julia-common 0.4.7-6 / usr / share / julia / base / sparse / cholmod.jl

# This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: http://julialang.org/license

module CHOLMOD

import Base: (*), convert, copy, eltype, get, getindex, show, showarray, size,
             linearindexing, LinearFast, LinearSlow, ctranspose

import Base.LinAlg: (\), A_mul_Bc, A_mul_Bt, Ac_ldiv_B, Ac_mul_B, At_ldiv_B, At_mul_B,
                 cholfact, det, diag, ishermitian, isposdef,
                 issym, ldltfact, logdet

import Base.SparseMatrix: sparse, nnz

export
    Dense,
    Factor,
    Sparse

using Base.SparseMatrix: AbstractSparseMatrix, SparseMatrixCSC, increment, indtype

#########
# Setup #
#########

include("cholmod_h.jl")

const CHOLMOD_MIN_VERSION = v"2.1.1"

### These offsets are defined in SuiteSparse_wrapper.c
const common_size = ccall((:jl_cholmod_common_size,:libsuitesparse_wrapper),Int,())

const cholmod_com_offsets = Array(Csize_t, 19)
ccall((:jl_cholmod_common_offsets, :libsuitesparse_wrapper),
    Void, (Ptr{Csize_t},), cholmod_com_offsets)

## macro to generate the name of the C function according to the integer type
macro cholmod_name(nm,typ) string("cholmod_", eval(typ) == SuiteSparse_long ? "l_" : "", nm) end

function start(a::Vector{UInt8})
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("start", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod),
        Cint, (Ptr{UInt8},), a)
    return a
end

function finish(a::Vector{UInt8})
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("finish", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod),
        Cint, (Ptr{UInt8},), a)
    return a
end

function defaults(a::Vector{UInt8})
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("defaults", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod),
        Cint, (Ptr{UInt8},), a)
    return a
end

common() = commonStruct

const build_version_array = Array(Cint, 3)
ccall((:jl_cholmod_version, :libsuitesparse_wrapper), Cint, (Ptr{Cint},), build_version_array)
const build_version = VersionNumber(build_version_array...)

function __init__()
    try
        ### Check if the linked library is compatible with the Julia code
        if Libdl.dlsym_e(Libdl.dlopen("libcholmod"), :cholmod_version) != C_NULL
            current_version_array = Array(Cint, 3)
            ccall((:cholmod_version, :libcholmod), Cint, (Ptr{Cint},), current_version_array)
            current_version = VersionNumber(current_version_array...)
        else # CHOLMOD < 2.1.1 does not include cholmod_version()
            current_version = v"0.0.0"
        end


        if current_version < CHOLMOD_MIN_VERSION
            warn("""

                CHOLMOD version incompatibility

                Julia was compiled with CHOLMOD version $build_version. It is
                currently linked with a version older than
                $(CHOLMOD_MIN_VERSION). This might cause Julia to
                terminate when working with sparse matrix factorizations,
                e.g. solving systems of equations with \\.

                It is recommended that you use Julia with a recent version
                of CHOLMOD, or download the generic binaries
                from www.julialang.org, which ship with the correct
                versions of all dependencies.
            """)
        elseif build_version_array[1] != current_version_array[1]
            warn("""

                CHOLMOD version incompatibility

                Julia was compiled with CHOLMOD version $build_version. It is
                currently linked with version $current_version.
                This might cause Julia to terminate when working with
                sparse matrix factorizations, e.g. solving systems of
                equations with \\.

                It is recommended that you use Julia with the same major
                version of CHOLMOD as the one used during the build, or
                download the generic binaries from www.julialang.org,
                which ship with the correct versions of all dependencies.
            """)
        end

        intsize = Int(ccall((:jl_cholmod_sizeof_long,:libsuitesparse_wrapper),Csize_t,()))
        if intsize != 4length(IndexTypes)
            warn("""

                 CHOLMOD integer size incompatibility

                 Julia was compiled with a version of CHOLMOD that
                 supported $(32length(IndexTypes)) bit integers. It is
                 currently linked with version that supports $(8intsize)
                 integers. This might cause Julia to terminate when
                 working with sparse matrix factorizations, e.g. solving
                 systems of equations with \\.

                 This problem can be fixed by modifying the Julia build
                 configuration or by downloading the OS X or generic
                 Linux binary from www.julialang.org, which include
                 the correct versions of all dependencies.
             """)
        end

        ### Initiate CHOLMOD
        ### The common struct. Controls the type of factorization and keeps pointers
        ### to temporary memory.
        global const commonStruct = fill(0xff, common_size)

        global const common_supernodal =
            convert(Ptr{Cint}, pointer(commonStruct, cholmod_com_offsets[4] + 1))
        global const common_final_ll =
            convert(Ptr{Cint}, pointer(commonStruct, cholmod_com_offsets[7] + 1))
        global const common_print =
            convert(Ptr{Cint}, pointer(commonStruct, cholmod_com_offsets[13] + 1))
        global const common_itype =
            convert(Ptr{Cint}, pointer(commonStruct, cholmod_com_offsets[18] + 1))
        global const common_dtype =
            convert(Ptr{Cint}, pointer(commonStruct, cholmod_com_offsets[19] + 1))
        global const common_nmethods =
            convert(Ptr{Cint}, pointer(commonStruct, cholmod_com_offsets[15] + 1))
        global const common_postorder =
            convert(Ptr{Cint}, pointer(commonStruct, cholmod_com_offsets[17] + 1))

        start(commonStruct)              # initializes CHOLMOD
        set_print_level(commonStruct, 0) # no printing from CHOLMOD by default

        # Register gc tracked allocator if CHOLMOD is new enough
        if current_version >= v"3.0.0"
            cnfg = cglobal((:SuiteSparse_config, :libsuitesparseconfig), Ptr{Void})
            unsafe_store!(cnfg, cglobal(:jl_malloc, Ptr{Void}), 1)
            unsafe_store!(cnfg, cglobal(:jl_calloc, Ptr{Void}), 2)
            unsafe_store!(cnfg, cglobal(:jl_realloc, Ptr{Void}), 3)
            unsafe_store!(cnfg, cglobal(:jl_free, Ptr{Void}), 4)
        end

    catch ex
        Base.showerror_nostdio(ex,
            "WARNING: Error during initialization of module CHOLMOD")
    end
end

function set_print_level(cm::Array{UInt8}, lev::Integer)
    global common_print
    unsafe_store!(common_print, lev)
end

####################
# Type definitions #
####################

abstract SuiteSparseStruct

# The three core data types for CHOLMOD: Dense, Sparse and Factor.
# CHOLMOD manages the memory, so the Julia versions only wrap a
# pointer to a struct.  Therefore finalizers should be registered each
# time a pointer is returned from CHOLMOD.

# Dense
immutable C_Dense{T<:VTypes} <: SuiteSparseStruct
    nrow::Csize_t
    ncol::Csize_t
    nzmax::Csize_t
    d::Csize_t
    x::Ptr{T}
    z::Ptr{Void}
    xtype::Cint
    dtype::Cint
end

type Dense{T<:VTypes} <: DenseMatrix{T}
    p::Ptr{C_Dense{T}}
end

# Sparse
immutable C_Sparse{Tv<:VTypes} <: SuiteSparseStruct
    nrow::Csize_t
    ncol::Csize_t
    nzmax::Csize_t
    p::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
    i::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
    nz::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
    x::Ptr{Tv}
    z::Ptr{Void}
    stype::Cint
    itype::Cint
    xtype::Cint
    dtype::Cint
    sorted::Cint
    packed::Cint
end

# Corresponds to the exact definition of cholmod_sparse_struct in the library.
# Useful when reading matrices of unknown type from files as in
# cholmod_read_sparse
immutable C_SparseVoid <: SuiteSparseStruct
    nrow::Csize_t
    ncol::Csize_t
    nzmax::Csize_t
    p::Ptr{Void}
    i::Ptr{Void}
    nz::Ptr{Void}
    x::Ptr{Void}
    z::Ptr{Void}
    stype::Cint
    itype::Cint
    xtype::Cint
    dtype::Cint
    sorted::Cint
    packed::Cint
end

type Sparse{Tv<:VTypes} <: AbstractSparseMatrix{Tv,SuiteSparse_long}
    p::Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}
    function Sparse(p::Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}})
        if p == C_NULL
            throw(ArgumentError("sparse matrix construction failed for unknown reasons. Please submit a bug report."))
        end
        new(p)
    end
end
Sparse{Tv<:VTypes}(p::Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}) = Sparse{Tv}(p)

# Factor

if build_version >= v"2.1.0" # CHOLMOD version 2.1.0 or later
    immutable C_Factor{Tv<:VTypes} <: SuiteSparseStruct
        n::Csize_t
        minor::Csize_t
        Perm::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        ColCount::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        IPerm::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}        # this pointer was added in verison 2.1.0
        nzmax::Csize_t
        p::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        i::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        x::Ptr{Tv}
        z::Ptr{Void}
        nz::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        next::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        prev::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        nsuper::Csize_t
        ssize::Csize_t
        xsize::Csize_t
        maxcsize::Csize_t
        maxesize::Csize_t
        super::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        pi::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        px::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        s::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        ordering::Cint
        is_ll::Cint
        is_super::Cint
        is_monotonic::Cint
        itype::Cint
        xtype::Cint
        dtype::Cint
    end
else
    immutable C_Factor{Tv<:VTypes} <: SuiteSparseStruct
        n::Csize_t
        minor::Csize_t
        Perm::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        ColCount::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        nzmax::Csize_t
        p::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        i::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        x::Ptr{Tv}
        z::Ptr{Void}
        nz::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        next::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        prev::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        nsuper::Csize_t
        ssize::Csize_t
        xsize::Csize_t
        maxcsize::Csize_t
        maxesize::Csize_t
        super::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        pi::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        px::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        s::Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}
        ordering::Cint
        is_ll::Cint
        is_super::Cint
        is_monotonic::Cint
        itype::Cint
        xtype::Cint
        dtype::Cint
    end
end

type Factor{Tv} <: Factorization{Tv}
    p::Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}
    function Factor(p::Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}})
        if p == C_NULL
            throw(ArgumentError("factorization construction failed for unknown reasons. Please submit a bug report."))
        end
        new(p)
    end
end
Factor{Tv<:VTypes}(p::Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}) = Factor{Tv}(p)

# Define get similar to get(Nullable) to check pointers. All pointer loads should be wrapped in get to make sure
# that SuiteSparse is not called with a C_NULL pointer which could cause a segfault. Pointers are set to null
# when serialized so this can happen when mutiple processes are in use.
function get{T<:SuiteSparseStruct}(p::Ptr{T})
    if p == C_NULL
        throw(ArgumentError("pointer to the $T object is null. This can happen if the object has been serialized."))
    else
        return p
    end
end

# FactorComponent, for encoding particular factors from a factorization
type FactorComponent{Tv,S} <: AbstractMatrix{Tv}
    F::Factor{Tv}

    function FactorComponent(F::Factor{Tv})
        s = unsafe_load(get(F.p))
        if s.is_ll != 0
            S == :L || S == :U || S == :PtL || S == :UP || throw(CHOLMODException(string(S, " not supported for sparse LLt matrices; try :L, :U, :PtL, or :UP")))
        else
            S == :L || S == :U || S == :PtL || S == :UP ||
            S == :D || S == :LD || S == :DU || S == :PtLD || S == :DUP ||
            throw(CHOLMODException(string(S, " not supported for sparse LDLt matrices; try :L, :U, :PtL, :UP, :D, :LD, :DU, :PtLD, or :DUP")))
        end
        new(F)
    end
end
function FactorComponent{Tv}(F::Factor{Tv}, sym::Symbol)
    FactorComponent{Tv,sym}(F)
end

Factor(FC::FactorComponent) = Factor(FC.F)

#################
# Thin wrappers #
#################

# Dense wrappers
## Note! Integer type defaults to Cint, but this is actually not necessary, but
## making this a choice would require another type parameter in the Dense type

### cholmod_core_h ###
function allocate_dense(nrow::Integer, ncol::Integer, d::Integer, ::Type{Float64})
    d = Dense(ccall((:cholmod_l_allocate_dense, :libcholmod), Ptr{C_Dense{Float64}},
        (Csize_t, Csize_t, Csize_t, Cint, Ptr{Void}),
        nrow, ncol, d, REAL, common()))
    finalizer(d, free!)
    d
end
function allocate_dense(nrow::Integer, ncol::Integer, d::Integer, ::Type{Complex{Float64}})
    d = Dense(ccall((:cholmod_l_allocate_dense, :libcholmod), Ptr{C_Dense{Complex{Float64}}},
        (Csize_t, Csize_t, Csize_t, Cint, Ptr{Void}),
        nrow, ncol, d, COMPLEX, common()))
    finalizer(d, free!)
    d
end

free_dense!{T}(p::Ptr{C_Dense{T}}) = ccall((:cholmod_l_free_dense, :libcholmod), Cint, (Ref{Ptr{C_Dense{T}}}, Ptr{Void}), p, common())

function zeros{T<:VTypes}(m::Integer, n::Integer, ::Type{T})
    d = Dense(ccall((:cholmod_l_zeros, :libcholmod), Ptr{C_Dense{T}},
        (Csize_t, Csize_t, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
         m, n, xtyp(T), common()))
    finalizer(d, free!)
    d
end
zeros(m::Integer, n::Integer) = zeros(m, n, Float64)

function ones{T<:VTypes}(m::Integer, n::Integer, ::Type{T})
    d = Dense(ccall((:cholmod_l_ones, :libcholmod), Ptr{C_Dense{T}},
        (Csize_t, Csize_t, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
         m, n, xtyp(T), common()))
    finalizer(d, free!)
    d
end
ones(m::Integer, n::Integer) = ones(m, n, Float64)

function eye{T<:VTypes}(m::Integer, n::Integer, ::Type{T})
    d = Dense(ccall((:cholmod_l_eye, :libcholmod), Ptr{C_Dense{T}},
        (Csize_t, Csize_t, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
         m, n, xtyp(T), common()))
    finalizer(d, free!)
    d
end
eye(m::Integer, n::Integer) = eye(m, n, Float64)
eye(n::Integer) = eye(n, n, Float64)

function copy_dense{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Dense{Tv})
    d = Dense(ccall((:cholmod_l_copy_dense, :libcholmod), Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}},
        (Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
         get(A.p), common()))
    finalizer(d, free!)
    d
end

### cholmod_matrixops.h ###
function norm_dense{Tv<:VTypes}(D::Dense{Tv}, p::Integer)
    s = unsafe_load(get(D.p))
    if p == 2
        if s.ncol > 1
            throw(ArgumentError("2 norm only supported when matrix has one column"))
        end
    elseif p != 0 && p != 1
        throw(ArgumentError("second argument must be either 0 (Inf norm), 1, or 2"))
    end
    ccall((:cholmod_l_norm_dense, :libcholmod), Cdouble,
        (Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}}, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
          get(D.p), p, common())
end

### cholmod_check.h ###
function check_dense{T<:VTypes}(A::Dense{T})
    ccall((:cholmod_l_check_dense, :libcholmod), Cint,
          (Ptr{C_Dense{T}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
          A.p, common())!=0
end

# Non-Dense wrappers
### cholmod_core.h ###
function allocate_sparse(nrow::Integer, ncol::Integer, nzmax::Integer, sorted::Bool, packed::Bool, stype::Integer, ::Type{Float64})
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("allocate_sparse", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod), Ptr{C_Sparse{Float64}},
            (Csize_t, Csize_t, Csize_t, Cint,
                Cint, Cint, Cint, Ptr{Void}),
            nrow, ncol, nzmax, sorted,
                packed, stype, REAL, common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end
function allocate_sparse(nrow::Integer, ncol::Integer, nzmax::Integer, sorted::Bool, packed::Bool, stype::Integer, ::Type{Complex{Float64}})
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("allocate_sparse", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod),
            Ptr{C_Sparse{Complex{Float64}}},
                (Csize_t, Csize_t, Csize_t, Cint,
                 Cint, Cint, Cint, Ptr{Void}),
                nrow, ncol, nzmax, sorted,
                packed, stype, COMPLEX, common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end
function free_sparse!{Tv<:VTypes}(ptr::Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}})
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("free_sparse", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod), Cint,
            (Ptr{Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                &ptr, common())
end

function free_sparse!(ptr::Ptr{C_SparseVoid})
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("free_sparse", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod), Cint,
            (Ptr{Ptr{C_SparseVoid}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                &ptr, common())
end

function free_factor!{Tv<:VTypes}(ptr::Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}})
    # Warning! Important that finalizer doesn't modify the global Common struct.
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("free_factor", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod), Cint,
            (Ptr{Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}}, Ptr{Void}),
                &ptr, common())
end

function aat{Tv<:VRealTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, fset::Vector{SuiteSparse_long}, mode::Integer)
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("aat", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}, Csize_t, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), fset, length(fset), mode, common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function sparse_to_dense{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv})
    d = Dense(ccall((@cholmod_name("sparse_to_dense", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), common()))
    finalizer(d, free!)
    d
end
function dense_to_sparse{Tv<:VTypes}(D::Dense{Tv}, ::Type{SuiteSparse_long})
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("dense_to_sparse", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}}, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(D.p), true, common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function factor_to_sparse!{Tv<:VTypes}(F::Factor{Tv})
    ss = unsafe_load(F.p)
    ss.xtype > PATTERN || throw(CHOLMODException("only numeric factors are supported"))
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("factor_to_sparse", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(F.p), common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function change_factor!{Tv<:VTypes}(::Type{Float64}, to_ll::Bool, to_super::Bool, to_packed::Bool, to_monotonic::Bool, F::Factor{Tv})
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("change_factor", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
            (Cint, Cint, Cint, Cint, Cint, Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                REAL, to_ll, to_super, to_packed, to_monotonic, get(F.p), common())
    Factor{Float64}(F.p)
end

function change_factor!{Tv<:VTypes}(::Type{Complex{Float64}}, to_ll::Bool, to_super::Bool, to_packed::Bool, to_monotonic::Bool, F::Factor{Tv})
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("change_factor", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
            (Cint, Cint, Cint, Cint, Cint, Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                COMPLEX, to_ll, to_super, to_packed, to_monotonic, get(F.p), common())
    Factor{Complex{Float64}}(F.p)
end

function check_sparse{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv})
    ccall((@cholmod_name("check_sparse", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
          (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
          get(A.p), common())!=0
end

function check_factor{Tv<:VTypes}(F::Factor{Tv})
    ccall((@cholmod_name("check_factor", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
          (Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
          get(F.p), common())!=0
end

function nnz{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv})
    ccall((@cholmod_name("nnz", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Int,
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), common())
end

function speye{Tv<:VTypes}(m::Integer, n::Integer, ::Type{Tv})
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("speye", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Csize_t, Csize_t, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
                m, n, xtyp(Tv), common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function spzeros{Tv<:VTypes}(m::Integer, n::Integer, nzmax::Integer, ::Type{Tv})
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("spzeros", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Csize_t, Csize_t, Csize_t, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
             m, n, nzmax, xtyp(Tv), common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function transpose_{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, values::Integer)
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("transpose", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), values, common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function copy_factor{Tv<:VTypes}(F::Factor{Tv})
    f = Factor(ccall((@cholmod_name("copy_factor", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(F.p), common()))
    finalizer(f, free!)
    f
end
function copy_sparse{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv})
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("copy_sparse", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end
function copy{Tv<:VRealTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, stype::Integer, mode::Integer)
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("copy", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Cint, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), stype, mode, common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

### cholmod_check.h ###
function print_sparse{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, name::ASCIIString)
    cm = common()
    set_print_level(cm, 3)
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("print_sparse", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                 get(A.p), name, cm)
    nothing
end
function print_factor{Tv<:VTypes}(F::Factor{Tv}, name::ASCIIString)
    cm = common()
    set_print_level(cm, 3)
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("print_factor", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
            (Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(F.p), name, cm)
    nothing
end

### cholmod_matrixops.h ###
function ssmult{Tv<:VRealTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, B::Sparse{Tv}, stype::Integer, values::Bool, sorted::Bool)
    lA = unsafe_load(get(A.p))
    lB = unsafe_load(get(B.p))
    if lA.ncol != lB.nrow
        throw(DimensionMismatch("inner matrix dimensions do not fit"))
    end
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("ssmult", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Cint, Cint,
                Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
             get(A.p), get(B.p), stype, values,
                sorted, common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function norm_sparse{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, norm::Integer)
    if norm != 0 && norm != 1
        throw(ArgumentError("norm argument must be either 0 or 1"))
    end
    ccall((@cholmod_name("norm_sparse", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod), Cdouble,
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), norm, common())
end

function horzcat{Tv<:VRealTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, B::Sparse{Tv}, values::Bool)
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("horzcat", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
             get(A.p), get(B.p), values, common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function scale!{Tv<:VRealTypes}(S::Dense{Tv}, scale::Integer, A::Sparse{Tv})
    sS = unsafe_load(get(S.p))
    sA = unsafe_load(get(A.p))
    sS.ncol == 1 || sS.nrow == 1 || throw(DimensionMismatch("first argument must be a vector"))
    if scale == SCALAR && sS.nrow != 1
        throw(DimensionMismatch("scaling argument must have length one"))
    elseif scale == ROW && sS.nrow*sS.ncol != sA.nrow
        throw(DimensionMismatch("scaling vector has length $(sS.nrow*sS.ncol), but matrix has $(sA.nrow) rows."))
    elseif scale == COL && sS.nrow*sS.ncol != sA.ncol
        throw(DimensionMismatch("scaling vector has length $(sS.nrow*sS.ncol), but matrix has $(sA.ncol) columns"))
    elseif scale == SYM
        if sA.nrow != sA.ncol
            throw(DimensionMismatch("matrix must be square"))
        elseif sS.nrow*sS.ncol != sA.nrow
            throw(DimensionMismatch("scaling vector has length $(sS.nrow*sS.ncol), but matrix has $(sA.ncol) columns and rows"))
        end
    end

    sA = unsafe_load(get(A.p))
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("scale",SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
            (Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}}, Cint, Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(S.p), scale, get(A.p), common())
    A
end

function sdmult!{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, transpose::Bool, α::Number, β::Number, X::Dense{Tv}, Y::Dense{Tv})
    m, n = size(A)
    nc = transpose ? m : n
    nr = transpose ? n : m
    if nc != size(X, 1)
        throw(DimensionMismatch("incompatible dimensions, $nc and $(size(X,1))"))
    end
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("sdmult", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Cint,
             Ref{Complex128}, Ref{Complex128},
             Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}}, Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), transpose, α, β, get(X.p), get(Y.p), common())
    Y
end

function vertcat{Tv<:VRealTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, B::Sparse{Tv}, values::Bool)
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("vertcat", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod), Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Cint, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), get(B.p), values, common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function symmetry{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, option::Integer)
    xmatched = Array(SuiteSparse_long, 1)
    pmatched = Array(SuiteSparse_long, 1)
    nzoffdiag = Array(SuiteSparse_long, 1)
    nzdiag = Array(SuiteSparse_long, 1)
    rv = ccall((@cholmod_name("symmetry", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod), Cint,
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Cint, Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}, Ptr{SuiteSparse_long},
                Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}, Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                    get(A.p), option, xmatched, pmatched,
                        nzoffdiag, nzdiag, common())
    rv, xmatched[1], pmatched[1], nzoffdiag[1], nzdiag[1]
end

# cholmod_cholesky.h
# For analyze, analyze_p, and factorize_p!, the Common argument must be
# supplied in order to control if the factorization is LLt or LDLt
function analyze{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, cmmn::Vector{UInt8})
    f = Factor(ccall((@cholmod_name("analyze", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), cmmn))
    finalizer(f, free!)
    f
end
function analyze_p{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, perm::Vector{SuiteSparse_long},
    cmmn::Vector{UInt8})
    length(perm) != size(A,1) && throw(BoundsError())
    f = Factor(ccall((@cholmod_name("analyze_p", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}},
            (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}, Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}, Csize_t, Ptr{UInt8}),
                get(A.p), perm, C_NULL, 0, cmmn))
    finalizer(f, free!)
    f
end
function factorize!{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, F::Factor{Tv}, cmmn::Vector{UInt8})
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("factorize", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
        (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
            get(A.p), get(F.p), cmmn)
    F
end
function factorize_p!{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, β::Real, F::Factor{Tv}, cmmn::Vector{UInt8})
    # note that β is passed as a complex number (double beta[2]),
    # but the CHOLMOD manual says that only beta[0] (real part) is used
    @isok ccall((@cholmod_name("factorize_p", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Cint,
        (Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ref{Complex128}, Ptr{SuiteSparse_long}, Csize_t,
         Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
            get(A.p), β, C_NULL, 0, get(F.p), cmmn)
    F
end

function solve{Tv<:VTypes}(sys::Integer, F::Factor{Tv}, B::Dense{Tv})
    if size(F,1) != size(B,1)
        throw(DimensionMismatch("LHS and RHS should have the same number of rows. LHS has $(size(F,1)) rows, but RHS has $(size(B,1)) rows."))
    end
    d = Dense(ccall((@cholmod_name("solve", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod), Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}},
            (Cint, Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{C_Dense{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                sys, get(F.p), get(B.p), common()))
    finalizer(d, free!)
    d
end

function spsolve{Tv<:VTypes}(sys::Integer, F::Factor{Tv}, B::Sparse{Tv})
    if size(F,1) != size(B,1)
        throw(DimensionMismatch("LHS and RHS should have the same number of rows. LHS has $(size(F,1)) rows, but RHS has $(size(B,1)) rows."))
    end
    s = Sparse(ccall((@cholmod_name("spsolve", SuiteSparse_long),:libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}},
            (Cint, Ptr{C_Factor{Tv}}, Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                sys, get(F.p), get(B.p), common()))
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

# Autodetects the types
function read_sparse(file::Libc.FILE, ::Type{SuiteSparse_long})
    ptr = ccall((@cholmod_name("read_sparse", SuiteSparse_long), :libcholmod),
        Ptr{C_SparseVoid},
            (Ptr{Void}, Ptr{UInt8}),
                file.ptr, common())
    if ptr == C_NULL
        throw(ArgumentError("sparse matrix construction failed. Check that input file is valid."))
    end
    s = Sparse(ptr)
    finalizer(s, free!)
    s
end

function read_sparse(file::IO, T)
    cfile = Libc.FILE(file)
    try return read_sparse(cfile, T)
    finally close(cfile)
    end
end

function get_perm(F::Factor)
    s = unsafe_load(get(F.p))
    p = pointer_to_array(s.Perm, s.n, false)
    p+1
end
get_perm(FC::FactorComponent) = get_perm(Factor(FC))

#########################
# High level interfaces #
#########################

# Convertion/construction
function convert(::Type{Dense}, A::VecOrMat)
    T = promote_type(eltype(A), Float64)
    d = allocate_dense(size(A, 1), size(A, 2), stride(A, 2), T)
    s = unsafe_load(d.p)
    for i in eachindex(A)
        unsafe_store!(s.x, A[i], i)
    end
    d
end
convert(::Type{Dense}, A::Sparse) = sparse_to_dense(A)

# This constructior assumes zero based colptr and rowval
function convert{Tv<:VTypes}(::Type{Sparse}, m::Integer, n::Integer, colptr::Vector{SuiteSparse_long}, rowval::Vector{SuiteSparse_long}, nzval::Vector{Tv}, stype)

    # check if columns are sorted
    iss = true
    for i = 2:length(colptr)
        if !issorted(sub(rowval, colptr[i - 1] + 1:colptr[i]))
            iss = false
            break
        end
    end

    o = allocate_sparse(m, n, length(nzval), iss, true, stype, Tv)
    s = unsafe_load(o.p)

    unsafe_copy!(s.p, pointer(colptr), length(colptr))
    unsafe_copy!(s.i, pointer(rowval), length(rowval))
    unsafe_copy!(s.x, pointer(nzval), length(nzval))

    @isok check_sparse(o)

    return o

end
function convert{Tv<:VTypes}(::Type{Sparse}, m::Integer, n::Integer, colptr::Vector{SuiteSparse_long}, rowval::Vector{SuiteSparse_long}, nzval::Vector{Tv})
    o = Sparse(m, n, colptr, rowval, nzval, 0)

    # check if array is symmetric and change stype if it is
    if ishermitian(o)
        change_stype!(o, -1)
    end
    o
end

function convert{Tv<:VTypes}(::Type{Sparse}, A::SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,SuiteSparse_long}, stype::Integer)
    o = allocate_sparse(A.m, A.n, length(A.nzval), true, true, stype, Tv)
    s = unsafe_load(o.p)
    for i = 1:length(A.colptr)
        unsafe_store!(s.p, A.colptr[i] - 1, i)
    end
    for i = 1:length(A.rowval)
        unsafe_store!(s.i, A.rowval[i] - 1, i)
    end
    unsafe_copy!(s.x, pointer(A.nzval), length(A.nzval))

    @isok check_sparse(o)

    return o
end

function convert{Tv<:VTypes,Ti<:ITypes}(::Type{Sparse}, A::SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,Ti})
    o = Sparse(A, 0)
    # check if array is symmetric and change stype if it is
    if ishermitian(o)
        change_stype!(o, -1)
    end
    o
end
convert{Ti<:ITypes}(::Type{Sparse}, A::SparseMatrixCSC{Float32,Ti}) = convert(Sparse, convert(SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,SuiteSparse_long}, A))
convert{Ti<:ITypes}(::Type{Sparse}, A::SparseMatrixCSC{Complex{Float32},Ti}) = convert(Sparse, convert(SparseMatrixCSC{Complex{Float64},SuiteSparse_long}, A))
convert(::Type{Sparse}, A::Symmetric{Float64,SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,SuiteSparse_long}}) = Sparse(A.data, A.uplo == 'L' ? -1 : 1)
convert{Tv<:VTypes}(::Type{Sparse}, A::Hermitian{Tv,SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,SuiteSparse_long}}) = Sparse(A.data, A.uplo == 'L' ? -1 : 1)
function convert{T,Ti<:ITypes}(::Type{Sparse},
    A::Union{SparseMatrixCSC{T,Ti},
             Symmetric{T,SparseMatrixCSC{T,Ti}},
             Hermitian{T,SparseMatrixCSC{T,Ti}}},
    args...)
    return Sparse(float(A), args...)
end

# Useful when reading in files, but not type stable
function convert(::Type{Sparse}, p::Ptr{C_SparseVoid})

    if p == C_NULL
        throw(ArgumentError("sparse matrix construction failed for unknown reasons. Please submit a bug report."))
    end

    s = unsafe_load(p)

    # Check integer type
    if s.itype == INT
        free_sparse!(p)
        throw(CHOLMODException("the value of itype was $s.itype. Only integer type of $SuiteSparse_long is supported."))
    elseif s.itype == INTLONG
        free_sparse!(p)
        throw(CHOLMODException("the value of itype was $s.itype. This combination of integer types shouldn't happen. Please submit a bug report."))
    elseif s.itype != LONG # must be s.itype == LONG
        free_sparse!(p)
        throw(CHOLMODException("illegal value of itype: $s.itype"))
    end

    # Check for double or single precision
    if s.dtype == DOUBLE
        Tv = Float64
    elseif s.dtype == SINGLE
        # Tv = Float32 # this should be supported at some point
        free_sparse!(p)
        throw(CHOLMODException("single precision not supported yet"))
    else
        free_sparse!(p)
        throw(CHOLMODException("illegal value of dtype: $s.dtype"))
    end

    # Check for real or complex
    if s.xtype == COMPLEX
        Tv = Complex{Tv}
    elseif s.xtype != REAL
        free_sparse!(p)
        throw(CHOLMODException("illegal value of xtype: $s.xtype"))
    end

    return Sparse(convert(Ptr{C_Sparse{Tv}}, p))

end

convert(::Type{Sparse}, A::Dense) = dense_to_sparse(A, SuiteSparse_long)
convert(::Type{Sparse}, L::Factor) = factor_to_sparse!(copy(L))
function convert(::Type{Sparse}, filename::ByteString)
    open(filename) do f
        return read_sparse(f, SuiteSparse_long)
    end
end

## convertion back to base Julia types
function convert{T}(::Type{Matrix{T}}, D::Dense{T})
    s = unsafe_load(D.p)
    a = Array(T, s.nrow, s.ncol)
    if s.d == s.nrow
        unsafe_copy!(pointer(a), s.x, s.d*s.ncol)
    else
        for j = 1:s.ncol
            for i = 1:s.nrow
                a[i,j] = unsafe_load(s.x, i + (j - 1)*s.d)
            end
        end
    end
    a
end
convert{T}(::Type{Matrix}, D::Dense{T}) = convert(Matrix{T}, D)
function convert{T}(::Type{Vector{T}}, D::Dense{T})
    if size(D, 2) > 1
        throw(DimensionMismatch("input must be a vector but had $(size(D, 2)) columns"))
    end
    reshape(convert(Matrix, D), size(D, 1))
end
convert{T}(::Type{Vector}, D::Dense{T}) = convert(Vector{T}, D)

function convert{Tv}(::Type{SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,SuiteSparse_long}}, A::Sparse{Tv})
    s = unsafe_load(A.p)
    if s.stype != 0
        throw(ArgumentError("matrix has stype != 0. Convert to matrix with stype == 0 before converting to SparseMatrixCSC"))
    end
    return SparseMatrixCSC(s.nrow, s.ncol, increment(pointer_to_array(s.p, (s.ncol + 1,), false)), increment(pointer_to_array(s.i, (s.nzmax,), false)), copy(pointer_to_array(s.x, (s.nzmax,), false)))
end
function convert(::Type{Symmetric{Float64,SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,SuiteSparse_long}}}, A::Sparse{Float64})
    s = unsafe_load(A.p)
    if !issym(A)
        throw(ArgumentError("matrix is not symmetric"))
    end
    return Symmetric(SparseMatrixCSC(s.nrow, s.ncol, increment(pointer_to_array(s.p, (s.ncol + 1,), false)), increment(pointer_to_array(s.i, (s.nzmax,), false)), copy(pointer_to_array(s.x, (s.nzmax,), false))), s.stype > 0 ? :U : :L)
end
function convert{Tv<:VTypes}(::Type{Hermitian{Tv,SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,SuiteSparse_long}}}, A::Sparse{Tv})
    s = unsafe_load(A.p)
    if !ishermitian(A)
        throw(ArgumentError("matrix is not Hermitian"))
    end
    return Hermitian(SparseMatrixCSC(s.nrow, s.ncol, increment(pointer_to_array(s.p, (s.ncol + 1,), false)), increment(pointer_to_array(s.i, (s.nzmax,), false)), copy(pointer_to_array(s.x, (s.nzmax,), false))), s.stype > 0 ? :U : :L)
end
function sparse(A::Sparse{Float64}) # Notice! Cannot be type stable because of stype
    s = unsafe_load(A.p)
    if s.stype == 0
        return convert(SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,SuiteSparse_long}, A)
    end
    return convert(Symmetric{Float64,SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,SuiteSparse_long}}, A)
end
function sparse(A::Sparse{Complex{Float64}}) # Notice! Cannot be type stable because of stype
    s = unsafe_load(A.p)
    if s.stype == 0
        return convert(SparseMatrixCSC{Complex{Float64},SuiteSparse_long}, A)
    end
    return convert(Hermitian{Complex{Float64},SparseMatrixCSC{Complex{Float64},SuiteSparse_long}}, A)
end
function sparse(F::Factor)
    s = unsafe_load(F.p)
    if s.is_ll != 0
        L = Sparse(F)
        A = sparse(L*L')
    else
        LD = sparse(F[:LD])
        L, d = getLd!(LD)
        A = scale(L, d)*L'
    end
    SparseMatrix.sortSparseMatrixCSC!(A)
    p = get_perm(F)
    if p != [1:s.n;]
        pinv = Array(Int, length(p))
        for k = 1:length(p)
            pinv[p[k]] = k
        end
        A = A[pinv,pinv]
    end
    A
end

sparse(D::Dense) = sparse(Sparse(D))

function sparse{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:L})
    F = Factor(FC)
    s = unsafe_load(F.p)
    s.is_ll != 0 || throw(CHOLMODException("sparse: supported only for :LD on LDLt factorizations"))
    sparse(Sparse(F))
end
sparse{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:LD}) = sparse(Sparse(Factor(FC)))

# Calculate the offset into the stype field of the cholmod_sparse_struct and
# change the value
let offidx=findfirst(fieldnames(C_Sparse) .== :stype)

    global change_stype!
    function change_stype!(A::Sparse, i::Integer)
        offset = fieldoffsets(C_Sparse)[offidx]
        unsafe_store!(convert(Ptr{Cint}, A.p), i, div(offset, 4) + 1)
        return A
    end
end

free!(A::Dense) = free_dense!(A.p)
free!(A::Sparse) = free_sparse!(A.p)
free!(F::Factor) = free_factor!(F.p)

eltype{T<:VTypes}(::Type{Dense{T}}) = T
eltype{T<:VTypes}(::Type{Factor{T}}) = T
eltype{T<:VTypes}(::Type{Sparse{T}}) = T

nnz(F::Factor) = nnz(Sparse(F))

function show(io::IO, F::Factor)
    println(io, typeof(F))
    showfactor(io, F)
end

# FactorComponent is a subtype of AbstractArray and we therefore define showarray instead of show
function showarray(io::IO, FC::FactorComponent; kargs...)
    println(io, typeof(FC))
    showfactor(io, Factor(FC))
end

function showfactor(io::IO, F::Factor)
    s = unsafe_load(get(F.p))
    @printf(io, "type: %12s\n", s.is_ll!=0 ? "LLt" : "LDLt")
    @printf(io, "method: %10s\n", s.is_super!=0 ? "supernodal" : "simplicial")
    @printf(io, "maxnnz: %10d\n", Int(s.nzmax))
    @printf(io, "nnz: %13d\n", nnz(F))
end

isvalid(A::Dense) = check_dense(A)
isvalid(A::Sparse) = check_sparse(A)
isvalid(A::Factor) = check_factor(A)

copy(A::Dense) = copy_dense(A)
copy(A::Sparse) = copy_sparse(A)
copy(A::Factor) = copy_factor(A)

function size(A::Union{Dense,Sparse})
    s = unsafe_load(get(A.p))
    return (Int(s.nrow), Int(s.ncol))
end
function size(F::Factor, i::Integer)
    if i < 1
        throw(ArgumentError("dimension must be positive"))
    end
    s = unsafe_load(get(F.p))
    if i <= 2
        return Int(s.n)
    end
    return 1
end

linearindexing(::Dense) = LinearFast()

size(FC::FactorComponent, i::Integer) = size(FC.F, i)
size(FC::FactorComponent) = size(FC.F)

ctranspose{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:L}) = FactorComponent{Tv,:U}(FC.F)
ctranspose{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:U}) = FactorComponent{Tv,:L}(FC.F)
ctranspose{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:PtL}) = FactorComponent{Tv,:UP}(FC.F)
ctranspose{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:UP}) = FactorComponent{Tv,:PtL}(FC.F)
ctranspose{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:D}) = FC
ctranspose{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:LD}) = FactorComponent{Tv,:DU}(FC.F)
ctranspose{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:DU}) = FactorComponent{Tv,:LD}(FC.F)
ctranspose{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:PtLD}) = FactorComponent{Tv,:DUP}(FC.F)
ctranspose{Tv}(FC::FactorComponent{Tv,:DUP}) = FactorComponent{Tv,:PtLD}(FC.F)

function getindex(A::Dense, i::Integer)
    s = unsafe_load(get(A.p))
    0 < i <= s.nrow*s.ncol || throw(BoundsError())
    unsafe_load(s.x, i)
end

linearindexing(::Sparse) = LinearSlow()
function getindex{T}(A::Sparse{T}, i0::Integer, i1::Integer)
    s = unsafe_load(get(A.p))
    !(1 <= i0 <= s.nrow && 1 <= i1 <= s.ncol) && throw(BoundsError())
    s.stype < 0 && i0 < i1 && return conj(A[i1,i0])
    s.stype > 0 && i0 > i1 && return conj(A[i1,i0])

    r1 = Int(unsafe_load(s.p, i1) + 1)
    r2 = Int(unsafe_load(s.p, i1 + 1))
    (r1 > r2) && return zero(T)
    r1 = Int(searchsortedfirst(pointer_to_array(s.i, (s.nzmax,), false), i0 - 1, r1, r2, Base.Order.Forward))
    ((r1 > r2) || (unsafe_load(s.i, r1) + 1 != i0)) ? zero(T) : unsafe_load(s.x, r1)
end

function getindex(F::Factor, sym::Symbol)
    sym == :p && return get_perm(F)
    FactorComponent(F, sym)
end

function getLd!(S::SparseMatrixCSC)
    d = Array(eltype(S), size(S, 1))
    fill!(d, 0)
    col = 1
    for k = 1:length(S.nzval)
        while k >= S.colptr[col+1]
            col += 1
        end
        if S.rowval[k] == col
            d[col] = S.nzval[k]
            S.nzval[k] = 1
        end
    end
    S, d
end

## Multiplication
(*)(A::Sparse, B::Sparse) = ssmult(A, B, 0, true, true)
(*)(A::Sparse, B::Dense) = sdmult!(A, false, 1., 0., B, zeros(size(A, 1), size(B, 2)))
(*)(A::Sparse, B::VecOrMat) = (*)(A, Dense(B))

function A_mul_Bc{Tv<:VRealTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, B::Sparse{Tv})
    cm = common()

    if !is(A,B)
        aa1 = transpose_(B, 2)
        ## result of ssmult will have stype==0, contain numerical values and be sorted
        return ssmult(A, aa1, 0, true, true)
    end

    ## The A*A' case is handled by cholmod_aat. This routine requires
    ## A->stype == 0 (storage of upper and lower parts). If neccesary
    ## the matrix A is first converted to stype == 0
    s = unsafe_load(A.p)
    if s.stype != 0
        aa1 = copy(A, 0, 1)
        return aat(aa1, SuiteSparse_long[0:s.ncol-1;], 1)
    else
        return aat(A, SuiteSparse_long[0:s.ncol-1;], 1)
    end
end

function Ac_mul_B(A::Sparse, B::Sparse)
    aa1 = transpose_(A, 2)
    if is(A,B)
        return A_mul_Bc(aa1, aa1)
    end
    ## result of ssmult will have stype==0, contain numerical values and be sorted
    return ssmult(aa1, B, 0, true, true)
end

Ac_mul_B(A::Sparse, B::Dense) = sdmult!(A, true, 1., 0., B, zeros(size(A, 2), size(B, 2)))
Ac_mul_B(A::Sparse, B::VecOrMat) =  Ac_mul_B(A, Dense(B))


## Factorization methods

function fact_{Tv<:VTypes}(A::Sparse{Tv}, cm::Array{UInt8};
    shift::Real=0.0, perm::AbstractVector{SuiteSparse_long}=SuiteSparse_long[],
    postorder::Bool=true, userperm_only::Bool=true)

    sA = unsafe_load(get(A.p))
    sA.stype == 0 && throw(ArgumentError("sparse matrix is not symmetric/Hermitian"))

    if !postorder
        unsafe_store!(common_postorder, 0)
    end

    if isempty(perm)
        F = analyze(A, cm)
    else # user permutation provided
        if userperm_only # use perm even if it is worse than AMD
            unsafe_store!(common_nmethods, 1)
        end
        F = analyze_p(A, SuiteSparse_long[p-1 for p in perm], cm)
    end

    factorize_p!(A, shift, F, cm)
    return F
end

function cholfact(A::Sparse; kws...)
    cm = defaults(common()) # setting the common struct to default values. Should only be done when creating new factorization.
    set_print_level(cm, 0) # no printing from CHOLMOD by default

    # Makes it an LLt
    unsafe_store!(common_final_ll, 1)

    F = fact_(A, cm; kws...)
    s = unsafe_load(get(F.p))
    s.minor < size(A, 1) && throw(Base.LinAlg.PosDefException(s.minor))
    return F
end

function ldltfact(A::Sparse; kws...)
    cm = defaults(common()) # setting the common struct to default values. Should only be done when creating new factorization.
    set_print_level(cm, 0) # no printing from CHOLMOD by default

    # Makes it an LDLt
    unsafe_store!(common_final_ll, 0)

    # Really make sure it's an LDLt by avoiding supernodal factorisation
    unsafe_store!(common_supernodal, 0)

    F = fact_(A, cm; kws...)
    s = unsafe_load(get(F.p))
    s.minor < size(A, 1) && throw(Base.LinAlg.ArgumentError("matrix has one or more zero pivots"))
    return F
end


for f in (:cholfact, :ldltfact)
    @eval begin
        $f(A::SparseMatrixCSC; kws...) = $f(Sparse(A); kws...)
        $f(A::Symmetric{Float64,SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,SuiteSparse_long}}; kws...) = $f(Sparse(A); kws...)
        $f(A::Hermitian{Complex{Float64},SparseMatrixCSC{Complex{Float64},SuiteSparse_long}}; kws...) = $f(Sparse(A); kws...)
    end
end

function update!{Tv<:VTypes}(F::Factor{Tv}, A::Sparse{Tv}; shift::Real=0.0)
    cm = defaults(common()) # setting the common struct to default values. Should only be done when creating new factorization.
    set_print_level(cm, 0) # no printing from CHOLMOD by default

    s = unsafe_load(get(F.p))
    if s.is_ll!=0
        unsafe_store!(common_final_ll, 1) # Makes it an LLt
    end
    factorize_p!(A, shift, F, cm)
end
update!{T<:VTypes}(F::Factor{T}, A::SparseMatrixCSC{T}; kws...) = update!(F, Sparse(A); kws...)

## Solvers

for (T, f) in ((:Dense, :solve), (:Sparse, :spsolve))
    @eval begin
        # Solve Lx = b and L'x=b where A = L*L'
        function (\){T}(L::FactorComponent{T,:L}, B::$T)
            ($f)(CHOLMOD_L, Factor(L), B)
        end
        function (\){T}(L::FactorComponent{T,:U}, B::$T)
            ($f)(CHOLMOD_Lt, Factor(L), B)
        end
        # Solve PLx = b and L'P'x=b where A = P*L*L'*P'
        function (\){T}(L::FactorComponent{T,:PtL}, B::$T)
            F = Factor(L)
            ($f)(CHOLMOD_L, F, ($f)(CHOLMOD_P, F, B))  # Confusingly, CHOLMOD_P solves P'x = b
        end
        function (\){T}(L::FactorComponent{T,:UP}, B::$T)
            F = Factor(L)
            ($f)(CHOLMOD_Pt, F, ($f)(CHOLMOD_Lt, F, B))
        end
        # Solve various equations for A = L*D*L' and A = P*L*D*L'*P'
        function (\){T}(L::FactorComponent{T,:D}, B::$T)
            ($f)(CHOLMOD_D, Factor(L), B)
        end
        function (\){T}(L::FactorComponent{T,:LD}, B::$T)
            ($f)(CHOLMOD_LD, Factor(L), B)
        end
        function (\){T}(L::FactorComponent{T,:DU}, B::$T)
            ($f)(CHOLMOD_DLt, Factor(L), B)
        end
        function (\){T}(L::FactorComponent{T,:PtLD}, B::$T)
            F = Factor(L)
            ($f)(CHOLMOD_LD, F, ($f)(CHOLMOD_P, F, B))
        end
        function (\){T}(L::FactorComponent{T,:DUP}, B::$T)
            F = Factor(L)
            ($f)(CHOLMOD_Pt, F, ($f)(CHOLMOD_DLt, F, B))
        end
    end
end

function (\)(L::FactorComponent, b::Vector)
    reshape(convert(Matrix, L\Dense(b)), length(b))
end
function (\)(L::FactorComponent, B::Matrix)
    convert(Matrix, L\Dense(B))
end
function (\)(L::FactorComponent, B::SparseMatrixCSC)
    sparse(L\Sparse(B,0))
end

Ac_ldiv_B(L::FactorComponent, B) = ctranspose(L)\B

(\)(L::Factor, B::Dense) = solve(CHOLMOD_A, L, B)
(\)(L::Factor, b::Vector) = reshape(convert(Matrix, solve(CHOLMOD_A, L, Dense(b))), length(b))
(\)(L::Factor, B::Matrix) = convert(Matrix, solve(CHOLMOD_A, L, Dense(B)))
(\)(L::Factor, B::Sparse) = spsolve(CHOLMOD_A, L, B)
# When right hand side is sparse, we have to ensure that the rhs is not marked as symmetric.
(\)(L::Factor, B::SparseMatrixCSC) = sparse(spsolve(CHOLMOD_A, L, Sparse(B, 0)))

Ac_ldiv_B(L::Factor, B::Dense) = solve(CHOLMOD_A, L, B)
Ac_ldiv_B(L::Factor, B::VecOrMat) = convert(Matrix, solve(CHOLMOD_A, L, Dense(B)))
Ac_ldiv_B(L::Factor, B::Sparse) = spsolve(CHOLMOD_A, L, B)
Ac_ldiv_B(L::Factor, B::SparseMatrixCSC) = Ac_ldiv_B(L, Sparse(B))

## Other convenience methods
function diag{Tv}(F::Factor{Tv})
    f = unsafe_load(get(F.p))
    fsuper = f.super
    fpi = f.pi
    res = Base.zeros(Tv, Int(f.n))
    xv  = f.x
    if f.is_super!=0
        px = f.px
        pos = 1
        for i in 1:f.nsuper
            base = unsafe_load(px, i) + 1
            res[pos] = unsafe_load(xv, base)
            pos += 1
            for j in 1:unsafe_load(fsuper, i + 1) - unsafe_load(fsuper, i) - 1
                res[pos] = unsafe_load(xv, base + j*(unsafe_load(fpi, i + 1) - unsafe_load(fpi, i) + 1))
                pos += 1
            end
        end
    else
        c0 = f.p
        r0 = f.i
        xv = f.x
        for j in 1:f.n
            jj = unsafe_load(c0, j) + 1
            assert(unsafe_load(r0, jj) == j - 1)
            res[j] = unsafe_load(xv, jj)
        end
    end
    res
end

function logdet{Tv<:VTypes}(F::Factor{Tv})
    f = unsafe_load(get(F.p))
    res = zero(Tv)
    for d in diag(F) res += log(abs(d)) end
    f.is_ll!=0 ? 2res : res
end

det(L::Factor) = exp(logdet(L))

function isposdef{Tv<:VTypes}(A::SparseMatrixCSC{Tv,SuiteSparse_long})
    if !ishermitian(A)
        return false
    end
    try
        f = cholfact(A)
    catch e
        isa(e, LinAlg.PosDefException) || rethrow(e)
        return false
    end
    true
end

function issym(A::Sparse)
    s = unsafe_load(A.p)
    if s.stype != 0
        return isreal(A)
    end
    i = symmetry(A, 1)[1]
    return i == MM_SYMMETRIC || i == MM_SYMMETRIC_POSDIAG
end

function ishermitian(A::Sparse{Float64})
    s = unsafe_load(A.p)
    if s.stype != 0
        return true
    else
        i = symmetry(A, 1)[1]
        return i == MM_SYMMETRIC || i == MM_SYMMETRIC_POSDIAG
    end
end
function ishermitian(A::Sparse{Complex{Float64}})
    s = unsafe_load(A.p)
    if s.stype != 0
        return true
    else
        i = symmetry(A, 1)[1]
        return i == MM_HERMITIAN || i == MM_HERMITIAN_POSDIAG
    end
end

(*){Ti}(A::Symmetric{Float64,SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,Ti}}, B::SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,Ti}) = sparse(Sparse(A)*Sparse(B))
(*){Ti}(A::Hermitian{Complex{Float64},SparseMatrixCSC{Complex{Float64},Ti}}, B::SparseMatrixCSC{Complex{Float64},Ti}) = sparse(Sparse(A)*Sparse(B))

end #module