This file is indexed.

/usr/share/perl5/Test/Deep.pm is in libtest-deep-perl 1.126-1.

This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.

The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
use strict;
use warnings;

package Test::Deep;
use Carp qw( confess );

use Test::Deep::Cache;
use Test::Deep::Stack;
use Test::Deep::RegexpVersion;

require overload;
use Scalar::Util;

my $Test;
unless (defined $Test::Deep::NoTest::NoTest)
{
# for people who want eq_deeply but not Test::Builder
  require Test::Builder;
  $Test = Test::Builder->new;
}

our ($Stack, %Compared, $CompareCache, %WrapCache, $Shallow);

our $VERSION = '1.126';
$VERSION =~ tr/_//d;

require Exporter;
our @ISA = qw( Exporter );

our $Snobby = 1; # should we compare classes?
our $Expects = 0; # are we comparing got vs expect or expect vs expect

our $LeafWrapper; # to wrap simple values in a test; if not set, shallow()

our $DNE = \"";
our $DNE_ADDR = Scalar::Util::refaddr($DNE);

# if no sub name is supplied then we use the package name in lower case
my @constructors = (
  All               => "",
  Any               => "",
  Array             => "",
  ArrayEach         => "array_each",
  ArrayElementsOnly => "",
  ArrayLength       => "",
  ArrayLengthOnly   => "",
  Blessed           => "",
  Boolean           => "bool",
  Code              => "",
  Hash              => "",
  HashEach          => "hash_each",
  HashKeys          => "",
  HashKeysOnly      => "",
  Ignore            => "",
  Isa               => "Isa",
  ListMethods       => "",
  Methods           => "",
  None              => "",
  Number            => "num",
  Obj               => "obj_isa",
  RefType           => "",
  Regexp            => "re",
  RegexpMatches     => "",
  RegexpOnly        => "",
  RegexpRef         => "",
  RegexpRefOnly     => "",
  ScalarRef         => "scalref",
  ScalarRefOnly     => "",
  Shallow           => "",
  String            => "str",
);

my @CONSTRUCTORS_FROM_CLASSES;

while (my ($pkg, $name) = splice @constructors, 0, 2)
{
  $name = lc($pkg) unless $name;
  my $full_pkg = "Test::Deep::$pkg";
  my $file = "$full_pkg.pm";
  $file =~ s#::#/#g;
  my $sub = sub {
    require $file;
    return $full_pkg->new(@_);
  };
  {
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$name} = $sub;
  }

  push @CONSTRUCTORS_FROM_CLASSES, $name;
}

{
  our @EXPORT_OK = qw( descend render_stack cmp_details deep_diag );

  our %EXPORT_TAGS;
  $EXPORT_TAGS{preload} = [];
  $EXPORT_TAGS{v0} = [
    qw(
      Isa
      blessed
      obj_isa

      all any array array_each arrayelementsonly arraylength arraylengthonly
      bag bool cmp_bag cmp_deeply cmp_methods cmp_set code eq_deeply
      hash hash_each hashkeys hashkeysonly ignore isa listmethods methods
      noclass none noneof num re reftype regexpmatches regexponly regexpref
      regexprefonly scalarrefonly scalref set shallow str subbagof subhashof
      subsetof superbagof superhashof supersetof useclass
    )
  ];

  $EXPORT_TAGS{v1} = [
    qw(
      obj_isa

      all any array array_each arrayelementsonly arraylength arraylengthonly
      bag bool cmp_bag cmp_deeply cmp_methods cmp_set code eq_deeply
      hash hash_each hashkeys hashkeysonly ignore listmethods methods
      noclass none noneof num re reftype regexpmatches regexponly regexpref
      regexprefonly scalarrefonly scalref set shallow str subbagof subhashof
      subsetof superbagof superhashof supersetof useclass
    )
  ];

  our @EXPORT = @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{ v0 } };

  $EXPORT_TAGS{all} = [ @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK ];
}

sub import {
  my $self = shift;
  my @sans_preload = grep {; $_ ne ':preload' } @_;
  if (@_ != @sans_preload) {
    require Test::Deep::All;
    require Test::Deep::Any;
    require Test::Deep::Array;
    require Test::Deep::ArrayEach;
    require Test::Deep::ArrayElementsOnly;
    require Test::Deep::ArrayLength;
    require Test::Deep::ArrayLengthOnly;
    require Test::Deep::Blessed;
    require Test::Deep::Boolean;
    require Test::Deep::Cache::Simple;
    require Test::Deep::Cache;
    require Test::Deep::Class;
    require Test::Deep::Cmp;
    require Test::Deep::Code;
    require Test::Deep::Hash;
    require Test::Deep::HashEach;
    require Test::Deep::HashElements;
    require Test::Deep::HashKeys;
    require Test::Deep::HashKeysOnly;
    require Test::Deep::Ignore;
    require Test::Deep::Isa;
    require Test::Deep::ListMethods;
    require Test::Deep::Methods;
    require Test::Deep::MM;
    require Test::Deep::None;
    require Test::Deep::Number;
    require Test::Deep::Obj;
    require Test::Deep::Ref;
    require Test::Deep::RefType;
    require Test::Deep::Regexp;
    require Test::Deep::RegexpMatches;
    require Test::Deep::RegexpOnly;
    require Test::Deep::RegexpRef;
    require Test::Deep::RegexpRefOnly;
    require Test::Deep::RegexpVersion;
    require Test::Deep::ScalarRef;
    require Test::Deep::ScalarRefOnly;
    require Test::Deep::Set;
    require Test::Deep::Shallow;
    require Test::Deep::Stack;
    require Test::Deep::String;
  }

  $self->export_to_level(1, $self, @_);
}

# this is ugly, I should never have exported a sub called isa now I
# have to try figure out if the recipient wanted my isa or if a class
# imported us and UNIVERSAL::isa is being called on that class.
# Luckily our isa always expects 1 argument and U::isa always expects
# 2, so we can figure out (assuming the caller is not buggy).
sub isa
{
  if (@_ == 1)
  {
    goto &Isa;
  }
  else
  {
    goto &UNIVERSAL::isa;
  }
}

sub cmp_deeply
{
  my ($d1, $d2, $name) = @_;

  my ($ok, $stack) = cmp_details($d1, $d2);

  if (not $Test->ok($ok, $name))
  {
    my $diag = deep_diag($stack);
    $Test->diag($diag);
  }

  return $ok;
}

sub cmp_details
{
  my ($d1, $d2) = @_;

  local $Stack = Test::Deep::Stack->new;
  local $CompareCache = Test::Deep::Cache->new;
  local %WrapCache;

  my $ok = descend($d1, $d2);

  return ($ok, $Stack);
}

sub eq_deeply
{
  my ($d1, $d2) = @_;

  my ($ok) = cmp_details($d1, $d2);

  return $ok
}

sub eq_deeply_cache
{
  # this is like cross between eq_deeply and descend(). It doesn't start
  # with a new $CompareCache but if the comparison fails it will leave
  # $CompareCache as if nothing happened. However, if the comparison
  # succeeds then $CompareCache retains all the new information

  # this allows Set and Bag to handle circular refs

  my ($d1, $d2, $name) = @_;

  local $Stack = Test::Deep::Stack->new;
  $CompareCache->local;

  my $ok = descend($d1, $d2);

  $CompareCache->finish($ok);

  return $ok;
}

sub deep_diag
{
  my $stack = shift;
  # ick! incArrow and other things expect the stack has to be visible
  # in a well known place . TODO clean this up
  local $Stack = $stack;

  my $where = render_stack('$data', $stack);

  confess "No stack to diagnose" unless $stack;
  my $last = $stack->getLast;

  my $diag;
  my $message;
  my $got;
  my $expected;

  my $exp = $last->{exp};
  if (Scalar::Util::blessed($exp))
  {
    if ($exp->can("diagnostics"))
    {
      $diag = $exp->diagnostics($where, $last);
      $diag =~ s/\n+$/\n/;
    }
    else
    {
      if ($exp->can("diag_message"))
      {
        $message = $exp->diag_message($where);
      }
    }
  }

  if (not defined $diag)
  {
    $got = $exp->renderGot($last->{got}) unless defined $got;
    $expected = $exp->renderExp unless defined $expected;
    $message = "Compared $where" unless defined $message;

    $diag = <<EOM
$message
   got : $got
expect : $expected
EOM
  }

  return $diag;
}

sub render_val
{
  my $val = shift;

  my $rendered;
  if (defined $val)
  {
     $rendered = ref($val) ?
       (Scalar::Util::refaddr($val) eq $DNE_ADDR ?
         "Does not exist" :
        overload::StrVal($val)
      ) :
      qq('$val');
  }
  else
  {
    $rendered = "undef";
  }

  return $rendered;
}

sub descend
{
  my ($d1, $d2) = @_;

  if (!ref $d1 and !ref $d2)
  {
    # Shortcut comparison for the non-reference case.
    if (defined $d1)
    {
      return 1 if defined $d2 and $d1 eq $d2;
    }
    else
    {
      return 1 if !defined $d2;
    }
  }

  if (! $Expects and Scalar::Util::blessed($d1) and $d1->isa("Test::Deep::Cmp"))
  {
    my $where = $Stack->render('$data');
    confess "Found a special comparison in $where\nYou can only use specials in the expects structure";
  }

  if (ref $d1 and ref $d2)
  {
    # this check is only done when we're comparing 2 expecteds against each
    # other

    if ($Expects and Scalar::Util::blessed($d1) and $d1->isa("Test::Deep::Cmp"))
    {
      # check they are the same class
      return 0 unless Test::Deep::blessed(Scalar::Util::blessed($d2))->descend($d1);
      if ($d1->can("compare"))
      {
        return $d1->compare($d2);
      }
    }

    my $s1 = Scalar::Util::refaddr($d1);
    my $s2 = Scalar::Util::refaddr($d2);

    if ($s1 eq $s2)
    {
      return 1;
    }
    if ($CompareCache->cmp($d1, $d2))
    {
      # we've tried comparing these already so either they turned out to
      # be the same or we must be in a loop and we have to assume they're
      # the same

      return 1;
    }
    else
    {
      $CompareCache->add($d1, $d2)
    }
  }

  $d2 = wrap($d2);

  $Stack->push({exp => $d2, got => $d1});

  if (ref($d1) and (Scalar::Util::refaddr($d1) == $DNE_ADDR))
  {
    # whatever it was supposed to be, it didn't exist and so it's an
    # automatic fail
    return 0;
  }

  if ($d2->descend($d1))
  {
#    print "d1 = $d1, d2 = $d2\nok\n";
    $Stack->pop;

    return 1;
  }
  else
  {
#    print "d1 = $d1, d2 = $d2\nnot ok\n";
    return 0;
  }
}

sub wrap
{
  my $data = shift;

  my $class = Scalar::Util::blessed($data);
  return $data if defined $class and $data->isa("Test::Deep::Cmp");

  if (defined $class and $data->can('as_test_deep_cmp')) {
    my $cmp = $data->as_test_deep_cmp;
    return $cmp if $cmp->isa('Test::Deep::Cmp');
    Carp::confess("object in expected structure provides as_test_deep_cmp but it did not return a Test::Deep::Cmp");
  }

  my $reftype = _td_reftype($data);

  my $cmp;

  if($reftype eq '')
  {
    $cmp = $Test::Deep::LeafWrapper
         ? $Test::Deep::LeafWrapper->($data)
         : shallow($data);
  }
  else
  {
    my $addr = Scalar::Util::refaddr($data);

    return $WrapCache{$addr} if $WrapCache{$addr};

    if($reftype eq 'ARRAY')
    {
      $cmp = array($data);
    }
    elsif($reftype eq 'HASH')
    {
      $cmp = hash($data);
    }
    elsif($reftype eq 'SCALAR' or $reftype eq 'REF')
    {
      $cmp = scalref($data);
    }
    elsif(($reftype eq 'Regexp') or ($reftype eq 'REGEXP'))
    {
      $cmp = regexpref($data);
    }
    else
    {
      $cmp = $Test::Deep::LeafWrapper
           ? $Test::Deep::LeafWrapper->($data)
           : shallow($data);
    }

    $WrapCache{$addr} = $cmp;
  }
  return $cmp;
}

sub _td_reftype
{
  my $val = shift;

  my $reftype = Scalar::Util::reftype($val);
  return '' unless defined $reftype;

  return $reftype unless $Test::Deep::RegexpVersion::OldStyle;

  my $blessed = Scalar::Util::blessed($val);
  return $reftype unless defined $blessed;

  if ($blessed && $blessed eq "Regexp" and $reftype eq "SCALAR")
  {
    $reftype = "Regexp"
  }

  return $reftype;
}

sub render_stack
{
  my ($var, $stack) = @_;

  return $stack->render($var);
}

sub cmp_methods
{
  local $Test::Builder::Level = $Test::Builder::Level + 1;
  return cmp_deeply(shift, methods(@{shift()}), shift);
}

sub requireclass
{
  require Test::Deep::Class;

  my $val = shift;

  return Test::Deep::Class->new(1, $val);
}

# docs and export say this is called useclass, doh!

*useclass = \&requireclass;

sub noclass
{
  require Test::Deep::Class;

  my $val = shift;

  return Test::Deep::Class->new(0, $val);
}

sub set
{
  require Test::Deep::Set;

  return Test::Deep::Set->new(1, "", @_);
}

sub supersetof
{
  require Test::Deep::Set;

  return Test::Deep::Set->new(1, "sup", @_);
}

sub subsetof
{
  require Test::Deep::Set;

  return Test::Deep::Set->new(1, "sub", @_);
}

sub noneof
{
        require Test::Deep::Set;

        return Test::Deep::Set->new(1, "none", @_);
}

sub cmp_set
{
  local $Test::Builder::Level = $Test::Builder::Level + 1;
  return cmp_deeply(shift, set(@{shift()}), shift);
}

sub bag
{
  require Test::Deep::Set;

  return Test::Deep::Set->new(0, "", @_);
}

sub superbagof
{
  require Test::Deep::Set;

  return Test::Deep::Set->new(0, "sup", @_);
}

sub subbagof
{
  require Test::Deep::Set;

  return Test::Deep::Set->new(0, "sub", @_);
}

sub cmp_bag
{
  local $Test::Builder::Level = $Test::Builder::Level + 1;
  my $ref = ref($_[1]) || "";
  confess "Argument 2 to cmp_bag is not an ARRAY ref (".render_val($_[1]).")"
    unless $ref eq "ARRAY";
  return cmp_deeply(shift, bag(@{shift()}), shift);
}

sub superhashof
{
  require Test::Deep::Hash;

  my $val = shift;

  return Test::Deep::SuperHash->new($val);
}

sub subhashof
{
  require Test::Deep::Hash;

  my $val = shift;

  return Test::Deep::SubHash->new($val);
}

sub builder
{
  if (@_)
  {
    $Test = shift;
  }
  return $Test;
}

1;

__END__

=head1 NAME

Test::Deep - Extremely flexible deep comparison

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  use Test::More tests => $Num_Tests;
  use Test::Deep;

  cmp_deeply(
    $actual_horrible_nested_data_structure,
    $expected_horrible_nested_data_structure,
    "got the right horrible nested data structure"
  );

  cmp_deeply(
    $object,
    methods(name => "John", phone => "55378008"),
    "object methods ok"
  );

  cmp_deeply(
    \@array,
    [$hash1, $hash2, ignore()],
    "first 2 elements are as expected, ignoring 3"
  );

  cmp_deeply(
    $object,
    noclass({value => 5}),
    "object looks ok, not checking it's class"
  );

  cmp_deeply(
    \@result,
    bag('a', 'b', {key => [1, 2]}),
    "array has the 3 things we wanted in some order"
  );

=head1 DESCRIPTION

If you don't know anything about automated testing in Perl then you should
probably read about Test::Simple and Test::More before preceding.
Test::Deep uses the Test::Builder framework.

Test::Deep gives you very flexible ways to check that the result you got is
the result you were expecting. At it's simplest it compares two structures
by going through each level, ensuring that the values match, that arrays and
hashes have the same elements and that references are blessed into the
correct class. It also handles circular data structures without getting
caught in an infinite loop.

Where it becomes more interesting is in allowing you to do something besides
simple exact comparisons. With strings, the C<eq> operator checks that 2
strings are exactly equal but sometimes that's not what you want. When you
don't know exactly what the string should be but you do know some things
about how it should look, C<eq> is no good and you must use pattern matching
instead. Test::Deep provides pattern matching for complex data structures

Test::Deep has B<I<a lot>> of exports.  See L</EXPORTS> below.

=head1 EXAMPLES

How Test::Deep works is much easier to understand by seeing some examples.

=head2 Without Test::Deep

Say you want to test a function which returns a string. You know that your
string should be a 7 digit number beginning with 0, C<eq> is no good in this
situation, you need a regular expression. So you could use Test::More's
C<like()> function:

  like($string, qr/^0[0-9]{6}$/, "number looks good");

Similarly, to check that a string looks like a name, you could do:

  like($string, qr/^(Mr|Mrs|Miss) \w+ \w+$/,
    "got title, first and last name");

Now imagine your function produces a hash with some personal details in it.
You want to make sure that there are 2 keys, Name and Phone and that the
name looks like a name and the phone number looks like a phone number. You
could do:

  $hash = make_person();
  like($hash->{Name}, qr/^(Mr|Mrs|Miss) \w+ \w+$/, "name ok");
  like($hash->{Phone}, qr/^0[0-9]{6}$/, "phone ok");
  is(scalar keys %$hash, 2, "correct number of keys");

But that's not quite right, what if make_person has a serious problem and
didn't even return a hash? We really need to write

  if (ref($hash) eq "HASH")
  {
    like($hash->{Name}, qr/^(Mr|Mrs|Miss) \w+ \w+$/, "name ok");
    like($hash->{Phone}, qr/^0[0-9]{6}$/, "phone ok");
    is(scalar keys %$hash, 2, "correct number of keys");
  }
  else
  {
    fail("person not a hash");
    fail("person not a hash");
    fail("person not a hash"); # need 3 to keep the plan correct
  }

Already this is getting messy, now imagine another entry in the hash, an
array of children's names. This would require


  if (ref($hash) eq "HASH")
  {
    like($hash->{Name}, $name_pat, "name ok");
    like($hash->{Phone}, '/^0d{6}$/', "phone ok");
    my $cn = $hash->{ChildNames};
    if (ref($cn) eq "ARRAY")
    {
      foreach my $child (@$cn)
      {
        like($child, $name_pat);
      }
    }
    else
    {
        fail("child names not an array")
    }
  }
  else
  {
    fail("person not a hash");
  }

This is a horrible mess and because we don't know in advance how many
children's names there will be, we can't make a plan for our test anymore
(actually, we could but it would make things even more complicated).

Test::Deep to the rescue.

=head2 With Test::Deep

  my $name_re = re('^(Mr|Mrs|Miss) \w+ \w+$');
  cmp_deeply(
    $person,
    {
      Name => $name_re,
      Phone => re('^0d{6}$'),
      ChildNames => array_each($name_re)
    },
    "person ok"
  );

This will do everything that the messy code above does and it will give a
sensible message telling you exactly what went wrong if it finds a part of
$person that doesn't match the pattern. C<re()> and C<array_each()> are
special function imported from Test::Deep. They create a marker that tells
Test::Deep that something different is happening here. Instead of just doing
a simple comparison and checking are two things exactly equal, it should do
something else.

If a person was asked to check that 2 structures are equal, they could print
them both out and compare them line by line. The markers above are similar
to writing a note in red pen on one of the printouts telling the person that
for this piece of the structure, they should stop doing simple line by line
comparison and do something else.

C<re($regex)> means that Test::Deep should check that the current piece of
data matches the regex in C<$regex>. C<array_each($struct)> means that
Test::Deep should expect the current piece of data to be an array and it
should check that every element of that array matches C<$struct>.
In this case, every element of C<< $person->{ChildNames} >> should look like a
name. If say the 3rd one didn't you would get an error message something
like

  Using Regexp on $data->{ChildNames}[3]
     got    : 'Queen John Paul Sartre'
     expect : /^(Mr|Mrs|Miss) \w+ \w+$/

There are lots of other special comparisons available, see
L<SPECIAL COMPARISONS PROVIDED> below for the full list.

=head2 Reusing structures

Test::Deep is good for reusing test structures so you can do this

  my $name_re = re('^(Mr|Mrs|Miss) \w+ \w+$');
  my $person_cmp = {
    Name => $name_re,
    Phone => re('^0d{6}$'),
    ChildNames => array_each($name_re)
  };

  cmp_deeply($person1, $person_cmp, "person ok");
  cmp_deeply($person2, $person_cmp, "person ok");
  cmp_deeply($person3, $person_cmp, "person ok");

You can even put $person_cmp in a module and let other people use it when
they are writing test scripts for modules that use your modules.

To make things a little more difficult, lets change the person data
structure so that instead of a list of ChildNames, it contains a list of
hashes, one for each child. So in fact our person structure will contain
other person structures which may contain other person structures and so on.
This is easy to handle with Test::Deep because Test::Deep structures can
include themselves. Simply do

  my $name_re = re('^(Mr|Mrs|Miss) \w+ \w+$');
  my $person_cmp = {
    Name => $name_re,
    Phone => re('^0d{6}$'),
    # note no mention of Children here
  };

  $person_cmp->{Children} = array_each($person_cmp);

  cmp_deeply($person, $person_cmp, "person ok");

This will now check that $person->{Children} is an array and that every
element of that array also matches C<$person_cmp>, this includes checking
that it's children also match the same pattern and so on.

=head2 Circular data structures

A circular data structure is one which loops back on itself, you can make
one easily by doing

  my @b;
  my @a = (1, 2, 3, \@b);
  push(@b, \@a);

now C<@a> contains a reference to be C<@b> and C<@b> contains a reference to
C<@a>. This causes problems if you have a program that wants to look inside
C<@a> and keep looking deeper and deeper at every level, it could get caught
in an infinite loop looking into C<@a> then C<@b> then C<@a> then C<@b> and
so on.

Test::Deep avoids this problem so we can extend our example further by
saying that a person should also list their parents.

  my $name_re = re('^(Mr|Mrs|Miss) \w+ \w+$');
  my $person_cmp = {
    Name => $name_re,
    Phone => re('^0d{6}$'),
    # note no mention of Children here
  };

  $person_cmp->{Children} = each_array($person_cmp);
  $person_cmp->{Parents} = each_array($person_cmp);

  cmp_deeply($person, $person_cmp, "person ok");

So this will check that for each child C<$child> in C<< $person->{Children} >>
that the C<< $child->{Parents} >> matches C<$person_cmp> however it is smart
enough not to get caught in an infinite loop where it keeps bouncing between
the same Parent and Child.

=head1 TERMINOLOGY

C<cmp_deeply($got, $expected, $name)> takes 3 arguments. C<$got> is the
structure that you are checking, you must not include any special
comparisons in this structure or you will get a fatal error. C<$expected>
describes what Test::Deep will be looking for in $got. You can put special
comparisons in $expected if you want to.

As Test::Deep descends through the 2 structures, it compares them one piece
at a time, so at any point in the process, Test::Deep is thinking about 2
things - the current value from C<$got> and the current value from
C<$expected>. In the documentation, I call them C<$got_v> and C<exp_v>
respectively.

=head1 COMPARISON FUNCTIONS

=head3 cmp_deeply

  my $ok = cmp_deeply($got, $expected, $name)

C<$got> is the result to be checked. C<$expected> is the structure against
which C<$got> will be check. C<$name> is the test name.

This is the main comparison function, the others are just wrappers around
this.  C<$got> and C<$expected> are compared recursively.  Each value in
C<$expected> defines what's expected at the corresponding location in C<$got>.
Simple scalars are compared with C<eq>.  References to structures like hashes
and arrays are compared recursively.

Items in C<$expected>, though, can also represent complex tests that check for
numbers in a given range, hashes with at least a certain set of keys, a string
matching a regex, or many other things.

See L</WHAT ARE SPECIAL COMPARISONS> for details.

=head3 cmp_bag

  my $ok = cmp_bag(\@got, \@bag, $name)

Is shorthand for cmp_deeply(\@got, bag(@bag), $name)

I<n.b.>: Both arguments must be array refs. If they aren't an exception will be
thrown.

=head3 cmp_set

  my $ok = cmp_set(\@got, \@set, $name)

Is shorthand for cmp_deeply(\@got, set(@set), $name)

=head3 cmp_methods

  my $ok = cmp_methods(\@got, \@methods, $name)

Is shorthand for cmp_deeply(\@got, methods(@methods), $name)

=head3 eq_deeply

  my $ok = eq_deeply($got, $expected)

This is the same as cmp_deeply() except it just returns true or
false. It does not create diagnostics or talk to L<Test::Builder>, but
if you want to use it in a non-testing environment then you should
import it through L<Test::Deep::NoTest>. For example

  use Test::Deep::NoTest;
  print "a equals b" unless eq_deeply($a, $b);

otherwise the L<Test::Builder> framework will be loaded and testing messages
will be output when your program ends.

=head3 cmp_details

  ($ok, $stack) = cmp_details($got, $expected)

This behaves much like eq_deeply, but it additionally allows you to
produce diagnostics in case of failure by passing the value in C<$stack>
to C<deep_diag>.

Do not make assumptions about the structure or content of C<$stack> and
do not use it if C<$ok> contains a true value.

See L</USING TEST::DEEP WITH TEST::BUILDER> for example uses.

=head1 SPECIAL COMPARISONS PROVIDED

In the documentation below, C<$got_v> is used to indicate any given value
within the C<$got> structure.

=head3 ignore

  cmp_deeply( $got, ignore() );

This makes Test::Deep skip tests on C<$got_v>. No matter what value C<$got_v>
has, Test::Deep will think it's correct. This is useful if some part of the
structure you are testing is very complicated and already tested elsewhere,
or if it is unpredictable.

  cmp_deeply(
    $got,
    {
      name    => 'John',
      rando m => ignore(),
      address => [ '5 A street', 'a town', 'a country' ],
    }
  );

is the equivalent of checking

  $got->{name} eq 'John';
  exists $got->{random};
  cmp_deeply($got->{address}, ['5 A street', 'a town', 'a country']);

=head3 methods

  cmp_deeply( $got, methods(%hash) );

%hash is a hash of method call => expected value pairs.

This lets you call methods on an object and check the result of each call.
The methods will be called in the order supplied. If you want to pass
arguments to the method you should wrap the method name and arguments in an
array reference.

  cmp_deeply(
    $obj,
    methods(name => "John", ["favourite", "food"] => "taco")
  );

is roughly the equivalent of checking that

  $obj->name eq "John"
  $obj->favourite("food") eq "taco"

The methods will be called in the order you supply them and will be called
in scalar context. If you need to test methods called in list context then
you should use C<listmethods()>.

B<NOTE> Just as in a normal test script, you need to be careful if the
methods you call have side effects like changing the object or other objects
in the structure. Although the order of the methods is fixed, the order of
some other tests is not so if C<$expected> is

  {
    manager => methods(@manager_methods),
    coder => methods(@coder_methods)
  }

there is no way to know which if manager and coder will be tested first. If
the methods you are testing depend on and alter global variables or if
manager and coder are the same object then you may run into problems.

=head3 listmethods

  cmp_deeply( $got, listmethods(%hash) );

C<%hash> is a hash of pairs mapping method names to expected return values.

This is almost identical to methods() except the methods are called in list
context instead of scalar context. This means that the expected return
values supplied must be in array references.

  cmp_deeply(
    $obj,
    listmethods(
      name => "John",
      ["favourites", "food"] => ["Mapo tofu", "Gongbao chicken"]
    )
  );

is the equivalent of checking that

  $obj->name eq "John"
  cmp_deeply([$obj->favourites("food")], ["Mapo tofu", "Gongbao chicken"]);

The methods will be called in the order you supply them.

B<NOTE> The same caveats apply as for methods().

=head3 shallow

  cmp_deeply( $got, shallow($thing) );

$thing is a ref.

This prevents Test::Deep from looking inside $thing. It allows you to
check that C<$got_v> and C<$thing> are references to the same variable. So

  my @a = @b = (1, 2, 3);
  cmp_deeply(\@a, \@b);

will pass because C<@a> and C<@b> have the same elements however

  cmp_deeply(\@a, shallow(\@b))

will fail because although C<\@a> and C<\@b> both contain C<1, 2, 3> they are
references to different arrays.

=head3 noclass

  cmp_deeply( $got, noclass($thing) );

$thing is a structure to be compared against.

This makes Test::Deep ignore the class of objects, so it just looks at the
data they contain. Class checking will be turned off until Test::Deep is
finished comparing C<$got_v> against C<$thing>. Once Test::Deep comes out of
C<$thing> it will go back to it's previous setting for checking class.

This can be useful when you want to check that objects have been
constructed correctly but you don't want to write lots of
C<bless>es. If C<@people> is an array of Person objects then

  cmp_deeply(\@people, [
    bless {name => 'John', phone => '555-5555'}, "Person",
    bless {name => 'Anne', phone => '444-4444'}, "Person",
  ]);

can be replaced with

  cmp_deeply(\@people, noclass([
    {name => 'John', phone => '555-5555'},
    {name => 'Anne', phone => '444-4444'}
  ]));

However, this is testing so you should also check that the objects are
blessed correctly. You could use a map to bless all those hashes or you
could do a second test like

  cmp_deeply(\@people, array_each(isa("Person"));

=head3 useclass

  cmp_deeply( $got, useclass($thing) );

This turns back on the class comparison while inside a C<noclass()>.

  cmp_deeply(
    $got,
    noclass(
      [
        useclass( $object )
      ]
    )
  )

In this example the class of the array reference in C<$got> is ignored but
the class of C<$object> is checked, as is the class of everything inside
C<$object>.

=head3 re

  cmp_deeply( $got, re($regexp, $capture_data, $flags) );

C<$regexp> is either a regular expression reference produced with C<qr/.../>
or a string which will be used to construct a regular expression.

C<$capture_data> is optional and is used to check the strings captured by an
regex. This should can be an array ref or a Test::Deep comparator that works
on array refs.

C<$flags> is an optional string which controls whether the regex runs as a
global match. If C<$flags> is "g" then the regex will run as C<m/$regexp/g>.

Without C<$capture_data>, this simply compares C<$got_v> with the regular
expression provided. So

  cmp_deeply($got, [ re("ferg") ])

is the equivalent of

  $got->[0] =~ /ferg/

With C<$capture_data>,

  cmp_deeply($got, [re($regex, $capture_data)])

is the equivalent of

  my @data = $got->[0] =~ /$regex/;
  cmp_deeply(\@data, $capture_data);

So you can do something simple like

  cmp_deeply($got, re(qr/(\d\d)(\w\w)/, [25, "ab" ]))

to check that C<(\d\d)> was 25 and C<(\w\w)> was "ab" but you can also use
Test::Deep objects to do more complex testing of the captured values

  cmp_deeply(
    "cat=2,dog=67,sheep=3,goat=2,dog=5",
    re(
      qr/(\D+)=\d+,?/,
      set(qw( cat sheep dog )),
      "g"
    ),
  );

here, the regex will match the string and will capture the animal names and
check that they match the specified set, in this case it will fail,
complaining that "goat" is not in the set.

=head3 all

  cmp_deeply( $got, all(@expecteds) );

C<@expecteds> is an array of expected structures.

This allows you to compare data against multiple expected results and make
sure each of them matches.

  cmp_deeply($got, all(isa("Person"), methods(name => 'John')))

is equivalent to

  $got->isa("Person")
  $got->name eq 'John'

If either test fails then the whole thing is considered a fail. This is a
short-circuit test, the testing is stopped after the first failure, although
in the future it may complete all tests so that diagnostics can be output
for all failures. When reporting failure, the parts are counted from 1.

Thanks to the magic of overloading, you can write

  any( re("^wi"), all(isa("Person"), methods(name => 'John')) )

as

   re("^wi") | isa("Person") & methods(name => 'John')

Note B<single> C<|> not double, as C<||> cannot be overloaded. This will
only work when there is a special comparison involved. If you write

  "john" | "anne" | "robert"

Perl will turn this into

  "{onort"

which is presumably not what you wanted. This is because perl ors them
together as strings before Test::Deep gets a chance to do any overload
tricks.

=head3 any

  cmp_deeply( $got, any(@expecteds) );

C<@expecteds> is an array of expected structures.

This can be used to compare data against multiple expected results and make
sure that at least one of them matches. This is a short-circuit test so if
a test passes then none of the tests after that will be attempted.

You can also use overloading with C<|> similarly to all().

=head3 Isa

  cmp_deeply( $got, Isa($class) );

=head3 isa

  cmp_deeply( $got, isa($class) );

C<$class> is a class name.

This uses C<UNIVERSAL::isa()> to check that C<$got_v> is blessed into the
class C<$class>.

B<NOTE:> C<Isa()> does exactly as documented here, but C<isa()> is slightly
different. If C<isa()> is called with 1 argument it falls through to
C<Isa()>. If C<isa()> called with 2 arguments, it falls through to
C<UNIVERSAL::isa>. This is to prevent breakage when you import C<isa()> into
a package that is used as a class. Without this, anyone calling
C<Class-E<gt>isa($other_class)> would get the wrong answer. This is a hack
to patch over the fact that C<isa> is exported by default.

=head3 obj_isa

  cmp_deeply( $got, obj_isa($class) );

This test accepts only objects that are instances of C<$class> or a subclass.
Unlike the C<Isa> test, this test will never accept class names.

=head3 array_each

  cmp_deeply( \@got, array_each($thing) );

C<$thing> is a structure to be compared against.

<$got_v> must be an array reference. Each element of it will be compared to
$thing. This is useful when you have an array of similar things, for example
objects of a known type and you don't want to have to repeat the same test
for each one.

  my $common_tests = all(
     isa("MyFile"),
     methods(
       handle => isa("IO::Handle")
       filename => re("^/home/ted/tmp"),
    )
  );

  cmp_deeply($got, array_each($common_tests));

is similar to

  foreach my $got_v (@$got) {
    cmp_deeply($got_v, $common_tests)
  }

Except it will not explode if C<$got> is not an array reference. It will
check that each of the objects in C<@$got> is a MyFile and that each one
gives the correct results for it's methods.

You could go further, if for example there were 3 files and you knew the
size of each one you could do this

  cmp_deeply(
    $got,
    all(
      array_each($common_tests),
      [
        methods(size => 1000),
        methods(size => 200),
        methods(size => 20)
      ]
    )
  )
  cmp_deeply($got, array_each($structure));

=head3 hash_each

  cmp_deeply( \%got, hash_each($thing) );

This test behaves like C<array_each> (see above) but tests that each hash
value passes its tests.

=head3 str

  cmp_deeply( $got, str($string) );

$string is a string.

This will stringify C<$got_v> and compare it to C<$string> using C<eq>, even
if C<$got_v> is a ref. It is useful for checking the stringified value of an
overloaded reference.

=head3 num

  cmp_deeply( $got, num($number, $tolerance) );

C<$number> is a number.

C<$tolerance> is an optional number.

This will add 0 to C<$got_v> and check if it's numerically equal to
C<$number>, even if C<$got_v> is a ref. It is useful for checking the
numerical value of an overloaded reference. If C<$tolerance> is supplied
then this will check that C<$got_v> and C<$exp_v> are less than
C<$tolerance> apart. This is useful when comparing floating point numbers as
rounding errors can make it hard or impossible for C<$got_v> to be exactly
equal to C<$exp_v>. When C<$tolerance> is supplied, the test passes if
C<abs($got_v - $exp_v) <= $tolerance>.

B<Note> in Perl, C<"12blah" == 12> because Perl will be smart and convert
"12blah" into 12. You may not want this. There was a strict mode but that is
now gone. A "looks like a number" test will replace it soon. Until then you
can usually just use the string() comparison to be more strict. This will
work fine for almost all situations, however it will not work when <$got_v>
is an overloaded value who's string and numerical values differ.

=head3 bool

  cmp_deeply( $got, bool($value) );

C<$value> is anything you like but it's probably best to use 0 or 1

This will check that C<$got_v> and C<$value> have the same truth value, that
is they will give the same result when used in boolean context, like in an
C<if()> statement.

=head3 code

  cmp_deeply( $got, code(\&subref) );

C<\&subref> is a reference to a subroutine which will be passed a single
argument, it then should return a true or false and possibly a string

This will pass C<$got_v> to the subroutine which returns true or false to
indicate a pass or fail. Fails can be accompanied by a diagnostic string
which gives an explanation of why it's a fail.

  sub check_name
  {
    my $name = shift;
    if ($boss->likes($name))
    {
      return 1;
    }
    else
    {
      return (0, "the boss doesn't like your name");
    }
  }

  cmp_deeply("Brian", code(\&check_name));

=head2 SET COMPARISONS

Set comparisons give special semantics to array comparisons:

=over 4

=item * The order of items in a set is irrelevant

=item * The presence of duplicate items in a set is ignored.

=back

As such, in any set comparison, the following arrays are equal:

  [ 1, 2 ]
  [ 1, 1, 2 ]
  [ 1, 2, 1 ]
  [ 2, 1, 1 ]
  [ 1, 1, 2 ]

All are interpreted by C<set> semantics as if the set was only specified as:

  [ 1, 2 ]

All C<set> functions return an object which can have additional items added to
it:

  my $set = set( 1, 2 );
  $set->add(1, 3, 1 );  # Set is now ( 1, 2, 3 )

Special care must be taken when using special comparisons within sets. See
L</SPECIAL CARE WITH SPECIAL COMPARISONS IN SETS AND BAGS> for details.

=head3 set

  cmp_deeply( \@got, set(@elements) );

This does a set comparison, that is, it compares two arrays but ignores the
order of the elements and it ignores duplicate elements, but ensures that all
items in in C<@elements> will be in C<$got> and all items in C<$got> will be
in C<@elements>.

So the following tests will be passes, and will be equivalent:

  cmp_deeply([1, 2, 2, 3], set(3, 2, 1, 1));
  cmp_deeply([1, 2, 3],    set(3, 2, 1));

=head3 supersetof

  cmp_deeply( \@got, supersetof(@elements) );

This function works much like L<< C<set>|/set >>, and performs a set comparison
of C<$got_v> with the elements of C<@elements>.

C<supersetof> is however slightly relaxed, such that C<$got> may contain things
not in C<@elements>, but must at least contain all C<@elements>.

These two statements are equivalent, and will be passes:

  cmp_deeply([1,2,3,3,4,5], supersetof(2,2,3));
  cmp_deeply([1,2,3,4,5],   supersetof(2,3));

But these will be failures:

  cmp_deeply([1,2,3,4,5],   supersetof(2,3,6)); # 6 not in superset
  cmp_deeply([1],           supersetof(1,2));   # 2 not in superset

=head3 subsetof

  cmp_deeply( \@got, subsetof(@elements) );

This function works much like L<< C<set>|/set >>, and performs a set comparison
of C<$got_v> with the elements of C<@elements>.

This is the inverse of C<supersetof>, which expects all unique elements found
in C<$got_v> must be in C<@elements>.

  cmp_deeply([1,2,4,5], subsetof(2,3,3)    ) # Fail: 1,4 & 5 extra
  cmp_deeply([2,3,3],   subsetof(1,2,4,5)  ) # Fail: 3 extra
  cmp_deeply([2,3,3],   subsetof(1,2,4,5,3)) # Pass

=head3 noneof

  cmp_deeply( \@got, noneof(@elements) );

@elements is an array of elements, wherein no elements in C<@elements> may be
found in C<$got_v>.

For example:

  # Got has no 1, no 2, and no 3
  cmp_deeply( [1], noneof( 1, 2, 3 ) ); # fail
  cmp_deeply( [5], noneof( 1, 2, 3 ) ); # pass

=head2 BAG COMPARISONS

Bag comparisons give special semantics to array comparisons, that are similar
to L<< set comparisons|/SET COMPARISONS >>, but slightly different.

=over 4

=item * The order of items in a bag is irrelevant

=item * The presence of duplicate items in a bag is B<PRESERVED>

=back

As such, in any bag comparison, the following arrays are equal:

  [ 1, 1, 2 ]
  [ 1, 2, 1 ]
  [ 2, 1, 1 ]
  [ 1, 1, 2 ]

However, they are B<NOT> equal to any of the following:

  [ 1, 2 ]
  [ 1, 2, 2 ]
  [ 1, 1, 1, 2 ]

All C<bag> functions return an object which can have additional items added to
it:

  my $bag = bag( 1, 2 );
  $bag->add(1, 3, 1 );  # Bag is now ( 1, 1, 1, 2, 3 )

Special care must be taken when using special comparisons within bags. See
L</SPECIAL CARE WITH SPECIAL COMPARISONS IN SETS AND BAGS> for details.

=head3 bag

  cmp_deeply( \@got, bag(@elements) );

This does an order-insensitive bag comparison between C<$got> and
C<@elements>, ensuring that:

=over 4

=item each item in C<@elements> is found in C<$got>

=item the number of times a C<$expected_v> is found in C<@elements> is
reflected in C<$got>

=item no items are found in C<$got> other than those in C<@elements>.

=back

As such, the following are passes, and are equivalent to each other:

  cmp_deeply([1, 2, 2], bag(2, 2, 1))
  cmp_deeply([2, 1, 2], bag(2, 2, 1))
  cmp_deeply([2, 2, 1], bag(2, 2, 1))

But the following are failures:

  cmp_deeply([1, 2, 2],     bag(2, 2, 1, 1)) # Not enough 1's in Got
  cmp_deeply([1, 2, 2, 1],  bag(2, 2, 1)   ) # Too many   1's in Got

=head3 superbagof

  cmp_deeply( \@got, superbagof( @elements ) );

This function works much like L<< C<bag>|/bag >>, and performs a bag comparison
of C<$got_v> with the elements of C<@elements>.

C<superbagof> is however slightly relaxed, such that C<$got> may contain things
not in C<@elements>, but must at least contain all C<@elements>.

So:

  # pass
  cmp_deeply( [1, 1, 2], superbagof( 1 )      );

  # fail: not enough 1's in superbag
  cmp_deeply( [1, 1, 2], superbagof( 1, 1, 1 ));

=head3 subbagof

  cmp_deeply( \@got, subbagof(@elements) );

This function works much like L<< C<bag>|/bag >>, and performs a bag comparison
of C<$got_v> with the elements of C<@elements>.

This is the inverse of C<superbagof>, and expects all elements in C<$got> to
be in C<@elements>, while allowing items to exist in C<@elements> that are not
in C<$got>

  # pass
  cmp_deeply( [1],        subbagof( 1, 1, 2 ) );

  # fail: too many 1's in subbag
  cmp_deeply( [1, 1, 1],  subbagof( 1, 1, 2 ) );

=head2 HASH COMPARISONS

Typically, if you're doing simple hash comparisons,

  cmp_deeply( \%got, \%expected )

is sufficient. C<cmp_deeply> will ensure C<%got> and C<%hash> have identical
keys, and each key from either has the same corresponding value.

=head3 superhashof

  cmp_deeply( \%got, superhashof(\%hash) );

This will check that the hash C<%$got> is a "super-hash" of C<%hash>. That
is that all the key and value pairs in C<%hash> appear in C<%$got> but
C<%$got> can have extra ones also.

For example

  cmp_deeply({a => 1, b => 2}, superhashof({a => 1}))

will pass but

  cmp_deeply({a => 1, b => 2}, superhashof({a => 1, c => 3}))

will fail.

=head3 subhashof

  cmp_deeply( \%got, subhashof(\%hash) );

This will check that the hash C<%$got> is a "sub-hash" of C<%hash>. That is
that all the key and value pairs in C<%$got> also appear in C<%hash>.

For example

  cmp_deeply({a => 1}, subhashof({a => 1, b => 2}))

will pass but

  cmp_deeply({a => 1, c => 3}, subhashof({a => 1, b => 2}))

will fail.

=head1 DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTIONS

=head3 deep_diag

  my $reason = deep_diag($stack);

C<$stack> is a value returned by cmp_details.  Do not call this function
if cmp_details returned a true value for C<$ok>.

C<deep_diag()> returns a human readable string describing how the
comparison failed.

=head1 ANOTHER EXAMPLE

You've written a module to handle people and their film interests. Say you
have a function that returns an array of people from a query, each person is
a hash with 2 keys: Name and Age and the array is sorted by Name. You can do

  cmp_deeply(
    $result,
    [
      {Name => 'Anne', Age => 26},
      {Name => "Bill", Age => 47}
      {Name => 'John', Age => 25},
    ]
  );

Soon after, your query function changes and all the results now have an ID
field. Now your test is failing again because you left out ID from each of
the hashes. The problem is that the IDs are generated by the database and
you have no way of knowing what each person's ID is. With Test::Deep you can
change your query to

  cmp_deeply(
    $result,
    [
      {Name => 'John', Age => 25, ID => ignore()},
      {Name => 'Anne', Age => 26, ID => ignore()},
      {Name => "Bill", Age => 47, ID => ignore()}
    ]
  );

But your test still fails. Now, because you're using a database, you no
longer know what order the people will appear in. You could add a sort into
the database query but that could slow down your application. Instead you
can get Test::Deep to ignore the order of the array by doing a bag
comparison instead.

  cmp_deeply(
    $result,
    bag(
      {Name => 'John', Age => 25, ID => ignore()},
      {Name => 'Anne', Age => 26, ID => ignore()},
      {Name => "Bill", Age => 47, ID => ignore()}
    )
  );

Finally person gets even more complicated and includes a new field called
Movies, this is a list of movies that the person has seen recently, again
these movies could also come back in any order so we need a bag inside our
other bag comparison, giving us something like

  cmp_deeply(
  $result,
    bag(
      {Name => 'John', Age => 25, ID => ignore(), Movies => bag(...)},
      {Name => 'Anne', Age => 26, ID => ignore(), Movies => bag(...)},
      {Name => "Bill", Age => 47, ID => ignore(), Movies => bag(...)}
    )
  );

=head1 USING TEST::DEEP WITH TEST::BUILDER

Combining C<cmp_details> and C<test_diag> makes it possible to use
Test::Deep in your own test classes.

In a L<Test::Builder> subclass, create a test method in the following
form:

  sub behaves_ok {
    my $self = shift;
    my $expected = shift;
    my $test_name = shift;

    my $got = do_the_important_work_here();

    my ($ok, $stack) = cmp_details($got, $expected);
    unless ($Test->ok($ok, $test_name)) {
      my $diag = deep_diag($stack);
      $Test->diag($diag);
    }
  }

As the subclass defines a test class, not tests themselves, make sure it
uses L<Test::Deep::NoTest>, not C<Test::Deep> itself.

=head1 LIMITATIONS

Currently any CODE, GLOB or IO refs will be compared using shallow(), which
means only their memory addresses are compared.

=head1 BUGS

There is a bug in set and bag compare to do with competing SCs. It only
occurs when you put certain special comparisons inside bag or set
comparisons you don't need to worry about it. The full details are in the
C<bag()> docs. It will be fixed in an upcoming version.

=head1 CAVEATS

=head2 SPECIAL CARE WITH SPECIAL COMPARISONS IN SETS AND BAGS

If you use certain special comparisons within a bag or set comparison there is
a danger that a test will fail when it should have passed. It can only happen
if two or more special comparisons in the bag are competing to match elements.
Consider this comparison

  cmp_deeply(['furry', 'furball'], bag(re("^fur"), re("furb")))

There are two things that could happen, hopefully C<re("^fur")> is paired with
"furry" and C<re("^furb")> is paired with "furb" and everything is fine but it
could happen that C<re("^fur")> is paired with "furball" and then C<re("^furb")>
cannot find a match and so the test fails. Examples of other competing
comparisons are C<bag(1, 2, 2)> vs C<set(1, 2)> and
C<< methods(m1 => "v1", m2 => "v2") >> vs C<< methods(m1 => "v1") >>

This problem is could be solved by using a slower and more complicated
algorithm for set and bag matching. Something for the future...

=head1 WHAT ARE SPECIAL COMPARISONS?

A special comparison (SC) is simply an object that inherits from
Test::Deep::Cmp. Whenever C<$expected_v> is an SC then instead of checking
C<$got_v eq $expected_v>, we pass control over to the SC and let it do it's
thing.

Test::Deep exports lots of SC constructors, to make it easy for you to use
them in your test scripts. For example is C<re("hello")> is just a handy way
of creating a Test::Deep::Regexp object that will match any string containing
"hello". So

  cmp_deeply([ 'a', 'b', 'hello world'], ['a', 'b', re("^hello")]);

will check C<'a' eq 'a'>, C<'b' eq 'b'> but when it comes to comparing
C<'hello world'> and C<re("^hello")> it will see that
$expected_v is an SC and so will pass control to the Test::Deep::Regexp class
by do something like C<< $expected_v->descend($got_v) >>. The C<descend()>
method should just return true or false.

This gives you enough to write your own SCs but I haven't documented how
diagnostics works because it's about to get an overhaul.

=head1 EXPORTS

By default, Test::Deep will export everything in its C<v0> tag, as if you had
written:

  use Test::Deep ':v0';

Those things are:

  all any array array_each arrayelementsonly arraylength arraylengthonly bag
  blessed bool cmp_bag cmp_deeply cmp_methods cmp_set code eq_deeply hash
  hash_each hashkeys hashkeysonly ignore Isa isa listmethods methods noclass
  none noneof num obj_isa re reftype regexpmatches regexponly regexpref
  regexprefonly scalarrefonly scalref set shallow str subbagof subhashof
  subsetof superbagof superhashof supersetof useclass

A slightly better set of exports is the C<v1> set.  It's all the same things,
with the exception of C<Isa> and C<blessed>.  If you want to import
"everything", you probably want to C<< use Test::Deep ':V1'; >>.

There's another magic export group:  C<:preload>.  If that is specified, all of
the Test::Deep plugins will be loaded immediately instead of lazily.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Test::More>

=head1 MAINTAINER

  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>

=head1 AUTHOR

Fergal Daly E<lt>fergal@esatclear.ieE<gt>, with thanks to Michael G Schwern
for Test::More's is_deeply function which inspired this.

B<Please> do not bother Fergal Daly with bug reports.  Send them to the
maintainer (above) or submit them at L<the issue
tracker|https://github.com/rjbs/Test-Deep/issues>.

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2003, 2004 by Fergal Daly E<lt>fergal@esatclear.ieE<gt>.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

See F<http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>

=cut