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<body lang="en">
<a name="Setting-the-language"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="C.html#C" accesskey="n" rel="next">C</a>, Previous: <a href="Languages.html#Languages" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Languages</a>, Up: <a href="Languages.html#Languages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Languages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="Parameter-index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-index.html#Concept-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>

<a name="Setting-the-language-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.1 Setting the language</h3>

<a name="index-Language_002c-setting-2"></a>
<p>The most general form of a language command is
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>@<i>[</i>L<i>]ltext</i>[<i>options</i>]
</p></blockquote>

<p>where <i>l</i> is a language symbol, <i>text</i> is converted into the
option &lsquo;<samp>-<i>l</i>text</samp>&rsquo;, and <i>options</i> have the same syntax as on the
command line.  
</p>
<p>The language symbols must be in lower case; they are
</p>
<blockquote>
<table>
<tr><td>C</td><td><code>c</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>C++</td><td><code>c++</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Fortran-77</td><td><code>n</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Fortran-90</td><td><code>n9</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Ratfor-77</td><td><code>r</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Ratfor-90</td><td><code>r9</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>TeX</td><td><code>x</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>VERBATIM</td><td><code>v</code></td></tr>
</table>
</blockquote>

<p>An example of a command with the optional <i>text</i> field is &lsquo;<samp>@n/</samp>&rsquo;.
By definition, this is equivalent to &lsquo;<samp>@n[-n/]</samp>&rsquo;.  Thus, it both sets
the language and invokes a command-line option.
</p>
<p>As another example, &lsquo;<samp>@n9</samp>&rsquo; really means &lsquo;<samp>@n[-n9]</samp>&rsquo;.  Thus the
language is first set to <small>FORTRAN</small>, then reset to <small>FORTRAN</small>-90.
One doesn&rsquo;t need to worry about this detail.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">@n9[-n&amp;]
</pre></div>

<p>means set the language to <small>FORTRAN</small>&ndash;90 and use free-form syntax with the
ampersand as the continuation character.  (This construction is now
<small>FWEB</small>&rsquo;s default.)
</p>
<p>The brackets may contain more than one space-delimited option.
</p>
<p>A language command should appear somewhere in limbo, before the start of
the first section.  The language in effect at the beginning of the first
section defines the global language.  For historical reasons, the
default language is <small>FORTRAN</small>-77, but <em>do not rely on this;
always include a language command</em>.
</p>
<p>Language commands may be used within sections, but the new language
remains in force only for that section.  The language of a named module
is inherited from the language in effect at the time the name is first
used.  Thus, in the following example, the global language is
<small>FORTRAN</small>&ndash;77, but an arbitrary number of C functions can be placed into a
C-language module with just one &lsquo;<samp>@c</samp>&rsquo; language-changing command.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">@n
@ 
@a
        program main
        end

@c
@&lt;C@&gt;@;

@ 
@&lt;C@&gt;=
int fcn()
{}
</pre></div>

<p><small>FTANGLE</small> will write two output files for this example&mdash;e.g.,
<samp>test.f</samp> and <samp>test.c</samp>.  Particularly note that one did not
need an &lsquo;<samp>@c</samp>&rsquo; command in the last section because the language was
C when &lsquo;<samp>@&lt;C@&gt;</samp>&rsquo; was first encountered.
</p>
<a name="Special-hints-and-considerations-for-each-language"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.2 Special hints and considerations for each language</h3>

<p>One important thing to keep in mind is that in <small>FWEB</small> an identifier
may have, for each language, precisely one meaning throughout the
document.  This restriction is not necessarily in accord with the
syntaxes of the various source languages.  See, for example, the
discussions in <a href="Cpp.html#Cpp">Cpp</a> and <a href="Fortran.html#Fortran">Fortran</a>. 
</p>
<hr>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="C.html#C" accesskey="n" rel="next">C</a>, Previous: <a href="Languages.html#Languages" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Languages</a>, Up: <a href="Languages.html#Languages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Languages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="Parameter-index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-index.html#Concept-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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