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<a name="strtod"></a>
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<hr>
<a name="strtod_002c-strtof_002d_002d_002dstring-to-double-or-float"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.37 <code>strtod</code>, <code>strtof</code>&mdash;string to double or float</h3>
<a name="index-strtod"></a>
<a name="index-_005fstrtod_005fr"></a>
<a name="index-strtof"></a>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
double strtod(const char *restrict <var>str</var>, char **restrict <var>tail</var>);
float strtof(const char *restrict <var>str</var>, char **restrict <var>tail</var>);

double _strtod_r(void *<var>reent</var>,
    const char *restrict <var>str</var>, char **restrict <var>tail</var>);

</pre></div>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
The function <code>strtod</code> parses the character string <var>str</var>,
producing a substring which can be converted to a double
value.  The substring converted is the longest initial
subsequence of <var>str</var>, beginning with the first
non-whitespace character, that has one of these formats:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">[+|-]<var>digits</var>[.[<var>digits</var>]][(e|E)[+|-]<var>digits</var>]
[+|-].<var>digits</var>[(e|E)[+|-]<var>digits</var>]
[+|-](i|I)(n|N)(f|F)[(i|I)(n|N)(i|I)(t|T)(y|Y)]
[+|-](n|N)(a|A)(n|N)[&lt;(&gt;[<var>hexdigits</var>]&lt;)&gt;]
[+|-]0(x|X)<var>hexdigits</var>[.[<var>hexdigits</var>]][(p|P)[+|-]<var>digits</var>]
[+|-]0(x|X).<var>hexdigits</var>[(p|P)[+|-]<var>digits</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>The substring contains no characters if <var>str</var> is empty, consists
entirely of whitespace, or if the first non-whitespace
character is something other than <code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, <code>.</code>, or a
digit, and cannot be parsed as infinity or NaN. If the platform
does not support NaN, then NaN is treated as an empty substring.
If the substring is empty, no conversion is done, and
the value of <var>str</var> is stored in <code>*<var>tail</var></code>.  Otherwise,
the substring is converted, and a pointer to the final string
(which will contain at least the terminating null character of
<var>str</var>) is stored in <code>*<var>tail</var></code>.  If you want no
assignment to <code>*<var>tail</var></code>, pass a null pointer as <var>tail</var>.
<code>strtof</code> is identical to <code>strtod</code> except for its return type.
</p>
<p>This implementation returns the nearest machine number to the
input decimal string.  Ties are broken by using the IEEE
round-even rule.  However, <code>strtof</code> is currently subject to
double rounding errors.
</p>
<p>The alternate function <code>_strtod_r</code> is a reentrant version.
The extra argument <var>reent</var> is a pointer to a reentrancy structure.
</p>
<br>
<p><strong>Returns</strong><br>
<code>strtod</code> returns the converted substring value, if any.  If
no conversion could be performed, 0 is returned.  If the
correct value is out of the range of representable values,
plus or minus <code>HUGE_VAL</code> is returned, and <code>ERANGE</code> is
stored in errno. If the correct value would cause underflow, 0
is returned and <code>ERANGE</code> is stored in errno.
</p>
<p>Supporting OS subroutines required: <code>close</code>, <code>fstat</code>, <code>isatty</code>,
<code>lseek</code>, <code>read</code>, <code>sbrk</code>, <code>write</code>.
</p>
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