 1 $B$H(B 0 $B$NFCDj$N=gHV$HAH9g$;$G(B
$BJ8;z$d?t;z!"?'$=$7$F2hA|$J$I$rI=$9;v$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"(B2$B?JI=5-K!$H$7$FCN$i$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
<P>
<H2><A NAME="bininfo"></A> <A NAME="ss3.4">3.4 2$B?J?t$N>pJs$rI=<($9$k(B </A>
</H2>
<P><B> $B$"$J$?$NL>A0$r(B2$B?J?t$GDV$C$F$_$^$7$g$&(B </B>
<P>
<P>$B%"%k%U%!%Y%C%H$NJ8;z$K$O$=$l$>$lBP1~$9$k(B2$B?J?t$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B0J2<$K(B JOHN $B$H$$$&L>A0$H!"$=$l$KBP1~$9$k(B2$B?J?t$r<($7$^$9!#(B
<HR>
<PRE>
J 0100 1010
O 0100 1111
H 0100 1000
N 0100 1110
</PRE>
<HR>
$B$h$jJ#;($J!"2hA|$d%*!<%G%#%*!"%S%G%*Ey$NMM$J>pJs$b(B 2$B?J?t!"(B
$B$9$J$o$A%H%i%s%8%9%?$N(B ON/OFF $BF0:n$r;H$C$FI=$9$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B%Z!<%8$r%9%/%m!<%k$7$F2<$N%"%k%U%!%Y%C%H$H(B2$B?J?t$NBP1~I=$r8+$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
<CENTER><TABLE BORDER><TR><TD>
<BR>
$BJ8;z(B </TD><TD>2$B?J?t(B </TD><TD>$BJ8;z(B </TD><TD>2$B?J?t(B </TD></TR><TR><TD>
A </TD><TD> 0100 0001 </TD><TD> N </TD><TD> 0100 1110 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
B </TD><TD> 0100 0010 </TD><TD> O </TD><TD> 0100 1111 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
C </TD><TD> 0100 0011 </TD><TD> P </TD><TD> 0101 0000 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
D </TD><TD> 0100 0100 </TD><TD> Q </TD><TD> 0101 0001 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
E </TD><TD> 0100 0101 </TD><TD> R </TD><TD> 0101 0010 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
F </TD><TD> 0100 0110 </TD><TD> S </TD><TD> 0101 0011 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
G </TD><TD> 0100 0111 </TD><TD> T </TD><TD> 0101 0100 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
H </TD><TD> 0100 1000 </TD><TD> U </TD><TD> 0101 0101 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
I </TD><TD> 0100 1001 </TD><TD> V </TD><TD> 0101 0110 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
J </TD><TD> 0100 1010 </TD><TD> W </TD><TD> 0101 0111 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
K </TD><TD> 0100 1011 </TD><TD> X </TD><TD> 0101 1000 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
L </TD><TD> 0100 1100 </TD><TD> Y </TD><TD> 0101 1001 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
M </TD><TD> 0100 1101 </TD><TD> Z </TD><TD> 0101 1010 </TD></TR><TR><TD>
<CAPTION><B>$B%"%k%U%!%Y%C%H(B - 2$B?J?tBP1~I=(B</B></CAPTION>
</TD></TR></TABLE></CENTER>
<H2><A NAME="semicon"></A> <A NAME="ss3.5">3.5 $BH>F3BN$H$O2?$+(B ? </A>
</H2>
<P><B>$BF3BN$H@d1oBN(B</B>
<P>$B$[$H$s$I$N6bB0$r$O$8$a!"EE5$$rDL$9J*<A$O$?$/$5$s$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B$=$l$i$OF3BN$H$7$FCN$i$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
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$BBgItJ,$N%H%i%s%8%9%?$N%Y!<%9AG:`$G$"$k=c?h$J%7%j%3%s$OH>F3BN$H(B
$B9M$($i$l$^$9!#(B
$B$J$<$J$i$P!"IT=cJ*$rE:2C$9$k$3$H$GF3EE@-$rJQ2=$5$;$k$3$H$,(B
$B$G$-$k$+$i$G$9!#(B
($BLuCm(B:$BH>F3BN$H8F$P$l$kM}M3$G$O$3$l$G$O$J$$$h$&$J5$$,$7$^$9!#(B)
<H3><A NAME="anatomy"></A> $B%H%i%s%8%9%?$NJ,@O(B </H3>
<P><B>$BH>F3BN$HEE5$$NN.$l(B</B>
<P>$B$"$k<o$NIT=cJ*$r%H%i%s%8%9%?$N%7%j%3%s$KE:2C$9$k$H!"7k>=<A$,JQ2=$7$F(B
$BF3EE@-$,8~>e$7$^$9!#(B
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- p $B$O@5(B (positive) $B$9$J$o$A!"EE;R$,ITB-$7$F$$$k$H$$$&0UL#$G$9!#(B
($BLuCm(B: $B@5$NEE2Y!"$9$J$o$AEE;R$,7g$1$?7j$r!V@59&(B(positive hole)$B!W$H$$$$$^$9!#(B)
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- n $B$OIi(B (negative) $B$9$J$o$A!"B??t$N<+M3EE;R$r$b$C$F$$$k$H$$$&0UL#$G$9!#(B
<P>
<H3><A NAME="worktrans"></A> $BF0:nCf$N%H%i%s%8%9%?(B </H3>
<P><B>$BF0:nCf$N%H%i%s%8%9%?(B - $B%H%i%s%8%9%?$N(B ON/OFF $B>uBV(B</B>
<P>$B%H%i%s%8%9%?$K$OB?$/$N%?%$%W$,$"$j$^$9$,!"$3$3$G$ONc$H$7$F(B
$BH>F3BN$N=8@Q2sO)$K$h$/;H$o$l$F$$$k(B n $B%A%c%M%k(B MOS FET(nMOSFET) $B$K$D$$$F2r@b$7$^$9!#(B
MOS $B$H$O(B Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor $B$NN,$G!"(B<$B6bB0(B> - <$B;@2=J*(B ($BB?$/$N>l9g(B SiO2
$B$G@d1oHiKl$r7A@.(B )> - <$BH>F3BN(B>
$B$$$&%5%s%I%$%C%A9=B$(B (MOS $B9=B$(B )$B$r$b$C$F$$$k!"$H$$$&0UL#$G$9!#(B
MOSFET $B$G$O%2!<%HC<;R$,(B MOS $B9=B$$H$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B0J8e!"$3$N(B nMOSFET $B$N$3$H$rC1$K!V%H%i%s%8%9%?!W$HI=5-$7$^$9!#(B
<P>$B$3$N%H%i%s%8%9%?$O2<?^$N$h$&$J9=B$$r$7$F$*$j!"%=!<%9(B(S)$B!"%2!<%H(B(G)$B!"%I%l%$%s(B(D)
$B$H$$$&(B3$B$D$NC<;R$r$b$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
<PRE>
S G D
###
=====
-----------------
| n+ |@@@@@| n+ |
|____| |____|
p+ area
-----------------
n+ : $BEE;RL)EY$N9b$$ItJ,(B
p+ : $B@59&L)EY$N9b$$ItJ,(B
== : $B;@2=J*@d1oHiKl(B
## : $B6bB0EE6K(B
@@ : $BEEN.$NDL$jF;(B
</PRE>
$B$3$N%?%$%W$N%H%i%s%8%9%?$G$O!"%=!<%9$H%I%l%$%s$OIi$KBSEE$7$F$$$F!"(B
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<H3><A NAME="impact"></A> $B%H%i%s%8%9%?$N>W7b(B </H3>
<P><B>$B%H%i%s%8%9%?$N>W7b(B - $B%^%$%/%m%W%m%;%C%5$,$I$l$[$I;dC#$N@83h$K1F6A$7$F$$$k$+(B</B>
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